Sweden during the First World War. Swedish Navy (2007) Swedish Navy before the First World War

Geopolitical changes in the world, Europe, the Baltic countries and the Northern European region determine the gradual departure of the military-political leadership of Sweden from the traditional (officially proclaimed back in 1834) orientation towards the principles of neutrality. According to former Defense Minister Leni Bjorklund, “Sweden, having signed documents committing to follow the new security strategy of the European Union, must be prepared for a timely, rapid, and, if necessary, massive response to threats to the security of the country and the EU. An important component in solving these problems are the Royal Navy of the country." The commander of the Navy, Rear Admiral Anders Grenstad, sees this branch of the armed forces as “an instrument of an active international security policy.”

Historically, the Swedish Navy, which included a fleet and coastal defense units, was intended to protect the country's territory, conduct primarily defensive operations in inland and coastal waters (the coastline is about 2,700 km long), and ensure freedom of navigation (up to 95 percent of the country's foreign trade is carried out by sea). The fleet did not have large warships capable of operating for a sufficiently long time at a distance from the bases; the main efforts were directed to the development of fortification facilities. In particular, the coastal artillery consisted of over 50 batteries, which were served by a third of the Navy personnel.

Currently, the military-political leadership of the country is implementing the concept of “accelerated transformation of the Armed Forces”, introduced by the directive of the Supreme Commander General Håkan Süren in 2004. As far as the Navy is concerned, construction and combat training activities are aimed at ensuring the country's security from the sea in the so-called far coastal zone, as well as close cooperation, cooperation and coordination of actions with the relevant military structures of the EU and NATO. The priority tasks are to create and jointly develop international standards for operational formations of rapid reaction forces (RRF). The naval component of the RRF must be ready to carry out, within the framework of multinational formations, the tasks of organizing a naval blockade in crisis areas, conducting reconnaissance, combating mine danger, as well as taking part in peacekeeping and humanitarian operations. The typical composition of the operational groups of the Swedish Navy RBU includes two missile boats (RKA) of the Gothenburg or Stockholm type, two mine-sweeping ships of the Landsort type with control and support vessels, a Gotland-type submarine, as well as an amphibious landing group of up to 400 people.

The activities of the Swedish Navy in the far coastal zone, which, according to local military experts, includes archipelagos, bays, straits, shallow waters, as well as harbors and the coast with its transport infrastructure, are significantly complicated by the high intensity of shipping, difficult hydrographic and hydroacoustic conditions. Therefore, all operational formations of the fleet and marines should, according to the calculations of the command, “light, mobile, inconspicuous and have great lethal power and flexibility in combat use.”

Naval personnel. The fleet includes five diesel submarines (DPL), a midget submarine, five corvettes, six missile and 12 patrol boats, five minelayers and nine mine countermeasures ships, more than 250 boats, including five catamaran-type minesweeper boats with remote control, four boats - a director of sonar buoys, two boats - minelayers and transport-landing boats. In addition, there are about 100 small (displacement up to 2 tons) auxiliary boats of type G (Gruppbat). The auxiliary fleet includes more than 20 vessels for various purposes (including three mother ships, two transports, a reconnaissance ship, a submarine rescue vessel, three for diving support and two for missile test launches and an ocean tug).

The size of the Navy is about 5 thousand people, including more than 2 thousand officers (of which about 90 are women).

Based system. A characteristic feature of the Swedish Navy's basing system is the presence in skerry areas of the coast of fortified or rock shelters for ships, control posts, warehouses, workshops, as well as a network of anchorages and equipped berths in numerous ports.

The national navy uses the Karlskrona naval base and the Muske base. PB Härnesand, Gothenburg, Malmö and Foresund are mothballed.

The Karlskrona naval base (in the depths of the skerry area, next to the large Karlskronavarvet shipyard and testing grounds) has a mooring front of 4 km, depths at the walls of up to 10 m.

PB Muske (on the island of the same name in Horfjord, 40 km south of Stockholm) has a mooring front length of over 5 km, wall depths of up to 12 m and is equipped with a system of underground (up to 30 m) rock shelters with three dry docks, a slipway, tunnels connecting it to the mainland. There are also office, storage and residential premises here.

PB Hernesand is located on the coast of the Gulf of Bothnia, has a ship repair yard, a berth front of up to 1 km, depth at the walls of about 7 m.

PB Gothenburg (at the mouth of the Geta-Älv river in the Kattegat Strait) is also the country's largest oil, container and ferry hub, shipbuilding and repair center. There are 12 harbors, about 100 berths, with a total length of over 20 km with depths at the walls of up to 20 m, allowing for ships of all classes, including aircraft carriers.

PB Malmö is located on the southwestern coast of Sweden in the Skagerrak Strait, south of the port of Landskrona.

In the northeastern part of the island. Gotland is located in the Foresund PB, which provides for the parking and servicing of warships with a displacement of up to a URO corvette, as well as missile and patrol boats.

The largest ports suitable for parking and repairing warships and boats are Landskrona, Norrköping, Helsingborg, Oskarshamn, Sundsvall and others.

Organizational structure of the Navy. In 1998, with the reorganization of the country's highest military command system, a number of official responsibilities of commanders of the armed forces were abolished, which were transferred to chief inspectors. In particular, the Navy inspector is responsible for developing and verifying the implementation of regulatory documents on combat training, organizing control over the testing and adoption of new types of weapons and military equipment.

The leadership of the naval forces is carried out by: operational - the commander of the tactical command of the Navy, administrative - the inspector of the Navy (subordinate to the head of the department of training and daily activities of troops of the command of the Swedish Armed Forces).

