Presentation "Syntax of a complex sentence" presentation for a lesson in the Russian language (grade 5) on the topic. Syntax

This presentation is aimed at introducing and mastering primary knowledge in syntax (phrases and sentences), as well as consolidating them when performing exercises. The children will get acquainted with the types of phrases (nominal and verbal), with sentences based on the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).

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"Presentation for a lesson on the topic "Syntax""

Syntax

Compiled by: A. E. Abramova, teacher of Russian language and literature, MAOU Secondary School No. 19

Syntax studies...

The phrase -

Offer -

This is a combination of words related to each other in meaning and grammatically.

this is the main means of expressing thoughts.

yellow apples, watch the sunset, given by the teacher

You came! It was snowing outside. It's the seventeenth of May.

A phrase consists of a main word and a dependent word.

BLUE OCEAN

SEA x (what?) BLUE

TO LIVE BY THE SEA

LIVE x (where?) BY THE SEA

Types of phrases:

Personalized

Verbal

(noun x + noun)

(verb x + noun)

(adj.+noun x)

(verb x + adverb)

bronze x tanning

(adj. x + noun)

Distribute the phrases by type into two columns, indicate the main word:

Join forces, an angry beast, a passionate desire, slide on the ice, a participant in the war, a serious hobby, whistle loudly, the surroundings of war, natural wonders, a viscous quagmire, sports competitions, move away from the forest, approaching noise, study grammar, invite guests.

The sentence has a grammatical basis and intonation of completeness.

The scarlet rose hips were blooming all around.

Make up and write down sentences from pictures

By purpose of the statement offers there are:

Narrative

Interrogative

All our thoughts are shaped by language.

Incentive

Winter has finally arrived!

Who's knocking on my door?

What time is it now?

Please tell us about the circus.

Read attentively!

Distribute the sentences according to the purpose of the statement:

1) Don’t scream so pitifully, cuckoo. 2) A clear breeze rushes along the narrow street. 3) Cranes are flying high under the dome of bright skies. 4) Is it anyone’s fault that the leaves flew away from the trees? 5) Fire up the stove! 6) Who will show him our old house? 7) Sit here closer to me, look with cheerful eyes.

Bibliography:

Russian language. 5th grade // ed. MM. Razumovskaya. - 15th ed. - M.: Bustard, 2008. - 286, pp.:ill., 8 p. color on

- Offer. Types of sentences according to the purpose of the statement .

Slide 1

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Members of the sentence Main Secondary subject predicate object Definition Circumstance As emphasized ppppp ssss - - - - - - - - - - ~~~~~ -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. Who answers what questions? What? what is he doing? what will he do? what? questions of indirect cases what? which? whose? How? When? Why? Where? Where? where? For what? What parts of speech express Existence. or a pronoun in nominative. case, infinitive, etc. verb, short adjective, etc. Noun - or pronoun in indirect cases, etc. Adjective, participle, etc. adverb, gerund, noun, etc.

Slide 4

COMMA IN OCCP A comma is placed Schemes Examples In the absence of the conjunction O, O With Onegin, he remembers the pranks and jokes of previous years. Before repeated conjunctions and…..and yes…..yes neither…..nor or…..or either…..or that…..that and others and O, and O, and O O, and O, and O O and O, O and O I didn’t want to eat, drink, or talk. Tatyana believed the legends of the common people of old times, and dreams, and card fortune-telling... In the mornings I ran to the pond or to the grove, to the hayfield or to the reapers. Before adversative conjunctions a, but yes (= but) O, however O but The child was harsh, but sweet. Before the second part of the double conjunctions both O and O, if not O, then O is not only O, but O is not as O as O as O as O, etc. This method of treatment is known both in Russia and abroad . The day, although cloudy, is warm.

