EntrancePresentation on the topic of settlement type. Cities and rural settlements
local government
1. Settlement based on the priority of bringing local self-government bodies closer to the population.
Municipalities at the same time are All cities, towns, large rural settlements and so on. uniting small settlements.
2. Economic based on the fact that the criterion for creating a municipality is level economic development , the presence of developed engineering and social infrastructure, which allows the provision of services to the population. In this case municipalities are
only large cities and rural areas.
3. Two-level municipalities are created in accordance with the administrative-territorial division of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Upper-level municipalities are created in large cities and rural areas, of which the territory of a given subject of the Russian Federation consists.
Municipalities lower level are created in settlements or
compact groups of settlements (small towns, villages) located within the borders municipalities top level.
Territory of a subject of the Russian Federation
Urban
Municipal
Settlements Intersettlement territories
Urban Rural
Territories of municipalities
See: Federal Law dated 10/6/2003 No. 131 Federal Law
Article 10. Territories of municipalities
2. Boundaries of municipal territories
entities are established and amended by the laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in accordance with
requirements provided for in Articles 11 - 13 of this Federal Law.
Article 11. Boundaries of municipalities
1. Boundaries of municipalities
installed and changedin accordance with the following requirements:
1) the territory of a subject of the Russian Federation is delimited between settlements. Low density areas rural population may not be included in the settlement territories;
2) territories of all settlements, except for the territories of urban districts, and
occurring in areas with low population density intersettlement territories are included in
compound municipal districts;
3) the territory of the settlement consists of historically formed lands of settlements, adjacent public lands, territories of traditional environmental management of the population of the corresponding settlement, recreational lands, lands for the development of the settlement;
Territory of the urban settlement:
a) one city (village) + territories intended to develop its infrastructure;
b) either a city (town) + towns and rural settlements , which are not municipal
formations + territories intended for
development of its infrastructure;
Territory of a rural settlement usually one rural locality (population more than 1000 people, for areas with high density more than 3000 people). Or several rural settlements with
population less than 1000/3000 people, united by a common
territory
Territory of a municipal district – territories of urban and rural settlements included in its composition + inter-settlement territory
Changing municipal boundaries
Federal Law dated October 6, 2003 No. 131-FZ Art. 12. Implemented
law of a subject of the Russian Federation.
Procedure options setting boundaries and transforming municipalities:
1st: definitions of boundaries and transformation of existing municipalities.
2nd: setting boundaries newly formed municipalities and giving them the appropriate status.
Initiators: population, local self-government bodies, state bodies of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, federal state bodies;
Transformation of municipalities (options)
Merging several municipalities into one
Division of one municipality into several independent municipalities
Changing the status of an urban settlement due to its being given the status of an urban district or being deprived of
its status as an urban district
Implemented by the laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
(See: Federal Law dated October 6, 2003 No. 131-FZ Art. 13)
THE ROLE OF THE POPULATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT BODIES IN DECISION MAKING ON CHANGING THE BOUNDARIES (TRANSFORMATION) OF MUNICIPAL ENTITIES
1. The consent of the population and the decision of local government bodies (state authorities) are necessary.
Changing the boundaries of municipalities,entailing the attribution of the settlements (settlements) included in them to the territories of other municipalities(v. 12)
Consolidation of municipal districts entails change of boundaries other municipal entities (municipal districts, settlements, urban districts) (Part 4, Article 13);
Changes in the status of an urban settlement urban district And
separating it from the district (Part 7, Article 13);
Changes in the status of the urban district in connection with the granting of his status urban settlement and its inclusion in the district (clause 7, article 13);
Consolidation of settlements entails a change in the boundaries of other municipalities (Part 3, Article 13);
Settlement divisions, in the event of the formation of two or more settlements (Part 5, Article 13,).
Abolition of settlements in areas with low population density (Article 13.1)
2. A decision of local government bodies (state authorities) is necessary,
public opinion is taken into account
Changing the boundaries of municipal districts and settlements,not entailing the assignment of territories individual settlements and (or) settlements within them, respectively, to the territories of other municipal districts or settlements (Part 4, Article 12)
Merger of two or more municipal districts,not entailing changes in the boundaries of other municipalities (Article 13, paragraph 4)
Division of a municipal district (Part 6, Article 13)
Issues of transformation of municipal
education in mandatory must be submitted to public hearings(part 3 of article 28, part.
1 tbsp. 83).