The fleet consists of a flotilla of submarines and two flotillas of surface ships.

Gotland-class submarine of the Swedish Navy

The submarine forces have in the flotilla (headquarters at the Karlskrona naval base) three submarines of the Gotland type with an air-independent propulsion system (VNDU) and two of the Södermanland type (formerly of the Västergötland type, equipped with VIDU during modernization). For the first time, such an installation (Tillma Stirling, operating on liquid oxygen), which allows increasing the time spent underwater by 5 times compared to a conventional submarine, was equipped with the Nakken submarine in 1988, and in 1996, 1997 and 1998 - serial submarines of the "Gotland" type ("Gotland", "Uppland" and "Halland"). The emergence in this regard of new opportunities for long-term reconnaissance and special operations meets the intentions of the command of the Swedish Armed Forces to reorient itself from conducting traditional combat operations for this type of armed forces to “participation in international operations, for example, the landing and return of reconnaissance and sabotage groups.”

The Gotland submarine is currently leased to the US Navy and has been at the San Diego naval base since June 2005, where it provides training for tactical techniques for combating American anti-submarine forces against such submarines, including in coastal and shallow water areas.

Plans for the development of submarine forces include: the construction by 2012 of two submarines with VNDU under the joint Viking project with Denmark and Norway, as well as the development of more effective types of missile and mine-torpedo weapons, equipping submarines with autonomous or remotely controlled underwater vehicles for various purposes, and in the future - the creation of a multifunctional submarine of a modular design (with replaceable sections-compartments containing, for example, fuel tanks, blocks with surface-to-surface missiles, etc.).

Landsort type minesweeper

The fleet's surface forces include two flotillas of surface ships - the 3rd (Navy Base Karskrona) and the 4th (PB Muske), which consist of divisions of corvettes and minesweepers. The 32nd corvette division includes the Visby-class corvettes entering service with the fleet (currently there are two - Visby and Helsingborg). Missile boats (corvettes according to the Swedish classification) of the Stockholm (two) and Gothenburg (four) types are consolidated into 31 (Stockholm, Malmo and Kalmar) and 41 (Gothenburg, " Gävle" and "Sundsvall") divisions.

The 33rd and 42nd divisions of mine-sweeping ships include the minelayer Karlskrona (33 days), minesweepers of the Landsort type (seven) and minesweepers of the Sturse type (four), as well as boats : four sonobuoy operators of the Eidern type and five catamaran minesweepers of the SAM type with remote control. Each division has a group of submarine miners.

In addition, the flotillas include the floating bases Trosse (3rd flotilla) and Wisborg (4th).

Modern Visby-class guided missile corvettes are designed primarily for operations in coastal areas and are the most combat-ready among the fleet's surface forces. They can solve a whole range of combat missions: combating submarines and surface ships, the threat of mines, launching missile attacks on enemy coastal targets, ensuring the protection of sea communications, as well as participating in blockade operations from the sea and peacekeeping operations. Currently, two corvettes of this type (Härnesand and Nyköping) are at different stages of sea trials, and in 2007 they will be joined by the last ship in the series, the fifth (Karl Stad).

Swedish Navy Visby-class corvette

When developing a project for a ship of this type using stealth technology (total cost 1.2 billion US dollars), the experience of building and operating minesweepers of the Sturse and Landsort types, as well as the experimental skeg-type hovercraft missile boat Smuge, was used. During the 10-year design and construction process, Karlskronavarvet used the latest technologies to reduce acoustic, visual, infrared and radar signature, as well as reduce the ability to detect the ship's own physical fields, including using laser devices, by wake and hydrostatic pressure.

Plans for the development of this type of naval force provide for the creation of the next generation of ships to replace (in 2010-2020) the Stockholm and Gothenburg type RKA. These will be corvette-class ships with a displacement of up to 2,000 tons, capable of performing missions not only in coastal waters, but also in ocean areas as part of multinational forces.

Mine-resistant ships of the Landsort and Sturse types were built at the end of the last century using modern technologies, equipped and continue to be equipped with the latest equipment for detecting, pinpointing, identifying, classifying and neutralizing sea mines of various types. On board the ships are teams of submarine miners who previously undergo comprehensive training at their base in Gullmarsfjorden, as well as towed and/or autonomous mine remote detection equipment.

Landing ships. Three landing ships (Bore, Heimdal and Grim) were built in the 1960s and withdrawn from the fleet in 2002. They are planned to be replaced by modern ships capable of ensuring the landing of a reinforced Swedish Marine battalion during an amphibious landing operation. Landing craft are used as landing craft, of which there are up to 250 units in the fleet (mainly types Strb CB 90H/HS/E, Tpbs 200 and Trossbat).

With the creation of a full-fledged MP group by 2014 and equipping it with armored vehicles, the acquisition of larger landing ships and new air-cushion landing craft will be required. In particular, joint exercises with NATO of Swedish marine units of the Strong Resolve 2002 type (with landing from the American landing ship Tor-Tuga, later from the Dutch Rotterdam), and regular participation are aimed at practicing actions in modern conditions. in the Baltops and Cooperative Banners maneuvers, as well as the creation in 2006 of the Swedish-Finnish amphibious task force.

Increased attention is paid to the formation of groups of vessels to support surface, submarine and amphibious forces at sea when they perform combat missions in distant coastal zones.

Formations of missile and mine-sweeping boats in the near future will likely retain their traditional purpose and combat composition.

Amphibious forces, previously intended primarily for coastal defense of 2,700 km of coastline and over 25 thousand islands of national origin, are currently experiencing a period of formation for solving other tasks, including conducting reconnaissance and sabotage operations deep in enemy defenses using high-speed sea transport - landing craft.

