What types of syringes and injection needles are there? Medical syringes What are disposable syringes made of?

For the parenteral method of drug administration, syringes of the Record and Luer type (reusable and disposable) are used. The syringe consists of a hollow cylinder with a scale, a needle cone, a piston with a rod and a handle.

There are various types of reusable syringes(Fig.2):

· Fig. 2a - “Record” syringe. It has a glass cylinder, the output end of which is closed by a metal tip with a needle cone. At the other end of the cylinder there is the same metal rim made of stainless steel. The piston has the form of a short metal cylinder into which a metal rod with a flat handle is screwed.

· Rice. 2b - Luer syringe. All parts of this syringe are made of glass.

· Fig. 2c and Fig. 2d - tuberculin syringe and insulin syringe (combined). Available in 1.0 ml capacity.

· Fig.2d - combination syringe. This type of syringe is characterized by the presence of a tip with a cone made of metal; other parts of the syringe are made of glass.

· Fig. 2e - Janet syringe (syringe for rinsing cavities). Mainly used in urology and gynecology.

· syringe for single use in sealed packaging

a syringe tube filled with a medicinal substance

needleless injectors

The choice of syringe for injection depends on the type of injection and the amount of drug administered:

· for intravenous injections, syringes with a volume of 0.5-1.0 ml are used. (for example, tuberculin)

· for subcutaneous injections - 0.5-2.0 ml

· for IM injections - 2.0-10.0 ml

· for intravenous injections - 10.0-20.0 ml

Syringes are available in capacities/volumes of 0.5 ml, 1.0 ml, 2.0 ml, 5.0 ml, 10.0 ml, 20.0 ml.

rice. 2a Fig. 2b Fig. 2c Fig. 2d fig. 2d

Rice. 2. Types of syringes

injection needle- a hollow, narrow metal tube made of stainless steel. One end is obliquely cut and pointed for better penetration, and the other ends with a head (cannula) for connection to a syringe or elastic tube. Depending on the purpose, medical needles are divided into injection, puncture-biopsy and surgical. Injection needles are intended for administering drug solutions, drawing blood from a vein or artery, and blood transfusion. The outer diameter of the needle ranges from 0.4 to 2 mm, length - from 16 to 150 mm. The needle number corresponds to its size (for example, No. 0840 means that the needle diameter is 0.8 mm, length is 40 mm).

The following types of needles are distinguished: reusable:

Needle 15 mm long and 0.4 mm cross-section - for intravenous injections (0415)

Needle 20 mm long and 0.4-0.6 mm cross-section - for subcutaneous injections (0420)

Needle 40 mm long and 0.8 mm cross-section - for intravenous injections (0840)

Needle 40-60 mm long and 0.8-1 mm cross-section - for IM injections (1060)

The choice of needle diameter also depends on the consistency of the administered medicinal substance. For example, a Dufault needle is used for long-term transfusions of viscous liquids and blood, needles with a finger rest are intended for intradermal injections, and needles with a safety bead are used to limit the depth of insertion.

Currently mainly used disposable syringes and needles both Russian and foreign manufacturing companies. Their use dramatically reduces the risk of infectious complications, they are convenient and do not require prior sterilization.

Types of injection needles disposable

Type of injection	Needle diameter (mm)	Needle length(mm)	Cannula color Manufacturer
Intradermal (i.c.) Subcutaneous (s.c.)	0.33-0.5 - (insulin - s/c, tuberculin - i/c); 0.4 - 0.66 -s/c	12.0; 16.0 (subcutaneous insulin, intradermal tuberculin) 25.0;	Colorless, orange, blue (Russian); gray, brown, purple, blue (imported)
Intramuscular (i.m.)	0,7; 0,8; 0,9 0,6 - 0,7 1,1 - 1,5	38.0 - 40.0; 50.0; 60.0; 70.0 - with excess body weight 30.0 - 32.0 - in the thigh; 30.0 - 40.0 - for viscous solutions	Greens (Russian); black, green, yellow (imported)
Intravenous (IV)	0,8 1,5	38.0 - 40.0 38.0 - 40.0 - for taking donor blood	Green, red

Disposable syringes are divided into two large groups: two-component and three-component.