Slide 5

PSE WITH GENERALIZING WORDS. Schemes Examples 1. O: Oh, O. Snow lay everywhere: on the slopes of the mountain, on the branches of the trees. 2. Oh, Oh - Oh. On the slopes of the mountain, on the branches of the trees, there was snow everywhere. 3. O: Oh, Oh - ... Everywhere: on the slopes of the mountain, on the branches of the trees - there was snow.

Slide 6

No. 189 The following instruments are used to measure distances and geometric constructions: calipers, protractors, astrolabes, rulers, micrometers, tape measures.

Slide 7

AMONG SENTENCES 1-3, FIND A SENTENCE WITH HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS. WRITE THE NUMBER OF THIS OFFER. (1) And how beautiful in winter are the forest lakes covered with ice and snow, frozen small rivers, in which life invisible to the eye continues! (2) Aspen trees are beautiful in winter with the thinnest lace of their bare branches against the background of a dark spruce forest. (3) Here and there in the forest the wintered berries are turning red on the mountain ash, and bright clusters of viburnum are hanging. (I. Sokolov-Mikitov)

Slide 8

Indicate a sentence that requires one comma. (There is no punctuation.) Choose one answer. 1. The floors of a medieval castle were covered with aromatic herbs or reed mats. 2. Previously, he either did not notice the surrounding nature or looked at it from a practical point of view. 3. The shaking in the light cart and the heady steppe air lulled the boy to sleep. 4. The richest and most diverse flora and fauna of tropical rainforests.

Slide 9

Find homogeneous members in sentences and determine their syntactic function. a) We examined our new home and found many necessary things here. b) Reality is reflected pinkly and unsteadily in dreams. c) A long-legged shadow from a white, short-legged Murzik with red spots. d) Tasya and Voloshin stood next to Streletsky. 1. subject; 2. predicate; 3. definition; 4. addition; 5. circumstance.

Slide 10

Test “Sentences with homogeneous members” 1. Indicate how punctuation marks should be placed in the sentence: Everything in the guise of a sailor (1) brown hair, white eyes, thin lips (2) everything resembled Finland rather than Kostroma, his homeland 1) 1 – dash, 2 – colon 2) 1 – colon, 2 – comma 3) 1 – dash, 2 – dash 4) 1 – colon, 2 – dash Answers:

Slide 11

2. Indicate a sentence with homogeneous members. 1) You are gray, and I, my friend, am gray. 2) In one place the stone is overgrown with moss. 3) Don't do the exercise without remembering the rule. 4) We drove along the slopes of the mountains, now climbing up, now descending.

Slide 12

3. Indicate the definition that should appear after the comma in the sentence: Somewhere I have already heard this beautiful ... voice. 1) melodic 2) low 3) feminine 4) dissatisfied

Slide 13

4. Indicate the sentence with a punctuation error. 1) Both coniferous and deciduous trees grow in the taiga. 2) The sky was cloudy all the time, and it was impossible to see either sunrise or sunset. 3) A gentleman in a black suit and a white vest stood on the embankment and looked at our ship and then at us with piercing curiosity. 4) The guest does not stay long but sees a lot.

Slide 14

5. What homogeneous members and conjunctions are used in the sentence: The Gulf of Finland, far from the coast, is all dotted with shoals, but is excellently furnished with lighthouses. 1) homogeneous predicates; adversative conjunction 2) homogeneous predicates; connecting and dividing conjunctions 3) homogeneous predicates and additions; adversative conjunction 4) homogeneous predicates and objects; connecting and separating conjunctions

Slide 15

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SEPARATE MEMBERS OF THE SENTENCE are expressed are isolated Definitions are not isolated By participial phrase In postposition In preposition circumstances By single gerund and participial phrase always If they are part of a phraseological unit

Slide 17

No. 176 /Creating his wonderful canvases/, K.F. Yuon admires himself and makes us admire the enchanting beauty of /frost-covered/trees, snow-covered and /sparkling in the sun/ plains. /Looking at Yuon’s paintings/, we remember the fabulous Russian winter with its fluffy snow, /every year covering the earth with a thick cover/. I remember a light frosty haze / enveloping all objects on clear, icy days / and cheerful flocks of perky boys / rejoicing in the snowy expanse/.

