Morphemic analysis of the adjective word. How to do and what is morphological analysis of a word How to parse a short adjective

In this article I will tell you how to parse an adjective as a part of speech. The Russian language is complex, but with enough diligence and interest you can understand its rules regarding vocabulary, grammar and syntax. Schoolchildren and students are often required to know morphology and be able to do things in accordance with its requirements. Tasks where you need to morphologically parse a word are designated in textbooks with the number 3: “Diana put on a beautiful” coat.

The order and sample of parsing an adjective

What is morphological analysis of an adjective as a part of speech

By performing a morphological analysis of a word expressed by an adjective, we establish all its meanings: lexical, grammatical, etc. By analyzing a word, we determine what features (constant and non-constant) the adjective has, and what role it plays in the syntax of the sentence. To do this, there is a certain plan of action, following which it is possible to easily perform a morphological analysis of the adjective:

• establish which part of speech the word given in the task belongs to - if it involves answers to the questions “Which?”, “Whose?”, “Which?”, then it is an adjective, also note that it serves to designate a characteristic of an object;

Questions for an adjective

• establish the initial form of the word - put the word in question in the masculine gender, nominative case and singular, and determine the morphological features:

Permanent:

• category of these parts of speech according to lexical and grammatical meaning – possessive, relative, qualitative;

Adjective categories

Form – short or full (for adjectives from the category of qualitative, having only a full or only a short form).

Full and short form of adjectives

Non-permanent:

• For qualitative adjectives, determine their degree of comparison - from positive to comparative and superlative;

Degrees of comparison of adjectives

• • • establish gender, number and case - signs that are considered unstable, since they depend on the noun, which is defined by the adjective;
• determine the role of the adjective in the sentence (which part of the sentence it is). Most often, an adjective acts as a nominal part of a compound nominal predicate or an agreed definition of a noun.

Examples of parsing an adjective as a part of speech

Let's analyze the adjective according to the above scheme. Let's say the task contains a sentence “Diana put on a beautiful coat”, and we need to parse the adjective “beautiful”. First of all, we select from the sentence the “adjective - noun” link, in our case it is “a beautiful coat”. Following the above algorithm, we perform the following actions:

• we establish to which part of speech the word in question belongs - “coat (what?) beautiful”, since “beautiful” answers the question “what?”, then this is an adjective that serves to designate the attribute of the noun “coat”;
• we establish the initial form of the word - we put the word “beautiful” in the nominative case, masculine and singular, we get the word “beautiful”, and determine the morphological characteristics:
  • permanent:
    • the lexical and grammatical category of the word “beautiful” is a qualitative adjective, since it denotes a characteristic of an object (in our case, a coat);
    • form – complete;
  • fickle:
    • we determine the degree of comparison of the adjective - the word “beautiful” has a positive degree of comparison (comparative - more beautiful, superlative - the most beautiful);
    • we establish the gender - since the adjective serves to define the noun, we carefully study the latter. The word “coat” is neuter, which means the adjective “beautiful” is also neuter;
    • a similar method is applied to establishing the number - “coat” is singular, which means the adjective “beautiful” is also singular;
    • the case “coat” is accusative, respectively, and “beautiful” is also used in the accusative case;
• We determine the role of the adjective “beautiful” in a sentence - it is a predicate, expressed by an agreed definition of the subject “coat”.

This was an example of oral reasoning; in writing, the morphological analysis of the adjective as a part of speech looks more condensed.

Example 2. Analyzing the proposal for the Czech Republic

Suggestion given: “Diana put on a beautiful coat.” Let's write down the analysis of the adjective:

Beautiful coat.

1. The coat (what?) is beautiful. Beautiful – adj.
2. N. f. - Beautiful.
3. Wed. R.
4. Unit h.
5. V. p.
6. Definition: beautiful.

In order for the morphological analysis of an adjective as a part of speech to be easy for you in the future, be sure to memorize the algorithm of actions and constantly practice. Gradually, the number of errors will be minimized and all actions will be brought to almost automaticity. Say everything you do out loud, this way you will find mistakes faster, and the material will be remembered much easier.

All schoolchildren know how to parse an adjective as a part of speech. Without it, our speech would be pale and boring. The kind of imagery and colorfulness that it gives to our language cannot be replaced by any part of speech. We will look in more detail at how to correctly perform the so-called in this article.