Three-component syringes Disposable needles

Two-component syringe consists of two parts: a cylinder and a piston, three-component syringe consists of three parts: a cylinder, a rubber piston and a plunger (piston pusher). Two-component disposable syringes are most often used in medical practice for subcutaneous, intramuscular and intravenous injections. These syringes have standard volumes - 2, 5, 10 and 20 ml. Three-component disposable syringes are available various sizes and with different types needle connection:

- Small volume syringes (0.3, 0.5 and 1 ml) used for precise administration of drugs in small volumes. They are used in endocrinology (insulin syringes - for subcutaneous administration of insulin), phthisiology (tuberculin syringes - for intradermal administration of tuberculin), neonatology, as well as for conducting allergy intradermal tests.

- Standard volume syringes (2, 5, 10 and 20 ml) with Luer connection, Luer-Lock is used in all areas of medicine for subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous and other injections (anesthesiology, intensive care, emergency medical services, disaster medicine). The Luer-Lock connection (a needle is screwed into a syringe) is especially valuable when introducing drugs into dense tissues (under the perichondrium, under the periosteum), when collecting biological material, as well as when administering drugs using infusion pumps (perfusers, infusion pumps). Such devices are used in anesthesiology, intensive care, oncology, neonatology, when slow dosed administration of drugs in small volumes over several hours or days is necessary.

- Large volume syringes (30, 50/60, 100 ml) with Luer connection, Luer-Lock with catheter end are very widely used in various areas medicine: syringes with a volume of 50/60 and 100 ml with a catheter connection type (Janet type) are convenient for feeding through a tube (in surgery, neurology, pediatrics), as well as for administering medications and solutions through catheters (urinary catheter, pleural drainage, lavage abscesses and cavities). Syringes with a volume of 30 and 50 ml with a Luer connection are convenient when intravenous administration of drugs in large dilutions is necessary.

- Light protection syringes are intended for the administration of drugs that are destroyed when exposed to light.

No one is safe from injections, not even the most healthy person Moreover, vaccinations are needed to keep us healthy. That is why the syringe is not only a symbol of fear, but also a symbol of health. As doctors say, the injection itself is not as dangerous as a low-quality syringe. Today, an injection can be made as painless as possible; the main thing is to choose the ideal device for this procedure.

In the mid-20th century, the most common medical syringes were made of glass and chrome-plated metal. The first disposable medical syringe made of plastic was invented by veterinarian Murdoch, but over time, this invention was appreciated not only by animals, but also by people: the medicine quickly reached any target, instantly absorbed into the blood. After some time, the medical syringe also acquired a seal for the piston: most often in the pharmacy you can find just such a device for injections. Today, medical syringes can be bought in a wide variety of sizes and designs. The main thing is to understand the patient’s needs and choose the highest quality medical devices.

Syringes: what are they?

Medical syringes are divided into several categories and according to several parameters.

• Position of the cone tip. A needle is attached to this cone on the syringe barrel. This situation could be:

a) Concentric or coaxial. In this case, the tip is located directly in the middle of the cylinder of the injection device. Typically, this position occurs with small-volume syringes for injection under the skin or into muscles.

b) Displaced or eccentric. The cone is located on the side of the cylinder. These are needed for blood collection.

• Needle fastening.

a) Integrated into the cylinder. There are also medical syringes, the volume of which is no more than one milliliter.

b) Luer. One of the most popular types of fastening. In this case, the needle is put on the part of the cylinder that protrudes. Characteristic for medical syringes of even the largest volumes.

c) Luer-lock. With it, a needle is “screwed” into a syringe. It is used in droppers, perfusers and infusion pumps, but is not very suitable for ordinary injections. But this is an ideal option for introducing drugs into hard tissues of cartilage or periosteum.

d) Catheter type. Suitable, for example, for feeding, drainage, rinsing abscesses, as well as for administering any medicine through a catheter.

• Design.

