How to determine the reaction time of a person. Classical Methods for Studying Human Reaction Time

Municipal budgetary institution "Rabocheostrovskaya secondary school" of the Kemsky district of the Republic of Karelia "Measuring the reaction time of a person using a ruler" Research work in physics Performed by: Karyapin Alexander. Pupil 10 "B" class Project manager: Bukhalova Marina Nikolaevna Rabocheostrovsk, 2013

Relevance of the work: With the increase in the pace of life, the problem of reducing the time of reaction to a stimulus becomes more and more urgent every year, therefore many researchers turn to this topic. Our research will be useful for students, vehicle drivers, as well as people in those professions where quick reactions are needed.

Defining the problem How to measure the reaction time of a person with the help of an ordinary student's ruler (!)? Do you know what is human reaction time? Did you know that the reaction depends on the age, fitness and well-being of a person ... Reaction time is one of the important criteria for the selection of drivers, operators, pilots, astronauts.

Research objectives: to find educational material in additional literature, in Internet resources and the media; study the laws of free fall of bodies; use a ruler to investigate the reaction times of our class members during the school day; analyze the results of the experiment; draw conclusions.

Physical foundations of the research method If you catch the ruler right after the start of the fall, then by its section "between the fingers" - the mark where we held it at the beginning, and at which it was caught, one can judge how long it fell. This will be the human reaction time. It remains to connect the path h and the time t. How to do it?

Program for calculating data: The next stage of my work is preparing a microcalculator and drawing up a sequence of operations on it. We get the following program: we put the number 0.04515 in the memory of the calculator, type h (in cm) on the indicator, extract the root from h, multiply by 0.04515 (from memory), we get the answer. we calculate the time t 1 (with h 1 \u003d 1 cm), t 2 (with h 2 \u003d 2 cm). We round each answer to three significant digits and enter it into the table

Result table Distance, cm Time, s

Result table: Distance, cm Time, s

Surname 1 lesson 2 lesson 3 lesson 4 lesson Albul Markitanov Kuntu Vereshchagina Kupriyanova Karyapin Ipatova Staina Emelyanova Egorov Boyarchenko Experimental data

Lesson 1 lesson 2 lesson 3 lesson 4 lesson Average value Experienced data

Research Results The greatest value of reaction time, and hence the delayed reaction of students in our class, falls on the first lesson in the schedule. The reaction to external influences and the perception of the learning process in the second and fourth lessons significantly improves. In the third lesson on the schedule, the reaction decreases again, assimilation worsens teaching material

Subject Difficulty coefficient Physics 12 Geometry, chemistry 11 Algebra 10 Russian 9 Literature, foreign language 8 Biology 7 Computer science, economics 6 History, social studies, MHK 5 Astronomy 4 Geography, ecology 3 OBZH, regional studies 2 Physical education 1 Scale of difficulty of subjects

Good to know Age has a significant effect on reaction time The habit of smoking increases the reaction time to an event Reaction time in women is not much better than in men Reaction time in the presence of external stimuli increases significantly

Vremya-reakcii-cheloveka / vremya-reakcii-cheloveka / resources

Objective.
Measure and compare the time of a simple sensorimotor reaction to light and sound stimuli under normal and extreme conditions.