They represent an amphibious regiment, on the basis of which an amphibious brigade consisting of three battalions can be formed. Each battalion is intended to operate both independently and in cooperation with units of other branches of the naval forces, units of the ground forces, aviation and some civilian departments.

Organizationally, the amphibious battalion of the Marine Corps (total number of personnel is about 800 people) includes four companies (headquarters, amphibious and two coastal rangers), a mortar battery and a combat control group.

The headquarters company (175 people, three platoons: headquarters, reconnaissance, support) solves the tasks of conducting reconnaissance in the interests of the battalion (three squads of reconnaissance divers), as well as various types of support.

The amphibious company (145 people, three platoons: headquarters, support, mine action, and a missile battery) is equipped with remote-controlled underwater surveillance and mine detection systems, as well as short-range missiles. The 50-person missile battery has 24 RBS-17 Hellfire short-range anti-ship missiles.

A company of coastal rangers (180 people, four platoons: a headquarters platoon and three platoons of 50 people each) is intended mainly to combat enemy landings. The Jaeger platoon organizationally includes five sections: three rifle, machine gun (four 12, 7-mm machine guns) and anti-tank (four 84-mm RPG "Carl Gustav"). To solve specific problems, groups of rangers of six to eight people are formed from the ranger platoons.

The mortar battery (100 people, three platoons: headquarters and two mortars) is armed with eight nationally produced 81-mm M84 mortars and is the main fire support unit of the battalion.

The combat control group (up to 20 people), maintaining contact with the command, coordinates the actions of all units of the marine battalion.

In addition, the amphibious force includes a division of patrol boats consisting of 12 Tupper-class boats and two former minelayers (Arkesund and Grundsund), acting as control ships. In the interests of the amphibious forces, patrol boats of the Kaparen type and a former minesweeper of the Viksten type, which are in reserve, can also be used.

Naval Aviation. In 1998, as a result of the reorganization of the helicopter squadrons available in the country's armed forces, one wing of combat and auxiliary helicopters was formed (headquarters in Linköping), in which missions in the interests of the Navy are performed by helicopters stationed at the air bases of Berg (near Stockholm), Seve (Gothenburg) and Ronneby: AND AS.332 "Super Puma" (Swedish designation Hkp-10), 14 "Boeing Vertol/Kawasaki-107" (Hkp-4C/D), eight "Agusta-109M" (Hkp-15) and 10 NH -90 (Hkp-14). It is planned to increase the number of Agusta-109M helicopters to 20 by 2008 (including eight intended for deployment on Visby-class corvettes), and by 2009 to complete the purchase of NH-90 medium transport and landing helicopters (18 in total) , having modern on-board aviation equipment and weapons, including torpedoes. At the same time, by 2009, all Hkp-4 helicopters will be withdrawn from service.

Recruitment and combat training. The Navy is recruited in accordance with the law “On Mandatory Participation in Total Defense” adopted in 1994, according to which Swedish male citizens aged 18 to 47 years can be called up for active military service.

The duration of military service, depending on the military specialty, is 10-18 months. In addition to conscription, recruitment can also be carried out on a voluntary basis by male and female citizens aged 18 to 24 years.

Active military service in the Navy usually includes three stages: initial training, special training and service in combat units.

Special training for enlisted personnel involves mastering a military specialty and is carried out for 10-15 weeks in appropriate schools or training centers. Candidates for non-commissioned officers and reserve officers are trained in their specialty for 20-30 weeks.

Service on ships or in coastal defense units for up to 10 weeks (for the first category) and 20-25 weeks (for the second and third) is the final stage of active military service.

Combat coordination of units and tactical groups of the Navy branches is carried out during exercises and practical exercises of various sizes.

After completing active military service, those liable for military service are enlisted in the reserve (reserve) and assigned to a specific military unit. During their stay in the reserve (the age limit for a reservist is 47 years), those liable for military service, as a rule, are called up for training (for 20-30 days) for retraining once every two to three years.

The selection of officer candidates during conscript service is based on the results of tests on theoretical and physical training developed by the Research Center of the Ministry of Defense, the recruiting center and the headquarters of the Navy.

Training of career officers is carried out at the Naval School (Karlskrona). The training period for career officers is two years, reserve officers - one year, upon graduation, graduates receive the primary officer rank of fenrik (junior lieutenant) and are sent to combat units, where they must serve for at least a year. After three to five years of service, future "career officers" can enter the Naval Higher School in Stockholm after completing a 12-month course in which they receive the rank of lieutenant. The course program includes mastering weapon systems, studying the basics of staff work and other related disciplines.

After another three to five years of service in units, officers have the right to study at a military college, also in Stockholm, with subsequent assignment to the military rank of captain.

Training of senior officers to captain rank 3/2 (commander-captain/erlogs-captain) and major/lieutenant colonel of the Marine Corps is carried out at one of two special courses at the National College of the Armed Forces. Stockholm. Here, for two years, students study and practically practice a wide range of disciplines, in particular operational art and military strategy. Upon completion of the first of the special courses, officers are appointed to the position of commander of a 3rd rank ship or company (amphibious forces). Officers who successfully complete the second special course can be appointed to the positions of commanders of ships of the 2nd rank, coastal facilities, or to a staff position corresponding to their military rank.

Along with such a four-stage officer career, military personnel have the opportunity to consistently improve their qualifications in their chosen specialty in one or another field of military activity.

According to the leadership of the Swedish Navy, the existing procedure for serving as enlisted men and officers makes it possible to effectively staff combat and reserve units and units, and for the command to identify candidates for further promotion.