The consent of the population of municipalities is expressed by voting or at meetings.
Territorial organization is one of the most complex issues formation
local government systems in Russia
6. REPRESENTATIVE BODY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Presence in the structure of local government bodiesrepresentative body
municipality , head of municipality, local administration(executive and administrativemunicipal body) is mandatory,except as provided herein Federal law. (see Art. 35 131-FZ)
The procedure for formation, powers, term of office, accountability, control are determined by the Chartermunicipality. The names of the representative body are established by the law of the subject of the Russian Federation, taking into account historical and other local traditions
Representative body of the municipalitymay exercise his powers if at least 2/3 are elected from the established number of deputies (clause 1 of article 35).
A meeting of the representative body of a municipality cannot be considered competent if less than50% of the number of elected deputies. Meetings of the representative body of the municipality are held at least once every three months (clause 1.1, article 35).
OPTIONS FOR FORMING A REPRESENTATIVE BODY OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT
1. Consists of deputies elected by the population in municipal elections
2.May consist of heads of settlements, incoming
V composition of the municipal district,
And from deputies of representative bodies specified settlements elected
representative bodies of settlements from their composition in accordance with an equal rate of representation regardless of the population size of the settlement
The representative body of the municipal district is formed in accordance with the second option, if such a decision, within 1 year from the date of putting forward the corresponding initiative, was supported by representative bodies of at least 2/3 of the settlements that are part of the municipal district. (Part 5 of Article 35 No. 131-FZ)
Number of deputiesrepresentative
settlement authority, including the city district, determined by the charter
municipal formation and depends on the population (Part 6, Article 35 No. 131-FZ)
Number of deputies representative body municipal district cannot have less than 15 people. (Part 7, Article 35 No. 131-FZ)
The number of deputies of the representative body of the intracity territory of a city of federal significance cannot be less than 10 people. (Part 8, Art. 35 No. 131-FZ)
Representative bodymunicipality has the rights of a legal entity. (Ibid. part 9)
Organization of activities of the representative bodymunicipality in accordance with the charter
municipality carried out by the head of the municipality, and if the specified official is the head of the local administration - the chairman of the representative body of the municipality, elected by this body from among its members. (Ibid. Part 14)
Emblem of the unification of territories If you look at the emblem more closely, you can see another picture: people sitting at a round table. Round table Since ancient times, it has symbolized fraternal relationships and knightly behavior. Palms lying in a special way on the table are also a symbol that proclaims universal equality. In general, this emblem confirms: the goal of uniting the city of Bor and all rural areas into a single district is to achieve equality in rights, and unity in further development and prosperity. This is what the emblem of uniting all the territories of our district into a single district looks like. The basis of this logo – a flower – was not chosen by chance. A flower is a symbol of life, development and prosperity, a symbol of goodness and light. Our flower has 9 petals, because today there are 9 settlements in the region: 8 rural and one urban. Having united, they will acquire a common status: they will become a single urban district.
1. Neklyudovo, Oktyabrsky and B. Pikino became part of the city of Bor. 2. Enlarged village councils were created: - “Kantaurovsky” (Kalinsky and Kantaurovsky village councils merged) - “Krasnoslobodsky” (Gorodishchinsky, Krasnoslobodsky, Kerzhenetsky village councils and part of the Ivonkinsky village council) - “Lindovsky” (Kovrovsky, Lindovsky, Spassky and Chistopolsky village councils) - "Ostankinsky » (Bolsheorlovsky, Ostankino and Rustaisky village councils) - “Yamnovsky” (Ivanovsky and Yamnovsky village councils) - “Redkinsky” (Redkinsky, Rozhnovsky and Chistoborsky village councils) - “Sitnikovsky” (Sitnikovsky village council and part of the Ivonkinsky village council) - “PPK Village Council” (village The memory of the Paris Commune was transferred to rural settlements). Mechanism for consolidating settlements since 2005 since 2005
The idea of creating a single district in 2004 In 2004, the Administration of the Borsky District considered the issue of granting the municipal formation "Borsky District" the status of a single district. For this purpose, from July 12 to July 25, 2004, signatures were collected in the Borsky district in support of the legislative initiative to give the Borsky district the status of an urban district. The initiative to endow the Borsky district with this status was supported by residents of the Borsky district, that is, 57.9% of the number of residents with the right to vote.
