What is the punctuation analysis of the sentence sample. Punctuation analysis of sentences: easy and simple

The order of punctuation analysis

1. Simple sentence completion marks.
2. Separating signs in a simple sentence: between the subject and the predicate, a dash (if any); between homogeneous members there are commas (if any); before homogeneous members after the generalizing word, a colon (if any).
3. Signs of excretion during handling (if any).

Sample punctuation analysis

Along the mossy, muddy banks there were black huts here and there. (A. Pushkin)

Oral analysis

At the end of the sentence there is a completion sign - a period, since the sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory.

A comma is placed between the definitions mossy and muddy, since they are homogeneous and the connection between them is non-union. There is no comma between homogeneous circumstances here and there, since they are connected by a non-repeating conjunction and.

Written analysis

230 . Perform oral punctuation analysis of sentences.

1. The autumn wind rises in the forests,
   It moves noisily through the thicket,
   Dead leaves are torn off and having fun
   Carries in a mad dance.
2. Winter blizzards are the forerunners of spring.

231 . Fill in the missing punctuation marks. Perform oral punctuation analysis of sentences.

1. Bird voices rang everywhere in the field, in the forest, in the grove. 2. Something appeared from behind the clouds, but soon disappeared.. 3. Wasps and bumblebees take refuge in dry shelters. 4. How handsome autumn forest. 5. Guys, have you ever seen the centuries-old mighty ship pine trees?

Punctuation analysis sentences ensures better understanding by schoolchildren of punctuation rules. It is based on three sequential actions, ultimately leading to an explanation of the conditions for choosing a particular punctuation mark. For punctuation analysis, you need to know the parts of speech and be able to find in a sentence grammatical basis and minor members, as well as hear the intonation with which it is pronounced. Correct punctuation ensures accuracy and clarity of expression.

The order of punctuation analysis
The main punctuation marks studied in school and used for punctuation analysis are: period (it is from its Latin name “punctum” that the word “punctuation” comes from), comma, semicolon, question and exclamation marks, colon, dash, parentheses, quotation marks and dots.

Punctuation analysis begins with determining the nature of the sentence, which can be either simple or complex. Then one or more punctuation rules are established that operate in the sentence being analyzed. Each of them is subject to separate allocation. The result of punctuation analysis is a graphic diagram of the sentence.

How to perform punctuation analysis of a simple sentence?
A simple sentence in a diagram is indicated by square brackets, followed by one of five punctuation marks: a period, a question mark, an exclamation mark, an ellipsis, or a combination of a question mark and an exclamation mark.

The inside of the diagram shows a complication of a simple sentence. The grammatical basis is indicated by default.

1. Homogeneous members of a sentence are depicted in the diagram in the form of circles, inside which a graphic designation of a member of the sentence is placed. All members of a sentence can be homogeneous: subjects (one straight line), predicates (two straight lines), complements (one dotted line), definitions (one wavy line) and circumstances (dashed line with a dot between the lines). Along with them, the diagram indicates the punctuation marks and conjunctions related to them (conjunctive, adversative, comparative).
   Homogeneous members can be used in a sentence together with a generalizing word. In the diagram it is indicated by a circle with a bold dot inside.
   
2. Introductory words and phrases are depicted in the form of five small crosses, on top of which the inscription “vv.sl.” is placed, where “sl.” denotes both “word” and “phrase”. Above introductory sentences it is written “vv.pr.”
   
3. The addresses on the diagram are reproduced in the form of a wavy line with the inscription “o.”
   
4. Interjections are written in the diagram with words (“alas”, “ah”, “Hurray!”, etc.).
   
5. To explain the placement of a dash between the subject and the predicate over graphic representation grammatical basis indicates the part of speech and its grammatical form: “noun, ip.”, “noun. + noun”, “undefined f.gl.”, “number”, “noun. + number.” etc. The indicative words “this”, “here”, “means” are written in full on the diagram.
   The absence of a dash between the subject and the predicate should also be explained when analyzing the sentence punctuationally. In this case, it is enough to highlight the grammatical basis and those rules on the basis of which the dash is omitted: the presence between the subject and the predicate of a negative particle “not” or comparative conjunctions “as”, “as if”, “as if”.
   
