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Latin Russian dictionary online. Russian-Latin online translator and dictionary Explanatory dictionary of the Latin language online

The only one dead language, which continues to be in active use. Usually languages fall out of use and become dead due to being replaced by other languages. This was the case with the Coptic language, which replaced , the dialects of the indigenous people of America replaced , and . In most cases, dead languages are not used at all and are preserved only in written monuments.

Latin remains active, although in limited use. Other examples of this use are Sanskrit, Avestan and some other languages. There are examples raising the dead languages, for example, and Manx.

Latin is the progenitor of the Italian branch of Indo-European languages. Currently Latin is official language , Order of Malta and the Roman Catholic Church. Many words in European languages and international vocabulary come from Latin.

History of Latin

This language received its name from the Latin tribe from the Latium region, located in the middle of the Apennine Peninsula. According to legend, here are Romulus and Remus in the 8th century BC. e. founded the eternal city. Along with the expansion of the territories of the Roman state, the Latin language. By the 5th century AD, when the Western Roman Empire fell, Latin was the international means of communication throughout the conquered lands of the Mediterranean. The influence was somewhat less in its colonies, in Sicily and the south of the Apennines.

Latin was perhaps the most developed European language of the period, with a rich lexical composition spanning both abstract concepts, harmonious grammar, brevity of definitions.

The entire history of Latin is divided into several periods:

Archaic – VI–IV centuries BC. e.
Preclassical – III–II centuries BC. e. This is the period of development of the literary form of the language, embodied in the works of Terence, Plautus, and Cato the Elder.
Golden Age - 1st century BC e. The rise of the Latin language under Emperor Augustus. Classical Latin has become complete, and this is evidenced by the works of Cicero, Horace, Ovid, and Virgil.
Silver Age – 1st century AD e. Classical Latin was influenced by the languages of the colonies, which resulted in a slight decline in the standards of the literary language.
Vulgar Latin developed during the Middle Ages. Many new words came into the language; the language of that period is called “kitchen Latin.”
The era of humanism of the 14th–17th centuries once again brought Latin closer to the “gold standard”. But the gap between classical Latin and its vulgar version was increasingly widening. In Italy of that period, society experienced many evolutionary upheavals and this strengthened the position of the Latin language. The Renaissance elevated Latin to a cult, the language was glorified and studied, treatises were written about it and sung in literary works. At the same time, the simplification of Latin and the translation of books written in this language into Italian are clearly visible.

Latin still remained the language of science, but Galileo Galilei, by his own example, forced scientists to switch to the vernacular. TO XVIII century the use of Latin was narrowed to the fields of science and diplomacy.

The French Revolution was the impetus for the removal of Latin from universities, and now teaching was carried out in new languages. In the 19th century, Latin almost completely fell out of use, remaining an instrument scientific research classical philologists and physicians. The next century ousted Latin from the Catholic Church after allowing services to be conducted in national languages.

In the modern world, Latin is used by doctors, biologists, and philologists. Majority scientific terms came to us from Latin, and it turned into an international scientific language.

All modern Romance languages were formed from spoken Latin. Thus, learning Latin allows you to understand several European languages.
The word "coin" in Latin means "counselor". This was the name of the Roman goddess Juno, near whose temple there were workshops that minted money. Advisor Juno gave the name to metallic money, and in English language money in general – money.
Latin words always have the same meaning, which makes their use very convenient for scientific terminology.
Pronunciation of classical Latin and modern language are completely different, but since the language is used mainly in writing, this does not matter.
Latin is the common ancestor of all Romance languages. However, these languages have significant differences, which is explained by at different times penetration of a language into a particular territory. Over time, Latin changed, and local languages, in interaction with Latin, created new forms.
Traces of Latin in British place names can be seen in the names of cities containing -chester or -castle, which means a fortification or military camp (Manchester, Lancaster, Newcastle, Lincoln, etc.).
The increased penetration of Latin into European languages began during the time of Peter I. Although in Old Russian language There have already been borrowings directly from Latin go through: bath, chamber, mint, cherry.

We guarantee acceptable quality, since texts are translated directly, without using a buffer language, using technology

The second edition of the Latin-Russian Dictionary has been significantly expanded, mainly due to the inclusion of vocabulary from monuments of late Latin. It makes it possible to read and translate all the main works of Roman literature, historical works and legal documents that have survived to this day, as well as the most important works of Christian patristics and some special works written in Latin before the middle of the 7th century AD. e.
All words and examples in the dictionary are provided with an indication of the main authors in whose works they appear.

A, and the first letter Latin alphabet; in abbreviations: A. (Aulus Aulus (praenomen); A. (Augustus) August; A. Augusta; A. (annus) year; A.A.A. (aurum, argentum, aes) gold, silver, copper; a . (antiquo or abdfco) I reject, reject, vote against the new proposal (mark during written voting in the committees) or (absolvo) justify (mark on the tables during written voting of judges, therefore - littera salutari): a.d. (ante diem): a ,d. VIII Kalendas Novembres 7 days before the Kalends of November; a.i.s. (ab urbe condita) from the founding of Rome or (anno urbis conditae) a year from the founding of Rome; A. (auditor) - in Tusc. Disp. S (as opposed to M - magister).