The idea of creating a single district in 2004, the Zemsky Assembly and the administration of the Borsky district adopted Resolutions 70 of June 30, 2004 “On the legislative initiative of the population” and 71 of June 30, 2004 “On the legislative initiative to adopt the Law of the Nizhny Novgorod Region “On Approval of the Boundary of the Municipal Formation” Borsky district and granting it the status of an urban district"
Structure of the Borsky district after the consolidation of settlements (since 2005) Population of the district - 120 thousand people Government bodies: - 1 district administration - 1 city administration and 8 village council administrations. The number of management bodies is 398 people. (increased by 29)
City of Bor residents Kantaurovsky village council of residents Krasnoslobodskaya village council of residents Village Council of Memory of the Paris Commune of residents Lindovsky village council of residents Sitnikovsky village council of residents Ostankino village council of residents Yamnovsky village council of residents Redkinsky village council of residents Separate settlements in the region
Formation of revenues of local budgets (districts and settlements) in accordance with Article 57 of the Federal Law 131 Standard of deductions (% of the total tax) Types of taxes RegionSettlements (urban and rural) Personal income tax 2010 Land tax-100 Property tax for individuals -100 Property tax for legal entities 50 -
City of Bor Solid waste disposal, sewerage Kantaurovsky village council water supply, solid waste disposal Krasnoslobodskaya village council gasification, water supply Village Council in Memory of the Paris Commune solid waste disposal Lindovsky village council Gasification, water supply, heating, solid waste disposal Sitnikovsky village council water supply, solid waste disposal Ostankino village council Gasification, water supply, heating, roads Yamnovsky village council gasification Redkinsky village council Gasification, solid waste disposal Main problems of settlements
1. Lack of financial resources to ensure powers, - low level development of infrastructure and improvement in most settlements. Among the main problems: - in the city of Bor - disposal of solid waste million rubles, completion of the city's sewerage system 360 million rubles. -in the Lindovsky village council - gasification 31.8 million rubles, water supply 18.6 million rubles, heat supply 46.8 million rubles. -in the Sitnikovsky village council - solid waste disposal 70 million rubles, water supply 66.4 million rubles. -in the Kanturovsky village council - water supply 28 million rubles, solid waste disposal 70 million rubles. -in the Krasnoslobodsky village council - gasification 62 million rubles, water supply 24 million rubles. -in the Redkinsky village council - gasification 31.1 million rubles, recycling of solid waste 70 million rubles. -in the Ostankino village council - gasification 43.5 million rubles, water supply 6.2 million rubles, heat supply 35 million rubles. -in the Yamnovsky village council - gasification 24 million rubles. -in the village council of Memory Paris Commune- recycling of solid waste 84 million rubles. Main problems of settlements
2. As powers are transferred, there will be a need to significantly increase the staff of settlement administrations and create services: - finance, - economics, - architecture, - municipal order, - property management, - management of culture and sports. Main problems of settlements
Consolidation of all settlements of the Borsky municipal district into a single municipal entity with the status of an urban district. Borsky district is a single municipal entity after the unification of all settlements. In 2004, Borsky district is a single municipal entity =
According to a similar scheme, transformation has already been carried out in the following cities. From January 1, 2006, the Domodedovo district of the Moscow region was given the status of an urban district. On May 27, 2007, the Yeisk urban district was formed in Krasnodar region V Belgorod region in 2007, two urban districts were created on the basis of municipal districts - Gubkin and Stary Oskol. In June 2008, a similar referendum took place in the city of Novomoskovsk, Tula Region. A similar vote is scheduled for October 2009 in the Nevelsky district Sakhalin region
World experience In European countries (Denmark, Germany, Sweden, etc.) in the period from 1962 to 1975, there was also a significant reduction in the number of municipalities (municipalities, communes) due to their consolidation. For example, in Sweden from 1962 to 1995 the number of municipalities decreased by almost 10 times: from 2500 to 288. The unification of municipalities in Europe was caused by similar reasons - a deficit of local budgets, the lack of their own revenue sources, and the personnel problem of municipalities.