Features of the full form

There are permanent and non-permanent signs. Let's start with the first ones. An adjective has only one constant feature - categorization. As you know, there are only three of them:

• Qualitative - describe the appearance of objects, characteristics, color. They stand out from others because they can be compared in degrees. (Positive - low, comparative - lower, superior - the lowest).
• Relative - indicate place, material, time ( brick garage - brick garage; autumn the weather is the kind that can only happen in autumn).
• Possessives are the only group that answers the question “whose?” and denoting belonging to someone ( paternal character, squirrel tail).

It is not difficult to determine the category. You just have to understand the meaning of the word and ask the right question.

The non-constant characteristics include gender (masculine and feminine), case (six of them, like nouns) and number (singular or plural).

A special category here is made up of qualitative ones, since only in them the degree and presence of a short form are still determined. If you study this plan thoroughly, you will know how to parse an adjective as a part of speech.

What does "short" mean?

A participle and an adjective can form a short form. It appears as a result of truncation of the ending: beautiful (full adjective) - beautiful (short adjective), well-groomed (full adjective) - well-groomed (short adjective).

They differ from full forms not only in syntactic functions, but also in spelling features. as a part of speech it has its own “zest”. For example, in a sentence it is never a complete definition. The short form of both the participle and the adjective always plays a more important role: it is the predicate or, more often, part of it. (The girl was smart.)

It is necessary to distinguish between the spelling of these forms. In full participles, two letters N are always written in the suffix, and in short participles - one. With an adjective, the situation is different: in the short form we will write as many N as we will use in the full version.

In order to know how to parse an adjective as a part of speech, you need to take into account all its subtleties and features. The short form should be distinguished from the full form and in no case should it be confused with the participle.

Bottom line

An adjective is a special part of speech. Thanks to him, any of us will be able to colorfully convey our emotions, accurately describe the necessary object or its location. In short forms, it not only denotes any attribute, but also gives dynamism to the text.

Now you know everything about how to parse an adjective as a part of speech. Using our simple recommendations, you will cope with the task without difficulty!

Morphological analysis of adjectives usually does not raise any special questions or difficulties. Adjectives have only one constant morphological feature - category, although it is not always easy to determine it, and several non-constant ones (number, gender, case).

Before we begin the analysis, let's remember the properties of adjective categories. Without taking into account the lexical meaning, it is possible to determine the category with an error, because many adjectives in context acquire a figurative meaning.

For example: qualitative ones become relative (light fluff - athletics), relative ones become qualitative (silver spoon - silver voice), and possessive ones become qualitative and relative (dog kennel - dog fur coat, dog cold).

Each category of adjective has its own distinctive features. Let's look at the characteristics of qualitative adjectives. They denote a feature of an object that can manifest itself to a greater or lesser extent, form degrees of comparison, have a short form (close - closer, closer, closest, nearest; close, close, close, close), synonyms and antonyms. They are recognized by combinations with adverbs of measure and degree (too close, very close), by the presence of the prefix NOT- (not close), by the formation of complex words by repetition (close-close).

Not all of these characteristics may appear immediately; some are absent, for example, adjectives denoting colors (yellow, brown) do not have forms of comparison. Even if an adjective does not have all these properties, it is considered qualitative.

We must not forget that some qualitative adjectives do not have either a full or a short form, and then this feature is constant (alien, glad). There is also a group of inflexible words: mocha coffee, retro music, tsunami wave, beige skirt. Let us recall that adjectives briefly answer the questions what? what? what? what are they? and perform the function of a compound nominal predicate.

Relative adjectives, like qualitative ones, answer the questions which? which? which? which?. They indicate the material from which the object is made, spatial and temporal characteristics (teddy bear, tracksuit, school site, winter day).

Collocations with relative adjectives have synonyms: teddy bear, sports suit, school site, winter day. You can recognize relative adjectives by the suffixes -AN-, -YAN-, -ONN-, -ENN-, -N-, -SK- (leather sofa, silver vase, aviation regiment, ceremonial meeting, drumbeat, Moscow courtyard). There is no degree of comparison or short form for relative adjectives.

It can be difficult to distinguish between the categories of adjectives with the suffixes -SK-. You need to think like this: “Pushkin’s places” are related to the life and work of A.S. Pushkin, this is a relative adjective, “Pushkin’s novel” was written by A.S. Pushkin and belongs only to him, this is a possessive adjective.

