Profession physicist: who to work with and where to apply. How much does a radiophysicist earn in different countries? What is a radiophysics specialty?

I APPROVED

Deputy Minister
education of the Russian
Federation

___________________V.D.Shadrikov

“__17__”___03___________2000

Qualification - radiophysicist

The specialist is prepared for activities that require in-depth fundamental and professional training, including research work, and, subject to the development of an additional educational program of a pedagogical profile, for teaching activities.

Types of professional activities of a specialist:

• scientific research: experimental, theoretical and computational;
• pedagogical.

The specialist is prepared to solve the following tasks:

a) research (experimental, theoretical and computational activities):

• scientific research into the problems posed;
• formulation of new problems arising in the course of scientific research;
• development of new research methods;
• selection of necessary research methods;
• mastering new methods of scientific research;
• mastering new theories and models;
• processing of scientific research results at the modern level and their analysis;
• working with scientific literature using new information technologies, monitoring scientific periodicals;
• writing and designing scientific articles;
• compilation of reports and reports on research work, participation in scientific conferences.

b) teaching activities:

• preparing and delivering lecture courses;
• preparing and conducting seminars;
• conducting classes in educational laboratories;
• supervision of students' scientific work;
• supervision of students' theses.

The areas of professional activity are higher educational institutions, research institutes, laboratories, design and design bureaus and firms, manufacturing enterprises and associations, institutions of higher and secondary specialized education.

Specialist can work in positions provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation for persons with higher professional education (senior laboratory assistant, junior researcher, engineer at a research institute).

In accordance with the additional qualification “Teacher” received during training, he can be a teacher in a secondary school and secondary vocational institution, in accordance with the additional qualification “Higher school teacher” can also be a university teacher.

3.1.Basic educational training program radiophysics is developed on the basis of this state educational standard and includes a curriculum, programs of academic disciplines, programs of educational and practical training.

3.2 Requirements for the mandatory minimum content of the basic educational training program radiophysics, the conditions for its implementation and the timing of its development are determined by this state educational standard.

3.3 Basic educational training program radiophysics consists of disciplines the federal component, disciplines of the national-regional (university) component, disciplines of the student’s choice, as well as elective disciplines. Disciplines and courses of the student's choice in each cycle must meaningfully complement the disciplines specified in the federal component of the cycle.

3.4 Basic educational training program radiophysics should provide for the student to study the following cycles of disciplines and final state certification:

GSE cycle - general humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines;
cycle EN - general mathematical and natural science disciplines;
OPD cycle - general professional disciplines;
DS cycle - specialization disciplines;
FTD cycle - electives.

5.5. In case of part-time (evening) education, the volume of classroom training must be at least 10 hours per week.

5.6. The total amount of vacation time in the academic year should be 7-10 weeks, including at least two weeks in the winter.

6.1.1 The higher education institution independently develops and approves the main educational program of the university for training radiophysics based on this state educational standard.

Disciplines “at the student’s choice” are mandatory, and elective disciplines provided for by the curriculum of a higher educational institution are not mandatory for study by the student.

Coursework (projects) are considered as a type of academic work in the discipline and are completed within the hours allocated for its study.

For all disciplines and practices included in the curriculum of a higher educational institution, a final grade must be given (excellent, good, satisfactory, unsatisfactory, or passed, not passed).

Specialization is part of the specialty within which they are created, and involves obtaining more in-depth professional knowledge, skills and abilities in various fields of activity within the profile of this specialty.

6.1.2 When implementing the main educational program, a higher education institution has the right:

Change the amount of hours allocated to mastering educational material for cycles of disciplines - within 10%;

Form a cycle of humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines, which should include eleven basic disciplines listed in this state educational standard, the following disciplines are mandatory: “Foreign language” (in the amount of at least 340 hours), “Physical education” (in the amount of at least 408 hours), “National history”, “Philosophy” , and as the recommended UMS in physics UMO of Russian universities (hereinafter UMO) “Psychology and Pedagogy”. The remaining basic disciplines can be implemented at the discretion of the university, taking into account the total time allocated for the cycle. At the same time, it is possible to combine them into interdisciplinary courses while maintaining a mandatory minimum of content;