The effect of merging settlements Improved controllability, optimization of budget policy (a single budget that takes into account the interests of all territories) Optimization of the management structure, reduction of the cost of maintaining the apparatus (reduction of the management apparatus in comparison with the existing level) Increasing the investment potential of the territory
The effect of merging settlements The amount of costs for organizing and conducting voting will be 2 million rubles. The reduction in management costs as a result of the reforms will amount to more than 27 million rubles. These funds can be used to carry out the following types of work: Construction of a road with the installation of a road curb - 5 km Construction of a road without a curb - 7.5 km Construction of a gas pipeline with a diameter of 100 mm - 33 km Construction of a water pipeline with a diameter of 100 mm - 23 km Construction of a power line - 33 km Housing construction m2
Territorial departments of the district administration in the form of legal entities Linda – population people. Kantaurovo – people. Sitniki – people. Krasnaya Sloboda – people. Redkino – people. Ostankino – people. Yamnovo – people PPK - people
Representative bodies Today in the region there are 80 deputies of village councils 17 deputies of the City Duma (established number of 20 deputies) 22 deputies of the Zemsky Assembly (established number of 24 deputies) A total of 119 deputy mandates (established number of 124 deputies) After the transformation, the number of deputies will be 36 people who will be elected by district to the new representative body of the district - the Council of Deputies
During the transformation, all benefits for rural residents are preserved. When all rural municipalities are united together with the city of Bor, the boundaries of settlements do not change. Only the name of the formed municipal entity and its form change administrative-territorial devices. Since rural areas are understood as rural settlements, and not rural municipalities, then all existing measures social support certain categories of citizens working and living in rural areas will be preserved. According to the letter of the Government of the Nizhny Novgorod Region dated November 1, 2008 / “On measures of social support for certain categories of citizens”
During the transformation, all benefits for rural residents are preserved. All social support measures for paying for housing, heating and lighting for teaching staff. educational institutions, employees of state regional and municipal institutions of health care, culture, social services, veterinary services, working and living in rural areas, provided in accordance with the laws of the Nizhny Novgorod region of November 29, 2004 “On measures of social support for certain categories of citizens for paying for housing, heating and lighting”, dated November 30, 2007, “On measures of social support for teaching staff of educational institutions working and living in rural areas and workers’ settlements of the Nizhny Novgorod region” remain.
During the transformation, all benefits for rural residents are preserved. When all village councils and the city are united into a single municipal entity with the status of an urban district, all tax benefits and tariffs for housing and communal services for rural residents are preserved.
Electricity tariff rates in accordance with the Decision of the Regional Tariff Service of the Nizhny Novgorod Region dated November 24, 2008 36/14 Population living in urban areas Single-rate base tariff 1.9 rubles/kWh Single-rate economically justified tariff 3.4 rubles/kW. h Population living in rural settlements Single-rate base tariff 1.33 rub./kWh Single-rate economically justified tariff 2.38 rub./kWh Since the status of settlements does not change during the merger (they are preserved), the tariff policy for urban and rural population will act the same as now
Initiative of the Zemsky Assembly and Administration At a meeting of the Zemsky Assembly on June 30, 2009, Decision 51 was adopted “On the initiative to transform the municipalities that are part of the Borsky municipal district,” thus the Zemsky Assembly and the administration of the Borsky district took the initiative to transform the settlements of the Borsky district through unification the city of Bor with village councils and granting the established settlement the status of an urban district. To date, this initiative has been approved by the decisions of the City Duma of the city of Bor and all rural councils of settlements in the region. Public hearings on this issue will also be held in all settlements in the near future
List of authorized representatives 1. Yusov Nikolai Nikolaevich - honorary citizen of the Borsky district. 2. Danilov Vladimir Sergeevich - Chairman of the Veterans Council, honorary citizen of the Borsky district. 3.father Alexy (Parfenov) – Dean of the Borsky district. 4. Lebedev Pavel Grigorievich - President of the Bor Association of Commodity Producers, General Director of CJSC "Bor Silicate Plant", Deputy of the Zemsky Assembly of the Bor District 5. Mirgorodskaya Elena Evgenievna - Chairman of the Youth Public Chamber of the Bor District, Head of the Public Relations Department of JSC AGC Borsky glass factory" 6. Lezov Nikolay Nikolaevich - director of Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School 10, member of the Public Chamber of the Nizhny Novgorod Region. 7.Molodkin Alexey Vasilievich – pensioner. 8. Eliseev Valery Petrovich - Head of the Nizhny Novgorod River School named after. I.P. Kulibina, member of the Public Chamber of the Nizhny Novgorod Region. 9. Olga Aleksandrovna Kindeeva – director of the Krasnoslobodsky Palace of Culture. 10. Margarita Alekseevna Kupriyanova – Chairman of the Council of Veterans of the village of Zheleznodorozhny. 11.Kashin Valery Aleksandrovich – director of the Municipal Educational Institution Kantaurovskaya Secondary School. 12. Surkov Konstantin Ivanovich – former. head of the Lindovsky village council. 13. Balbekova Nadezhda Vasilievna – director of the Redkinskaya Secondary School. 14. Lyudmila Fedorovna Sokova – director of the Ostankino Secondary School. 15. Fomicheva Valentina Vladimirovna – specialist of the 1st category of the Yamnovsky administration, former. Head of Ivanovskaya village administration. 16. Dmitriev Gennady Petrovich – deputy of the village council of the PPK, pensioner, former director of the SSRZ PPK. 17. Vera Polikarpovna Zamashkina – chairman of the trade union of trade workers. 18. Yashkova Tatyana Ivanovna – chairman of the trade union of healthcare workers. 19. Natalya Vadimovna Solyaninova - chief accountant of the finance department of the Borsky district administration 20. Irina Vladimirovna Maslennikova - deputy of the village council of the PPK.
