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Material from lexicon ks. Euro-Arctic region Barents Which countries are included in the Barents region

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Essay

EuroArctic region Barentsevo

management public Barents cooperation

The main goals of regional cooperation were set out in the Barents Program developed at the beginning of 1994, which is subject to appropriate adjustments on individual points every year. As for the main areas of cooperation, they boil down to the following points:

Ensuring peaceful and stable development in the region;

Reducing military tension;

Strengthening existing and establishing new bilateral and multilateral relations in the region;

Creating a framework for economic and social development of the region, with a special emphasis on active and targeted management of resources and reducing the gap between the living standards of the East and West;

Reducing environmental threats and protecting health;

Maintaining the culture of the indigenous peoples of the region (Sami and Nenets) and involving them in active participation in the development of the region;

Development of science, technology, culture and tourism;

Inclusion of the Euro-Arctic region in the network of European communication transport routes and development of regional infrastructure.

History of formation

The history of the Euro-Arctic Barents Region (hereinafter referred to as BEAR) as a public-state formation goes back less than 7 years. Torvald Stoltenberg is rightfully considered the most consistent founding father of BEAR, former minister Foreign Affairs of Norway. BEAR was created on January 11, 1993 in Kirkenes (Norway), where at a meeting of the foreign ministers of Russia, Denmark, Norway, Finland, Iceland, Sweden and in the presence of representatives of the Commission of the European Community, as well as observers from the USA, Canada, France , Germany, Japan, Poland and Great Britain, a Declaration of Cooperation was signed and the creation of the Barents Euro-Arctic region was proclaimed. Their leaders and a representative of the indigenous Sami people signed an agreement on regional cooperation on the same day and created a Regional Council. Recognition by states of the need for the participation of indigenous peoples in decisions affecting their interests is becoming a generally accepted norm in international law. Initially, the Barents region included the extreme northern regions of Russia: Arkhangelsk and Murmansk, and the northern regions of Scandinavia and Finland (the provinces of Lappland in Finland, Troms, Finnmark and Nordland in Norway, Norrbotten in Sweden). Later it was joined by the Republic of Karelia (1994), the Nenets National District (1997), Oulu District (Finland) and Vasterbotten (Sweden, 1998). BEAR includes Denmark, Iceland and the EU as associate members. In addition, Canada, France, Japan, Great Britain, Poland, and Germany received observer status.

BEAR management bodies at the central and regional levels

Central level:

Barents Council (foreign ministers)

Committee of Senior Officials - Case Preparation Body (CSO)

Secretarial functions in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the chairing country

Working groups on the Northern Sea Route, economic cooperation and ecology.

Regional level:

Regional Council (governors and chairmen of provincial councils)

Regional Committee

Working groups on Culture, General education, Higher Education and Science, Indigenous Issues, Agriculture, Development of Peripheral Areas and Reindeer Husbandry, Industry and Economics, Women's Issues, Environmental Protection, Health and Communications

National secretariats in Kirkenes, Luleå and Murmansk

Recipient of the project results

Performers of individual projects

The chairmanship of the BEAC lasts for a year and is transferred to the countries of the Barents region (Finland, Norway, Sweden and Russia).

The chairmanship of the Regional Council is carried out for 2 years and is transferred in turn to each of the participating regions.

Collaborative work in the Barents region is structured in such a way that the Barents Council and the KSDL at the central level and the Regional Council, Regional Committee and working groups at the regional level do not play the main role as Customers. They also do not have common funds in the form of economic resources to carry out transactions. The work is based on the principle of attracting participants to work within the program and with the aim of raising funds directly from financial organizations in different countries or international authorities.

Barents Euro-Arctic Council

SBEAR was created in 1993 to support and develop regional cooperation in northern Sweden, Norway, Finland and northwestern Russia.

SBEAR supports sustainable economic and social development in the Barents region, and thus contributes to the peaceful development of northern Europe. The leadership of the Council alternates between Norway, Finland, Russia and Sweden.

Barents Euro-Arctic Council(SBEAR) is a forum for intergovernmental cooperation issues affecting the Barents region. The SBEAR meets at the level of foreign ministers in the country of the chairman at the end of his term of office. At each meeting, the date and place of the next meeting are determined. The agenda is adopted at a meeting of the Council at the proposal of the organizing country based on consultations with other participants.

The chairmanship is carried out on a rotating basis between Finland, Norway, Russia and Sweden. Norway took over from Sweden in October 2003 for the period 2003-2005, with leadership then transferred to Finland for 2005-2007, and 2007-2009. - Russia. The costs of holding Council meetings are borne by the host party. Council meetings at ministerial level are conducted in one of the Nordic languages, Russian and English.

The main working body of the SBEAR is the Committee of Senior Officials, which meets every 1-2 months and submits reports to the annual session of the SBEAR. The activities of the Council do not duplicate or replace work already underway on a bilateral or multilateral basis.

To carry out ongoing practical work in the main areas of cooperation within the SBEAR, working and task groups have been formed that regularly submit reports on their activities to the Committee of Senior Officials, as well as reports on the results of the year.

SBEAR includes 7 permanent members - Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, as well as the Commission of the European Communities.

Nine states - Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Poland, Great Britain and the USA - have observer status.

Main current documents and programs

§ Declaration of Cooperation in the Barents Euro-Arctic Region

On January 11, 1993, a conference on cooperation in the Barents region was held in Kirkenes, Norway. The conference was attended by foreign ministers and representatives of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russian Federation, Sweden, as well as the European Union Committee. The conference was also attended by observers from the United States of America, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Poland and Great Britain.

The conference participants expressed confidence that expanded cooperation in the Barents region will contribute to stabilization and progress in the region and in Europe as a whole, where today partnership is replacing the confrontation and borders of the past. They also believe that such cooperation will contribute to the development of peace and security.

The purpose of the council is to promote the continuous development of the region, taking into account the principles and recommendations set out in the Rio Declaration and Agenda 21 of UNCED. Thus, the council will discuss issues of bilateral and multilateral cooperation in the fields of economics, trade, science and technology, tourism, environment, infrastructure, exchange programs in the field of education and culture, as well as projects aimed at improving the situation of the indigenous peoples of the north.

§ Exchange program in the field higher education And scientific research within the Barents Euro-Arctic Region

§ cApplication « Existing programs in higher education and research »

At the meeting of the Barents Euro-Arctic Council, held in Luleå on 19-20 January 1998, the Foreign Ministers adopted a declaration outlining the role of the exchange program in these areas.

The purpose of this exchange program is to ensure that the resources that are already being used within the framework of cooperation in BEAR are being used in the best possible way.

An exchange program should not be intended solely for individual students, but should function as a tool for permanent workers educational organizations Region. It is expected that the program (both existing programs and new agreements) should include more than just student exchange. In addition to this, the program should include the exchange of teachers, researchers between educational institutions Russia and the Nordic countries. The creation of a regional network in the field of education and research is the main factor guaranteeing social development and stability of the Region.

Thus, the countries agreed to focus their attention on achieving the following goals:

Student exchange should be intensified research assistants, academic and administrative staff as an integral part of educational and scientific cooperation between institutions.

Necessary further development connections between institutions.

Further development of information and communication technologies is also necessary to distance learning with the aim of developing cooperation in the field of higher education and scientific research.

Conferences and seminars should be held to disseminate information about the program and the preparation of specific projects.

The program must include field work and internships.

All existing projects in higher education and research in the Nordic countries, including the Nordic Council of Ministers grant programme, can be used to achieve these common objectives.

§ Youth program of the Barents region. 2003 -2 006

At its meeting on September 5, 2001, the Barents Regional Council decided to develop a youth program for the Barents region. This was done at the direct request of the Barents Regional Youth Forum (BRUF

The goal of the program is to create framework conditions:

To improve the living conditions of young people in the Barents region by giving youth issues a priority in the Barents cooperation;

For increasing youth participation in core activities within the contact networks of the Barents Region;

To pay more attention to youth issues in various priority areas of cooperation;

To strengthen young people's sense of belonging to the Barents region by establishing contacts across cultural and geographical boundaries;

To make the Barents region more attractive to young people by improving their living conditions so that young people stay in the region or return to the region after finishing their studies.

§ Action Plan for Cultural Cooperation in the Barents Region 2003 -2 006 yy .

This action plan is based on the experience of cooperation in the field of culture within the Barents region, which began in 1993 and has thus lasted for 10 years.

Goals: - to make the Barents region culturally visible in international communications and thus contribute to economic development;

To make the northern regions more visible from a European perspective, two strategies are required. On the one hand, to initiate a sense of individuality among the population in the region through various cultural projects. Presentation of results in various forms to as many people as possible is a prerequisite for the creation of a common identity.

On the other hand, it is necessary to present our specific cultural traits, which at the same time are expressed in the diversity of individuals within the European framework. Thus, the northern areas will sound in regional Europe, the northern direction will move forward among the population and “for the rest.” A corollary of these intentions is that projects should reflect both common features northern regions, unique in comparison with the rest of the world, and at the same time strive to show the diversity of worlds in this large, sporadically inhabited area. To achieve success, we need to take as a starting point those art forms and cultural forms, the environment, where we have an advantage and / or are competitive. An example of such a project in an action plan, which both stimulates the creation of a common identity and identifies specific features in relation to the rest of the world, is the photo project: “cities of the Barents region”. This kind of artistic communication will expand knowledge about the region, which, in turn, will lead to a positive impact on the industrial life of the region.

Create places for new cultural meetings where people can interact different people, especially young people of both sexes;

Historical contradictions, a recent past marked by conflicts, mean that interaction through real meetings between people is a precondition for the fact that concepts of the past, myths and political contradictions are pushed aside. In the process of creating something together, understanding each other is based on own experience as opposed to opinions and judgments about reality sold by the media. Groups of artists within different artistic directions are central groups when it is desirable to create arenas for interaction. Despite the different traditions in artistic practice, the intention should always be to create thematic statements of problems for such meetings, so that the results are artistically interesting on an international scale. The New Potatoes exhibition is such an example.

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The topic of this work is the Barents Euro-Arctic region, which is abbreviated as the Barents region or BEAR. The Barents region is a union of regions and countries that are very different in terms of economic and social development, but have a certain commonality that allows it to be considered as a separate economic and geographical region of the world.

The Barents Euro-Arctic Region (Barents Region) includes the provinces of their corresponding Europe located to the north or crossed by the Arctic Circle. WITH geographical point From our point of view, the Barents region constitutes a natural link between the northern regions of Europe and Russia. The Barents region is the region where the countries of the European Community (EU) border Russia.

It includes parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia adjacent to the Barents Sea, allocated for the purpose of developing international cooperation.

The Barents region has a long coastline along the Norwegian, Barents, White Seas and the Gulf of Bothnia of the Baltic Sea. The region's topography is very diverse. In the west and northwest - in Norway, Sweden and the Kola Peninsula - there are mountainous areas. The east and southeast have flatter terrain. Forests and swamps are widespread in Russia and Finland, Nenets district- flat Arctic and subarctic tundras, where permafrost predominates.

The Barents Region is home to approximately 4.4 million people and is the most populous region in the Arctic. Indigenous peoples live here - the Sami, whose life is still closely connected with nature.

At the regional level supreme body The organization is the Regional Council, which consists of political or administrative leaders of each region (republics, counties, counties). Additionally, it includes a representative of the indigenous peoples of each region. The chairman is elected for 3 years, the chairmanship is carried out by each country in turn. The day-to-day work is led by a Regional Committee consisting of appointed advisors from all administrative units region.

The purpose of this work is to study the Barents region as a unique example of foreign economic interaction.

Globalization processes in the broadest sense are characterized by a sharp intensification and complication of mutual connections and mutual dependencies in the main areas of economic, political and public life, acquiring planetary proportions. Rapidly progressing globalization affects various aspects of our lives - economics, politics, culture, ideology, security, and the environment. We are witnessing intensive processes of integration of countries, the formation of global economic unions, the building of supranational institutions for managing social processes, but at the same time there are also reverse processes: increasing diversity, the degree of fragmentation of the world, growth of national self-awareness and strengthening of cultural differentiation of peoples, revival of traditional values, expansion of local nationalist aspirations, sometimes leading to conflicts.

A region is the very level of organization of the world social community that gives a certain “globalism” to local processes, and vice versa, adapts planetary trends to local cultural and historical specifics. It is at this stage of social self-organization that a balance is established between integration and disintegration, between the center and the periphery. Regionalization is the path to balance in the planetary system.

Regionalization is presented as a process of consistent democratic changes in society, the state, and locally, aimed at increasing the role of regions.

Region is an area, an area belonging to a district, a separate region, or part of the country, which differs from others by a set of natural and historically established, relatively stable economic, geographical and other features, often combined with the ethnic composition of the population. This is a regional space, territorially limited, built according to territorial criteria. It can be not only internal, as an administrative-territorial territorial entity, but also within the boundaries of several neighboring units, including international and interstate. This may be a group of nearby countries, similar in ethnic composition and culture, similar in socio-political structure, representing a separate economic and geographical region of the world, for example, the Barents region.

The basis for identifying a space as a region is not only the territory, administrative-state structure, economy or politics, but also the regional community, population, its social and demographic composition, mentality, culture, values, needs, interests, level and quality of life.

The rapprochement of territories and the formation of a single regional community is facilitated by:

1. Administrative-territorial division within the country;

2. A single natural and climatic space, territorial, geographical proximity (Northern Europe, Northern Russia, White Sea, etc.);

3. Political factors - in the formation of interstate, interethnic regional spaces, interregional interaction (White Sea Council, North-West Association, etc.);

4. Socio-economic cooperation: trade, exchange of goods and services, search and development raw materials, development of education, healthcare, services, transport, communications, roads, ports;

5. Sociocultural ties, common values, religion, traditions, art, interethnic contacts;

6. Ecology, concern for the preservation of the natural and sociocultural environment of people.

7. Sociocultural space is the most important characteristic of regional society. This space of social activity of people, the spread of culture, it is multi-layered, but has its own integrity, its own framework, primarily cultural and civilizational.

The objectives of the Barents region in the development of regional policy are the following:

1. Preserving the integrity of the region, eliminating conflicts and contradictions both at the level of authorities and at the level of public opinion.

2. Equality and cooperation of regions, avoidance of regional preferences, elimination of conflicts between regions.

3. Uniformity of the legal field, openness of administrative borders.

4. Effective assistance from states in the territorial self-organization of society.

5. Creation of safe living conditions for the population in the Barents Euro-Arctic region.

To this end, the participants agreed to establish the Barents Euro-Arctic Council in order to give impetus to existing cooperation and consider new initiatives and proposals. The Regulations on the Council are attached.

The purpose of the Council's work will be to promote sustainable development of the region, bearing in mind the principles and recommendations contained in the Declaration of the Rio Conference and Agenda 21 of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. In this regard, the Council will serve as a forum for discussing bilateral and multilateral cooperation in the fields of economics, trade, science and technology, tourism, environment, infrastructure, education and cultural exchange, as well as projects specifically aimed at improving the situation of the indigenous population of the North.

Participants emphasized that the Council will not duplicate or replace work already underway bilaterally or multilaterally, but will, where possible, seek to provide impetus and coherence to regional cooperation and encourage new joint efforts, bilateral and multilateral, to address emerging challenges and opportunities region.

On January 11, 1993, the Conference on Cooperation in the Barents Euro-Arctic Region was held in Kirkenes, Norway. Foreign ministers or representatives of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, the Russian Federation, Sweden and the Commission of the European Communities took part in the Conference, which was also attended by observers from the United States of America, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Poland and the United Kingdom.

Participants expressed their belief that enlargement will significantly contribute to stability and development in the region and Europe as a whole, where partnership is now replacing the confrontation and disunity of the past. The participants are confident that such cooperation will contribute to international peace and security.

The participants view the Barents Cooperation Initiative as part of the process of developing European cooperation and integration, which was given a new dimension by the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe. They see the establishment of the Council of the Baltic Sea States in Copenhagen in March 1992 as a further contribution to strengthening regional cooperation in Europe.

They also expressed their belief that the establishment of closer cooperation in the Barents Euro-Arctic region would be an important contribution to the creation of a new European architecture by ensuring more close ties between Northern Europe and the rest of the continent.

The Barents Euro-Arctic Region (Barents Region) includes the provinces of their corresponding Europe located to the north or crossed by the Arctic Circle. From a geographical point of view, the Barents region forms a natural link between the northern regions of Europe and Russia. The Barents region is the region where the countries of the European Community (EU) border Russia.

It includes parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia adjacent to the Barents Sea, allocated for the purpose of developing international cooperation.

The Barents region has a long coastline along the Norwegian, Barents, White Seas and the Gulf of Bothnia of the Baltic Sea. The region's topography is very diverse. In the west and northwest - in Norway, Sweden and the Kola Peninsula - there are mountainous areas. The east and southeast have flatter terrain. In Russia and Finland, forests and swamps are widespread, in the Nenets Okrug there are flat arctic and subarctic tundras, where permafrost predominates.

At the regional level, the highest body of the organization is the Regional Council, which consists of political or administrative leaders of each region (republics, counties, counties). Additionally, it includes a representative of the indigenous peoples of each region. The chairman is elected for 3 years, the chairmanship is carried out by each country in turn. The day-to-day work is led by the Regional Committee, consisting of appointed advisers from all administrative units of the region.

The purpose of this work is to study the Barents region as a unique example of foreign economic interaction.

Globalization processes in the broadest sense are characterized by a sharp intensification and complication of mutual connections and mutual dependencies in the main areas of economic, political and social life, acquiring planetary proportions. Rapidly progressing globalization affects various aspects of our lives - economics, politics, culture, ideology, security, and the environment. We are witnessing intensive processes of integration of countries, the formation of global economic unions, the building of supranational institutions for managing social processes, but along with this, reverse processes are also observed: increasing diversity, the degree of fragmentation of the world, growing national self-awareness and strengthening the cultural differentiation of peoples, the revival of traditional values, expansion local nationalist aspirations, sometimes leading to conflicts.

Regionalization is presented as a process of consistent democratic changes in society, the state, and locally, aimed at increasing the role of regions.

Region is an area, an area belonging to a district, a separate region, or part of the country, which differs from others by a set of natural and historically established, relatively stable economic, geographical and other features, often combined with the ethnic composition of the population. This is a regional space, territorially limited, built according to territorial criteria. It can be not only internal, as an administrative-territorial territorial entity, but also within the boundaries of several neighboring units, including international and interstate. This could be a group of nearby countries that are close in size ethnic composition and culture, of the same type in socio-political structure, representing a separate economic and geographical region of the world, for example, the Barents region.

The rapprochement of territories and the formation of a single regional community is facilitated by:

1. Administrative-territorial division within the country;

2. A single natural and climatic space, territorial, geographical proximity (Northern Europe, Northern Russia, White Sea, etc.);

3. Political factors - in the formation of interstate, interethnic regional spaces, interregional interaction (White Sea Council, North-West Association, etc.);

4. Socio-economic cooperation: trade, exchange of goods and services, search and development of raw materials, development of education, healthcare, services, transport, communications, roads, ports;

5. Sociocultural ties, common values, religion, traditions, art, interethnic contacts;

6. Ecology, concern for the preservation of the natural and sociocultural environment of people.

7. Sociocultural space is the most important characteristic of regional society. This is space social activities people, the spread of culture, it is multi-layered, but has its own integrity, its own framework, primarily cultural and civilizational.

The objectives of the Barents region in the development of regional policy are the following:

1. Preserving the integrity of the region, eliminating conflicts and contradictions both at the level of authorities and at the level of public opinion.

2. Equality and cooperation of regions, avoidance of regional preferences, elimination of conflicts between regions.

3. Uniformity of the legal field, openness of administrative borders.

4. Effective assistance from states in the territorial self-organization of society.

5. Creation of safe living conditions for the population in the Barents Euro-Arctic region.

They also expressed their belief that the establishment of closer cooperation in the Barents Euro-Arctic region would be an important contribution to the creation of a new European architecture by ensuring closer links between the North of Europe and the rest of the continent.

Participants expressed support for the ongoing reform process in Russia, which, in particular, aims to strengthen democracy, the market economy and local institutions and which is therefore important for closer regional cooperation in the Barents Euro-Arctic region.

Participants expressed their desire to support the centuries-old commitment of the peoples of the Barents Euro-Arctic region to friendship and cooperation and emphasized the fundamental importance of historical changes resulting from the end of the era of ideological and military confrontation in Europe. They welcomed the first steps taken at local and regional levels to promote cooperation, and especially the creation of an interregional working group from representatives of provinces and regions of Finland, Norway, Russia and Sweden. They expressed their gratitude to the northern provinces of Finland, Norway and Sweden for their valuable contributions to the work of the “Northern Calotte Committee” over the past two decades. They took note of the provisions of the report of the Conference of Experts on the Problems of the Barents Euro-Arctic Region in Kirkenes on 25-27 September 1992. They also took note of the results international conference experts on the Northern Sea Route, held in Tromsø, Norway, in October 1992.

So, the Barents Euro-Arctic region is the territories adjacent to the Barents Sea, allocated on January 11, 1993 for the purpose of developing international cooperation.

Includes the provinces of Norway: Nordland, Troms, Finnmark, the counties of Sweden: Västerbotten and Norrbotten, the provinces of Finland: Lapland, Northern Ostrobothnia and Kainuu, and the regions of Russia: Murmansk and Arkhangelsk regions, the Republics of Komi and Karelia, Nenets autonomous region.

The four participating states take turns leading the cooperation. The region's territory is 1.9 million km2, the population is 6 million people.

Cooperation within the Barents Euro-Arctic region is carried out at two levels: central and regional.

To guide cooperation at the central level, the Barents Council was created, which includes the foreign ministers of the four countries. At the regional level, there is a Regional Council, which includes administrative heads of cooperating territories (governors).

The Barents Euro-Arctic region is a complex formation, due to the fact that the differences between the Scandinavian countries and the Russian part of the region are observed in the following:

1. Language and culture.

2. Legal, political and economic traditions.

3. Standard of living and purchasing power.

4. Residents of the Scandinavian part of the BR grew up in an open democratic state governed by the rule of law, marked by personal freedom and market relations, Soviet society was characterized by closedness, a command economy, and a brutal apparatus of power.

5. Now the public of the northern countries is united regarding the foundations of their political and economic system, but on Russian territory there is still complete uncertainty, which is reflected both in the behavior of individuals and organizations.

6. The Russian part of the region is component great power, the largest country in the world by territory, while the Scandinavian countries are small states.

7. The Russian population of the region is three times larger than the population of the Norwegian, Swedish and Finnish parts combined (the approximate ratio is 3.5 and 1 million people, respectively).

8. On Russian territory there is a huge number of military units and military equipment, including nuclear weapons and nuclear reactors.

The Barents Euro-Arctic region has developed to meet the needs of a superpower Soviet Union in military power and state security, now it is located in a peaceful corner of the great power of Russia and does not meet the needs of this state, but by its very existence and the presence of its special interests, this military complex certainly influences Russian policy in this region.

There are many people on both sides of the East-West divide who perceive increasing cooperation as a threat to public order and the core social values of their countries. Russians fear, in particular, that foreigners with high purchasing power will gradually dictate their terms and turn Russia into a passive supplier of raw materials. In the Scandinavian part of the region they are afraid that the Russians will bring into the region all the negative aspects of modern Russian society: cruelty, irresponsibility, corruption, etc.

But despite the fact that the Barents region is a union of regions and countries that are very different in terms of the level of economic and social development: energy and capital availability of workers, the share of physical and mental labor, manual, mechanized and automated labor, the share of skilled labor, the level of infrastructure development, social indicators, this territory has certain, unique features.

At the same time, the main feature of the uniqueness of the North is its multifactorial extremeness, the components of which are:

Extreme natural conditions, including the extreme heat and moisture supply, manifested in the presence of cryogenic soils, vast swamps and waterlogged forest lands on the plains, the seasonal nature of precipitation, high and full-flow floods, sharp changes in air temperatures, anticyclonic atmospheric conditions, insufficient heat supply during the growing season period, high seismicity in mountainous areas, resulting in discomfort of living (natural climatic factor, the influence on the human body of a complex of meteorological influences - air temperature, humidity, Atmosphere pressure, solar (ultraviolet) radiation, wind speed).