A) Two-component. They consist only of a piston and a cylinder, so the injection can be very prickly and painful.

B) Three-component. In order to remove maximum pain during the injection, it was enough to place a rubber seal on the piston. Because of this, the piston began to move more smoothly, and the parts of the medical syringe stopped rubbing against each other. All this helped relieve pain during and after the injection. For the same purposes, by the way, an atraumatic needle was created, which has a tip of three edges and is better polished. Thanks to this design, the muscle fibers do not tear, but only move apart and there is no pain. BogMark medical syringes are equipped with such a needle.

Advice: if you want to give an injection to a person for whom you want only the best, look at the quality of the syringe and its manufacturer. In order to avoid pain and children's tears, choose a three-component syringe from the best manufacturers, including, for example, the already mentioned BogMark, Plastipak, Omnifix. Make sure that the device is sterile. And be sure to pay attention to the volume of the syringe: the capabilities of this simple device and its purpose depend on it. For a child, you should also choose a needle with the smallest diameter.

What types of syringes are there by volume?

The volume of a medical syringe refers to the volume of its cylinder. The cylinder volume is small, standard and large. They all have their own purpose; they are unlikely to be capable of anything else.

We need to talk about the purpose of medical syringes of different sizes first of all, because otherwise you can make a mistake with the “capacity”.

• Syringes with the smallest volume. These include syringes with volumes such as 1 ml, 0.3, and ½ ml. They are needed, for example, in such branches of medicine as endocrinology (insulin syringe), phthisiology (medical tuberculin syringes), neonatology (for the little ones). Also, such miniature devices are used to conduct intradermal allergy testing and for vaccinations.
• Syringes with standard volume. These include all devices with a volume from two milliliters to 22. They are used in any branch of medicine and are used for procedures such as intravenous injections(they need a cylinder of 10-22 ml), intramuscular (using a cylinder of 2-6 milliliters), as well as subcutaneous (here you need a cylinder with a volume of three milliliters).
• The largest syringes. This refers to those whose cylinder has the largest volume. These include thirty-milliliter devices. And also having a “displacement” of 60.50 and 100 ml. The largest syringe is most often needed to rinse cavities, suck out liquids and introduce nutrient media.

Advice. Whatever procedure you do, follow the basic rules for performing an injection: be sure to wash your hands, put on gloves, and first treat the injection site with an alcohol swab. And first the entire zone, then the area where the injection will be done. The needle is inserted at an angle equal to half a straight line.

Disinfection of disposable syringes - processing rules Syringe pistol Kalashnikov for injection

A disposable syringe consists, just like a glass one, of a cylinder and a piston rod (collapsible or non-dismountable). The cylinder has a Luer-type cone tip (Record syringes can be produced upon request, they are practically not produced), a finger rest and a graduated scale. The rod-piston assembly consists of a rod with a stop, a piston with a seal and a reference line.

Depending on the structure of the piston rod, the design of disposable syringes

are divided into 2-component (Fig.) and 3-component (Fig.). In 2-component syringes, the rod and piston are a single unit; in 3-component syringes, the rod and piston are separated. The main functional difference between these designs is the characteristics of lightness and smooth movement of the piston. Disposable syringes can also be coaxial and eccentric (Fig. 18), which is determined by the position of the cone tip.

Rice. 18. Disposable syringes, coaxial (1) and eccentric (2)

Fig. 19. Disposable eccentric syringes.

The capacity of syringes is determined by their purpose and ranges (GOST) from 1 to 50 ml. In practice, the range of volumes of disposable syringes ranges from 0.3 to 60 ml. Syringes volume 0.3; 0.5 and 1.0 ml are used for precise administration of medications (tuberculin, insulin, standard allergen extracts) in small volumes - from 0.01 ml.

The industry produced sterilizer cases for storing and sterilizing syringes. They were sometimes called syringe packs. They were very widespread in various field conditions. Today they have been replaced by disposable syringes, but you can still encounter them in your practice.

Fig.20. Sterilizer cases for storing and sterilizing glass syringes.

Medical needles

Piercing or piercing-cutting instruments in the form of a thin rod or tube with a pointed end. In addition, they produce special ligature needles .

Depending on the purpose, medical needles are divided into:

ü injection,

ü puncture biopsy,

ü surgical.

injection needles

Injection needles are intended for administering drug solutions, drawing blood from a vein or artery, and blood transfusion. They are used together with syringes, as well as systems for transfusion of liquids or blood. An injection needle is a narrow metal tube made of certain types of steel, one end of which is cut and sharpened, and the other is tightly attached to a short metal coupling for connection to a syringe or elastic tube (the internal diameter of the head opening for Record syringes is 2.75 mm, for Luer type syringes - 4 mm). Sterile disposable injection needles are becoming increasingly common. Their use dramatically reduces the risk of infectious complications, they are convenient and do not require prior sterilization. The main significant parameters of the needle are length, outer diameter, sharpening angle and puncture force. Needles have different lengths (from 16 to 90 mm) and diameters (from 0.4 to 2 mm):

ü for intradermal injection, a needle with a length of 16 mm and a diameter of 0.4 mm is used,

ü for subcutaneous injection, a needle with a length of 25 mm and a diameter of 0.6 mm is used,

ü for intravenous injection, a needle with a length of 40 mm and a diameter of 0.8 mm is used,

ü For intramuscular injection, a needle 60 mm long and 0.8-1 mm in diameter is used.

In practice, a needle of maximum length 38 (40) mm provides intramuscular injection of the drug into the area of ​​the superolateral quadrant of the buttock in 15% of men and 5% of women. (rice.)

Rice. 21. Needles for injections, infusions, transfusions: a - injection needle (1 - needle tube, 2 - needle head, 3 - mandrin, 4 - dagger sharpening, 5 - spear sharpening, b - needle cut angle); b - needle with stop for intradermal injections; c - needle with safety bead; d - needle with side holes for air release; d - attachment to an injection needle for connection to blood transfusion systems, etc.; e - transition cannula for injection needles; g - Dufault needle for blood transfusion; h - needle for drawing blood.

The cutting angle of injection needles ranges from 15 to 45° depending on the task of execution:

ü 15-18° for injection needles,

ü 30° at needles for inserting catheters into a vein, for spinal puncture,

ü 30 and 45° for needles with a short bevel for introducing radiopaque agents

The needles have a spear- or dagger-shaped sharpening. The outer diameter of the needle ranges from 0.4 to 2 mm, length - from 16 to 150 mm. The needle number corresponds to its size (for example, No. 0840 means that the needle diameter is 0.8 mm, length is 40 mm).

Fig.22. A - disposable needles with

different designs of cannulas with a case.

B - various options for sharpening needles,

produced by industry.

An IV needle is cut at a 45° angle, while a hypodermic needle has a sharper bevel angle. The needles should be very sharp, without jagged edges. (Fig. 21). The needle point is sharpened in 3 planes (spear-shaped sharpening), which ensures that the piercing effect prevails over the cutting effect when piercing tissue. The protective cap protects the needle from external damage and ensures safety when handling it. On the packaging, the type of needle cut is indicated by a special symbol ©. In this case, the needle has a medium bevel length and is intended for intradermal administration of drugs.

The characteristics of the injection needle are important. The ease of tissue penetration (penetrating force), the accuracy of hitting certain anatomical structures, the stability of the needle position in the vessels, the degree of tissue trauma, and therefore the pain of the injection, depend on them. The listed characteristics of the needle in certain cases, along with the cost, determine the choice of the entire set (syringe + needle).

A good injection needle has the following requirements:

ü minimum force for puncture,

ü longitudinal resistance to bending (elasticity),

ü strength, stability of connections with the syringe,

ü minimal roughness of the outer surface and sharpening area.