Equipment.
1. Meter of response time "Temp"
2. Microcalculator.
Theoretical introduction
Since mental processes are phenomena that develop in time, no behavioral act, no conditioned or unconditioned reaction of the body to the action of an irritant (stimulus) can be instantaneous. As a rule, it is characterized by a certain reaction time, including the motor and latency periods.
The motor period is the time of immediate response.
The latent (latent) period is the time interval between the moment the stimulus appears and the beginning of the response to it. There are three types of reactions:
1) a simple reaction, when a person reacts with a definite unambiguous answer to the presentation of a known signal;
2) the reaction of discrimination, in which an unambiguous answer is expected only to one of several presented signals;
3) the reaction of choice, consisting in the presentation of several signals to the subject, each of which has its own type of response.
The complication of the reaction leads to an increase in the reaction time. In the case of a simple sensorimotor (motor) reaction to an external stimulus, its latent period is due to a number of physiological and psychological factors, primarily the inertia of the receptor. Thus, the retina begins to send electrical impulses to the brain along the optic nerve only 60-80 ms after the onset of the optical stimulus.
When exposed to a sound signal, it takes time for the impulses to pass to the corresponding center of the brain, to decode this impulse, develop a response program, and transmit command impulses to the executive organ. That is why the organ of Corti begins to send impulses to the brain only
after the completion of eight full vibrations of the sound acting on the ear.
Knowledge of the reaction time is necessary when designing those types of human activity where there is a time limit for performing certain actions (in aviation, astronautics, in modern automated control systems, in various modes of transport). In theoretical terms, measuring reaction time is a rather productive method of analysis. mental activity, its complexity and self-regulation.
Reaction time is one of the trained manifestations of the human psyche. It is much shorter in persons whose work is associated with the need to implement rapid motor reactions (car drivers, pilots, boxers, tennis players, goalkeepers of football and hockey teams, etc.).
The physiological and psychological state of a person (malaise, fatigue, mental fatigue, alcohol poisoning) has a great influence on the period of the sensorimotor reaction. Therefore, the reaction time can be used as an indicator of changes in the mental (emotional) state of a person.
The task
1. Study the instruction manual for the “Temp” device.
2. To study the technique of measuring and assessing the time of a simple sensorimotor reaction to light and sound stimuli.
3. Make a tenfold measurement of the time of a simple sensorimotor reaction to a light stimulus.
4. Make a tenfold measurement of the time of a simple sensorimotor reaction to a sound stimulus.
5. To make a tenfold measurement of the time of a simple sensorimotor reaction to a light (sound) stimulus under conditions of exposure to an extreme factor.
6. Carry out mathematical processing of the obtained data (mean values, variances, significance of differences), make their analysis.
7. Draw up a report on the work performed.

Task progress
By doing laboratory work the "Temp" reaction time meter is used (Fig. 5), which makes it possible to make a quantitative assessment of the subject's response time to light and sound stimuli. The device includes a device for presenting sound and light signals, recording the reaction time of the subject, structurally designed in the form of an experimenter's panel, and a device for removing stimuli, designed in the form of a subject's panel. The panels of the subject and the experimenter are located on opposite sides the device, which excludes eye contact between the researcher and the subject.

(foto) Fig. 5. "Temp" reaction time meter:
a - view from the side of the experimenter's panel; b - view from the side of the subject's panel
At the workplace, there is a team of students (listeners) consisting of three people, alternately performing the roles of a test subject, a recorder and an experimenter. Before performing the work, each member of the team measures the heart rate by palpation or with the help of the P-5 pulse monitor, after which he takes his place at the device and prepares for the task.

The experimenter turns on the device by setting the “Mains” switch to the “On” position, and makes sure that it is ready for operation (turning on) when the “Mains” light comes on. At this time, the subject gets acquainted with the location of the controls on the instrument panel and recalls the procedure for working with it. The recorder prepares the tables (Table 7).
Table 7
Experimental data of the subject

View irritant	Test serial number
	1	2	3	L	5	G	7	8	9	10
Shine
Sound

After the preparatory operations, the experimenter reminds of the actions of the subject and the recorder during the experiment and warns of the beginning of the test.
If it is necessary to supply a light signal, the experimenter presses one of the 6 buttons located in the horizontal part of the panel. In this case, a board-indicator of the appearance of a light signal is displayed above the pressed button, the electric stopwatch is turned on, and a light appears on the panel of the subject in one of the keys located under the inscription "Light". The test subject presses the luminous key, trying to do it as quickly as possible, while its glow stops, as well as the glow of the panel on the experimenter's panel. The stopwatch stops, the recorder takes the readings of the electric stopwatch and enters the data into the top row of the table, corresponding to the light signal in experiment 1. After that, the experimenter resets the indicators of the electric stopwatch by pressing the lever all the way, and the procedure is repeated.
If it is necessary to provide a sound signal, the operating procedure is similar to that considered, with the only difference that the experimenter puts the “Sound” switch in the “On” position. This turns on the bell and
is a beep. The subject must press the luminous key located under the inscription "Sound". In this case, the sound signal disappears, and the recorder enters the data into the top line of the record (reaction time to a sound stimulus).
The extreme mode of operation is created due to the emotional instructing the subject, for example, when the protocol operator or the experimenter tells him about poor response to a light (sound) signal and the requirement to respond faster.
The order of work of the team members remains the same, except that before responding to a stressful signal, heart rate indicators are taken from the subject, and the recorder enters the experiment data in the bottom line of the table of the corresponding signal (sound or light).
Experiment data processing
It is advisable to process experimental data using qualitative and quantitative methods.
Recommendations for processing experimental data.
1. Calculate the average value of the response time to a light signal under normal conditions (MS \u003d XC) using formula (1).
2. Calculate the average value of the response time to a sound signal under normal conditions (M3 \u003d X3), using formula (1).
3. Calculate the average value of the response time to a light or sound signal in extreme conditions (MSE \u003d CSE; mzz \u003d xze) using formula (1).
4. Calculate the correlation coefficient (R) of the response time to light and sound signals using formula (11).
5. Determine the correlation of the reaction under normal and extreme conditions (Doe), using the formula (11).
6. Evaluate the reliability of the differences in reaction time under normal and extreme conditions (Coe), using formula (8).
7. Assess the reliability of the differences in response to light and sound signals (Ksz), using formula (8).

Content of the report
1. Assignment.
2. Table with experimental data.
3. Calculation data of average values \u200b\u200bof reaction time, correlation coefficients, reliability of differences.
4. Analysis and interpretation of the results obtained.
5. Reasonable conclusions on the work and recommendations for the use of the results.
6. Date of laboratory work and signature of the contractor.

38 STUDY OF RESPONSE TIME

A response is the body's response to an external or internal stimulus. The reaction time is the time interval from the onset of the action of the stimulus to the occurrence of a response from the body.

Physiologists Z. Exner and F. Donders were the first to measure time using the mental components of the reaction. Z. Exner measured elementary mental reactions in stages: first auditory, then visual and skin.

He studied the features of measuring the primitive reaction depending on the age of the subjects, on the saturation of stimuli, the effect of fatigue, the effects of alcohol, etc. It was in the works of Z. Exner that the term "reaction time" arose.

While Z. Exner studied the determination of the time of nervous excitement in various parts of the reflex arc, another physiologist, F. Donders, proceeded to measure the direct mental link of a single reaction. He determined that the duration of the mental component of the reaction does not exceed 1/10 s; to clarify the result, F. Don-ders introduced such terms as the act of discrimination and the act of choice, which made it possible to calculate the reaction time more accurately.

There are two ways to study reaction times.

1. Measuring the time of an elementary mental reaction.

A mental response is a primitive sensory-motor response to a particular stimulus. The reaction time is formed from:

1) latent (latent) period;

2) delays in the course of mental processes, depending on the personal characteristics of the subjects. The boundaries of the delays for a light stimulus are 180-200 ms, for a sound one - 150-180 ms. Necessary devices: a meter of clearly going one after another reactions, a design for supplying light and sound signals.

Conducting research. The subject is placed directly in front of the device, holding his finger on the button. The instruction is provided: "When a sound or light signal appears, immediately press the button."

2. Research stages:

1) the atmosphere of complete silence and psychophysiological rest of the subject;

2) abstraction of the subject through the formation of conscious interference during the performance of sensorimotor reactions.

Each stage of the examination includes the performance of 10 sensorimotor reactions by the subjects - to sound and light stimuli with an interval of 3-5 s. The command is given beforehand: "Attention!" The time of reactions to each stimulus is recorded. After that, a second series of stimuli is presented, but already in conditions of interference - noises and sounds of various nature. The reaction time is also recorded.

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Objective- determination of the reaction time of a person. Acquaintance with the statistical processing of measurement results.

Devices and accessories: measuring system ISM - 1, remote control - button.

Introduction Processing the results of direct physical measurements

Physical measurements carried out with sufficiently accurate measuring instruments give values \u200b\u200bthat differ from the true value of the measured quantity. Moreover, deviations, both upward and downward, are equally probable. The measurement accuracy in the case of a small series of tests allows the Student's method to be evaluated. The measurement error is taken as the half-width of the confidence interval according to the formula

r
de τ (α, n) - student's coefficient for pmeasurements at confidence level α (a table of Student's coefficients is given in the appendix at the end of this collection),< x \u003e - the arithmetic mean of the measured value

where p -number of measurements.

The measurement result must be presented in a standard form

at α \u003d 0.95.

Installation summary

To measure time intervals in the laboratory of mechanics, the measuring system ISM - 1 is used, which has a fairly wide range of functions performed:

Measurement of time intervals between various events, including using photosensors;

measurement of lag time and phase difference of oscillations;

control of executive devices;

power supply of the motor or other devices with direct or alternating voltage.

The system controls are located on the front panel of the ISM-1 module (Fig. 1).

This work will require the following controls:

1 - indicator reflecting the event time in seconds or milliseconds, depending on the position of switch 2;

3 - indicators of activation of the corresponding sensors;

4 - switch for the number of measured cycles;

5 - switch for cyclic or single measurement of the time interval;

6 - button for manual on / off of the time meter; 7 - button for bringing the device to the ready state (reset);

8 - polarity switch of the device power supply (in this work it should be in the upper or lower position);

9 - gyroscope switch;

10 - device switch.