Slide 18

Q11, AMONG SENTENCES 4-8, FIND A SENTENCE WITH A SEPARATE CONSISTENT DISTRIBUTED DEFINITION. WRITE THE NUMBER OF THIS OFFER. (4) To disguise this injustice, my father praises me as if in jest. (5) Even for C grades brought home from school, they don’t scold me. - (6) What a capable guy! (7) I didn’t study my homework yesterday, but I got a C! (8) The father says this joyfully, and, as usual, he ends his delight with words from the song: - (9) And he will not drown in water, and he will not burn in fire!.. (10) Or something like that .

Slide 19

Q11 AMONG SENTENCES 2-4, FIND A SENTENCE WITH A SEPARATE CIRCUMSTANCE. WRITE THE NUMBER OF THIS OFFER. (2) “When our Lelya comes home from work, we’ll show you!” - they shouted to the volleyball players in the neighboring yard. (3) And Kolka walked proudly, as if he himself knew how to extinguish it so that all the players on the other side of the net fearfully squatted down. (4) It was as if he himself knew how to take the most difficult balls, and served in such a way that the ball flew like a swift black ball a few millimeters above the net, miraculously managing not to hit it.

Slide 20

A.20. WHICH ANSWER OPTION CORRECTLY INDICATES ALL THE NUMBERS IN WHICH PLACE THERE SHOULD BE COMAS IN THE SENTENCE? 1) In a black cloud (1) resting on the ridge of the western mountains (2) the sun, tired for the day (4) hid (3). 1)1,3 2)2,3 3)1,2 4)1,2,3,4. 2) Almost without deviating (1) from the plot of Gogol’s story (2) and (3) if possible, preserving the characteristic Gogol language (4) N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov created the libretto of the opera “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka”. 1)1,2,3,4 2)2 3) 3,4 4)4. 3) Leafing through (1) books from Pushkin’s library (2) and (3) studying the notes in the margins (4) you involuntarily come to the conclusion that the poet was also a general reader. 1)2,3,4 2)1,2 3)3,4 4)4.

Slide 21

PUNCTUAL SIGNS FOR ADDRESS Cases of isolation Examples 1. Single and common addresses appearing anywhere in a sentence are isolated Vasily Vasilyevich, please leave me alone... Here, respectable citizens, is one of the cases of exposure. 2. Parts of the common appeal Stronger, horse, hit, hoof, minting step. 3. Interjection before address Hey, dear, wait a little. 4. The particle o does not stand out before the address O my dear, my gentle, beautiful garden!

Slide 22

. FIND ADDRESSES IN THE SENTENCES AND INDICATE HOW THEY DIFFER FROM SIMILAR SENTENCE MEMBERS IN FORM. 1. It's time, my friend, it's time! The heart asks for peace - days fly by, and every hour takes away a piece of existence... (Pushkin). - My friend has been unwell for several days. 2. Her dreams have always been sublime and romantic. - Dreams, dreams, where is your sweetness? (Pushkin). 3. Our dearest friend, oh you, Vasily Lvovich! (Pushkin). - Vasily Lvovich, the poet’s uncle, also wrote poetry. 4. Moscow is my favorite city. - Moscow! I love you like a son, like a Russian, strongly, passionately and tenderly (Lermontov). - M. Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita” was published for the first time in the “Moscow” magazine.

Slide 23

AT 5. IN THE SENTENCES BELOW FROM THE TEXT READ, ALL COMMAS ARE NUMBERED. WRITE OUT A NUMBER TO DEnote A COMMA WHEN REFERENCED. Wonderful, 1 sweet, 2 delightful grandmother Kolkina!.. Honestly, 3 rare people surround us, 4 Elena!..

Slide 24

. WHICH SENTENCE HAS A PUNCTUATION ERROR? a) However, gentlemen, I seem to be interfering with your studies. b) You know, Klavochka, I have to tell you something. c) Who would you become then, Alexander Petrovich? d) Don’t crumple my letter, dear.

Slide 25

WHICH SENTENCE HAS A PUNCTUATION ERROR? . a) Lidia Nikolaevna was afraid to enter the kitchen, and in general she was a quiet, timid person. b) So be careful, ladies and girls. c) My brother, how glad I am to see you! d) Reader, do you like books?

Slide 26

WHICH SENTENCE HAS A PUNCTUATION ERROR? . a) Help me, red sun. b) Vacationers, be mutually polite. c) So, are you my family in Moscow? d) He was, O sea, your singer.

Slide 27

INTRODUCTORY WORDS AND PHRASES Meanings Examples 1. Various feelings: fortunately, unfortunately, unfortunately, unfortunately, etc. 2. Varying degrees of confidence of course, of course, certainly, naturally, really, obviously, probably, apparently, maybe, it seems, probably, etc. 3. The source of the message in my opinion, in your opinion, in my opinion, according to someone or, in the opinion of someone, etc. 4. Sequence, connection of thoughts, firstly, secondly, finally, therefore, so, therefore, so, for example, in particular, etc. 5. A way of expressing thoughts in one word, in other words, in other words, in short, to put it mildly, etc. 6. Attracting the attention of the interlocutor you see, you see, you know, excuse me, excuse me, imagine, agree and etc.

Slide 28

No. 199 The country to which the Slavs came in ancient times was rich in forests. Impenetrable and impassable forest jungles stretched for hundreds of kilometers, interspersed with lakes and swamps. Coniferous forests grew in the north. It was easy to get lost in such forests, which is why our ancestors were so afraid of them. “Walking in the forest means seeing death at your fingertips,” they said. To the south were deciduous forests. They were called blacks. The wide, dense foliage of oaks, maples, aspens, lindens and birches resists the sun's rays, and in such forests there lies a black shadow. In the wilderness of the forest, every forest animal was free: squirrels, hares, wolves, bears. The forest supplied the Slavs with building material from which they built houses and made dishes. Our ancestors wove shoes from bast, and the skins of fur-bearing animals warmed people in severe frosts. The forest fed and healed people. The forest is a protector of people, a reliable refuge from enemies.

Slide 29

1) After I smeared Kostya’s face, (1) my father said: - Fighting, (2) of course, (3) is not good. But still, how brave (4)! Two heads lower, (5) and went on the offensive, (6) made up his mind! 3) and all the other very young people. 3) Semyon Petrovich turned to Katya, (1) not noticing her gloomy look: “Katyusha, (2) let’s take Alyabyevsky’s “Nightingale” ... - So, (3) “Nightingale”? - asked Katya. 4) Of course, (1) the grandmother was happy for her daughter, (2) was proud of her husband, (3) that is, my father, (4) but she, (5) like me, (6) rarely followed those rules, (7) to which they tried to accustom her and me. 5) Grandfather too, (1) apparently, (2) has eaten, (3) but now for some reason he’s breaking blueberry branches. “That’s enough,” (4) I say to my grandfather, (5) “we’ve eaten, (6) let’s go.” 6) True, (1) my mother used to say, (2) that Lyoshka had unusually beautiful eyes and eyelashes. But this is what (3)probably (4) all mothers say about their children, (5) even if they are freaks. Q5 IN THE SENTENCES BELOW ALL THE COMMA ARE NUMBED. WRITE OUT THE NUMBERS INDICATING THE COMMA IN THE INTRODUCTORY WORD.

Slide 30

A21. WHICH ANSWER OPTION CORRECTLY INDICATES ALL THE NUMBERS WHERE SHOULD BE COMMAS IN THE SENTENCES? The language of poetry (1) as is known (2) cannot be ordinary, since the way of expressing itself in iambics and trochees is unusual. Therefore, poetry is (3) one might say (4) a miracle of transforming an ordinary word into a poetic word. 1) 1, 2 2) 1, 3 3) 3, 4 4) 1, 2, 3, 4 Rules (1) as is known (2) are created or selected for a specific situation. Over time (3) a new situation arises in which the previous theory is no longer able to lead forward and (4) therefore (5) must be replaced. 1) 1, 2, 3, 5 2) 1, 2, 4, 5 3) 1, 3, 4 4) 2, 5

Lesson topic:

• Lesson topic:
• Concept of
• syntax and
• punctuation.
• The presentation was prepared by: Chalaya M.V.,
• teacher of Russian language and literature
• MOAU Secondary School s. Svetilovki
• Belogorsky district, Amur region

Lesson objectives:

• based on the information received in the lesson, understand where syntax and punctuation begin, why you need to study these sections;
• get acquainted with new terms, learn to pronounce and write them correctly;
• learn to use punctuation marks; create phrases and sentences;
• develop attention, train memory, learn to think.

Epigraph:

• Pushkin also spoke about punctuation marks: “They exist to highlight a thought, bring words into the correct relationship and give the phrase ease and the correct sound.” Punctuation marks are like musical notations. They hold the text firmly and do not allow it to crumble.
• K. G. Paustovsky.

• WITH, YOU, LEARN, IF,
• WORK, LIFE,
• USEFUL, WILLINGLY,
• FOR, REST,
• CORRECTLY, SKILLFULLY, AND,
• DO, PASSION, SAME, SHE, INTERESTING, BUILD.

• Make up a sentence using these words:

• If you study with passion, work willingly, relax skillfully, build your life correctly
• make it interesting and useful.
• but you rest skillfully, build your life correctly, and make it interesting and useful.

• What did you do to write the sentence correctly?

• Have you done everything to ensure that the proposal is completed correctly? What is missing from it?

• If you study with passion, work willingly, and relax skillfully, you are building your life correctly. Make it interesting and useful!

What is syntax?

• This word was borrowed in the 18th century from the Greek language. Literally means: “construction”, “combination”, “order”. Syntax is a section of grammar that studies the structure and meaning of phrases, sentences, and text.

Syntax -

• Greek “composition”, “construction” - the science of the structure of phrases and sentences.

S I N T A C S I S

• S I N T A C S I S

• Word connection

• facilities

• Inflection

• Function words

• Word order

• Intonation

S i n t a x i s

• S i n t a x i s
• studies

• Offers

• Collocations

• structure

Shall we practice?

• Ex. 132

Physical education lesson Execution cannot be pardoned Punctuation

• Punctuation

• Punctuation marks

• Dot

• Colon

• Semicolon

• Comma

• Exclamation mark

• Question mark

• Quotes

What is punctuation?

• The place in a sentence or text where a punctuation rule needs to be applied is called a punctogram /lat. “punctum” – point, Greek. “gram” – sign, letter/. Punctuation /lat. “punctuation” – point / - a branch of the science of language that studies punctuation marks and the rules for their placement.

Punctuation -

• lat., punctum - point, rule about placing punctuation marks.

• Punctogram -

• punctuation mark.

15th century Dramatization of the poem by S.Ya. Marshak "Punctuation Marks"

• ; « » .
• , ! ?
• - : …

At the last POINT On the last line A company of punctuation marks has gathered A weirdo has come running EXCLAMATION POINT. He is never silent, he shouts deafeningly: - Hurray! Down with! Guard! Robbery! A crooked-nosed QUESTION MARK dragged in: “Who?” Whom? Where? How? COMMAs appeared, Girls with curls, They live in dictation at every stop.