Unfavorable conditions for human life. These include: temperature, light, and geographic extremes. Features of physiological health standards, everyday habits, economic structure, ethnic psychology, self-awareness, and a system of traditions help the indigenous population resist their influence.

Higher cost of living, which is associated with the length of the heating season, the total thermal insulation of clothing, the sum of active temperatures during the growing season, and the increased cost of developing the territory.

An extensive type of environmental management aimed at the extraction of raw materials, which prevails over the traditional subsistence economy of the indigenous population with nomadic livestock farming, sedentary maritime fishing and hunting. Disproportions of these types of environmental management have a destructive anthropogenic impact on the natural environment.

A more acute manifestation of the socio-economic crisis. Production volumes in the North decreased 1.5-2 times faster than the Russian average. We are talking about reducing the production of oil, coal, iron ore, gold, apatite concentrate, decreasing volumes of timber harvesting and processing, difficulties in the agricultural sector of the economy, etc.

There is a dangerous trend of autonomous inclusion of the environmental management of the North into the world economic system, which leads to the withdrawal of natural resources, labor and intellectual resources and to the dependence of the Northern regions on countries with developed economies. This creates a potential threat state structure Russia, its economy, livelihoods of the population and the ecological state of the environment.

So, the activities of the Barents/Euro-Arctic Region Council (BEAC) and the BEAR Regional Council are focused on establishing broad international cooperation in the Barents region, promoting the integrated development of the North-West regions, and solving their socio-economic and environmental problems.

Among the areas of cooperation: economics and tourism, environmental protection, transport and communications, energy saving, agriculture and reindeer husbandry, indigenous peoples, information systems, Northern Sea Route, healthcare, science, culture and education, youth cooperation, cooperation within the EU Tacis Programs and Interreg.

Cooperation between the member countries of the Barents region and the EU is intensifying within the framework of the Northern Dimension strategy, which, after its approval in December 1998 at the European Union summit in Vienna, integral part EU policies. One of the goals of the Northern Dimension strategy is for the EU to finance those projects in Russia that are significant for the entire European Union. Objectively, the implementation of the Northern Dimension strategy will meet the interests of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, provided that specific projects are focused on the comprehensive development of the North-West of Russia. In particular, in 2000, Tacis management included the Barents region as a priority along with the Kaliningrad region. The Barents region authorities at the central and regional levels will have to decide on the actions necessary to ensure that the Barents region receives a clearly defined role in the EU's Northern Dimension, and that the strategy itself is filled with real content.

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The Barents region is one of the largest reserves of untouched natural ecosystems on Earth. Northern nature is very diverse - from the largest tracts of untouched forests remaining on the planet to tundras and glaciers, from swamps and lakes to the harsh Arctic seas. Many rare and endangered species of plants and animals live here, such as polar bear, Atlantic walrus, wild reindeer. This region is unique and at the same time extremely vulnerable. Increasing and often irrational use natural resources poses a serious threat to surviving sites wildlife. Irreversible damage is caused to fragile northern ecosystems by unsustainable forest management, oil and gas and mineral extraction, and poaching. In order to protect the unique but fragile northern nature, we, the specialists of the Barents branch of WWF, work here.

WWF Barents Team

Our team consists of only 10 people and each is a professional in his field, dedicated to nature conservation and believes in the goals set.

For many, summer time is a vacation period. But not for us! We spend the warm season with heavy backpacks on our shoulders in the wild taiga, tundra, on the islands of the White and Barents Seas, where we identify natural values, count walruses, and assess the impact human activity on the environment and design new specially protected natural areas.

However, field expeditions are only a small part of our work. The main activity of an ecologist is not nearly as romantic as it seems at first glance. This includes the processing of expedition data, decoding of space images, preparation of analytical materials, and development of justifications for the creation of a reserve or national park, as well as numerous meetings, discussions and negotiations with government officials, timber traders, fishermen, local residents, journalists, speeches at seminars and conferences various levels, and much more.