Laboratory work order

1. Connect the remote control button to connector # 1 located on the back of the device.

2. Set the device controls to the appropriate positions: a) switch for the number of measured cycles 4 - ": 1"; b) switch for cyclic or single measurement 5- "ONE-RUN"; c) gyroscope switch 9 - in the middle position.

3. Turn on the power to the instrument.

Prepare the device for measuring time intervals: press button 7 "READY".

One student picks up a remote control - a button, and the other presses the manual start button of the time meter 6.

The first student, having heard the sound signal of turning on the meter, presses the button of the remote control. The indicator shows the reaction time of the first student to the sound signal.

Enter the reaction time in the table. Repeat the measurement of the person's reaction time according to items 4 - 7 five to seven times.

	t i	t i - < t >	( t i - < t > ) 2

8. Calculate the average human reaction time using the formula:

where n - number of measurements.

9. Calculate the absolute error Δ t measurements by the formula:

where τ (α ,P) -student's coefficient depending on reliability α and the number of measurements p(see the appendix at the end of the collection).

1
0. Calculate the relative measurement error using the formula

11. Record the measurement result in standard form

, from
at α \u003d 0.95.

Invention lesson "Measurement of human reaction with the help of a ruler". How to measure human reaction time with a ruler? “The reaction time is the length from the beginning of the signal to the reaction of the human body to this signal. It depends on the age, fitness and well-being of the person. For example, the response time to an auditory signal is 0.12 - 0.14 s, and to a visual signal 0.13 - 0.15 s. The reaction time is one of the most important criteria for selecting drivers, operators, pilots and astronauts. " What do you think is your reaction time?

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"Measuring the reaction time of a person using a ruler lesson of invention"

Municipal budget educational institution

kerch city of the Republic of Crimea

"School number 25"

Development of an open physics lesson on the topic:

"MEASURING THE HUMAN RESPONSE TIME USING THE RULER"

Prepared by the teacher

physicists Drotenko I.N.

2017

Measuring human reaction time with a ruler.

A lesson in invention

Objectives:

Educational: learn how to measure the reaction time of a person using a ruler;

Developing: to promote the development of speech, thinking, cognitive and general educational skills: planning actions, preparing a workplace, documenting the results of work; promote learning scientific research: analysis and synthesis.

Educational: to form a conscientious attitude towards educational work, positive motivation for learning, communication skills; contribute to the education of humanity, discipline and mutual understanding when working in a group.

Equipment:rulers (wooden), microcalculators, tables, paper, glue.

During the classes

Introduction.

Teacher:How to measure human reaction time with a ruler?

(Students' statements)

Teacher: To answer this question, we must understand, what is the human reaction time? What is it equal to?

The encyclopedia says: “Reaction time is the length from the beginning of the signal to the reaction of the human body to this signal. It depends on the age, fitness and well-being of the person. For example, the response time to an auditory signal is 0.12 - 0.14 s, and to a visual signal 0.13 - 0.15 s. Reaction time is one of the most important criteria for selecting drivers, operators, pilots and astronauts. "

What do you think is your reaction time? Can you be an astronaut, pilot or operator?

To answer, you need to measure this time. It turns out that this is easy to do with an ordinary ... ruler. Can't believe it? But this is true, and we will be able to measure time with an accuracy of one thousandth of a second! Do you have any suggestion how to do this?

(Student Suggestions)

Teacher: Okay. So, to start making this device, let's recall some information from the kinematics, since in our work we will be based on them.

Reiteration.

Questions about kinematics:

Teacher:Well, now have you figured out how to measure a person's reaction time with a ruler?

(Students' statements)

The physical idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a device.

Let the vertically falling ruler fall freely (fingers open).

It will move downward uniformly with acceleration g.

If you catch the ruler right after the start of the fall, then by the area between the fingers (marks at the beginning and at the end) you can judge how long it fell.

This time is equal to the reaction time of a person.

It remains to connect the section of the path h and the time t of free fall.

Teacher:How to do it?

(Student Suggestions)

Writing on the board:

h \u003d \u003d t 2 \u003d \u003d t \u003d \u003d 0.447, because g 10 m / s 2

Teacher: Let's round off the decimal fraction to thousandths and we have the calculation formula:

t \u003d 0.447 (from)

Formula calculations and table filling.

Calculate options by yourself. Discussion and refinement of the results.

Manufacturing of the device.

Ruler graduation in accordance with tabular data.

Measurement of reaction time, comparison of results.

Homework.

Make a new beautiful ruler with a timeline according to the above table.