• At the last POINT On the last line A company of punctuation marks has gathered A weirdo has come running EXCLAMATION POINT. He is never silent, he shouts deafeningly: - Hurray! Down with! Guard! Robbery! A crooked-nosed QUESTION MARK dragged in: “Who?” Whom? Where? How? COMMAs appeared, Girls with curls, They live in dictation at every stop.

• A COLON came up, an ellipsis came up, And others, And others, And others... They declared commas: - We are busy people, Neither dictation nor story can do without us. Aunt SEMOLON responded from the same line: “If there is no dot above you, a comma is an empty sign!”

Puzzles.

• 1. He doesn’t ask for anything, he helps in the matter: just look at him and you’ll remember the day of the week. (………)
• 2. Oh, don’t touch me. I’ll burn you even without fire. (…….)

Homework.

• Come up with and write down an ancient message (5=7 sentences, as they wrote in the 15th century, i.e. without punctuation and spaces between words).

RELAXATION

• 1. During the lesson I worked actively / passively 2. I am satisfied / not satisfied with my work in the lesson 3. The lesson seemed short / long for me 4. During the lesson I was not tired / tired 5. My mood became better / became worse 6. The lesson material was clear / not clear to me 7. The homework seems easy / difficult to me Draw your mood: (emoticons: smile, indifference, sad)

REFLECTION:

Slide 1

SYNTAX AND PUNCTUATION

Slide 2

SYNTAX AND PUNCTUATION
Syntax (from the Greek syntaxis - composition) is a section of grammar that studies the structure of coherent speech and includes two main parts: the doctrine of phrases and the doctrine of sentences. The main syntactic units are: phrase and sentence (simple and complex). Punctuation (from Latin punktum - point) is a system of punctuation marks and rules for their use, a necessary component of written speech. The rules of Russian punctuation are based on three basic principles: 1) logical (semantic) - punctuation marks help to divide speech into parts that are important for expressing thoughts in writing; 2) structural - syntactic - punctuation marks make the semantic structure of speech clear, highlighting individual sentences and their parts; 3) intonation - punctuation marks serve to indicate intonation, as well as to indicate phrasal intonation, rhythm and melody of a phrase.

Slide 3

Unlike spelling rules, punctuation rules allow, along with the mandatory placement of signs, their optional use. According to their function, punctuation marks are divided into two groups: 1) dividing (separating); these include: period, exclamation and question marks, comma, semicolon, ellipsis, colon, dash; 2) excretory; These include: parentheses, quotation marks, double dashes, double commas.

Slide 4

A phrase is a combination of two or more significant words that are related in meaning and grammatically. Like a word, a phrase performs a naming function, but unlike a word it serves to more accurately designate objects, their characteristics, and actions. The phrase participates in the structure of the sentence, but unlike a sentence it does not have semantic and intonation completeness.

Slide 5

1. Depending on the type of syntactic connection between words, phrases are distinguished: 1) coordinating (the words are syntactically equal, do not depend on each other, in a sentence they are homogeneous main or secondary members): On the hill it is either damp or hot, the sighs of the day are in the breath at night, but the lightning is already glowing with bright blue and green fire (A. Fet); 2) subordinating (words are syntactically unequal, one depends on the other); There are three types of subordinating connections:

Slide 6

Coordination control adjacency
the dependent word is in the same gender, number and case as the main word: in the breath of night, blue and green fire, the dependent word is placed in the case form required by the main word: sighs of the day, the connection of the unchangeable word with the main word glows with fire in a word according to the meaning: it glows brightly, the desire to learn, he said smiling

Slide 7

Coordinating and subordinating phrases are called free, because each word in them acts as a specific member of the sentence; 3) whole phrases. In them, the main word has semantic completeness only in combination with a dependent word. Whole phrases are not free, because they act as a single member of a sentence: Only you, poet, have a winged sound that grabs words on the fly and suddenly reinforces both the dark delirium of the soul and the unclear smell of herbs... (A. Fet)

Slide 8

2. Depending on the belonging of the main word to a certain part of speech, phrases are distinguished: 1) nominal: an interesting book (n.), very entertaining (adj.), two of the boys (n.), the first of those on the waiting list (n.) , one of those present (local) 2) verbal: doing sports, doing exercises, answering at random 3) adverbial: very close, shortly before departure

Slide 9

Incomparable coquetry, someone of the same age, differentiating the level..of, having made friends with colleagues, filling the ditch, leveling the chances, leveling the path, amazingly level.. weighty, waterproof cape, wet sneakers, soaked to the skin, soak in sauce, three wet porridges, tarnished reputation, wash all contents.