Classes in the discipline “Physical Education” in part-time and part-time (evening) forms of education can be provided taking into account the wishes of students;

To teach humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines in the form of original lecture courses and various types of collective and individual practical classes, assignments and seminars according to programs developed at the university itself and taking into account regional, national-ethnic, professional specifics, as well as the research preferences of teachers providing qualifying coverage of the subjects of the cycle disciplines;

Establish the necessary depth of teaching of individual sections of disciplines included in the cycles of humanitarian and socio-economic, mathematical and natural science disciplines in accordance with the profile of the cycle of specialization disciplines;

Coordinate the name of specializations in higher professional education with the Educational and Methodological Association, establish the name of specialization disciplines, their volume and content beyond that specified in this state educational standard, as well as the form of monitoring their mastery by students.

Implement the basic educational training program radiophysics in a shortened time for students of a higher educational institution with secondary vocational education in the relevant profile or higher vocational education. The reduction in terms is carried out on the basis of the existing knowledge, skills and abilities of students acquired at the previous stage of professional education. In this case, the duration of training must be at least three years. Studying in a shorter period of time is also allowed for persons whose level of education or abilities are a sufficient basis for this.

Provide training for specialists radiophysicists, with the aim of obtaining additional education qualifications on the basis of higher professional education. The names of additional qualifications of higher professional education, the content of programs and training plans are established by the UMO;

Establish the type of internship (industrial, research, internship with additional qualifications) and change the number of hours (weeks) allocated to each type of internship, including internship with additional qualification. In this case, the total duration of all types of practices must comply with clause 5.1.

6.2 Requirements for staffing the educational process

The implementation of the basic educational program for specialist training must be ensured by teaching staff who have a basic education corresponding to the profile of the discipline being taught and the appropriate qualifications (degree), systematically engaged in research and scientific-methodological activities.

In all disciplines of the natural sciences and general professional cycles and disciplines of specialization, lecturers can only be professors and associate professors who have a scientific degree of doctor or candidate of science in the specialty of the discipline.

Teachers who do not have an academic degree, but have experience working with students in this discipline (no more than 50%) are allowed to teach at seminars and laboratory classes.

6.3 Requirements for educational and methodological support of the educational process

Educational and methodological support of the educational process during specialist training radiophysics should include laboratory, practical and information base provided for by the main sections of the cycles of natural sciences, general professional and special disciplines of this standard, ensuring the preparation of a highly qualified graduate. The university should have the main domestic academic and industry scientific journals of the specialty, the consolidated abstract journal “Physics”, and have well-known foreign journals. The university must be provided with scientific literature in the field of physics, and also have programs for all courses in the disciplines provided for by this standard. The university must have access to the INTERNET and provide the student with free access to information databases and network sources physical information.

Implementation of the basic educational training program radiophysicist specialist Each student should be provided with access to library funds and databases, the content corresponding to the full list of disciplines of the main educational program of the specialty, the availability of teaching aids and recommendations for theoretical and practical sections of all disciplines and for all types of classes - workshops, course and diploma design, internships. The university must have visual aids, as well as multimedia, audio, and video materials. Laboratory work must be provided with methodological developments for tasks in an amount sufficient to conduct group classes. The university library must have textbooks and teaching aids included in the main list of literature given in the programs of natural sciences, general professional and special disciplines approved by the National Medical University and Educational Institution. By the time the specialty is certified, the level of provision with educational and methodological literature must be at least 0.5 copies per full-time student.

6.4 Requirements for material and technical support of the educational process

Higher educational institution implementing the basic educational program for specialist training radiophysics, must have a material and technical base that complies with the current sanitary and technical standards, ensuring the conduct of all types of laboratory, practical, disciplinary and interdisciplinary training and research work of students provided for by the exemplary curriculum. The educational process must be provided with laboratory equipment, computer technology, and software in accordance with the content of the basic natural sciences and general professional disciplines. The university must have special equipment, technical facilities and laboratory facilities (taking into account the capabilities of the university branches and educational and research centers in academic and industrial physics institutes), allowing for professional training.