I a, ab, (preferably before te) ads praep. sieve 1. space:
1) from, from the surroundings, from: ab urbe Cs. SI etc. from the city, from the city limits; ab Gergovia dis-cedere Cs move away from Gergovia; a sole recedеre With move away from (so as not to obscure) the sun; legati ab Ardea venerunt L ambassadors came from Ardea; distare (or abesse PI etc.) a loco Hirt, L to be at (some) distance (or distance) from (some) place; procul a mari Cs far from the sea; non longe a Syracusis L not far from Syracuse; prope ab Italia L near Italy; a miiibus passuum duobus Cs at two thousand steps; a pectore V from the depths of the soul, from (the whole) heart; ad carcferes a calce revocari pogov. To return from the end to the beginning, that is, to start life again; venit a se PI, Teg came from home (from his house); usque aCapitolio The cell of the Capitol itself;

2) from, at, from the side, on, in, to: Gallia attingit flumen Rhenum ab Helvetils Cs Gallia reaches (extends to) the Rhine River at the Helvetian border (from the Helvetians); ab Sequanis Cs from the sequa iove side; a porta Cs at the gate, but also. P1 counting from the gate; a dextro cornu Cs etc." on the right flank (wing); a latere Cs etc. on the side; a fronte Cs etc. in front; a tergo Cs etc. behind; ab occasu et ortfl solis L from the west and from the east (in the west and in the east).

Free download e-book in a convenient format, watch and read:
Download the book Latin-Russian Dictionary, Dvoretsky I.Kh., 1976 - fileskachat.com, fast and free download.

Problems in mathematics and physics offered at the entrance exams in 1974-76, Nikolsky Yu.S., Fedosov B.V., Chekhlov V.I., Kozel S.M., Belonuchkin V.E., Shelagin A.V. ., 1977
Literary reading, grade 4, Workbook No. 2, for the textbook by L.F. Klimanova, V.G. Goretsky and others. “Literary reading. 4th grade. At 2 o’clock,” Tikhomirova E.M., 2020
Fundamentals of mathematical modeling and optimization of processes and systems for air purification and regeneration, Dvoretsky S.I., Matveev S.V., Putin S.B., Tugolukov E.N., 2008

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The publication consists of Latin-Russian (approx. 13 thousand words) and Russian-Latin (approx. 15 thousand words) dictionaries. The Latin-Russian dictionary contains the most commonly used vocabulary of the Latin language from both the ancient and medieval periods, which allows it to be used for reading almost any Latin-language literature. The Russian-Latin Dictionary also includes concepts not only of ancient and medieval Latin, but also of modern times and modernity. Therefore, the dictionary will be useful for those who study the language of Caesar and Cicero, Petrarch and Thomas Aquinas, and for those who are trying to create their own Latin texts. For high school and university students studying Latin, for linguists and everyone interested in ancient and modern languages.

The work belongs to the genre Dictionaries. On our website you can download the book "Latin-Russian and Russian-Latin dictionary" in fb2, rtf, epub, pdf, txt format or read online. The book's rating is 3.77 out of 5. Here, before reading, you can also turn to reviews from readers who are already familiar with the book and find out their opinion. In our partner's online store you can buy and read the book in paper version.

To obtain transliteration (transcription) of Latin words online, enter/paste a word or text in Latin (up to 200 characters) and, if necessary, click the Translit button.

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Features of transliteration (transcription) of words/text in Latin

Latin characters of any case are processed; the result is given in lowercase Russian letters:

The following Latin characters with accents are processed: ā ē ī ō ū ; â ê î ô û ; ă ĕ ĭ ŏ ŭ ; ǎ ǐ ǒ ǔ ě ; œ æ ; ў ỹ ȳ ; e:

Latin letter j in all positions it is transmitted as [th]. The possibility of using a letter is taken into account i instead of j.

In the transliteration results the sign G conveys fricative sound [γ] , sign ў - non-syllable sound [y]. Settings allow you to use instead of a sign G signs G or X, instead of the sign ў - sign V. For Android devices instead G the default is [ h].

The Tradition settings set allows you to transliterate Latin words according to traditional rules (using the settings you can change any option). In particular:

s, c, combinations ti;
positional variants of reading combinations are not taken into account ns, sm, consoles ex-;
combinations qu, ngu [kv], [ngv]:
combinations ae, oe transliterated as [e]:

The Classic settings set allows you to transliterate Latin words according to classical rules (using the settings you can change any option). In particular:

positional variants of reading letters are not taken into account s, c, combinations ti, ns, sm, consoles ex-;
combinations qu, ngu before u transliterated as [ku], [ngu], in other cases - as [kv], [ngv];
combination ae transliterated as [e], oe- How [ӭ] :

use u instead of instead of v not supported:

The Medicine settings set allows you to transliterate Latin words according to the rules adopted for reading medical, biological, and chemical Latin terms (using the settings you can change any option). In particular:

positional options for reading letters are taken into account s, c, combinations ti, ns, sm, consoles ex-;
combinations qu, ngu before all vowels are transliterated as [kv], [ngv]:
combinations ae, oe transliterated as [e]:

In “Tradition”, “Classic” modes in words of Greek origin s between vowels is processed correctly only in the following cases:

If after there are combinations in the word th, ph, rh, ch, sm or letters y, z;
if the word contains Greek term elements taken into account in the script:

Use the rule:

In words of Greek origin, the formal features of which are letters y, z and combinations th, ph, rh, ch, sm letter s between vowels is always read as [With]: hypophysis [hypophysis].

Reading options at the junction of morphemes are taken into account in the following cases:

in word forms sua:

in forms on -nti-um:

in comparative degree forms -t-ior-:

in combination eu at the end of a word before m, s:

in forms on -e-und-:

if the word contains prefixes, term elements, words taken into account in the script:

The accents are not placed.

Use the rules:

In words of two or more syllables, the stress is never placed on the last syllable.
In words of two syllables, the emphasis is on the first syllable: ró-sa [rose].
In words of three syllables, the place of stress is determined by the penultimate syllable: