EntrancePreparation for the Unified State Exam year Russian language. Reasons for introducing the oral exam
The topic that perhaps most worried future school graduates was the possible introduction of a third compulsory subject on the Unified State Exam. A variety of subjects were mentioned as possible “candidates” – from history to physics.
However, all significant innovations in the Unified State Exam 2017 should have been announced on the official FIPI website before the start school year and will certainly be reflected in the draft examination schedule. But there is no official news about the “third compulsory” at the beginning of the school year. Therefore, eleventh graders can breathe a sigh of relief: the list compulsory subjects on the Unified State Exam 2017 does not change, there are still two of them:
Russian language(the results of which are taken into account for admission to all universities in the country without exception);
mathematics– basic or profile level to choose from.
Nevertheless, the issue of a third compulsory exam continues to be discussed - but, as representatives of the Ministry of Education assured, a decision will be made only after public discussion. And this will not happen “right now.”
Unified State Examination in Russian Language - 2017: changes in individual tasks
The structure of the Russian language task will remain unchanged: a block of tasks with short answers and an essay analyzing the problems posed in the journalistic or artistic text proposed to the examinee. There is no word yet on the appearance of the oral part of speech. In the future, “speaking” may appear in the Unified State Exam in Russian, but representatives of the Ministry of Education stipulated that this technology will be preliminary “tested” at the Unified State Exam in classes.
In 2017, changes to the Unified State Examination in the Russian language are planned for only three tasks, and they will not be very significant. In all cases, we are talking about expanding the language material:
in task No. 17(in proposals that include separate structures) will be presented not only introductory words, but also appeals;
in task No. 22(lexical in context) examinees previously had to find in a given fragment only one word or expression (for example, a phraseological phrase) that corresponded to the criteria of the task. Now the task becomes more complicated: from several “suitable” lexical units you will have to choose the one that most accurately meets the conditions of the task.
in task 23(write down the numbers of sentences related to the previous ones in a certain way) now both one and several correct answers are possible. That is, the student needs to find all such sentences in the passage and enter either one or several numbers in the form.
Unified State Exam in Mathematics -2017: profile and basic exam without changes
The Unified State Exam in mathematics remains divided into two levels:
- relatively simple base an exam graded on a five-point scale, which mainly tests knowledge in the so-called “” field and the results of which are not accepted upon admission to a university and are needed only to obtain a certificate;
profile- much more complex, for those graduates who plan to enter technical universities where mathematics is a compulsory subject for admission.
According to official data published on the FIPI website, no changes are planned in any of the exams compared to 2016. However, students who have chosen a specialized level, when preparing for the Unified State Exam in mathematics, should keep in mind that the authors of the exam have taken a course to counteract “training” in solving problems of a certain type. And tasks of increased complexity may turn out to be non-standard: not beyond the scope of the school course, but requiring “mathematical ingenuity.”
In 2016, the presence of problems in the versions that differed in the solution algorithm from the options presented in the demo versions came as a surprise to many and caused protests and demands to reconsider the results. However, the developers of the exam made their position quite clear: one of the main functions of the Unified State Exam is to differentiate students by level of knowledge, and schoolchildren who have perfectly mastered the full school mathematics course are more prepared to study the subject at the university level and should have advantages over those who have simply trained to solve problems. tasks of a given type. So, most likely, “non-standard” mathematics tasks in 2017 will also be included in KIMs.
Unified State Exam in Social Studies: minor changes in structure
The USE in 2017 will generally correspond to the 2016 model:
- block of tasks with short answers;
- a block of tasks with detailed answers;
- An “alternative” task is to write an essay on the topic of one of the proposed statements.
However, minor changes are planned in the block of short answer tasks. The task that appeared in the 2016 KIMs under number 19 (differentiation of facts, opinions and value judgments) will be excluded from it. But there will be one more task in the “law” module: choosing the correct judgments from lists, which will be the seventeenth in a row.
The total number of tasks and the maximum primary score in the exam in the most popular elective subject will remain unchanged.
Unified State Exam in Physics 2017: significant changes, exclusion of the test part
The Unified State Exam in Physics in 2017 will be one of the three subjects that have undergone the most significant changes: and The test part is completely excluded from the exam structure, which involves choosing one correct answer from a list of options. Instead it will be significantly expanded set of tasks with short answers(in the form of a word, number or sequence of numbers). At the same time, the distribution of tasks across sections of the school course will remain approximately the same as in previous years. In total, the first block of the exam will have 21 questions:
- 7 – in mechanics,
- 5 – on thermodynamics and MCT,
- 6 – on electrodynamics,
- 3 – in quantum physics.
The second part of the examination paper (problems with detailed answers) will remain unchanged. The primary score on the Unified State Exam in Physics will also remain at the level of last year.
Unified State Examination in Literature -2017: structure unchanged, but more questions on knowledge of the text
By 2018, the Unified State Exam in Literature will undergo drastic changes: FIPI plans to completely eliminate the block of tasks with short answers, leaving only four mini-essays and one full-length one. But in 2017, the literature exam will be held according to the old, already familiar model:
- the first semantic block is an excerpt from an epic or dramatic work, 7 questions with short answers and two mini-essays on it;
- the second block is a lyrical work, 5 questions about it with short answers and two mini-essays;
- the third is an extended essay (choice of three topics).
However, while in 2016 most short answer questions were primarily aimed at testing knowledge of basic literary terms, then in 2017 these assignments will be aimed primarily at knowledge of the realities of the text. Thus, it will no longer be possible to “cross the threshold” only by knowing a small amount of theory.
You should pay attention to one more feature of the literature exam. In accordance with the rules, KIMs can include not only poems included in the school curriculum. If a poet is included in the codifier, any of his poems can be offered for analysis. And this is legitimate - since mini-essays on a poetic passage should demonstrate the examinee’s ability to analyze the text independently, and not remember the corresponding paragraph of the textbook. In 2016, “non-program” poems appeared in many versions of KIMs, and, most likely, this trend will continue in 2017.
Unified State Examination in Biology - radical changes in 2017, exclusion of the test part and increase in duration
The Unified State Exam model in biology will change fundamentally in 2017: from the assignment the “test” component will be completely eliminated(questions with the choice of one correct answer from four proposed options), but the number of tasks with short answers will be increased.
In the control and measuring materials will appear fundamentally new types of tasks for the Unified State Exam in biology, among which:
- restoration of missing elements or diagrams;
- analysis of graphs, charts and tables;
- searching for errors in the notation in the figure;
- inferring the properties of a biological object from a “blind” image (without captions).
However, the developers of the exam believe that the updated Unified State Exam in biology will not cause significant difficulties for students: many types of tasks have already been tested on the Unified State Exam. The number of tasks with detailed answers will not change - there will still be seven of them, and the types of questions will correspond to the 2016 model.
Changing the structure of the exam will entail a number of changes in the procedure and grading scale:
- the total number of tasks will decrease from 40 to 28;
- the primary score is reduced to 59 (in 2017 it was 61);
- The time to complete the work is increased by half an hour, the duration of the exam will be 210 minutes.
Unified State Examination in a foreign language – practically unchanged
The USE in foreign languages in 2017 will be held almost the same as in 2016, with only one exception. Formulation of task No. 3 in the oral part of the exam (picture description) will be changed. As FIPI experts note, when describing images, examinees sometimes abuse “imaginary circumstances,” claiming, for example, that their relatives (including wives and children) or themselves are depicted here (“I’m an astronaut and I’m floating in zero gravity”). This conflicts with the purpose of this task, which tests the ability to fully and accurately describe a specific photograph.
Therefore, the task will be clarified. Thus, in the Unified State Examination in Language in 2017, the word Imagine is excluded from the wording, and the word present is changed to describe. Similar changes will be made to KIMs for other foreign languages - so that it is clear that we are talking specifically about describing a picture, and not a “story based on it”.
Unified State Exam in Chemistry 2017: significant changes, exclusion of the test part
The 2017 Unified State Exam model in chemistry will also undergo significant changes related to the exclusion of the test part - and increase in the number and types of tasks with short answers. Among them there will be, for example:
- tasks with choosing two correct options from several proposed ones,
- compliance questions,
- calculation tasks.
Will change and structure of the first part exam: it will include several thematic blocks dedicated to one of the sections - and each block will contain tasks of both basic and advanced levels of complexity. The second part of the exam paper (tasks with detailed answers) will remain almost the same as in previous years.
Wherein:
- the total number of tasks will decrease from 40 to 34;
- the maximum primary score will decrease from 64 to 60;
- tasks No. 9 and 17 (relationship of organic and inorganic substances) will no longer be assessed with one primary point, but with two.
Unified State Examination in History - minor changes in the assessment system
In 2017, the history exam will be almost completely identical to last year’s options. However, there will be changes in the assessment system: the “cost” of two tasks will increase from one initial point to two:
task number 3(choice of terms relating to a specific historical period);
task number 8(selecting missing expressions from the list of proposed options).
In addition, the wording and evaluation criteria for assignment No. 25 (an essay devoted to one of the historical periods) will be clarified.
Unified State Examination in computer science and ICT in 2017 – without computers, no changes
Structure and technology conducting the Unified State Exam in Computer Science and ICT in 2017 will be fully consistent with the 2016 examination model. There is also no talk about the use of computers by examinees - although this idea (taking into account the specifics of the subject - absolutely logical) is actively discussed, this year’s graduates will again have to work with traditional forms.
When preparing for the exam, you should not lose sight of some features of the test materials:
- task No. 27 is given in two versions, one of which is simpler and is worth 2 points, the second – 4;
- To write the program in task 27, you can use any programming language of the examinee’s choice.
Unified State Exam in Geography: minor changes in the assessment system
No adjustments will be made to the control and measurement materials in geography in 2017, however, the “weight” of individual tasks will change: maximum score for four tasks it will be increased, and for another four tasks it will be reduced.
Thus, the cost of tasks Nos. 3, 11, 14 and 15 will increase from one primary point to two (all - for identification and selection from a list of correct statements).
The following tasks were reduced from two points to one:
9 (location of the population of Russia, working with a map),
12 (distinguishing between true and false statements about urban and rural populations);
13 (geography of transport, industries and Agriculture Russia);
19 (export and international transport).
The maximum primary score remained unchanged – 47.
Official information about changes in the Unified State Examination 2017
All official documents related to passing the Unified State Exam are promptly published on the website of the Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements (FIPI). There is also a summary of changes, however, in order to get a complete impression of the “new trends” in the examination company, this is not enough - the information in the table is given very concisely and concerns only fundamental changes.
To keep up to date with all the details passing the Unified State Exam in 2017 “first-hand”, you can also:
get acquainted with the KIM Unified State Exam projects current year and carefully study the structure of the examination paper;
study guidelines for teachers, compiled based on the results of 2016 - they analyze in detail the typical mistakes of last year’s graduates and “chew on” and justify the planned changes.
It is necessary to carefully monitor changes in Unified State Exam options: If you don’t pay attention to a new criterion or type of task, this will lead to an unfortunate loss of points. We have collected everything new in the Unified State Exam so that graduates know what to prepare for in 2019.
Russian language
What's new?
- Added new task No. 21
- Changed the format of tasks No. 2, 9-12
- Increasing scores on criterion K2 and changing criterion K4 in an essay
- For task No. 1, a maximum of one point is given instead of two.
- Task No. 20 now goes under item No. 6
New task No. 21
It tests the ability to conduct punctuation analysis of a text, that is, explain which punctuation mark needs to be placed and why. It involves searching for constructions with commas, colons and dashes in the proposed text. Behind the right decision 1 point is given. The numbers of correct answers can be indicated in any order; their number is limited only by the number of sentences.
In the demo version of the exam, new task No. 21 looks like this:
It is important to pay attention to the task, because graduates consistently perform poorly on punctuation tasks. Most often, problems arise with the rules on the topics “Punctuation in sentences with introductory constructions”, “Punctuation in sentences with homogeneous members", "Punctuation in complex sentences consisting of several parts."
Task No. 2
The task has become more complicated; there are no more answer options to choose from. Instead of choosing a word from the proposed list to fill the gap, you will have to select it yourself. The task tests the ability to identify relationships between sentences and use means of communication between them.
Tasks No. 9-12
The changes affected the form of completing the task: instead of writing out words with missing letters, you need to choose the answer option with a number.
On the one hand, it has become simpler - you don’t need to write out a whole word, on the other hand, it has become more complicated, because there can be more than one answer options.
Composition
Now, when writing an essay according to criterion K2 “Commentary on the formulated problem of the source text,” they give 5 points instead of 3.
To get all 5 points you need to:
- Comment on the author’s position based on the source text
- Give 2 examples-illustrations from the text that are important for understanding the problem
- Explain both examples
- Identify semantic connections between examples
- Avoid factual errors related to understanding the problem of the text. For example, if the text raises the problem of creating a reputation, you should not talk about the categories of good and evil
The K4 evaluation criterion has changed. Now there is no need to give arguments from life experience or literary works. Instead of 3 points, they give 1. For the criterion to be counted, it is necessary to express your attitude towards the author’s position, agreeing with him or not, and justify your answer.
Literature
There are no plans for significant changes in the structure and content of the Unified State Examination in literature.
What's new?
The criteria for verification and evaluation in assignments have been clarified:
- No. 8 and 15 - the wording in K1 and the calculation of errors in K2 have been clarified.
- No. 9 and 16 - options for shortcomings in answers have been added to K1 and K2.
- No. 17.1–17.4 in K4 added calculation of logical errors.
Tasks 8 and 15
The point “The answer is meaningfully related to the task” was replaced with “the answer to the question is given”; the essence of the criterion has not changed - the text must be understood correctly, and the author’s position must not be distorted.
Factual errors are taken into account more strictly: if two or more are made, 0 points are given according to the second criterion, 1 point if one error is made, and a maximum of 2 points if there are no errors.
Tasks 9 and 16
These tasks test how well the graduate can match the proposed piece of art with another of school curriculum. Here, according to the first criterion, you can get a maximum of 2 points if the work is named, the author is indicated, it is compared with the proposed text in a given direction, the position of the author of the work is determined correctly.
The main changes concern what you can get 1 point for: this year it is permissible to compare works in a formal manner, that is, simply repeat the wording of the task.
Tasks 17.1–17.4
In the evaluation criteria, it was clarified for how many logical errors points are reduced. So 0 errors is 3 points according to the criterion, 1-2 errors - 2 points, 3-4 errors - 1 point, more than 4 errors - 0.
Social science
Global changes in the structure and content of control and measuring Unified State Exam materials in social studies is not planned in 2019.
What's new?
- Assignment No. 25 - the wording of the assignment has been clarified and the assessment system has been changed. The maximum score has been increased from 3 to 4.
- Tasks No. 28, 29 - the wording was clarified, the assessment systems were improved.
- Maximum primary score increased from 64 to 65.
Task No. 25
Unlike last year, the current answer to the task must contain at least three sentences:
- sentences or several sentences revealing the meaning of the concept from the task,
- information about three types of disciplinary sanctions from the social studies course,
- proposals that reveal the essence of the principle of humanism of legal responsibility.
The concept is assessed separately, with a maximum of 2 points, for two other aspects - proposals - also given a maximum of 2 points. If the definition in the first sentence is incorrect, then the second part of the lesson will not be assessed at all.