Possessive adjectives denote belonging to a person or animal, answer the questions whose? whose? whose? whose?, have recognizable suffixes -OV-, -EV-, -IN-, -IY, -Y- (father’s office, father-in-law’s character, cat’s house, chicken liver, fish tail, hare ears). This group of adjectives can have a short form: moose tracks - father's flour, walrus - crocodile tears. By the way, qualitative ones are not inflected in the short form, but possessive ones, on the contrary, have a case category: Pleshcheyevo Lake (Im.p.) - at Pleshcheyevo Lake (R.p.).

It is not difficult to determine the degree of comparison: the original form is called positive, the simple form of the comparative and superlative degrees has the suffixes -EE-, -EY-, -E-, -SHE- (weaker, bolder, sweeter, thinner) and -AYSH-, -EYSH- (closest, fastest), as well as the prefix NAI- (best). For the compound comparative and superlative, particles of adverbial origin are used: more or less (higher, less strong), most, most-least (highest, most high, least strong).

Do not forget that the simple comparative form does not change in gender, number, case and does not agree with the noun or pronoun being defined. It is always part of a compound nominal predicate, in special cases an inconsistent definition. Compound comparative and superlative degrees can be used in both full and short form (stronger - stronger, stronger - stronger).

Let's start analyzing adjectives. First, we note that any adjective always denotes a characteristic of an object. We write down the adjective with the word on which it depends or with which it is connected in meaning and grammatically. Secondly, the initial form is the masculine nominative singular. Thirdly, adjectives can serve as an agreed definition (full forms, compound comparative and superlative degrees) and a nominal part of the predicate.

PLAN FOR MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF AN ADJECTIVE

1. Part of speech and general grammatical meaning.

2. Initial form (N.P., singular, m.r.) and morphological characteristics:
Constants (P.p.):
- rank.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- full or short form (only for qualitative and some possessives),
- comparative or superlative degree (only for high-quality ones),
- number (not in simple comparative form),
- gender (not in the plural and in the simple comparative form),
- case (not in short form for qualitative ones, in simple comparative form).

3. Syntactic role of the adjective (agreed definition, compound nominal predicate).

Let’s select adjectives for morphological analysis from Vera Inber’s story “How I Was Little.” First, let's look at qualitative adjectives, then relative and finally possessive.

Examples of parsing adjectives

On the sides of the road green ears of corn whisper: they will not turn yellow soon.

1. Green (ears) - adjective, because. denotes an attribute of an object.
2. Initial form (N.P., singular, m.r.): green
Constants (P.p.):
- high quality.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- full form,
- positive degree,
- plural,
- Im.p.
3. ears (what?) green (agreed definition).

The violinist’s face was thin, restless, his eyes were dark.

1. (There was) a thin (face) - adjective, because. denotes an attribute of an object.
2. Initial form (N.P., singular, m.r.): thin
Constants (P.p.):
- high quality.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- full form,
- positive degree,
- units,
- s.r.,
- Im.p.
3. The face was (what?) thin (compound nominal predicate).

We were very dressed up.

1. (We were) smart - adjective, because. denotes an attribute of an object.
2. Initial form (N.P., singular, m.r.): elegant
Constants (P.p.):
- high quality.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- short form,
- positive degree,
- plural
3. They were (what?) dressed up (compound nominal predicate).

Snow!.. How lovely it is!

1. (He) is charming - adjective, because. denotes an attribute of an object.
2. Initial form (N.P., singular, m.r.): lovely
Constants (P.p.):
- high quality.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- short form,
- positive degree,
- units,
- m.r.
3. He (what?) is charming (compound nominal predicate).

Now Aunt Natasha is lonely.

1. (Aunt Natasha) lonely - adjective, because. denotes an attribute of an object.
2. Initial form (N.P., singular, m.r.): lonely
Constants (P.p.):
- high quality.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- short form,
- positive degree,
- units,
- f.r.
3. Aunt Natasha (what?) is lonely (compound nominal predicate).

Uncle Oscar had a similar face to Aunt Nasha, but only he was younger.