Pravda.Ru previously reported on the conflict between the authorities of the Moscow region and the head of the Serpukhov district of the Moscow region, Alexander Shestun. The conflict became so widespread that it reached the Kremlin.
Although, according to Shestun, the presidential administration knew about what was happening before. And they even allegedly participated. But the matter is not only and not so much in the quarrels of one individual official with his superiors.
Let us recall that the main reason for Shestun’s conflict with the authorities of the Moscow region was the municipal reform that is being carried out in the region. We are talking about the so-called consolidation of municipalities, designed to optimize budget expenditures, improve manageability and reduce the number of officials.
Well, since optimization in Russia has been, so to speak, a trend in public administration for several years now, it would not be very fair to talk only about the Moscow region. After all, similar events are held on a larger or smaller scale throughout the country.
Just the other day, the Legislative Assembly of the Irkutsk Region adopted in the first reading the bill “On the transformation of the Naratai and Novotelbinsk municipalities of the Kuitunsky district and on amendments to the Law of the Irkutsk region “On the status and boundaries of the municipalities of the Kuytunsky district of the Irkutsk region.”
Let us delve a little deeper into the topic, even despite the rather bureaucratic description of the motives that prompted the Irkutsk deputies to pay attention to this topic.
In general, the initiative in this case belonged to the municipal deputies of the Kuytunsky district. The consolidation is explained by concern for the residents of the Naratai municipality, of whom there are 185 people. There is no school or post office, no agricultural, transport, or industrial enterprises; the distance from the district center is 129 kilometers. Due to the lack of development prospects for the municipality, it was proposed to merge it with the Novotelbinsk municipal district.
According to the Chairman of the Committee on Legislation on State Construction and Local Self-Government Boris Alekseev, transformation through their unification will improve the efficiency of the functioning of local government bodies, combine available resources for their rational use, and will also allow for more efficient development in the future.
As a matter of fact, this is a typical argument that is intended to explain initiatives to consolidate municipalities. Any regional features not visible. Only in terms of distances between settlements - in the Moscow region, the united municipalities are located much closer to each other.
Although, it is worth saying that the distance between the united MOs is a serious factor. And often very negative. This, in particular, was discussed in the study of the Institute of Urban Economics, “Territorial accessibility of local self-government in the Russian Federation,” which was presented at the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation in July last year.
The authors of the study proceeded from the fact that for residents of settlements located 15 km from the center of the municipality, access to decision-making local government bodies (LSGs) and government services is difficult.
The study took into account the climate in different regions, the condition of roads, and the operation of public transport - the situation in 18 regions was analyzed. For example, in the Krasnodar Territory there are 18.9% of settlements with difficult transport accessibility, in the Volgograd Region - 16.6%, in the Krasnoyarsk Territory - 20.9%.
The consolidation of municipalities is worsening the situation: in the Nizhny Novgorod region, for example, transport accessibility is difficult in 18.1% of settlements. If a settlement is 25 km from the center, then the situation with transport accessibility becomes critical.
According to the study, in the Krasnoyarsk Territory there are 5.2% of such municipalities, in the Volgograd Region - 1.5%, in Ulyanovsk - 1.9%, in Nizhny Novgorod - 1.8%. Relatively small percentages should not be misleading - we are talking about settlements in which thousands of people live.
The transformation of municipal districts into urban districts, in which the settlement level of local self-government is abolished, significantly complicates the population's access to local authorities and government services. In the Kaliningrad region there are 45% of such settlements, in the Sverdlovsk region - 68.9%, in the Magadan region - 36%, in the Moscow region - 30.3%.