Internationally, units of the Swedish Marine Corps took an active part in UN peacekeeping operations (Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Liberia), and representatives of the country's military-industrial complex - in the implementation of defense programs of the Baltic countries, in particular the supply of weapons and military equipment, the creation of a consolidated minesweeper division (BALTRON ) etc.

The main directions for improving the Navy and the capabilities of the military-industrial complex. In connection with joining the EU in 1995, to date, almost all major Swedish military-industrial complex companies have become the property of European and American corporations. As a member country of the Six Party Agreement (along with Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy and Spain), Sweden is participating in the process of restructuring the military-industrial complex of European countries.

The command of the Swedish Navy intends to improve this type of armed forces in six priority areas: bringing the command information and control system to NATO standards, creating, modernizing or acquiring modern surface, mine-sweeping, amphibious ships, submarines and helicopters.

The first direction of work is being carried out by the SAAB Systems company, upgrading the CETRIS system already installed on three URO corvettes, which includes a number of interfaces (digital data transmission, friend-foe identification, infrared detection/tracking, communications and electronic warfare). It is planned to install equipment for digital data transmission systems "Link-11/16/22".

Shipbuilding programs are implemented mainly by the country's largest company, Kokums (headquarters in Karlskrona, shipyards in Karlskrona and Malmo), founded in 1679. URO corvettes of the Visby type with a fiber-carbon hull, multi-purpose mine-sweeping ships of the Landsort and Sturse types, submarines of the Gotland type and the new A26 project - all were built and are being built at the factories of this company. Nowadays it is part of the Thyssen-Krupp Marine Systems group (Hamburg), which also unites the German companies Howaldtswerke Deutsche Werft (Kiel), Nobiskrug (Rendsburg), Blom und Voss" (Hamburg), "Nordseewerke" (Emden) and "Hellenic Shipyards" (Scaramanga, Greece).

Landing boats of the Strb-90H type (Stridsbat-90H, export designation SV 90Н - Combat Boat 90H) were built in large series at the Dokstavarvet and Gotlandsvarvet shipyards, including for export to Norway, Greece, Malaysia and Mexico. Preparations are underway for serial production of the SV 2010 type amphibious landing boat.

Missile and artillery weapons for the Navy are created at the factories of the Bofors Defense company, which is owned by the American United Defense. Modern models: anti-ship missiles RBS-15 Mk3, gun mounts of 40 and 57 mm calibers are entering service with both Swedish and foreign warships and boats.

The latest torpedo weapons (light torpedoes type 45 and heavy torpedoes type 62) are supplied to the fleet by the SAAB Underwater System company.

The plan for improving helicopter aviation provides for the purchase of light helicopters of the Agusta 109 type LUHS (Light Utility Helicopter Sweden), both ship-based and shore-based, as well as medium multi-purpose helicopters of the NH-90 type. Sweden is participating in a joint project to develop the NH-90 under the Nordic Standard Helicopter Program.

Thus, the medium-term plans for the development of the Navy provide for the continuation of work on the joint Viking project to create a new submarine with an air-independent propulsion system by 2012, the commissioning of another Visby-class guided missile corvette into the fleet in 2007, completion by 2014 year of the formation of amphibious battalions with their retrofitting with landing boats of the SV 90N and SV 2010 types, the development of the latest weapons and military equipment, the introduction of command and control information systems, as well as a number of other activities.

Like the defense departments of other European countries, the command of the Swedish Navy is faced with the need to reduce military spending, in particular the conservation and/or conversion of high-cost coastal infrastructure (numerous fortifications, rock shelters and slips, fortified missile and artillery positions, command posts and communication centers , ship repair industry facilities, warehouses, etc.). Taking into account the experience of a number of European states (for example, Albania, on whose territory about 750 thousand long-term reinforced concrete firing positions were built between 1950 and 1970), Swedish experts expect to effectively use the funds saved due to this and the opportunities that arose due to the end of the Cold War. .

Along with equipping the fleet with the latest types of weapons and military equipment, the command of the Swedish Navy plans in the coming years to consistently reduce the number of personnel, the number of coastal defense facilities, and remove obsolete submarines, surface ships and boats from the fleet, while pursuing the goal of optimizing the ship's composition , aviation fleet and structure of the Marine Corps, primarily in the interests of ensuring the security of the country from maritime directions in the far coastal zone.

(Based on materials from the journal “Foreign Military Review”)

Swedish Navy

After the end of the First World War, Sweden unexpectedly turned out to be the strongest maritime power in the Baltic. This circumstance led to the fact that the country’s parliament, which did not believe in the possibility of a new world conflict, adopted a decision in 1925 to reduce the military budget by 50%. A consequence of the reduction in funding was the refusal to build the planned series of battleships of the "Sverige" type - at first their number was reduced from five to one, but in the end it was decided to use the funds to modernize the ships in service.

Still, compared to its closest neighbors - Denmark and Norway, Sweden paid noticeably more attention to the fleet. In the period from 1925 to 1936, the Navy was replenished with the aircraft-carrying cruiser Gotland, which caused a lot of noise in maritime circles, and several modern destroyers, submarines and patrol ships.

By the mid-1930s. The international situation has changed noticeably and even the pacifist-minded Swedish parliament has finally come to understand the need to increase military spending. In 1936, a new defense law was adopted, according to which funds for the purchase of weapons were significantly increased. The Navy finally had the opportunity to order new coastal defense battleships (for a number of reasons, their construction was postponed several times and was eventually cancelled) and speed up the modernization of the light forces, which consisted mostly of morally and physically obsolete ships. Still, the renewal of the fleet by 1939 was far from complete.