1. (He was) younger - adjective, because. denotes an attribute of an object.
2. Initial form (N.P., singular, m.r.): young
Constants (P.p.):
- high quality.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- short form,

3. Was (what?) younger (compound predicate).

You look at it and see that it has the finest pattern.

1. (Pattern) finest - adjective, because. denotes an attribute of an object.
2. Initial form (N.P., singular, m.r.): thin
Constants (P.p.):
- high quality.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- full form,
- simple superlative degree,
- units,
- m.r.,
- V.p.
3. The pattern (what?) is the finest (agreed definition).

Reflected in it, the most beautiful things seemed ugly.

1. (Things) are the most beautiful - adjective, because. denotes an attribute of an object.
2. Initial form (N.P., singular, m.r.): beautiful
Constants (P.p.):
- high quality.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- full form,

- plural,
- I.p.
3. Things (what?) are the most beautiful (agreed definition).

Fingers the most ordinary.

1. (Fingers) the most ordinary - adjective, because. denotes an attribute of an object.
2. Initial form (N.P., singular, m.r.): ordinary
Constants (P.p.):
- high quality.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- full form,
- compound superlative degree,
- plural,
- I.p.
3. Fingers (which ones?) are the most ordinary (compound nominal predicate).

And here is grandma’s low house with a clay pile, with hollyhocks by the porch.

1. (With a heap) clay - adjective, because. denotes an attribute of an object.
2. Initial form (Name, singular, m.r.): clay
Constants (P.p.):
- relative.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in the form
- unit h,
- f.r.,
- etc.
3. With a pile of (what?) clay (agreed definition).

The sand poured from one glass bottle into another, which took half an hour.

1. (From a bottle) glass - adjective, because. denotes an attribute of an object.
2. Initial form (Name, singular, m.r.): glass
Constants (P.p.):
- relative.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in the form
- units,
- m.r.,
- R.p.
3. From a (what?) glass bottle (agreed upon definition).

And here is grandma’s low house with a clay pile, with hollyhocks by the porch.

1. (House) grandma's - adjective, because. denotes an attribute of an object.
2. Initial form (N.P., singular, m.r.): babushkin
Constants (P.p.):
- possessive.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- short form,
- units,
- m.r.,
- I.p.
3. Grandma’s (what?) house (agreed upon definition).

We drive calmly and for so long that we manage to take a nap, leaning right and left on my mother’s shoulder.

1. (Towards) mother’s shoulder - adjective, because. denotes an attribute of an object.
2. Initial form (N.P., singular, m.r.): mother’s
Constants (P.p.):
- possessive.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- full form,
- units,
- s.r.,
- D.p.
3. To (what?) Mom’s shoulder (agreed upon definition).

He grabbed a napkin from the table, folded the tip like a hare's ear, slipped it under the needle and deftly turned the handle of the wheel.

1. (Ear) hare - adjective, because. denotes an attribute of an object.
2. Initial form (N.P., singular, m.r.): hare
Constants (P.p.):
- possessive.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- full form,
- units,
- s.r.,
- I.p.
3. The ear (which one?) is hare (part of a separate circumstance expressed by a comparative phrase).

In addition to rags, I also had a broom made of chicken feathers.

1. (From feathers) chicken - adjective, because. denotes an attribute of an object.
2. Initial form (N.P., singular, m.r.): chicken
Constants (P.p.):
- possessive.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- full form,
- plural,
- R.p.
3. From (what?) chicken feathers (agreed upon definition).

We looked at the most common forms of adjectives. Now it's time to move on to more complex examples. Perform a morphological analysis of the indicated adjectives. If you have questions, use the self-test.

I'm happy 3 with everything I see.

The simpler the word, the more accurate it is 3.

All horses in the regiment were black 3.

He put on a khaki shirt 3.

You won't find tastier jam anywhere 3.

Duck 3 broods stay together even after the young ones begin to fly.

I liked her bronze 3 tan.

I always have a ravenous appetite from excitement.

The pouring rain didn't scare me.

Most attentive 3 was Petya.

He soon arrived at his native airfield 3.

She chose the more difficult 3 case.

SELF-CHECK

I'm happy 3 with everything I see.

1. (I'm) glad - adjective, because. denotes an attribute of an object.
2. Initial form (N.P., singular, m.r.): rad
Constants (P.p.):
- high quality,
- short form.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in the form
- units,
- m.roda.
3. I am (what?) glad (compound nominal predicate).

The word “rad” has no degrees of comparison and does not change by case.

The simpler the word, the more accurate it is 3.

1. (It) is more precise - an adjective, because. denotes an attribute of an object.
2. Initial form (N.P., singular, m.r.): exact
Constants (P.p.):
- high quality.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- short form,
- compound comparative degree,
- units,
- middle class
3. It (what?) is more precise (compound nominal predicate).

The form “more precisely” does not change between cases.

All horses in the regiment were black 3.

1. (The horses were) black - adjective, because. denotes an attribute of an object.
2. Initial form (N.P., singular, m.r.): black
Constants (P.p.):
- high quality,
- full form.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in the form
- plural numbers,
- T. case.
3. The horses were (what?) black (compound nominal predicate).

The word “voronoi” is always in its full form and has no degrees of comparison.

He put on a khaki shirt 3.

1. (Colors) khaki - adjective, because. denotes an attribute of an object.
2. Initial form (N.P., singular, m.r.): khaki
Constants (P.p.):
- high quality.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
- an unchangeable word.
3. Color (what?) khaki (inconsistent definition).

You won't find tastier jam anywhere 3.

1. (Jam) tastes better - adjective, because. denotes an attribute of an object.
2. Initial form (N.P., singular, m.r.): delicious
Constants (P.p.):
- high quality.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- short form,
- simple comparative degree.
3. Jam (which one?) tastes better (inconsistent definition).

The word “tastier” does not have a full or short form, as well as number, gender and case.

Duck 3 broods stay together even after the young ones begin to fly.

1. (Brood) duck - adjective, because. denotes an attribute of an object.
2. Initial form (N.P., singular, m.r.): duck
Constants (P.p.):
- possessive in the relative sense.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in the form
- units numbers,
- m.roda,
- I.p.
3. Brood (what?) duck (agreed definition).

I liked her bronze 3 tan.

1. (Tan) bronze - adjective, because. denotes an attribute of an object.
2. Initial form (Name, singular, m.r.): bronze
Constants (P.p.):
- relative in the sense of qualitative.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in the form
- units numbers,
- m.roda,
- V.p.
3. Tan (what?) bronze (agreed definition).

I always have a ravenous appetite from excitement.

1. (Appetite) wolfish - adjective, because. denotes an attribute of an object.
2. Initial form (N.P., singular, m.r.): wolf
Constants (P.p.):
- possessive in the sense of quality.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in the form
- units numbers,
- m.roda,
- V.p.
3. Appetite (what?) wolfish (agreed definition).

The heavy rain didn't scare me.

1. (Rain) torrential - adjective, because. denotes an attribute of an object.
2. Initial form (N.P., singular, m.r.): pouring
Constants (P.p.):
- high quality,
- full form.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in the form
- units numbers,
- m.roda,
- I.p.
3. Rain (what kind?) torrential (agreed definition).

Most attentive 3 was Petya.

1. (Petya was) most attentive - adjective, because. denotes an attribute of an object.
2. Initial form (N.P., singular, m.r.): attentive
Constants (P.p.):
- high quality.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- short form,
- compound superlative degree,
- units number,
- m.kind.
3. Petya was (what?) the most attentive (compound nominal predicate).

He soon arrived at his native airfield 3.

1. (To the airfield) native - adjective, because. denotes an attribute of an object.
2. Initial form (N.P., singular, m.r.): native
Constants (P.p.):
- high quality,
- full form.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in the form
- units numbers,
- m.roda,
- V.p.
3. To (which?) home airfield (agreed definition).

She chose the more difficult 3 case.

1. (The matter) is more difficult - adjective, because. denotes an attribute of an object.
2. Initial form (N.P., singular, m.r.): difficult
Constants (P.p.):
- high quality.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- full form,
- compound superlative degree,
- units number,
- middle class,
- V.p.
3. The matter (which?) is more difficult (agreed definition).

Suddenly he saw a red fox's tail flash in the bushes ahead.

1. (Tail) fox - adjective, because. denotes an attribute of an object.
2. Initial form (N.P., singular, m.r.): fox
Constants (P.p.):
- possessive.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- full form,
- units,
- m.r.,
- I.p.
3. The tail (what?) is fox (agreed upon definition).

Literature

1. Voronichev O.E. On the logical basis of morphological analysis of significant words / Russian language at school and at home. - 2008. - No. 1.

2. Ilyushina L.A. On the morphological analysis of adjectives, numerals, pronouns / Russian language at school. - 2002. - No. 4.

3. Shirokova L.N., Eroshkina N.A. The transition of adjectives from one category to another (grade VI) / Russian language at school. - 2009. - No. 10.

Every student needs to know the analysis of an adjective as a part of speech. It is known that this part of speech adds additional emotional and colorful shades to our speech, making it richer and more intense. This analysis begins to be studied in the elementary grades, but over time the scheme becomes more complex, and this allows for a more detailed analysis and analysis.

Instructions for parsing

In order to correctly perform morphological analysis, you need to know its outline and instructions on how to parse an adjective as a part of speech. For example, define a part of speech, and then indicate its morphological features and function in a sentence.

Analysis plan:

1. Determine and prove which part of speech this specified word belongs to.
2. Write down the initial form of this word given for parsing.
3. Indicate the constant morphological features of the given word.
4. Indicate inconsistent grammatical features.
5. Syntactic role of a given word.

Any morphological analysis always begins with determining the part of speech of the word being analyzed. If it is an adjective, then it must be indicated. It is worth remembering that this is an independent or significant part of speech, which necessarily denotes some attribute of the subject. Here you can ask a question that will prove that this word being analyzed is an adjective. Such words for analysis answer the following questions: which one? which? which?, and also whose? what? what? what are they?

After determining the part of speech, the parsed word must be put into initial form. For an adjective, the initial form is the given word, which must be written in the masculine gender and singular.

The next step in the analysis is to determine its grammatical features. Typically, analysis begins with constant features, which include ranks by value, and if qualitative, then, accordingly, the degree of comparison.

Places by value which are known to every schoolchild and which can be found in school textbooks:

1. High quality.
2. Relative.
3. Possessive.

Relative indicate the material from which the object is made, the place or time. For example, a straw hat is a hat made of straw, spring rain is rain that falls in the spring, a school site is the site that belongs to the school.

Possessives denote belonging to someone or something. Such words usually answer the question “whose?” For example, a fox's tail is a tail that belonged to a fox, a sister's scarf is a sister's scarf.

Quality give characteristics of the object, describe its appearance and color. For example, a thin pencil, blue ribbon. Qualitative forms two degrees of comparison:

1. Excellent.
2. Comparative.

Superlative necessarily has two forms: simple and compound. The first is formed according to the following scheme: an adjective in the initial form + -eysh or -aysh, which are suffixes. For example, excellent - most excellent. The compound form is formed from the name of the adjective in the initial form by adding the words: most, most, least, all, everything. For example, the tallest, above all.

comparative It also has two forms: simple and compound. The simple form is formed by adding to this part of speech, which must be in the initial form, such suffixes as -ey, -ee, -e, -she. For example, angry is angrier. The compound form is formed by adding words such as more or less to the adjective that is in the initial form. For example, kinder, less evil. If the adjective is qualitative, then its form should be determined: short or full. The short form of qualitative ones is formed by truncating the ending. For example, low is low, low is low, low is low, low is low.

To determine non-constant characteristics, it is worth finding in the text or sentence the noun to which it refers. It is known that an adjective agrees with a noun in several ways, which change. Non-permanent signs are:

1. Number.
2. Case.

The syntactic function of the word being parsed is indicated at the last stage. Most often, an adjective is a modifier, but less often it can be part of a compound nominal predicate. For example, a long (definition) table stood in the middle of the room. The girl was beautiful (compound noun predicate).

Example of morphological analysis

I. Short (tail) – adjective. The word "short" denotes a characteristic of an object. The tail (what?) is short.

N. f. - short.

II. Morphological features of the word “short”.

Constant signs: qualitative, comparative degree, full form.

Inconstant characters: masculine (what), singular (one), nominative case (what? short tail).

III. The tail (what?) is short (definition).

Morphological analysis allows you to improve grammatical word analysis skills. Before starting this type of work, it is necessary to study the grammatical characteristics of this part of speech.

It is always worth remembering that you can only parse adjectives if they are given in a sentence, since it is impossible to correctly analyze the specified word without context.