The study noted that the transformation of municipal districts into urban districts “has acquired a large scale, and completely self-sufficient municipalities are falling under the comb of consolidation and liquidation.”
Of course, it can hardly be denied that in some cases the consolidation of municipalities actually has an economic justification. However, this does not remove the question of how much the reform takes into account the specifics of the regions.
And not even just regions, but in general each individual case of consolidation. There are serious doubts that attention is being paid to such a problem. Otherwise, why would the head of the Public Chamber’s commission on local self-government, Andrei Maksimov, say during the presentation of the study that the transformations “create problems for residents to receive government services and do not allow them to participate in decision-making at the level of municipalities.”
Then, by the way, it was promised to go out "in power structures and the Federal Assembly to give our decisions the force of law or state-sanctioned recommendations." Judging by the rapid development of the conflict, which was mentioned at the beginning of the material, something has again gone wrong.
/ The author’s opinion may not coincide with the editorial position /
“Man and his activities” - Labor. Right to work. Teaching. Laziness. Glossary. Interaction. Contents of the activity. Main activities. Man and his activities. A game. Labeling table. Purpose of the activity. Activity. Human life. Dynamic system. External conditions.
"Game activity" - Didactic games; Business games; Game situations; Non-standard forms of lessons; Education: Moscow state academy physical culture, 1997 Competitive programs - Specially organized competitions in any type of activity. Thematic games for life safety lessons. Results of educational activities.
“Human activity and its diversity” - The essence and structure of activity. Activities. Activity. The form of existence of human society. What drives human activity. The concept of "activity". Classification of activities. Creative activity. Needs and interests. Human activity and its diversity. Means of achievement.
“Activity and personality” - Game time. Moral. Work. The concept of personality. The personality of each person. A game. Personality structures. Kind of activity. Activities. Abstract model. Model of dynamic structure. Category social. Activity. Activity and personality. Number of movements. The process of human creation of material and spiritual values.
“Human activity” - Predictive activity. Interests. Practical activities (aimed at changing environment). Needs. Social attitudes. Activity. Cognitive activity. Fill in the missing word. Result. Value-oriented activities. Beliefs. The result does not meet the goal.
“Leisure time at school” - Choosing forms of organizing the event. Sports and tourism events. Tasks of the class teacher. Functions. Folk art festivals. Organization of leisure time. Holidays of creativity. Holidays of fantasy and science fiction. Forms educational work in organizing leisure time. Forms of leisure communication. Peculiarity.
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
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Purpose of the work: to find out what the main functions of the village are and what role it plays in preserving the nation and solving the demographic problem. Suggest your solutions. The fundamental question: why is the village “dying” and is it necessary to change the situation? Hypothesis: without the revival of the village there can be no revival of Russia. These are its roots, reliable support and rear. The fields are ending their lives under the terrible chariot, Which the spirit of the century has taken up arms against them, And capital after capital is pulling out its tentacles, To suck out the remnants of their former strength. E. Verhari
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Types settlements. Functions of rural areas. Village problems. Ways to solve problems. Where is the problem coming from? Our reality. Non-standard solution. Sociological survey. Conclusions on the topic.