The outbreak of World War II and the Soviet Union's invasion of Finland caused Sweden to fear seriously for its future. The German occupation of Norway and Denmark that followed in April 1940 did not add to the calm. To prevent a hypothetical German invasion, Sweden began to urgently build up its forces - coastal submarines were built under the “emergency program”, and a light cruiser project was ordered from Italy. With the same Italy at the beginning of 1940, it was possible to agree on the sale of two destroyers, two destroyers and four torpedo boats.

The likelihood of an invasion by German troops, according to the Swedes, existed until mid-1943. In order not to be drawn into the war and remain neutral, Sweden had to arm itself to the teeth. As a result, after the end of World War II, for some time it again found itself in the role of the strongest Baltic maritime power.

Coastal defense battleships

Coastal defense battleships of the "Sverige" type - 3 units

"Sverige" GvS 12.12.1912 3.5.1915 6.1917 Expelled in 1953

"Drottning Victoria" GvS 7.1915 15.9.1917 3.1921 Expelled in 1957

"Gustaf V" KS 12.1914 31.1.1918 12.1922 Deleted in 1957

7160 ("Gustaf V"), 7010 ("Drottning Victoria") and 6970 ("Sverige")/7800 - 8000 t; 119.7 ("Sverige") or 120.9 (vl)/121.6 (others)x18.6x6.8 m. 2 TZA, 8 PCs ("Gustaf V" and "Drottning Victoria") or 4 PTU, 4 PC ("Sverige"), 20,000 - 22,000 hp, 22.5 - 23.2 knots, "Gustaf V" and "Drottning Victoria" - 360 t (coal) + 273 t (oil). Reservations: side 200 - 60 mm, deck 30 - 45 mm, main gun turrets 200 mm, main gun barbettes 150 mm, medium caliber turrets 125 mm, medium caliber barbettes 100 mm, deckhouse 175 mm. Ek. 557 ("Sverige") or 590 (other) people. 2x2 - 283 mm/45, 1 x 2 and 6 x 1 ("Drottning Victoria") or 1 x 2 and 4 x 1 ("Sverige") or 6 x 1 ("Gustaf V") - 152 mm/50, 2x2 - 75 mm/53, 2x2 - 40 mm/60 ("Sverige" and "Gustaf V"), 2x2 ("Sverige"), 2 x 2 and 4 x 1 ("Gustaf V") or 3 x 1 ("Drottning Victoria") - 25 mm.

The world's last classic coastal defense battleships and the only ships of this class equipped with a steam turbine power plant.

The history of the design of these ships dates back to 1906, when the leadership of the Swedish Navy came to the conclusion that the size and armament of the existing coastal defense battleships no longer corresponded to their time. According to experts, it was necessary to increase the displacement to 7 - 7.5 thousand tons, which would make it possible to switch to 283-mm main battery artillery and adequate protection for it. In accordance with the new requirements, a design of the battleship was prepared, which received the letter designation "F". Structurally, it was a greatly enlarged "Oscar II" with four 283 mm guns in two end turrets and a speed of 22.5 knots. (in the early stages of design, the silhouette of the ship remained very similar to the prototype, since, like the Oscar II, it had three smokestacks).

After lengthy discussions of the project and some changes, the construction of a new battleship, called "Sverige", was approved by parliament in 1911.

In parallel with the design of the ship, the Bofors company began creating a 283-mm artillery system, which was adopted by the Swedish Navy in 1912 and was rightfully considered one of the best in the world for its time. The composition of the medium caliber did not change compared to the prototype, but was located in a new way - one two-gun turret was placed linearly and elevated behind the bow main battery turret, and the remaining six guns were in single turrets, three per side, as on earlier Agap-class ships. . The armament was completed by four anti-mine guns, two 75-mm anti-aircraft guns and two underwater TA guns.

The belt along the waterline, 2 m high, extended almost the entire length of the hull - 112 m. In the middle part, for 51 m, it had a thickness of 200 mm, thinning at the bow and stern, first to 150, and then to 60 mm. A second belt 100 mm thick stretched over the main one - from the barbette of the bow 152-mm turret to the barbette of the aft main gun turret.

Since to achieve 22.5 knots. speed using a traditional steam engine installation was not possible; the ship was equipped with a steam turbine power plant, consisting of four turbines with direct transmission.

In order to improve seaworthiness, the ship's hull was equipped with a small forecastle with a sloping deck (as on early destroyers), stretching to the bow main gun turret.

The standard displacement of "Sverige" was 6852 tons, the total displacement was 7688 tons.

There is an interesting story connected with the construction of "Sverige". The budget item for the construction of this ship included only a third of the required amount (4 million crowns instead of 11.7!) The fact is that the Swedish parliamentarians simply did not imagine that the new battleship would be more than three times more expensive than its predecessor - "Oscar II" (3.4 million crowns). We had to collect the missing funds by subscription among the population.

In 1914, the country's parliament decided to build two more Sverige-class battleships with minor changes to the design. In appearance, the most noticeable was the abandonment of the ram formation of the stem (due to some lengthening of the bow tip) and a different shape of the forecastle. More serious were the changes in the filling of the power plant - instead of turbines with direct transmission with a contract capacity of 20,000 hp. on the lead ship "Gustaf V" and "Drottning Victoria" were equipped with a two-shaft TZA with a power of 22,000 hp. Greater power with improved hull contours led to an increase in speed by 0.7 knots. (from 22.5 to 23.2 knots), and the TZA, even with a smaller total fuel supply (761 versus 776 tons), made it possible to increase the cruising range to 3280 miles (versus 2720 miles for the Sverige).