The answer is not:
- repeat a concept whose meaning must be revealed;
- indicate a feature that is already contained in the wording of the task;
- explain the meaning of a concept through negation, metaphor, allegory;
- use language that distorts the meaning of the concept or its individual aspects;
- use reasoning of everyday rather than social science nature;
- use unused sentences.
Task No. 28
In this task, it is necessary to draw up a complex plan that will reveal the stated topic. As last year, the plan must contain at least three points, but now at least two of them must be described in detail.
To get the maximum score on an assignment:
- the answer must be given in the form of a plan, other forms: text, diagram, table are unacceptable;
- it is necessary to draw up a plan of at least three points;
- at least two points must be described in subparagraphs;
- the plan should cover the topic based on social science knowledge.
Task No. 29
The task requires you to choose one of the proposed statements and write a mini-essay based on it.
This year the wording of the task has been changed:
- In the text of the assignment, instead of the word “problem,” “the main idea of the topic raised by the author” is used - this is done so that graduates do not look for or invent a problem, but focus on the meaning of the statement.
- Expand the idea of the statement based on social science knowledge (concepts and theoretical positions).
- For illustration, use two or more examples from different sources: public life, media reports; personal experience, including reading and viewing from others educational subjects. Examples should not be of the same type!
The evaluation criteria have become clearer; now it is impossible to get through with an essay that uses phrases and judgments at the everyday level. The main change affected criterion 29.3: now a maximum of 1 point is given for it. Its meaning is that reasoning and conclusions must be consistent, consistent, justified and reliable from the point of view of scientific social science.
Story
What's new?
- In task No. 21, a new requirement for the preparation of the answer has been added, and the criteria for its evaluation have been supplemented.
A clause has been added to the text of the assignment: “When answering, avoid quoting redundant text that does not contain provisions that must be given according to the terms of the assignment.” This is due to the fact that graduates often quoted large chunks of the text given in the assignment. Now, if the answer contains unnecessary information, it will not be counted.
Biology
What's new?
- Task No. 2 has been replaced. Added work with a table instead of a task with multiple choice of the correct answer. Now instead of 2 points they give 1.
- Added variants of the problem on genetics in the form of task No. 6. Here it will be necessary to analyze the pedigree and determine the genotype of the descendant according to the scheme.
- The maximum primary score has decreased by 1 and will be 58 points.
Foreign language
What's new?
- The wording and evaluation criteria for task No. 40 - essay writing - have been clarified. The same thing for which many graduates received 0 points this year.
Now in task No. 40 there are two statements to choose from; graduates must choose only one and write a detailed essay according to plan:
- in the introduction, identify the problem by paraphrasing the selected statement;
- express a personal opinion and present 2-3 arguments in support of it;
- express an opposing opinion and give 1-2 arguments in its favor;
- explain why you disagree with the opposing opinion;
- write a conclusion where you reaffirm your opinion.
Hello to all blog readers! In this article I would like to pay special attention to schoolchildren completing their education in 11th grade. At the end of the school year, students throughout Russia are tested. school education, and this exam is briefly called the Unified State Exam. Additions are made to the exam materials every year. I would like to tell you in more detail about the changes in the Unified State Exam 2019 in some subjects.
We will help you prepare for the Unified State Exam and the Unified State Exam
Changes in the Unified State Exam 2019 in Russian
The Russian language still belongs to the category of “compulsory subjects”. The student does not have a choice: whether he will pass this discipline or not. Key changes affecting this subject:
- The number of tasks has been increased by one. Now you need to complete 27 tasks. An additional test was to check the student’s punctuation analysis of the text.
- The tasks will include more difficult questions to test spelling and punctuation knowledge.
- Question No. 1 will earn a maximum of 1 point, instead of 2.
- Task No. 27 requires a more detailed answer. There is a refined formulation developed by the FIPI methodological recommendations.
- The changes affected the essay. Argumentation is scored 1 point. The quality and quantity of the arguments given now does not matter.
- In questions and tasks No. 2, No. 9-12, the format has been changed (hints have been removed).
- A comment on an essay may earn 5 points instead of 3.
FIPI's official comments on the planned changes to CMM in 2019 are posted here.
Changes in the Unified State Exam 2019 in English
Many schoolchildren choose English, since this discipline is often found in the requirements for entrance exams to universities. By English language The following changes will be made in 2019:
- Assignment No. 40 “Writing” will contain 2 topics for the student to choose from instead of one. It is necessary to write a text-reasoning that meets the requirements.
- Strict attitude to answer style: to get the maximum score, no more than 4 style errors are allowed.
Changes in the Unified State Exam 2019 in literature
The main changes in the Unified State Examination in literature relate specifically to the assessment system:
- Questions No. 9 and 15 received more stringent requirements. For 2 mistakes, the student will receive 0 points, but previously he could receive a “saving” 1 point.
- Task No. 17 also received stricter rules for grading: for 1-2 logical errors the overall result will be reduced by 1 point, for 3-4 - by 2 points. To get the maximum score (3 points) on the task, you must not make a single mistake.