6. Isolated members of a sentence are highlighted in writing with punctuation marks and are divided into five categories:
   • Separate definitions are depicted in the diagram as one wavy line inside two slashes “/ ~~~/”.
     If a separate definition refers to a personal pronoun, then the latter is indicated on the diagram with the sign “x”, above which is written “l.m.” All other parts of speech are indicated on the diagram with a simple “x”.
     Above the definitions expressed by the participial phrase, the inscription “p.o.” is placed.
     Two or more isolated definitions are highlighted in the diagram as homogeneous (a wavy line in a circle). An arrow is drawn from the word being defined to them.
     Above the separate definitions with concessive and causal meanings, “established meaning” is indicated. and “prich.zn” respectively. In the diagram, such definitions are depicted by two lines: the lower one – circumstances, the upper one – definitions.
     Agreed and inconsistent definitions in the diagram are separated from each other and signed as “agree”, “disagree”.
     
   • Dedicated Applications are depicted on the diagram in the same way as individual definitions. They can refer to a personal pronoun (“l.m.”), a common noun (“common”) or a proper name (“proper”). Isolated applications with the conjunction “how” are highlighted in the diagram by the bottom line of the circumstance and the top line of the definition, above which is written “conditional sign.” or “sign.quality.”
     
   • Separate additions are indicated on the diagram in the form of ordinary additions with the words “except”, “instead”, “including”, “besides”, etc. relating to them.
     
   • Isolated circumstances are depicted on the diagram as a single dotted line with dots, enclosed in slashes. Above them it is indicated how they are expressed: by a gerund (“d.”) or participial phrase("before."). An arrow is drawn to isolated circumstances from the word being defined.
     Circumstances expressed by phraseological expressions are signed as “phraseol.”. They are not distinguished by punctuation marks in writing.
     Above the circumstances expressed by nouns with prepositions, prepositions and prepositional combinations are written (“despite”, “provided”, etc.).
     
   • Clarifying members of a sentence are indicated on the diagram in the form of certain members of the sentence - definitions, circumstances, additions, etc. Each of them is asked a question to which they answer: “when?”, “what?”, “which?” and so on. In addition, the diagram indicates related conjunctions that explain words and phrases.
     
7. Comparative turnovers are highlighted in the diagram in the same way as isolated circumstances. The inscription “compare” is placed above them.
   

How to perform punctuation analysis of a complex sentence?
A complex sentence in the diagram is indicated in the form of simple sentences, depicted using square and round brackets.

1. IN compound sentences outside the square brackets denoting simple sentences that are equal in relation to each other, connecting and dividing unions. Common minor member or introductory word is also taken out of brackets and underlined either as a circumstance with the inscription “general.”, or as an introductory word.
   The placement of a dash between simple sentences is explained by the inscriptions “result”, “res.cm.d.” (sharp change in action), etc.
   
2. IN complex sentences The main simple sentence is indicated by square brackets, the dependent (subordinate) clause - by round brackets. During punctuation analysis, conjunctions (“union”), conjunctive (“conjunct.sl.”) and demonstrative words (“ukaz.sl.”) are written and indicated on the diagram. Conjunctive words in the subordinate and demonstrative - in the main, they are emphasized as certain members of the sentence.
   If there are several subordinate clauses each of them is accompanied by an index arrow from the sentence to which they are subordinated.
   
3. IN non-union proposals above punctuation marks connecting simple sentences, conjunctions that suit the situation are placed in parentheses.
   

How is direct speech formed during punctuation analysis?
In the diagram, direct speech is depicted with the letters “P” (direct speech at the beginning of a sentence or being independent proposal) and “p” (direct speech at the end of a sentence). The author's words are indicated by the letters "A" and "a".
In writing and during punctuation analysis, accordingly, several options for formatting direct speech are possible:

1. Direct speech comes before the words of the author:
2. Direct speech comes after the words of the author:
   
3. Direct speech is interrupted by the words of the author:

   “P, – a, – p.”

   “P, – a. - P".