At the same time, the displacement decreased slightly: standard - to 6842 tons, full - to 7663 tons.

During their more than thirty years of service, ships of this type have successively undergone two or three modernizations. The first to arrive at the shipyard in 1926 was "Sverige" - it received a new tripod foremast with main battery fire control posts. The following year, 1927, similar work was carried out at Drottning Victoria. The first wave of modernizations was completed by "Gustaf V" in 1930, but the volume of work performed on it turned out to be much greater - in addition to the new tripod foremast, the chimneys of both pipes were combined on the ship into one common (to reduce smoke pollution of the bow superstructure), mainmast moved closer to the midsection and reduced its height, and in the free space diagonally, 2x2 75-mm anti-aircraft guns were installed (at the same time, all previously standing 75-mm guns were dismantled).

The second wave of modernization in 1933 was again opened by "Sverige" - this time the list of works largely repeated those carried out shortly before on "Gustaf V". The difference was a different solution to the smoke problem - the first chimney was bent back, giving it an S-shape. In addition, both TAs were dismantled. In 1935, he began modernizing the Drottning Victoria. In addition to rearranging the main mast, strengthening the anti-aircraft weapons (2 x 2 75-mm guns and 3 x 1 25-mm machine guns), dismantling the TA and installing new rangefinders on the ship, the power plant was overhauled - the turbines were rebuilt, and half of the boilers with mixed heating were replaced with two pure oil type Pene, since the mid-1930s. accepted as standard in the Swedish Navy. In 1938, the power plant on the "Gustaf V" was repaired in a similar way. At the same time, the ship's air defense was significantly strengthened - in place of the removed bow twin 152-mm second-caliber turret, two twin 40-mm machine guns were mounted

"Bofors", two twin 25-mm machine guns were placed on the aft superstructure next to the 75-mm guns, and four more similar machine guns appeared on the roofs of the bow and stern pair of single-gun 152-mm turrets.

In 1939, "Sverige" underwent a third modernization. Instead of 12 old PCs with mixed heating, four pure oil Pene types were installed. The turbines were not replaced, limiting themselves to repairs. Unlike the Gustaf V, the 40-mm twin Bofors were placed in the middle part of the hull in place of the middle pair of dismantled 152-mm turrets on the left and right sides, while the two-gun 152-mm turret was retained. In addition, on the Sverige the number of 25 mm machine guns was initially limited to 2 x 2 on the aft superstructure.

In 1941, "Drottning Victoria" underwent reinforcement of air defense, which, in composition and arrangement, basically repeated that adopted on "Sverige" (all differences boiled down to the installation of 25-mm single-barreled machine guns on the roofs of 152-mm towers, as on "Gustaf V" - initially on the bow pair, and later on the stern pair).

In 1942, on the Sverige, and soon on the other ships, a third twin 40-mm Bofors installation was installed - in the stern, on the quarterdeck deck. Single-barrel 25-mm machine guns of the 1932 model were replaced with more advanced 20-mm models of 1940.

In 1943, "Drottning Victoria" received a Swedish-made radar.

On the "Gustaf V" in 1940, a steam boiler exploded.

"Sverige" was damaged as a result of a collision with the submarine "Svardfisken" on January 18, 1942; repairing the damage took two months.

"Sverige" and "Drottning Victoria" were put into reserve in 1947, "Gustaf V" - in 1948, scrapped in 1958, 1959 and 1970. respectively.

Coastal defense battleship "Oscar II" - 1 unit

"Oscar II" LS 29.3.1903 6.6.1905 4.1907 Deleted in 1950

4250/4850 t, 95.6x15.4x5.5 m. 2 PMU, 10 PCs, 9400 hp, 18.5 kts, 500 tons of coal, 3550 (11) miles. Reservations: side 150 - 100 mm, deck 37 - 50 mm, main gun turrets 190 -130 mm, main gun barbettes 175 mm, medium caliber turrets 125 mm, deckhouse 157 mm. Ek. 338 people 2 x 1 - 210 mm/44, 4 x 2 - 152 mm/50, 2 x 2 - 57 mm, 1 X 2 - 25 mm.

The world's only three-tube coastal defense battleship. The original plans stipulated that the Oscar II would be built according to the drawings of the Agap class ships with minor changes, however, during parliamentary hearings in 1901 dedicated to the allocation of funds for the construction of a new ship, wishes were expressed to rework the project in the direction of increasing the number of trunks auxiliary artillery, strengthening armor and increasing speed. The preparation of the new project and subsequent approval lasted almost two years - only in May 1903, King Oscar II of Sweden approved the drawings of the new battleship named in his honor.

Structurally, "Oscar M" was a development of the "Agape" type. Due to slightly increased dimensions and a slight reduction in the thickness of the side armor, the power of the propulsion system was almost doubled, which made it possible to increase the speed to 18.5 knots. The lighter armor was partly compensated by extending the belt at the bow and stern (the thickness at the ends was reduced to 100 mm). A short (only 23 m) 100 mm second armor belt on top of the main one covered the supply of 152 mm and 57 mm guns, as well as the PK chimneys.

In terms of armament, the main difference between the new battleship was the increase in the number of 152-mm guns to eight and the transition to two-gun auxiliary caliber turrets (similar

installed on the armored cruiser Fylgia, which was being built at the same time).