Changes in the Unified State Exam 2019 in social studies
Social studies is one of the favorite subjects for schoolchildren to take in the Unified State Examination. The discipline is considered one of the simplest and most understandable. Last changes related to social studies:
- The assessment of the answer to the question will depend on maximum accuracy and transparency. Avoid “abstruse” phrases and long sentences, and also do not use allegorical examples at the everyday level.
- Question No. 25 will earn 4 points instead of 3, meaning the maximum score for the entire paper will now be 65 instead of 64.
- In task No. 28 you will need to describe 2 points instead of one.
- The essay should also be structured clearly and step by step. You should not paint sentences and embellish them with phrases.
Changes in the Unified State Exam 2019 in mathematics
Mathematics is one of the most difficult subjects to learn. In addition, this discipline is required to pass the Unified State Exam. No changes have been made to the CMM in mathematics, however, there are some innovations that are still under consideration:
- According to October 2018 data, the Unified State Examination in mathematics in 2019 can be chosen at only one level: basic or specialized. Previously, it was possible to select two levels at the same time.
- The “basic” level of the Unified State Exam in mathematics allows you to receive only a grade in the certificate; the “profile” level will be necessary for those who must pass mathematics in order to enter a higher educational institution.
Changes in the Unified State Exam 2019 in chemistry
Chemistry is additional subject according to the Unified State Exam, that is, you can choose it and pass it if you need to enter a university. The latest news on changes in chemistry concerns the following points:
- New task added high level difficulty number 30.
- Now the exam will consist not of 40 questions, but of 34. Identical questions will be removed from the exam sheet.
- Despite the addition of a new task, the number of total points for the work has not changed: the maximum score for the entire work is still 60. This is due to the revaluation of points on other questions.
- In the first part of the exam tasks, questions where you can choose only one option are excluded. Now the questions require an answer consisting of 2 or 3 options.
Changes in the Unified State Exam 2019 in biology
The Unified State Examination in biology is also one of the most frequently chosen by schoolchildren. The discipline is clear and interesting. Changes in 2019:
- Additional tables, images and diagrams appeared in the tasks, clearly demonstrating the essence of the issue.
- In task No. 2, you will need to supplement the table, and the maximum score will be 1 point instead of 2. Accordingly, the total score for the entire work has also decreased (58 points instead of 59).
- Question No. 6 previously contained textual formulation, but in new version You may come across a diagram that needs to be supplemented or changed.
Changes in the Unified State Exam 2019 in History
The history exam is particularly difficult for many students, since it is necessary not only to remember a huge number of dates, but also to be able to analyze the actions of politicians of a particular era.
Changes in 2019 affecting this exam are minimal:
- Question #21 is about evaluating the quote. If the quotation is incomplete or, on the contrary, is rich in unnecessary expressions, the answer may not be taken into account.
Changes in the Unified State Exam 2019 in physics
Physics is an interesting but difficult subject, so few people dare to choose it. However, the student has no choice if this subject is a specialized subject for admission to a university. The changes affecting physics are quite minor and are as follows:
- Added new question No. 24, dedicated to the topic of astrophysics.
- The maximum score for the work will be 52, not 50.
Information about changes to the KIM Unified State Exam 2019 is posted on the official website of the FIPI. Speaking of new products, in 2019, Unified State Exam forms will be printed right on the spot before the start of the exam.
In 2019, schoolchildren can expect significant changes affecting all compulsory subjects, as well as additional ones of their choice. I would like to appeal specifically to the parents of schoolchildren: pay special attention to the teenager during such a difficult period. The Unified State Exam is a rather difficult exam, it takes a lot of energy and causes extreme stress. Your children need support and attention.
The Unified State Exam (USE) became the only form of final exams for schools quite a long time ago - in 2009, and was first tested at the turn of the millennium. Adjustments are constantly being made to the Unified State Exam rules, causing schoolchildren and their parents to worry every year.
It has been known for a long time that big changes await the Unified State Examination system. The first to announce this was Dmitry Livanov, the former head of the Ministry of Education. The new head of the department, Olga Vasilyeva, also said in her first interviews that the course of reform will be supported. The reform will continue for several years, and the Unified State Exam 2018 will be no exception.
The first thing that concerns all schoolchildren: both those who are preparing for graduation and those who are just starting their studies is the question “Will the Unified State Exam be canceled in 2018?” The answer to this was given by both the current Minister of Education and the previous one: into the system itself state exam Too much effort has been invested to talk about canceling it now. The Unified State Exam has proven to be an excellent system for testing graduates’ knowledge, providing objective and accurate assessments of students’ knowledge level.
Therefore, at the present time we can only talk about further reform of the Unified State Exam, about its transformations and changes. If the quantity and quality of the latter cause heated discussions, then the Unified State Exam will definitely not be canceled in 2018, as well as in subsequent years.
Compulsory subjects of the Unified State Exam 2018
How many subjects should I take for the Unified State Exam 2018? This question is of great concern to today's high school students. And there are reasons for such concern, or, more correctly, there were. The fact is that in one of the interviews, the previous Minister of Education Dmitry Litvinov said that by 2018 the number of subjects on the Unified State Exam will increase to six. In 2017, according to him, a third was to be added to the number of mandatory exams, and in 2018 - a fourth plus two optional exams, for a total of six. But with the coming to power of the new minister, Olga Vasilyeva, the strategy for reforming the Unified State Examination also changed.