We are always happy to receive help from our supporters and volunteers and are open to everyone who wants to help nature.

Do you know that…

The Arkhangelsk region preserves one of the last large tracts of untouched forests on the planet, which is about 4 thousand years old and covers an area of about 1 million hectares.
It is still a mystery to scientists how wild reindeer manage to survive on the island. Northern archipelago New Earth, where there is practically no vegetation and there is snow for almost 9 months of the year.
The Barents region is a permanent habitat for polar bears and Atlantic walruses, marine mammals listed in the Red Book.
The Barents Sea is one of the largest fishing basins in the World Ocean.
The Barents Sea is home to the world's northernmost madrepore coral, Lophelia, which forms powerful reefs on the continental slope.

Cooperation in the Barents Euro-Arctic region began in Kirkenes (Norway) in 1993. The region includes 14 provinces or corresponding administrative entities in Norway, Russia, Finland and Sweden. Barents is your gateway to Euro-Arctic cooperation.

Barents cooperation supports contacts between people and economic development and creates conditions for interregional exchange in many areas of life, such as culture, indigenous peoples, education, youth, trade, information, environment, healthcare and transport. Barents cooperation is regarded as an integral part of building a stable, democratic and prosperous Europe.

In the spirit of the Northern Dimension, the Barents Cooperation, with its cultural diversity, is a gateway to new opportunities for scientists, entrepreneurs and pioneers. In the 21st century, the Northern Sea Route and short roads to Asia remain as before a challenge and a dream for Europe and the Barents cooperation.

About 6 million people live in the Barents region, which is three times larger than France. This Euro-Arctic region has a harsh climate and long distances. But no other region of Europe, and few places in the world, can match its natural wealth - forests, fish, minerals, oil and gas. In addition to natural resources, the Barents region has a qualified workforce and is a connecting point between the European Union and Russia.

Most of the Barents region belongs to the temperate climate zone and coniferous forests. Scandinavian mountain range, northern part of the Kola Peninsula, Nenets district and Novaya Zemlya are part of the Arctic tundra. The location north of the Arctic Circle provides exotic periods of white nights in summer and long polar nights in winter.

The land area of the Barents region is 1,755,800 square meters. km. The average population density is only 3.5 people per 1 sq. km, from 0.3 in the Nenets Okrug to 8 in Oulu. The largest city Barents region - Arkhangelsk with a population of 350,000 people.

The Barents Euro-Arctic Region includes the following regions, which are members of the Barents Regional Council:

Norway: Finnmark, Troms and Nordland
Russia: Murmansk and Arkhangelsk region, Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Komi and Karelia Republics
Finland: Lapland, Oulu and Kainu provinces
Sweden: Norrbotten and Västerbotten
History of Barents Euro-Arctic Cooperation

The Barents Euro-Arctic cooperation and intergovernmental cooperation was formalized on January 11, 1993 with the signing of the Kirkenes Declaration by the foreign ministers of Norway, Russia, Finland, Sweden and representatives of Denmark, Iceland and the European Union.

The Council was established as a forum for the development of interregional contacts between the northern territories of Norway, Russia, Finland and Sweden. At the same time, the heads of the participating regions, together with representatives of indigenous peoples, signed a protocol on cooperation and the creation of the Barents Euro-Arctic Council with the aim of developing the Barents region.

Goals and objectives

Today, as the processes of decentralization and regionalization develop, steps are being taken to strengthen existing and create new regional structures. It is expected that this process will serve to bring the political and administrative closer to the citizens and improve the democratic functions of society.

Over the 10 years of Barents cooperation, much has been achieved. This unique partnership confirms the value of interaction at different levels - between governments, regions and people. The Barents Cooperation also serves as a framework for strengthening and developing the Northern Dimension in the policies of the European Union and interaction with Canada, Japan, the USA and other Arctic regions in northern Europe.

The goal of the Barents Cooperation is to promote stability, environmental progress and peace in Northern Europe through improving living conditions and ensuring sustainable socio-economic development. These goals can only be achieved through persistent efforts in various areas - from global security, ecology and economics to concern for the highest human values.

Material from lexicon ks. Euro-Arctic region Barents Which countries are included in the Barents region

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