During its service, "Oscar II" underwent repairs and modernization three times. During the first (1911), main battery fire control devices were mounted on the tripod-shaped foremast. Somewhat later, in 1916, two of the 57-mm anti-mine guns were converted into anti-aircraft guns and installed on the roofs of the main battery towers. During the second repair (1929), the mainmast was shortened and some redevelopment of the superstructures was carried out. In 1938 - 1939 the ship underwent the third, most extensive modernization, during which the old PCs were replaced with new ones, two of which had pure oil heating, the mainmast was removed, torpedo tubes and old 57-mm guns were dismantled, anti-aircraft weapons were strengthened by additionally installing four 57-mm guns in the aft part of the superstructure, 1 x 2 25 mm machine guns and 2 x 2 8 mm machine guns. The total displacement increased from 4584 to 4850 tons.

After expulsion in 1950, she was converted into a non-self-propelled training vessel. It was scrapped only in 1974.

Coastal defense battleships of the "Aran" type - 4 units

"Aran" LS 1899 14.8.1901 9.1902 Deleted in 1947

"Wasa" FS 1899 19.5.1901 12.1902 Deleted in 1940

"Tapperheten" KS 1899 7.11.1901 1903 Deleted in 1947

"Manligheten" KS 12.1901 1.12.1903 12.1904 Deleted in 1950

450/ about 3800 t ("Manligheten") or about 3300/3735 t (others ); 89.7 ("Manligheten" - 90 m) x15x5.3 m; 2 PMU, 8 PCs, 5500 l. pp., 16.5 knots, 370 tons of coal, 3000 (12) miles. Reservations: side 175 mm, deck 48 mm, main gun turrets 180 - 140 mm, main gun barbettes 190 mm, medium caliber turrets 125 - 60 mm, medium caliber barbettes 100 mm. Ek. 285 people 2x1 - 210 mm/44, 6x1 - 152 mm/44, 10x1 - 57 mm, 2x1 - 37 mm, 2x1 457 mm TA (underwater).

Armadillos of the "Agape" type became a repetition of the extremely successful, in the opinion of the Swedes themselves, of the "Dristigheten" type, built in 1898 - 1901. The main differences were the placement of 152 mm guns (in turrets instead of casemates) and some changes in armor. The 175 mm Krupp belt along the waterline extended to a length of 50.4 m. Although the thickness compared to the prototype ("Dristigheten") was reduced by an inch (from 200 to 175 mm), due to this it was possible to increase the height of the belt from 1.48 to 1 .78 m (that is, per 1 foot).

"Tapperheten" turned out to be the fastest of the four, exceeding the contract speed by more than a knot (17.7 knots versus 16.5 knots).

The construction of the first three ships of the series was approved by the country's parliament in 1899 (the order was issued on October 12, 1899), the fourth - "Manligheten" - in 1901. It differed from its counterparts in much more comfortable living conditions. Due to the installation of additional equipment (refrigerator, more developed ventilation system), the displacement increased slightly.

In 1906 - 1910 all four ships underwent a limited modernization, during which they were equipped with a tripod foremast with a main battery fire control post.

"Tapperheten" ran aground in January 1914, salvage work continued until July and cost almost a third of its original cost.

"Wasa" was put into reserve in 1924, "Tapperheten" - in 1927 and "Agap" - in 1933.

In the mid-1930s. "Manligheten", the only one of the four, underwent a limited modernization, during which two of the eight PCs were converted from coal to oil heating.

In September 1939, in connection with the outbreak of World War II, it was decided to re-commission Agap and Tapperheten. "Wasa", which stood in reserve for the longest time practically without a crew and was therefore in a deplorable state, was decided to be used as a floating battery in Malmö, but this idea was soon abandoned, the ship was excluded from the lists of the fleet and for some time was used as a stand for the preparation of ship repairs parties. In 1942, he was “made up” to look like the battleship Drottning Victoria. It is curious that the practical Swedes used the armor belt removed from the battleship in the manufacture of armor for two light cruisers of the Tre Kronor type that were under construction.

With regard to Agap and Tapperheten, the Swedish Admiralty's plans provided for their return to the fleet as full-fledged warships. An examination of the hulls showed that they were in excellent condition, which could not be said about the various ship systems. This was especially true for the Agap - during testing, the anchor chain broke on it; the steam boilers could not withstand the shocks that occurred when firing their own guns. Work to put the ships in order continued until the end of 1939 - beginning of 1940.

Simultaneously with the repair work on the vehicle and ship systems, Agap and Tapperheten were equipped with modern anti-aircraft artillery. At the same time, all the old 57-mm guns, as well as underwater TAs, were removed. In place of the cut mainmast on the Agap, they equipped a platform on which 4x1 57-mm anti-aircraft guns were placed. On the "Tapperheten" the mainmast was also cut off, but only two 57-mm guns were placed in the free space - the remaining two were moved to the bow, along the edges of the first chimney. On both battleships, one 25-mm machine gun was installed on the roofs of the main battery towers.

A year later, the Agap air defense was strengthened again, adding 2 x 40 mm Bofors and 2 x 2 8 mm machine guns. Around the same time or a little later, the bow superstructure of the ship, together with the foremast, was moved towards the stern by several meters. At the same time, the platform with 57 mm guns was lowered to one tier.

In the autumn of 1939, "Manligheten" was damaged by the explosion of a German mine defender, killing six people. Despite this, the ship remained in service for almost a year, and only at the end of 1940 did it undergo repairs combined with modernization. The battleship received a new main battery fire control system, and the 210-mm guns were overhauled at the Bofors plant. Like “Tapperheten” and “Agap”, “Manligheten” had the mainmast removed and air defense strengthened by mounting 4x1 57 mm guns and four 40 mm and two 25 mm machine guns. The bow superstructure acquired a more modern shape, like on the Agap; it was moved several meters aft.

Old PCs were replaced with new ones, and canopies appeared on chimneys.