The fact that a third should be added to the two compulsory subjects that exist today has been talked about for quite some time - the first rumors appeared in 2014. However, so far no action has been taken in this regard. And even after the end of the 2016-2017 academic year, graduates will continue to take three exams - two compulsory and one optional.
However, in 2018, that is, at the end of the 2017–2018 academic year, the third mandatory exam will most likely increase. This was said back in 2015, and officials from the Ministry of Education and Science confirm this. All that remains is to decide which subject will be included in the top three compulsory ones.
Today, history is considered the favorite among all other school disciplines. Even the president spoke in favor of the subject, noting that today schoolchildren’s knowledge of their native history leaves much to be desired. As the minister noted, making the discipline one of those for which mandatory exams are taken will increase interest in science and force both students and teachers to pay more attention to the subject. Whether this is so - time will tell.
In second place in popularity is social studies. As FIPI statistics show, schoolchildren choose this subject more often than others - approximately a third of students take social studies as an elective exam. However, after the reform, the exam became somewhat more difficult, and therefore it is no longer possible to say that social studies is a simple subject. 
In third place is physics. Fans of engineering schools are in favor of this subject. Focus on the exact sciences has long been exciting the minds of education officials, but for many schoolchildren physics turns out to be too complex and difficult to study. Taking this into account, it is impossible to say that discipline will be mandatory.
Today it is impossible to say with certainty which compulsory subjects are included in the Unified State Exam 2018. The exact number and name of exams will be known closer to the beginning of the 2017–2018 academic year, that is, until September 2017. So far, only one thing is known for certain - Russian language and mathematics will have to be taken in any case.
Latest news
Upon taking office, the new Minister of Education gave several lengthy interviews, where a lot of attention was paid to the issues of the Unified State Exam. Vasilyeva confirmed that the course towards reforming the Unified State Exam, taken under the previous leader, is still relevant. However, the minister is a fan of gradual changes, smooth reforms, rather than sudden innovations. In addition, Vasilyeva said that before introducing any global changes to the Unified State Examination, they will definitely be brought to the attention of the public. Thus, it is to be hoped that large-scale transformations Unified State Exam structure will not endure in 2018. However, the planned changes will still take place.
Speaking about changes, first of all, we mean reforming the Unified State Examination in literature. The new exam model has already been announced by FIPI, and you can get acquainted with the demo version of the CMM on the department’s website. So, what new will the Unified State Examination in literature bring in 2018, will schoolchildren write essays, and how difficult will the exam be?
Questions with short answers will be excluded. Some time ago, literature lost its test part; Questions with a choice of one correct answer out of four were replaced by questions with short answers. This part is aimed at checking terminology - examiners must ensure that students are familiar with all the terms used in the discipline. However, the new minister said that from 2018 literature will become a more creative subject, and therefore there will be no need for a special “terminology” part.
Simplifying the task of analyzing a work. The second type of task is a kind of mini-essay, when the text presented in the KIM had to be compared with two others, which the student must remember on his own. From 2018, students will only need to provide one text for analysis.
Increasing the number of topics for essays. Until 2018, schoolchildren were offered only three topics to choose from when writing an essay. After the reform, the number of topics will increase to four or even five.
Increasing the volume of the essay. Today, the minimum length of an essay is 200 words. From 2018, its length must be at least 250 words.
Appearance of essay grades. Today, as you know, there are only two criteria for an examination essay - “passed” or “failed.” In 2018, it is planned to introduce a grading scale for this block of the exam - now the essay will be assessed according to the five-point system familiar to schoolchildren.
The new Unified State Examination model in literature is currently being tested in 44 regions and, if the result is satisfactory, it will become the main one in 2018. In August, all project documents will be made publicly available on the FIPI website and, over the course of several months, there will be public discussion.
Unified State Exam in a foreign language
The Ministry of Education decided that foreign language in 2018 will still not be included in the list of compulsory subjects. Moreover, discussions on this matter are very heated, since everyone understands how important a foreign language is for building a career.
As a result, today it has been decided that a foreign language will become a mandatory exam only at the Unified State Exam 2022.
In the meantime, those 11th graders who want to be certified in it choose the foreign one as an additional exam.
At the Unified State Exam 2018, the choice of languages will be as follows:
- English;
- German;
- French;
- Spanish;
- Chinese.
The Chinese language was included in the program after trial exams were successfully conducted in Amur schools in 2016.
Unified State Exam 2018 in Crimea and Sevastopol
It is already known absolutely that the Unified State Exam 2018 in Crimea and Sevastopol will be voluntary. And this Last year similar preferences.
Graduates of schools on the peninsula can choose between taking the Unified State Exam and classical graduation and entrance exams to universities.
Meanwhile, statistics show that last year in Sevastopol, 84% of graduates chose the Unified State Exam, and in Crimea as a whole, the figure is much lower - 34%.
Results
There will be changes to the Unified State Examination in 2018 - both Vasilyeva herself and officials of various departments in charge of this issue speak about this. However, it is too early to talk about exactly what these changes will be - exact information will appear only in the second half of 2017.