Puncture force

The force required for puncture is determined by various factors, including design and manufacturing. This indicator depends on the shape and quality of the needle tip and cut, as well as on its diameter and special surface coating. A poor-quality cut can capture microfragments of the skin. With an increase in needle diameter from 0.5 mm (insulin syringe needle - orange cannula) to 0.8 mm (standard needle - green cannula), the puncture force increases by 1.5 times. Better glide of the needle at the moment of puncture is achieved by applying a silicone coating to the surface of the needle, which is used by most manufacturers, including large domestic ones.

Packaging of needles

The packaging of needles must provide:

ü maintaining the sterility of the contents when stored in dry, clean, properly ventilated areas;

ü minimal risk of contamination of the contents at the time of opening;

ü adequate protection of the contents under normal conditions of storage and transportation;

ü creating conditions under which an opened package cannot be resealed without much effort, and the fact of opening is obvious.

In addition to the primary packaging, there must be a secondary rigid one that protects the contents. On the packaging of needles, in addition to information about the manufacturer and supplier (name and trademark) and contents, they indicate: “best before..” (English - exp. date), and then the day, month and year of manufacture. Full details of the manufacturer or supplier are included on the secondary packaging. The packaging must remain intact during transportation (temperature from -50 to +50°C) in vehicles protected from precipitation and storage at temperatures from -5 to 40°C in heated and ventilated rooms. The packaging is sensitive to moisture. The susceptibility of domestic syringe packages to getting wet during short contact with water can be determined by paper density, print quality, and the presence of voluminous accompanying information. Domestic analogues of packaging are more resistant to moisture. Foreign-made syringe packages are more prone to getting wet.

When choosing injection devices, you should give preference to syringes in a package consisting of two parts, since when the paper part of the package is torn, fibers of packaging paper are found on the syringe parts and the needle. If the package consists of two parts, you must follow the opening method indicated on it.

Medical syringe

Syringe- a medical instrument intended for injections, diagnostic punctures, and suction of pathological contents from cavities.

Operating principle

When the syringe piston is raised, if its needle is placed in a vessel with liquid, a vacuum is created between it and the surface. Liquid from the vessel rushes there because atmospheric pressure acts on it.

Description

Reusable syringe, 5 ml with glass cylinder and other chromed metal parts.

Typically, a syringe is a hollow graduated cylinder with a cone on which a needle is mounted, and an open end through which a piston with a rod is inserted into the cylinder.

In the 1980s, single-use syringes (SHOP, colloquially known as: disposable syringes ), almost entirely made of plastic, with the exception of the needle, which is still made of stainless steel. The syringe also has large number slang names in the slang of drug addicts.

Syringe tubes are also used ( English) for single administration of drugs. But, as a rule, the syringe should be disposable - it is sterile

Basic rules of use

Since the syringe comes into contact with blood during use, attention should be paid to the sterility of the syringe:

• before using a disposable syringe, you must ensure that the packaging is intact;
• Reusable syringes are thoroughly boiled before use.

To carry out the injection, the syringe needle is placed in the container with the drug, after which the required amount of the drug is drawn into the syringe barrel by moving the piston towards itself. Before performing the injection, you should make sure that there are no air bubbles in the drug drawn into the syringe. To do this, the syringe is directed upward with the needle and with a slight movement of the piston, air is expelled from the syringe along with part of the drug. The skin at the injection site must be wiped with alcohol. Subsequently, depending on the type of injection, the needle is injected into the patient’s vein, under the skin, either inside the skin or inside the muscle, after which the movement of the piston moves the medicine from the syringe into the patient’s body.

History of creation

The origin of the syringes is almost impossible to trace. It is known that they were in Europe around the 13th century, but no one has yet been able to find out where and how they were used before. They were made from a translucent bovine bladder, to which was attached a sharp thin tip made of wood or copper. An incision was made in the patient's muscle or vein with a knife, after which the tip was quickly inserted.

Despite the fact that intravenous injections have been carried out since the mid-17th century, the syringe, as we know it today, was invented only in 1853 by veterinarian Charles Gabriel Pravaz and Alexander Wood, independently from each other.

The first syringes were made from a rubber cylinder, inside of which was placed a well-fitted piston made of leather and asbestos with a metal pin sticking out. A hollow needle was fixed at the other end of the cylinder. Since the cylinder was opaque, notches for dosing the medicine were made not on it, but on the metal pin of the piston.