Slide 10

Prevention of errors associated with the use of words in phrases and sentences (table)

Slide 11

In colloquial, literary, artistic and journalistic styles of speech, deviations from the norms of word usage are often observed. This is done with the aim of creating a pun (play on words), highlighting a certain meaning, and expressive coloring of the content. Let's give an example of a comic rethinking of phraseological units: “If I die before you, then you deign to give the closet to my direct heirs, who will put their teeth on its shelves.” (From a letter from A.P. Chekhov)

Slide 12

Difficult cases of management I. Management of synonymous and cognate words, usually verbs, deserves serious attention in cases where they require the use of different cases, for example: faith in something - confidence in something; pay attention to something - pay attention to something; review of something - review of something; full of something - filled with something; distinguish between what and what - to distinguish what from what; pay for something - pay for something, etc. To avoid mistakes, you must refer to the control dictionary.

Slide 13

Ignorance of management norms often leads to contamination of two similar phrases in oral speech - the combination of components of two different, although similar in meaning, combinations of words. For example, it is incorrect: superiority over an opponent, rely on facts. Such errors can be corrected in two ways: 1. Keep the control word and replace the case (superiority over an opponent, rely on facts). 2. Leave the case and find a synonym that requires this case (advantage over your opponent, based on facts).

Sometimes there is a homonymy between management and coordination. To avoid ambiguity, the sentence must be rearranged, for example: Sister Valeria answered quietly but firmly. (Sister of a man named Valery or a woman named Valeria?) - Valeria answered quietly but firmly. His sister answered quietly but firmly. V. Understanding the meaning of a statement is made difficult by the accumulation of cases. Vivid examples of such errors are given in the works of famous linguists, for example: The house of the nephew of the coachman's wife of the doctor's brother. (A. M. Peshkovsky) In connection with the issue of the need to increase the duration of operation of the apparatus of the rescue laboratory of the Moscow Research Institute, we carried out a number of experiments... (N. I. Bylinsky) In order to avoid errors, it is necessary to shorten the chain of cases by using other syntactic structures.

Syntax and punctuation. Preparation for the Unified State Exam

General lesson of the Russian language in 11th grade

Wild S.A. , teacher of Russian language and literature, MAOU Secondary School No. 1 KGO

Syntax ( from Greek Σύνταξη - construction, order, composition) is a section of linguistics that studies the structure of coherent speech and includes two main parts: the doctrine of phrases and the doctrine of sentences.

Punctuation(from Latin punctum - point) - a system of punctuation marks in the writing of a language, as well as the rules for their placement in written speech.

Syntax and punctuation

Preparation for the Unified State Exam. (tasks B3,B4)

Syntax

intonation

meaning

punctuation

you can't pardon

WORK WITH TEXT

By the end of his life, he only had quotation marks left. He did not express a single idea of ​​his own. So he completely forgot how to think and reached a point.

Watch out for punctuation!

Take care...

• Determine the genre of the text

(Allegory)

• Complete the last sentence without breaking

metaphorical structure of the entire work

• What is the main idea of ​​the text? What does the last one mean?

(“The soul must work”)

• How do you understand the expression “Getting to the point”?

• What skills does syntax form?

Lesson objectives:

• Summarize and systematize knowledge on the topic “Syntax and punctuation” (“Phrase combinations.” “One-part sentences”);
• improve communication skills,

develop logical thinking;

• develop the ability to listen carefully and

hear, support and be there for others

benevolent.