Changes in the Unified State Exam occur every year, but most of them are not of fundamental importance. The order of tasks is changing, some of them are becoming more complicated, some are being simplified... But the new criteria for assessing assignment No. 27 in the Russian language (essay based on the text) also put forward fundamentally new requirements for the preparation of graduates. And the essay, by the way, is 24 out of 58 primary points, or 41 out of 100 test points!
How have the essay requirements changed? Can you write it yourself taking into account the new criteria? Let's figure it out!
Arguments are no longer required
Any mother whose child has graduated from school in the last few years knows that how important it is in an essay “ literary argument" If you have not yet been interested in this topic, let us briefly recap the essence of the problem: essay is the most difficult and “expensive” Unified State Exam task for 11th-graders in the Russian language. It is written based on a small passage of text, which is given right there in the text of the assignment.
” The essay was evaluated according to a number of criteria, among which one of the main ones was the ability to confirm or refute the author’s point of view on a problem, using the so-called “literary argument” - an example from fiction, journalistic or even popular science literature.
Although the texts that will be used in the Unified State Exam remained a secret until the very last moment, the main topics are known in advance and have not changed for several years. Therefore, tutors and preparation courses for the Unified State Exam (and schools, for that matter) suggested that schoolchildren memorize examples from the “bank of arguments”: love - “Eugene Onegin”, man and nature - “Farewell to Matera”, the role of art in life - “Letters” about the good and the beautiful” by Dmitry Likhachev... As a result, the graduates’ essays, written in the most honest manner, sometimes resembled each other like two peas in a pod. Without delving into the subtleties of the problematics of the text under discussion, they pulled memorized “arguments from the bank” onto it, like an owl onto a globe. It didn't turn out very well, to put it mildly.
We decided to get acquainted with the “argument banks” popular on the Internet and, frankly speaking, we were horrified by their straightforward primitiveness.
Problem: searching for the meaning of life in modern world. In the story by I.A. Bunin “Mr. from San Francisco,” an American millionaire served the “golden calf.” Main character believed that the meaning of life lies in the accumulation of wealth. When the Master died, it turned out that true happiness passed him by.
Problem: the inner beauty of a person. Antoine de Saint-Exupery "The Little Prince". Wise thoughts The Little Prince They can teach even an adult a lot. Our hero said: “Only the heart is vigilant. You can’t see the most important things with your eyes.” And we can say without a doubt that he is right. True beauty is inside a person, in his soul, in his right actions.
Problem: respect for nature. The hero of the poem by N.A. Nekrasov’s “Grandfather Mazai and the Hares” rescues drowning hares during the spring flood, collects them in a boat, and cures two sick ones. The forest is a home for him, and Grandfather Mazai cares and protects those who live in it. This attitude is a lesson in love for nature, careful and reasonable love.
In 2019, the position regarding writing is fundamentally changing. The emphasis shifts to understanding the text under discussion. In 2018, it was necessary to find a problem in the presented text; comment on it, giving at least two examples from the text. Now we need to explain why these particular fragments were chosen and show the relationship between them.
” If earlier this action was awarded three primary points, now it is as many as five.
In 2018, your attitude to the problem had to be supported by at least two arguments, and one of them had to be taken from fiction, journalistic or scientific literature. Now it doesn’t matter how exactly the graduate will confirm his point of view, the main thing is persuasiveness.
” Previously, you could get three points for arguing your opinion, but now - only 1.
This does not mean that a graduate cannot appeal to the authority of literary classics, it’s just that now this is not necessary.
Without arguments - good or bad?
Strictly speaking, Russian language and literature are different subjects. Literary argumentation, of course, demonstrated such an important advantage of a student as erudition. But the Russian exam should reveal completely different qualities: the ability to understand the text, isolate its essence, formulate a problem and maintain a dialogue.
” If we think sensibly, these are the skills that are required for any citizen, no matter what professional path he chooses (after all, the results of the exam in Russian, unlike mathematics, are taken into account when entering any university, for any specialty). Whether a future dentist or heating engineer has read Likhachev or not, this, by and large, is not a matter of principle.
If the Russian exam, like the math exam, had two levels - basic and specialized, many “techies” would probably prefer to take the basic exam. But, since such an option was not offered, and every point for Russian upon admission was counted, “argument banks” and essay catalogs were born.
And now the situation has turned not 180 degrees, but, let’s say, 90. The basis of the essay is not erudition, but the accuracy of understanding the text and the persuasiveness of reasoning. Will this make the exam easier? Not at all! It is enough to study the methodological recommendations of the Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements (FIPI), prepared on the basis of the analysis typical mistakes participants of the Unified State Exam 2018 to understand: it was the commentary on the main problem of the text that became a stumbling block for many graduates:
Statistics on the performance of work as a whole and individual tasks make it possible to identify the main problems in the preparation of examinees in the Russian language. As in previous years, sections of the course related to the formation of communicative competence. Underdeveloped skills analytical work with words and text, lack of necessary analysis practice linguistic phenomena also affect the quality of writing an argumentative essay. Completing a task with a detailed answer (26) demonstrated the most common errors associated with information processing text and presentation own thoughts about what you read.