The number of students in subgroups of laboratory workshops related to the work of high-frequency installations, ultraviolet, laser and ionizing radiation, high voltage, vacuum equipment, as well as classes in display classes is established in accordance with safety regulations.

6.5 Requirements for organizing practices

Industrial practice is intended to familiarize students with the real technological process and consolidate the theoretical knowledge acquired during training. Industrial practice is carried out at radiophysical enterprises, semi-factory and prototype installations in the laboratories of research institutes. Research practice is carried out in research laboratories. Internship for additional qualifications is carried out in accordance with its specifics in the manner established by the university (faculty). The timing of the internship is approved by the rector’s office (dean’s office) in accordance with the requirements for the curriculum. At the end of the internship, the student intern reports on the work done to the university commission and representatives of the host organization. The form of assessment (test, differentiated test) is provided for by the curriculum.

Basic teachings in the field of humanities and socio-economic sciences, basic concepts, laws and models of mechanics, molecular physics, electricity and magnetism, optics, atomic physics, physics of the atomic nucleus and particles, oscillations and waves, quantum mechanics, thermodynamics and statistical physics, methods of theoretical and experimental research in physics;

-current state, theoretical work and experimental results in the chosen field of research, phenomena and research methods in the scope of specialization disciplines;

-fundamental phenomena and effects in the field of physics, experimental, theoretical and computer research methods in this field;

Mathematical analysis, theory of functions of a complex variable, analytical geometry, vector and tensor analysis, differential and integral equations, calculus of variations, probability theory and mathematical statistics;

Basic provisions of information theory, principles of constructing systems for processing and transmitting information, fundamentals of an approach to the analysis of information processes, modern hardware and software of computer technology, principles of organizing information systems, modern information technologies;

-fundamentals of ecology and human health, the structure of ecosystems and the biosphere, interaction between man and the environment, ecological principles of nature conservation and rational environmental management.

Additional requirements for special training of a specialist radiophysics determined by the higher education institution, taking into account specialization.

Final state certification radiophysics by specialty 013800 Radiophysics and electronics includes defense of final qualifying work and state exam.

Final certification tests are designed to determine practical and theoretical preparedness radiophysics to fulfill professional tasks established by this state educational standard and continue education in graduate school in accordance with clause 1.4 of this standard.

Certification tests, which are part of the final state certification of a graduate, must fully comply with the main educational program of higher professional education, which he mastered during his studies.

Specialist's thesis radiophysics must be submitted in manuscript form.

Graduate thesis of a specialist in the specialty 013800 Radiophysics and electronics is qualifying; its topics and content must correspond to the level of knowledge acquired by the graduate in the scope of specialty disciplines and special disciplines (according to the curriculum). The work must contain an abstract part, reflecting the general professional erudition of the author, as well as an independent research part, performed individually or as part of a creative team based on materials collected or obtained independently by the student during the period of scientific and industrial practice. They may be based on materials from research or scientific production work of the department, faculty, scientific or industrial physical organizations. The independent part must be a complete study, indicating the level of professional training of the author.

Requirements for the content, volume and structure of the thesis are determined by the higher education institution on the basis of the Regulations on the final state certification of graduates of higher educational institutions, approved by the Ministry of Education of Russia, the state educational standard for the specialty and methodological recommendations of the UMO. The time allotted for preparing a specialist’s qualifying work is at least 16 weeks.

1. Requirements for the state exam in the specialty

013800 Radiophysics

As a state exam, an exam is conducted that evaluates general professional training and specialist qualifications in the specialty 013800 Radiophysics .

A.S. is considered the founder of radiophysics. Popov, he invented the radio receiver.

Now this science covers all natural phenomena, from the study of the atomic nucleus to the laws of the universe.

The main direction is electromagnetic oscillations and radio waves.

Remuneration in Russia

The largest number of vacancies for specialists in the field of radiophysics is located:

• in the Moscow region — 21.5%;
• in second place is the Leningrad region. - 7.9%;
• in third - Nizhny Novgorod - 7.9%.