During morphological analysis, the specified word, which is most often highlighted with the number “3,” is written out from the text without changing it. If it is used with a preposition, then they are written out together, if the preposition also refers to an adjective. If the preposition refers to a noun or another part of speech, then it should not be written out. It will not be difficult to carry out such an analysis by studying the grammatical features of the adjective.

Video

This video contains a sample of oral morphological analysis of an adjective.

Primary general education

Line UMK T. M. Andrianova, L. Ya. Zheltovskaya. Russian language (1-4)

Russian language

Morphological analysis of words in primary grades

Morphological analysis is the complete grammatical characteristics of a word. Plans for morphological analysis of words in a sentence differ from each other depending on which part of speech the word belongs to and what syntactic role it plays in the sentence. Also, the plan for morphological analysis depends on the age of the students. The older the students, the more detailed the analysis. We present diagrams of morphological analysis of individual parts of speech for students in grades 4 and 5.

Due to the fact that in the Russian language many words are homonymous, context is required to determine the semantics of a word, its part-speak, and, accordingly, select the necessary parse, highlight the necessary features and establish the syntactic role in the sentence. For example, the word “good”, taken away from the context, does not give us the opportunity to understand which part of speech should be morphologically analyzed. “Good” can be an adverb (“Today I feel good”), a short form of an adjective (“It’s a good morning today!”), a noun (“Pass Russian with a “good””), and a particle (“- Today we meet at the monument at eleven o’clock! - Good”), and the category of condition (“Good in summer by the sea”). That is why it is impossible to perform a correct morphological analysis of a word given out of context.

Morphological analysis of a noun

1. Determine the part of speech; establish the general meaning, ask a question about the word to determine the part of speech.

2. Determine the initial form of the noun - to do this you need to put the word in the singular form of the nominative case.

3. Specify the signs:

a) constants:

proper/common noun;

animate / inanimate;

gender (masculine/feminine/neuter);

declension (1st cl. / 2nd cl. / 3rd cl. / indeclinable / indeclinable)

b) non-permanent:

case (I.p./R.p./D.p./V.p./T.p./P.p.);

number (singular/plural).

Sample morphological analysis of a noun

An example of parsing the word “kittens” in the sentence “The kittens chased grandma’s ball of thread.”

Oral analysis

Kittens. Who? - kittens is a noun. It means a living being.

The initial form is a kitten.

Constant signs:

common noun, animate, masculine, 2nd declension;

Variable signs:

in the nominative case form (who?); plural.

4. Chased (who?) - kittens - is the subject of the sentence, underlined by a horizontal line (bar).

Written analysis

The kittens chased grandmother's ball of thread.

Kittens - noun, kittens chased (who?);

N.f. (initial form) - kitten;

Narit., soul., husband. genus; 2nd fold;

in Imp.p., in plural. h.

4. Chased (who?) - kittens - subject.

Russian language. 1 class Workbook No. 2.

The notebook is intended for use in conjunction with the textbook “Russian Language” (authors: S.V. Ivanov, A.O. Evdokimova, M.I. Kuznetsova) in the post-primary period of the second half of the year. A variety of exercises will help consolidate initial knowledge of the laws of the native language and the rules of spelling and punctuation, as well as automate writing skills. Working with a notebook allows you to organize differentiated learning and provide an individual approach to students. Corresponds to the federal state general education standard for primary general education (2009)

Morphological analysis of the adjective

Determine the initial form of the adjective - to do this you need to put the word in the singular form of the masculine nominative case).

Specify signs:

adjective gender, case, number.

4. Role in a sentence, asking a question to determine a member of a sentence, appropriate underlining.

Sample morphological analysis of an adjective

An example of analysis of the word “beautiful” in the sentence “A beautiful old melody flowed from the radio speaker.”

Oral analysis

Beautiful (melody) - adjective. What's the melody? - beautiful. Indicates an attribute of an object.

The initial form is beautiful.

Used in the sentence in the feminine form, singular, nominative case.

The melody (what?) is beautiful - in a sentence it is a definition, emphasized by a wavy line.

Written analysis

A beautiful old melody flowed from the radio speaker.

Beautiful (melody) - adj.;

N.f. - Beautiful;

L.R., units h., Im.p;

Melody (what?) - beautiful - definition.

Morphological analysis of the numeral name

Determine the part of speech, establish the general meaning, ask a question about the word to determine the part of speech.