   "P? - A. - P".

   "P! - A. - P".

   
   

This article examined the basics of punctuation parsing sentences. We recommend supplementing your knowledge on this topic with the help of O. Ushakova’s book with same name"Punctuation analysis of a sentence." This small collection, written in a clear, accessible form, provides a large number of examples of punctuation analysis of sentences of different levels of complexity.

Punctuation analysis of a sentence is quite easy to do if you know the scheme and master the basic rules of grammar. Essentially, this language analysis is based on finding and explaining the use of certain punctuation marks using knowledge of syntax.

Parsing scheme

There are differences between the analysis of simple and complex sentences, but the algorithm of actions itself remains the same. To understand how to do punctuation analysis, you need to know in what order to carry it out.

1. Place numbers above all punctuation marks.
2. Explain the sign (punctuation) that comes at the end. This can be a period, exclamation point or question mark. Ellipses are used less frequently.
3. Analyze for the presence of commas or dashes. If the sentence is complex, talk about the use of punctograms, which together make up the construction.

How to do proper parsing

When you have all the numbers entered, we proceed directly to the analysis. To properly explain the use of a mark at the end of a sentence, you need to determine the purpose of the statement and its overall emotional tone. A period is added to show a complete thought. Such a sentence is called a narrative sentence. If the goal is to ask a question, there will definitely be a question mark at the end, and if this is an order or a call to action, after last word they put an exclamation point, and the sentence itself is called an incentive. If the thought is not completed or requires a long pause, an ellipsis is added at the end.

We determine the construction of the sentence. To explain the choice of signs in a complex statement, determine how many parts it consists of and how they are related to each other. The connection can be coordinating, subordinating, conjunction or non-conjunction.

IN simple sentences We explain the functions that this or that sign performs. Commas or dashes can be used to highlight inserted words or phrases, addresses, separate definitions and applications, as well as clarifying terms designed to attract the reader’s attention.

Also commas separate homogeneous members. The author's direct speech also requires commas and dashes.

At the end of the analysis, it is preferable to draw a diagram that graphically displays the places where certain punctuation marks are placed.

Let's give an example of parsing a complex sentence. Based on it, you can analyze the simple one.

Talk about the grammatical functions of signs.

Of course, (1) the modern Russian language is different from the one (2) spoken and written by Pushkin, (3) Gogol, (4) Karamzin and Turgenev. (6)

• 6 - a period at the end of a declarative sentence with a complete thought.
• 2 is a comma between parts of a complex sentence and separates the subordinate clause from the main clause.
• 1 - a comma separates the introductory word from the rest of the sentence.
• 3, 4 - signs separate homogeneous members, in this case the subjects, which are connected without union.

As we can see, it is quite easy to perform punctuation analysis of a sentence, but for this you need to be able to analyze the structure of the construction and explain the use of punctuation marks from a grammatical point of view. Therefore, it is worth studying not only the rules of writing, but also being able to divide words in a sentence into members.

How to do punctuation analysis of a sentence in order to once and for all insure yourself against ridiculous mistakes while writing? If you remember once and for all simple rules Russian language, you don’t have to worry about your reputation as a competent copyist. Children learn how to do punctuation analysis in the fifth or sixth grade, but over time the lessons are forgotten and they have to restore knowledge.

What is punctuation analysis of a sentence?

In fact, the answer to this question lies in the very name of the term. This is the division of a sentence into certain segments, which are separated from each other by punctuation marks, as well as finding out which punctuation marks are appropriate in a particular case. This is a detailed analysis of all the punctuation marks in a single sentence.

Correctly performing punctuation analysis of a sentence means not only correctly placing punctuation marks, but also explaining why this sign is placed exactly here. In order not to get confused and to do everything in order, you must follow a certain sequence of actions.

Action plan

Punctuation analysis of a sentence is done according to the following scheme:

Every schoolchild knows how to make a punctuation analysis of a sentence, but as we grow older, incoming information sometimes displaces such basic knowledge, and we forget about the most simple things. To restore your past experience, try doing a punctuation analysis on various examples text. This way you can always be confident in your impeccable literacy.