According to criterion K2 (commenting on the identified problem in the source text), only 47.5% of graduates received 3 points; 2 points 32%; 1 point 13.8%. The level of development of the ability of graduates to conduct text analysis is still not high enough.
On the one hand, in their essays, graduates substantiate the relevance of the problem, reveal its significance for the author of the text, and focus on textual details that illustrate the problem. On the other hand, examinees often delve into their own thoughts without relying on the original text or simply use a paraphrase of it. Many graduates do not consider it necessary to include in their essays the two mandatory examples-illustrations that are important for understanding the problem of the source text.
What should we do... write an essay!
Many of our readers are probably a little confused right now. Is it difficult to see the problem in the text? It seems like it’s not difficult at all, right? How about finding two supporting examples? What about the relationship between them? Well, try your hand at demo versions of the Unified State Exam in Russian - 2019. The text for discussion there will be an excerpt from the story “The Scarecrow” by the writer Nikolai Leskov. We place the text under a spoiler.
Text from demo version Unified State Exam 2019
My father and the police chief were amazed that we had to spend the night in the house of Selivan, whom everyone in the area considered a sorcerer and a robber and who, we thought, wanted to kill us and take advantage of our things and money...
By the way, about money. At the mention of them, the aunt immediately exclaimed:
Oh my god! Where's my box?
In fact, where is this box and the thousands in it? She, imagine that she was not there! Yes, yes, it was the only one that was not in the rooms between the things brought in, nor in the cart - in a word, nowhere... The box, obviously, remained there, in the inn, and is now in Selivan’s hands...
I’m jumping now, jumping there... He’s probably already disappeared somewhere, but he won’t leave me! - said the police officer. - Our happiness is that everyone knows that he is a thief, and everyone doesn’t like him: no one will hide him...
But as soon as the police officer girded himself with his saber, suddenly an extraordinary movement was heard in the hallway between the people who were there, and Selivan entered through the threshold into the hall where we were all, breathing heavily, with his aunt’s box in his hands.
Everyone jumped up from their seats and stopped rooted to the spot.
“Forgot it, take it,” Selivan said dully.
He could not say anything more, because he was completely out of breath from the exorbitant rapid walking and, probably, from strong inner excitement.
He put the box on the table, and, without being asked by anyone, he sat down on a chair and lowered his head and hands.
The box was completely intact. Auntie took the key from her neck, unlocked it and exclaimed:
Everything, everything is as it was!
Safe... - Selivan said quietly. - I kept running after you... I wanted to catch up... I'm sorry that I'm sitting in front of you... I choked.
His father was the first to approach him, hug him and kiss his head.
Selivan did not move.
The aunt took out two hundred-dollar bills from the box and began to give them to him.
Selivan continued to sit and watch, as if he did not understand anything.
Take what they give you,” said the police officer.
For what? No need!
For honestly saving and bringing back the money you had forgotten.
How about that? Is it necessary to be dishonest?
Well, you... good man... you didn’t think to hide someone else’s things.
And he got up from his seat to go back to his disgraced yard, but his father did not let him in: he took him into his office and locked him in there with a key, and then an hour later he ordered the sleigh to be harnessed and taken home.
A day later, this incident was known in the city and in the area, and two days later the father and aunt went to Kromy and, stopping at Selivan, drank tea in his hut and left his wife a warm fur coat. On the way back, they stopped by again and brought him more gifts: tea, sugar and flour.
He took everything politely, but reluctantly and said:
For what? Now, for three days now, all the people started coming to me... The income started... They cooked cabbage soup... They are not afraid of us, as they were afraid of us before.
When I was taken to the boarding house after the holidays, I again had a package with me to Selivan, and I drank tea with him and kept looking at his face and thinking: “What a beautiful, kind face he has! Why did he seem like a scarecrow to me and others for so long?”
This thought haunted me and did not leave me alone... After all, this is the same person who seemed so terrible to everyone, whom everyone considered a sorcerer and a villain. Why did he suddenly become so good and pleasant?
In the subsequent years of my life, I became close to Selivan and had the happiness of seeing how he became a loved and revered person among everyone.
If you couldn’t formulate the problem, here are some hints, or rather, the correct answers from FIPI. So, the text poses the following problems (under the spoiler).
Problems with the text from the demo Unified State Exam 2019
- The problem of human rejection by society.
- The problem of creating a reputation, forming an opinion about a person.
- The problem of manifesting a person's inner beauty.
- The problem of trusting a person.
- The problem of showing honesty.
- The problem of gratitude.
Well, have you identified the problem? Now you need to find two illustrative examples from the text, explain the importance of each example and indicate the relationship between them. Now that you have demonstrated an understanding of the problem, you need to formulate the position of the author (narrator) in relation to it. And now you can express your position in relation to the author’s position (so intricate). So, you've done it all. How many initial points will you receive?
- Definition and formulation of the problem (one of those that FIPI specialists saw in the text) - 1 point.
A little, but nowhere without it. If you make a mistake here, then everything that follows will also be wrong.
They gave two examples from the text to illustrate the problem and showed the relationship between them - the most expensive part of the answer, 5 points.
That's all, you can get another 16 points for your essay for style, punctuation and spelling.
Good luck in passing the Unified State Exam to all graduates and... their mothers!
Prepared by Irina Ilyina