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Settlement is the process of settling a territory. The result of this process is the totality of settlements in a given territory Types of settlements: urban rural In 2002, 96 million people lived in 1098 cities of Russia, and 39 million people lived in 142 thousand rural settlements. Thus, the average size of a city is about 90 thousand people, and a Russian village is 270 people, i.e. almost 350 times less. So should you pay attention to it? In total, there are 155,289 rural settlements in Russia, including 13,086 without population. Region Share of urban population in % Share of rural. population in% 1. Northern region 76 24 2. North-Western region 87 13 3. Central region 83 17 4. Volga-Vyatsky region 70 30 5. Central - Chernozem region 62 38 6. Volga region 73 27 7. North - Caucasian district 56 44 8. Ural region 75 25 9. West Siberian region 71 29 10. East Siberian region 71 29 11. Far Eastern region 76 24 12. Kaliningrad region 78 22
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Types of settlements: urban, rural Cities (population of at least 12 thousand people and 70% are not employed in agriculture). There are 1842 of them in total. Urban-type settlements (population 3 - 12 thousand people) village (1 - 2 thousand people, not far from the city with enterprises for the industrial processing of products of peasant labor: (mills, sawmills) village (several tens and hundreds individual houses, occupation - agriculture, crafts, village (Cossack rural unit, consists of one or more settlements - these are hamlets, villages), up to 50 thousand people or more hamlet (an extremely small settlement; a separate peasant estate with a separate farm, about 10 buildings) kishlak (name of a village in Central Asia, surrounded by a fence with a well and no sewage system) aul (settlement in the Caucasus mountains)
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production of agricultural products and their processing, forestry, hunting, fishing; picking berries, mushrooms, medicinal plants; rest in recreational areas (in summer, summer residents, tourists); environmental significance (creation of national parks, reserves); small industrial enterprises (dairies, flax plants, fruit and vegetable canning enterprises); transport functions(stations, piers). (People go to many of them only seasonally)
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Entire villages are simply dying: the young left for the city from a hopeless village, the old gradually lived out their lives. According to the results of the latest population census, it is necessary to edit the map of Russia, removing hundreds of rural settlements from it. The people in them have long since drunk themselves to death, are indifferent to everything, have lost the incentive to work, and most importantly, have lost the knowledge, skills and abilities accumulated in the age-old agrarian tradition of Rus'.
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unemployment; weak household and social structure; young people leave; the population is degrading (alcoholism, crime); boring and monotonous life; no job, no prospects.
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Stalin I.V. (1924 - 1953) As a result, we met the 91st year without ideology and without food Liquidation of churches Collectivization, repression, the race to “exceed plans” It was exiled from the villages only in 1931 - 2.5 million, 120 thousand. men were arrested, 20 thousand were shot. 8 million people died of starvation. The rest were plump from hunger and ate surrogates. The country's breeding herd was eliminated and the size of vegetable gardens was reduced. “Imposition” of corn, removal of livestock from personal plots Khrushchev N.S. (1955 – 1964) Andropov A.V. (1982 – 1984)
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Love for the native land and knowledge of history are the basis for the growth of spiritual culture. Each bygone village is a bygone world, irreplaceable, with its own way of life, traditions, and destinies. But the most important thing is the people born here. For each of them, this is first and foremost their homeland. We must remember, appreciate and love our history, our small homeland.
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improving the quality of life of the population; formation healthy image life; gasification of populated areas; creation of infrastructure (roads, shops, communications); improvement of the service sector (health care, culture, education); construction of housing, schools, kindergartens; development of the economy, provision of jobs; restoration of the economy and provision modern technology; construction of mini-enterprises for processing agricultural products; road construction; government program for the development of small businesses in rural areas at low interest rates; provision of housing for young families and professionals.
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Priority national project (PNP) “Development of the agro-industrial complex (AIC)” and allocated to a separate subprogram “Stimulating the development of small businesses”. State program “Development of agriculture and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food for 2008-2012”, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 14, 2007 No. 446. Concept for the development of rural credit cooperation, approved by the Minister of Agriculture of the Russian Federation dated March 23, 2006. - Target program of the Moscow Region “Development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Moscow region for 2009-2012”, approved by the Government of the Moscow Region in 2008. Similar programs have been adopted in all constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 28, 2006 N 250 “On the procedure for providing subsidies from the federal budget to the budgets of constituent entities Russian Federation to carry out measures to improve the living conditions of citizens living in rural areas.” http://msh.mosreg.ru/main - official website of the Ministry of Agriculture
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One of the Russian problems is the social sphere and the “children’s” problem related to it. What funds are needed to support orphanages? How to raise these children not as consumers, but as creators? Children who are initially difficult to socialize in orphanages are ultimately deprived of any adaptation to the world around them. They leave orphanages, often without a profession capable of feeding them. They often don't even know how to serve themselves. Insufficient development of the agricultural sector of the economy. Moreover, this problem has two sides: social (the gradual degradation of the countryside) and economic (the state does not have the ability to support and protect domestic producers). Nobody wants to work in a risky farming area.
Slide 14
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The agricultural sector of the economy is certainly trying to rise: this is evidenced by some collective farms, revived by their directors, strong business executives, and small farms. Now rare pockets of resurgent agricultural production are generating enthusiastic reactions in the media. What is most dangerous in the current situation is that there are no young people and children left in the village, so that in twenty years the beginning revival of the village will not fade away. What if a standard orphanage is moved to a rural area? And if with the help of sponsors, in each region there is a rich enterprise or specific people who are able to provide all possible assistance - to purchase “barnyard” and seeds and seedlings for the garden? Allocate unused land! Invite people who would like to work on the land and with children?