Syntax

Punctuation

Offer

Collocation

One-piece

A culture of speech

Ways of subordinating connections between words

CONTROL

CONNECTION

CONCORDING

Are not phrases :

1) combination of an independent word with a service word:

before a thunderstorm, let him sing;

2) combinations of words as part of phraseological units:

to kick ass, headlong, play the fool;

3) subject and predicate: Night has fallen;

4) compound word forms: lighter, will walk.

• When agreeing on the three requirements of the main to the dependent - gender, number, case.
• When managing one requirement of the main to the dependent – case.
• When adjacent no one can demand anything.

Distinguish!

Control:

Connection:

His book

Called him

Called them

phrases with the possessive pronouns his, her, their do not change and, accordingly, enter into only an adjacency connection.

Impaired control

Omitting a preposition

Violation of agreement with the main word

Omitting the dependent component of a phrase

Syntax errors

Using an extra preposition

Errors in the structure of phrases

Wrong choice of case with correct choice of preposition

Difficult management cases.

1) According to, thanks to, contrary to, like + Date p.

2) To the extent, in conclusion, in the form of, during, in continuation of, in force, like, through, + Rod.p.

3) By + Prev.p. (denotes an action, an event after which something happens)

According to the order

Thanks to the help

Contrary to prediction

Like an explosion

To the best of my ability

At the end of the speech

In the form of a flower

During the day

Throughout the day

Upon arrival, upon arrival,

Upon completion, upon completion

Audio dictionary "Russian oral" Audio recording

http://files.gramota.ru/radio/060_Russkii_ustnii_rukovodstvo.MP3

Types of connections between words in a phrase

Option 1 Option 2

1 – in 1 – g

2 – in 2 – g

3 – a 3 – b

4 – d 4 – b

Shall we check?

Main groups of one-part sentences

With the main member - the predicate

With the main member - subject

Definitely personal

Nominative

Vaguely personal

Generalized-personal

Impersonal

Impersonal offers

Impersonal verb

It's getting dark. It's frozen.

Personal verb in the sense of impersonal.

The trees were dripping.

Infinitive.

A modal word (it is necessary, it is necessary, it is possible, it is possible, it is impossible) in combination with an infinitive.

You will never see such battles.

You can still find fresh forest flowers under the snow.

Short form of the passive participle.

My place is not tidy.

Status word.

I'm sad because you're having fun.

The word NO (as well as the impersonal form of the verb TO BE)

He has no money, never had it and never will have it.

!!! note

Don't confuse infinitive sentences with impersonal sentences.

In impersonal in addition to the verb in the infinitive form there must be a linking verb, it is not part of the verbal infinitive sentence.

Wed. We have to hurry (b/l)

You won't understand this. (inf.)

One-part sentences

Working with the simulator

Using the adverbial phrase in an impersonal sentence

Syntax errors

The use of two-part structures instead of one-part ones

Errors in one-part sentences

• Syntactic norms. Determine the type of error, correct the sentence
• Find and correct errors in excerpts from oral speeches of politicians, television and radio journalists.
• Make stylistic edits. Find cases that require restructuring the entire sentence.

• I liked the lesson that I...
• I felt like I was in class...
• I still need to work on...

Every person should write well as well as speak well. Speech, written or oral, characterizes him to a greater extent than even his appearance or ability to behave. Language reflects a person’s intelligence, his ability to think accurately and correctly, his respect for others, his “neatness” in the broad sense of the word. D.S. Likhachev

Internet resources

http://www.gramma.ru/EXM/?id=4.38&PHPSESSID= types of subordinating connections

http://www.gramma.ru/RUS/?id=5.19&PHPSESSID= one-part sentences in modern Russian

http://www.gramma.ru/RUS/?id=10.10&PHPSESSID= syntax errors