Confectionery syringe

a plastic cylinder with a volume of 200 to 2000 cm3 (2 l) with a piston and an outlet, designed for placing and squeezing out various creams, mainly used for decorating pastries and cakes. The syringe has a set of cornets with different cross-sections and profiles and are mounted at the inlet through which the cream is squeezed by a piston onto the surface of the confectionery product. The most convenient for work are liter syringes, which ensure continuity of work with one cake. Small syringes are extremely inconvenient, since they have to be filled frequently, not only interrupting the work, but also interrupting the uniform thickness (intensity) of the pattern applied through the cornets on the cake, which spoils appearance products

Technical syringe

Technical syringe Designed for introducing liquid or grease into the components of machines and mechanisms, as well as for applying glue, sealant and other viscous substances to various surfaces. The design of a technical syringe is similar to that of a medical syringe, but differs in its large size and (often) the presence of a lever mechanism for driving the piston. As a rule, units that are lubricated using a syringe have a special unit - a grease nipple with a check valve that prevents lubricant from leaking after the syringe is disconnected. There are disposable (factory filled with working fluid) and rechargeable (filled by the consumer) technical syringes.

Types of disposable syringes used in Russia

See also

Sources

Links

• Official website of the inventor of the world's first self-locking syringe (in English)

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Synonyms:

See what “Syringe” is in other dictionaries:

A small syringe used with medical purposes. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Pavlenkov F., 1907. SYRINGE German. Spritze. Small hand pump for injection. Explanation of 25,000 foreign words included in... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

A; m. [German] Spritze] A medical instrument in the form of a cylinder with a piston and a hollow needle for administering medicine under the skin, into muscles, veins, etc. or for sucking liquid contents from cavities. * * * syringe (German: Spritze, from spritzen to splash),… … Encyclopedic Dictionary

SYRINGE, syringe, man. (German: Spritze). A device for subcutaneous injections in the form of a cylinder equipped with a piston and a hollow needle. Dictionary Ushakova. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

SYRINGE, a, plural. y, ev and (colloquial) y, ov, husband. A medical instrument is a cylinder with a piston and a needle for injecting or suctioning liquids. | adj. syringe, oh, oh. Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 … Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

Shirka, laiba, bayan Dictionary of Russian synonyms. syringe noun, number of synonyms: 12 button accordion (17) Germanism ... Dictionary of synonyms

Today, syringes with volumes from 0.3 to 150 ml are produced. It is widely believed that they differ only in the number of cubes in the cylinders; this is not true: there is a difference in design features. It is explained by the difference in the purpose of the syringes. At the same time, there is no strict dependence of the size on the type of cannula, that is, needle.

Indeed, with a smaller volume syringe, smaller needles are usually used. But there can be several subtypes of these needles for each syringe size, for example, a “five” syringe can be produced with a needle 0.7X40 mm, or 0.8X40 (where 0.7 and 0.8 mm are the outer diameter of the needle, and 40 mm - length of the metal part). To understand the volume of syringes, we have prepared a table and photo.

Small-volume syringes (0.3; 0.5; 1 ml) are needed when it is important to administer a drug with a volume of up to 1 milliliter and an error of one tenth (hundredth) of the dose can have a dramatic effect. Syringes of this volume are used by diabetics or for intradermal allergy tests.

Medium-volume syringes (2; 3; 5; 10; 20 ml) are the most common sizes. They are used for injections of all types (intramuscular, intravenous, subcutaneous) and are available with both types of needle fastenings: Luer Lock, Luer Slip.

Large-volume syringes (30, 50, 60, 100 ml) with a Luer Lock connection (since the drug is administered under pressure) are used in infusion pumps and perfusors (syringe pumps - devices that allow, for example, in addition to the drug from a dropper, to administer medicine from syringe at a certain set speed).

The same volumes of syringes, but with a catheter connection, are more often used for feeding through a tube, administering medications through the urinary canals and drainages, and washing abscesses and cavities.