Employers offer 7 vacancies with a salary of up to 16,800 rubles, 70 with a salary of up to 32,600, 31 vacancies promise to pay 48,400 rubles, 14 job offers correspond to 64,200 rubles. and 8 - with a salary exceeding this amount.

A beginner specialist receives 8,000 rubles. ($136) at least.

The maximum rate received by a development engineer with at least 3 years of experience is 36,000 rubles. ($616).

The average level corresponds to 23,450 rubles. ($401) in Moscow, such professionals receive an average of 50,000 rubles. ($855), and in St. Petersburg - 40,000 rubles. ($684) .

The salary of radiophysicists in the country is distributed according to the following rating (in rubles):

• Moscow region - 45,000 ($770);
• Primorsky Krai - 42,552 ($728);
• Kamchatka Territory - 38,000 ($650);
• Murmansk region — 31668 ($542);
• Altai Territory - 30,000 ($513).

• engineer category I - 42,441 ($726); 41455 ($709);
• design engineer - 46862 ($802); 48722 ($833);
• engineer II category - 37,557 ($642); 34111 ($583);
• low-current systems - 33,733 ($645); 48511 ($830);
• for the introduction of new equipment and technologies - 39,032 ($668);
• leading engineer - 52702 ($901); 51943 ($889);
• C# developer - 50,000 ($855);
• equipment installation engineer - 50,000;
• programmer - 53702 ($919); 51848 ($887);
• engineer of the production and technical department - 35,000 ($599);
• standardization and certification specialist - 20,000 ($342);
• electrical installation foreman - 60,000 ($1,026); 56093 ($950).

Data for Russia for other positions in rubles:

• electronics engineer - 53889 ($922);
• chief specialist - 43758 ($749);
• chief - 67307 ($1151);
• REA developer - 71667 ($1226);
• HVAC designer - 66667 ($1140);
• technical supervision engineer - 60667 ($1038);
• Head of VET - 60,000 ($1,026);
• chief engineer - 55,000 ($941);
• technical equipment engineer - 54167 ($927);
• project - 51667 ($884);
• designer of low-current systems - 50417 ($862).

By CIS countries

IT specialists are the highest paid in Ukraine; they receive an average of 24,000 UAH. ($890).

The income of other radiophysicists depends on their position (in UAH):

• communications engineer without work experience - 3000 ($111);
• specialists in the field of information and telecommunications - 11.2 thousand ($415);
• in the scientific and technical field - 9000 ($333);
• laboratory tests - 7200 ($266);
• in industry - 6844 ($254).

The minimum salary for a beginning engineer is 2,111 UAH ($78), a professional with experience receives 18,200 UAH ($674), and the average level corresponds to 5,555 UAH ($206).

In Kazakhstan, a young radio physicist receives 53,000 tenge ($158), an experienced developer earns a maximum of 254,000 tenge ($760), the national average is 94,000 tenge ($281).

The work of Belarusian specialists is valued at at least 316 rubles. ($160) Maximum salary - 1337 b.r. ($675), the average wage level is 781 b.r. ($394).

For non-CIS countries

Germany

The minimum salary of a beginning engineer in Germany is many times higher than the maximum salary in the CIS countries.

Salaries of some specialists with radio engineering education in euros per month:

• engineer - 4380;
• electronics and telecommunications - 4836;
• mechanical engineering - 4668;
• electrical engineer - 4557;
• programmer - 4067.

More recently, Germany introduced a minimum wage level that corresponds (in euros):

• 8.5 - for 1 hour of work;
• 68 - in 8 hours or 1 working day;
• 340 - in 40 hours or 5 days;
• 1360 - for 160 hours of work.

Poland

Average salaries for radiophysicists in Poland:

• director in the IT field - PLN 13,305. ($3494);
• automation and robotics engineer - PLN 2993. ($786);
• electronics – PLN 2713 ($749);
• electrician - PLN 2853 ($750).

By city in America, annual salaries in the field of technology programming (in $):

• Toronto - 68,000;
• Chicago - 107,000;
  Los Angeles - 117,000;
• Washington - 108,000;
• Denver - 112,000;
• Boston - 116,000;
• New York - 121000.