Determine the initial form of the numeral - to do this you need to put it in the nominative case form.

Specify signs:

a) constants:

simple/compound,

quantitative/ordinal

(for quantitative: whole/fractional/collective);

b) non-permanent:

number and gender (if any);

4. Role in a sentence, asking a question to determine a member of a sentence, appropriate underlining.

Sample morphological analysis of a numeral name

An example of parsing the word “two” in the sentence “Two friends were waiting for me in the yard.”

Oral analysis

Two is a numeral noun. The word means number - comrades (how many?) - two;

The initial form is two;

Constant signs: simple, collective;

inconsistent: in the form of the nominative case;

Two comrades were waiting (who?) - in the sentence the numeral “two” is part of the subject, in the letter it is underlined with a horizontal line.

Written analysis

Two comrades were waiting for me in the courtyard.

Two - number, comrades - (how many?) - two;

N.f. - two;

Simple, collectable,

4. Two comrades were waiting (who?) - part of the subject.

More interesting materials:

• Features of preparation for the Russian language test in 4th grade

Morphological analysis of pronouns

Determine the part of speech, establish the general meaning, ask a question about the word to determine the part of speech.

Determine the initial form of the pronoun - to do this you need to put it in the nominative singular form.

Specify signs:

a) permanent: face (1 l./2 l./3 l),

b) inconsistent (if any): gender, number, case;

4. Role in a sentence, asking a question to determine a member of a sentence, appropriate underlining.

Sample morphological analysis of a pronoun

An example of parsing the word “you” in the sentence “I’ll call you on Friday evening.”

Oral analysis

You is a pronoun. Points to an object - I’ll call (who?) you.

The initial form is you.

Among the constant features are the personal pronoun, 2nd person. Among the non-constant pronouns, the pronoun is used in the singular form, in the dative case.

I’ll call (who?) you - in a sentence the pronoun “you” is an object, in writing it is underlined with a dashed line (prime).

Written analysis

I'll call you on Friday evening.

You - pronoun., I’ll call (who?) you;

in units, d.p.;

4. I’ll call (who?) you - addition.

The workbook is a supplement to the textbook by T. G. Ramzaeva “Russian language. 3rd grade." The textbook complies with the Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education, is recommended by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, and is included in the Federal List. The manual contains tasks for organizing collective and independent work.

Morphological analysis of the verb

Determine the part of speech, establish the general meaning, ask a question about the word to determine the part of speech.

Determine the initial form of the verb - to do this, put the verb in the indefinite form.

Set signs:

a) constants:

conjugation (1 conjugation / 2 conjugations / heterogeneous conjugations),

b) non-permanent:

time (past / present / future),

person (if any), gender, number.

4. Role in a sentence, asking a question to determine a member of a sentence, appropriate underlining.

Sample morphological analysis of a verb

An example of parsing the word “intensified” in the sentence “The snow was getting heavier every minute.”

Oral analysis

Strengthened - verb. Indicates action: the snow (what was it doing?) intensified.

Initial (indefinite) form - intensify;

1st conjugation;

the verb is used in the past tense form (the person cannot be determined), masculine, singular.

4. The snow (what did it do?) intensified - in the sentence the verb “intensified” is a predicate, underlined by two horizontal lines (bars).

Written analysis

The snow was getting heavier every minute.

Intensified - verb., the snow (what did it do?) intensified;

N.f. - intensify;

I reference, in the past vr., m.r. units

The snow (what was it doing?) intensified - predicate.

Morphological analysis of the adverb

Determine the part of speech, establish the general meaning, ask a question about the word to determine the part of speech.

Morphological characteristics (immutability).

Role in a sentence, posing a question to determine a member of a sentence, appropriate underlining.

Example of morphological analysis of an adverb

An example of parsing the word “quickly” in the sentence “At a school reading speed test, Lena read quickly and without errors.”

Oral analysis

Quickly - adverb. Indicates a sign of action: read (how?) quickly.

An unchangeable word.

I read (how?) quickly - in the sentence the adverb “quickly” is an adverbial adverb, underlined by a dash-dotted line (dash-dotted line).

Written analysis

At the school reading speed test, Lena read quickly and without errors.

Quickly - adv., read (how?) quickly;

Sign of action, unchanged;

I read (how?) quickly - circumstance.