15 slide
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pupils will provide themselves with food for the winter; budget money will be “freed up” for the purchase of clothing and repairs; you will have your own free funds from the sale of agricultural products; employee salaries will increase; These are additional jobs for village residents; increasing the number of school classes; there will be no need to disband the school; children will gain skills to work on the land; these are potential villagers; pupils will receive satisfaction from the results of their work; working with animals will calm the traumatized psyche of children; Most of the pupils’ free time will be occupied (the number of offenses will decrease).
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To do this, you need to create: a library, clubs, clubs, workshops. An orphanage needs to be located in dying villages. Organizing a rural orphanage in a village gives new life not only to the dying rural school, but also to the village itself. This village should become the cultural center of its area.
Slide 17
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1. Would you go to live in the countryside? yes - 9 people no – 21 people 2. What’s bad in the village? we don’t believe that it will be as they say -12 people. It’s not interesting to live there – 7 people. not prestigious – 4 people. will have to work a lot - 3 people. I don’t want my own farm – 3 people. lack of amenities in the house – 1 person. 3. Under what conditions would you go to the village? - Palace of Culture, with sections and discos – 11 people. Availability of housing – 6 people. I have a job, enough money to support my family – 4 people. there are schools, kindergartens - 2 people. if friends are going, for a group – 3 people. life will be like in the city - 2 people. the state will help develop your business - 2 people. From the survey it is clear that children in orphanage they get used to living “with everything ready” and are simply consumers of the benefits that the state gives them.
18 slide
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As a result of the implementation of this project, we will achieve improved adaptation of children from orphanages to modern conditions, forming them into successful and smart people, respecting the country that raised them, on the one hand, and the targeted revival of the village, populating it with just such people and restoring the agricultural sector of the economy, on the other hand. But this is not so little! After all, the village is the cradle of Russian civilization.
Slide 19
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The program was developed by the settlement’s initiative group Family estates“New way” of the Prokopyevsky district of the Kemerovo region. Goals and objectives of the Program: 1.Creation of living conditions on the principles of self-sufficiency. 2. Affordable housing in rural areas, built by future residents. 3. Raising a healthy morally and physically young generation. 4. Caring for the Earth through extensive organic farming. 5. Obtaining environmentally friendly products. 6. Increasing the prestige of living in rural areas. Main activities of the Program 1. Allocation of sites on the basis of abandoned villages. 2. “Filling” villages with conscious, urban, highly qualified volunteers. 3. Construction of individual housing. 4. Organization educational process by building our own education system. 5. Building the economy of the settlement. 6. Organization of cultural and leisure activities of the settlement.
Slide description:
We Russian people, some earlier, some later, left the village. Some were seduced by the city's prosperity, some to avoid repression, some to give their children an education. This means that the responsibility for the revival of the village lies with all of us. Whoever can, in whom the Russian and Christian spirit is alive, must, must, stop this “wheel” of rural devastation, destroying Russian space, devouring the nation’s future. The revival of the village is the revival of Russia. Let's revive the village - let's revive the root that nourishes the spirit and body of the nation.
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After all, right before our eyes, the “village Atlantis” is plunging somewhere faster, somewhere slower into oblivion. The earth is tired of carrying this careless tribe, tormenting it with drunken plows and thoughtless land reclamation, cutting down forests and littering rivers and lakes with the waste of their activities. The earth throws it off its body, the Lord does not give procreation (demographic problem). Empty arable lands and hayfields are overgrown with alder - a green healing plaster. The earth is waiting for a real owner to be reborn to a new life.
Slide 23
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1. “Agenda 21: global strategy for sustainable development” UN. - Rio de Janeiro, 1992. 2. Levshunov G.V. “Scientific justification for a 1-hectare household plot as an optimal land plot in rural areas.” - Gomel, 2004. 3. Gilman R. “Ecovillages and sustainable settlements” - Moscow, 2000. 4. Mazurkevich V.N. “From collective gardening to ecological settlements” - Minsk, 2001. 5. Leskov L.V. “Synergetic modeling of the future of Russia // Theory of foresight and the future” M., 1997. 6. Moiseev N.N. “Does Russia have a future?” M., 1997 Yakovets Yu.V. “History of Civilizations” M., 1997 http://www.kp.ru/daily/ http://www.google.ru http://msh.mosreg.ru/main