Other countries

Average annual salary data for radiophysicists in dollars:

• France - 555,000;
• England - 574,000;
• Singapore - 56,000;
• Australia - 79,000;
• Austria - 77,000.

Required knowledge

Basic knowledge of the exact sciences, as well as computer science, Russian and English, is acquired during school years.

At the university, all these subjects are studied in more depth.

Knowledge will be useful for conducting scientific and research work in the areas of:

• laser equipment and technologies;
• accounting systems;
• radio engineering;
• electrical engineering;
• nanotechnology;
• radio equipment;
• quantum radiophysics and radio electronics;
• acoustics, etc.

Where can I work?

There are almost limitless opportunities for graduates of technical universities.

They can apply their knowledge in the following areas:

• research work;
• radio and telecommunications enterprises;
• video surveillance systems;
• security companies;
• production and servicing of electrical appliances;
• computer companies.

Specialty code: 01.04.03 Radiophysics

Description of specialty:“Radiophysics” is a branch of physics that deals with the study of the general laws of generation, transmission, reception, recording and analysis of oscillations and waves of various physical natures and different frequency ranges, as well as their application in fundamental and applied research. The commonality of the studied radiophysical laws of radiation, propagation, interaction and transformation of oscillations and waves in various media, including inhomogeneous, nonlinear and non-stationary, allows us to include radiophysical methods as a universal means of studying the environment at various levels: from the microcosm to outer space.

Field of study:
1. Development of the physical principles of generation, amplification and transformation of oscillations and waves of various natures (electromagnetic, acoustic, plasma, mechanical), as well as autowaves in nonequilibrium chemical and biological systems. Searches for ways to create highly efficient sources of coherent radiation in the millimeter, submillimeter and optical ranges, technical development of new frequency and power ranges.
2. Study of linear and nonlinear processes of radiation, propagation, diffraction, scattering, interaction and transformation of waves in natural and artificial environments.
3. Development, research and creation of new electrodynamic systems and devices for the formation and transmission of radio signals: resonators, waveguides, filters and antenna systems in the radio, optical and IR ranges.
4. Study of fluctuations, noise, random processes and fields in concentrated and distributed stochastic systems (statistical radiophysics). Creation of new methods of analysis and statistical processing of signals in conditions of interference. Development of statistical foundations for information transfer. Study of nonlinear dynamics, spatiotemporal chaos and self-organization in nonequilibrium physical, biological, chemical and economic systems.
5. Development of scientific foundations and principles of active and passive remote diagnostics of the environment, based on modern methods for solving inverse problems. Creation of systems for remote monitoring of the geo-, hydrosphere, ionosphere, magnetosphere and atmosphere. Radio astronomy studies of near and far outer space.
6. Development of physical principles and creation of new wave technologies for modification and processing of materials.
7. Development of theoretical and technical foundations of new methods and communication systems, navigation, active and passive location systems based on the use of radiation and reception of wave fields of various physical natures and the development of new frequency ranges.

Branches of science:
technical sciences (for the development and creation of instruments, installations, thermal processes and their application in the national economy),
physical and mathematical sciences (for research of a general physical nature).

About the specialty:

Description of the specialty of radiophysics, which universities teach radiophysics, admission, exams, what subjects are studied in the specialty.

The curriculum includes classical subsections of physics, such as mechanics, molecular physics, electricity and magnetism, waves and vibrations, optics and atomic physics. In the mathematical part, students study mathematical analysis, linear algebra, differential equations, analytical geometry, probability theory and mathematical statistics. In addition, students practice programming.

Employment in radiophysics

Radio physicists can work in almost any area of ​​physics, from electronics to acoustics. A graduate can devote himself to both work in the commercial sector and research natural phenomena. To successfully build a career, it is recommended that the student, having chosen a narrow specialization, complete a master's degree.

Career in Radiophysics

Due to the growth of the knowledge-intensive sector of the economy, physicists are in demand in the labor market. A physicist will be able to find work in the communications field, robotics, electronics and optical instrument companies