Since the bow, damaged during an explosion in 1939, still required serious repairs, this work was combined with lengthening the hull to improve seaworthiness. Now a new, gracefully curved stem rose upward from the extreme point of the ram, and the camber of the frames in the forecastle area was increased. The length along the waterline increased to 90.2 m.

"Agap" has been used as a floating barracks since 1942. After the exclusion of Agap and Tapperheten from the fleet lists in 1947, the hull of the former served as a barge for a long time. Sank on November 1, 1968 while being towed for scrapping. "Manligheten" was removed from the lists of the fleet in 1950 and sold for scrap that same year.

Cruisers

Cruisers of the "Tre Kronor" type - 0 + 2 units

"Gota Lejon" EvG 27.9.1943 17.11.1945 12.1947 Sold to Chile in 1971

"Tre Kroner" GvS 27.9.1943 16.12.1944 10.1947 Expelled in 1964

7650/9238 t; 180.2 x 16.7 x 5.7 m; 2 TZA, 4 PCs, 90,000 hp, 33 knots, 4350 (14) miles. Reservations: belt 70 + 20 mm, deck 30 + 30 mm, towers 50 -125 mm, deckhouse 20 mm. Ek. 783 people 1 x 3 and 2 x 2 - 152 mm/53.10x2 - 40 mm/60, 9 - 20 mm, 2x3 - 533 mm TA, 120 min, 4 BS.

Until the end of the 1930s. Coastal defense battleships were considered the backbone of the Swedish fleet, but the experience of the first months of World War II led to a revision of their role in the structure of Swedish defense policy. The construction of two improved ships of the "Sverige" class with 254 mm guns, provided for by the fleet development program, was abandoned in favor of two light cruisers. The new ships were to become the flagships of two formations, consisting of four EMs and four large MMs each - it was on them that, under the new conditions, the defense of the Swedish coast from a hypothetical invasion fleet was entrusted.

The cruisers were supposed to be armed with 152-mm guns, originally ordered by Holland for the Eendracht-class cruisers under construction. After the occupation of Holland by German troops in May 1940, the guns manufactured at the Bofors company turned out to be ownerless.

The Maritime Council decided to place the design task in Italy, with which Sweden already had extensive experience of cooperation. In 1940 - 1941 The company "Cantieri Riuniti della Adriatico" prepared a project for a new cruiser based on the drawings of the cruisers "Taksin" and "Naresuan" being built for the Thai fleet. Due to the increase in displacement from 5,000 to 7,000 tons, the armor was strengthened and the power of the power plant was more than doubled (from 40,000 to 100,000 hp). In the early stages of design, it was planned to place all the main battery artillery in three-gun turrets, but this led to a further increase in displacement, and in the final version, only the bow turret remained three-gun, and the stern ones, as on the prototype, were two-gun.

Documentation arrived in Sweden in 1941, but construction began only two years later - the delay was caused by many changes made at the request of the Maritime Council. The order for the construction of "Tre Kronor" was issued on 5/2/1943, and for "Gota Lejon" - on February 12. Until the end of the war, the ships never entered service, and there was no longer any need for haste - the German invasion was becoming less and less realistic, and Sweden received certain guarantees from the Soviet Union.

Vertical armor along the waterline consisted of a 70 mm belt. Adjoining its upper and lower edges were two flat armored decks 30 mm thick; in addition, over vital areas there was additional armor 20 - 50 mm thick. The upper deck was made of 20 mm steel, which served as additional protection.

"Gota Lejon" was sold to Chile in 1971 and renamed "Almirante Latorre", scrapped in 1985. "Tre Kronor" was removed from the list of the fleet in January 1961, scrapped in 1970.

Aircraft carrier "Gotland" - 1 unit

"Gotland" GvS 1930 14.9.1933 12.1934 Deleted in 1960

4750/5550 t; 130 (vp)/134.8 x 15.4 x 4.5 m; 2 TZA, 4 PCs, 33,000 hp, 27.5 knots, 800 tons of oil, 4000 (12) miles. Reservations: belt 15 - 24 mm, deck 25 mm, turrets 25 mm, deckhouse 19 mm. Ek. 467 - 480 people 2 x 2 and 2 x 1 - 152 mm/55, 1 x 2 and 2 x 1 - 76 mm/60, 1 x 2 and 4 x 1 - 25 mm, 2x3 - 533 mm TA, 100 min, 6 seaplanes and 1 catapult.

The leadership of the Swedish Navy came to the idea of ​​​​creating a specialized aircraft-carrying ship after conducting naval maneuvers in 1925. The first step in this direction was the conversion of the old coastal defense battleship "Dristigheten" into an air transport. At the same time, the design of an aircraft-carrying cruiser began, according to the first studies - a 4,500-ton ship with 27 knots. moving, armed with six 152-mm single-gun installations and carrying 12 seaplanes, for the storage of which a hangar was provided. In January 1927, the requirements of the Maritime Council changed somewhat towards the “universalization” of the new ship - now 152 mm guns had to be placed in two-gun turrets, air defense systems had to be strengthened and a place had to be found for 2x3 533 mm TA. To compensate for the new requirements, it was allowed to abandon the hangar and store the aircraft openly on the deck. Changes were made to the project, after which the displacement increased to 4800 tons.

The order for the construction of "Gotland" was issued on June 7, 1930.

The universal purpose of the ship left its mark on its appearance: the aft third of the hull was allocated for aviation weapons - a platform for storing seaplanes raised above the upper deck, a rotating catapult (initially it was planned to install two, but ultimately limited to one) and a crane for lifting vehicles from the water . The crane was located in the very stern, and the catapult was located closer to the middle part of the hull, directly behind the aft main battery turret. To transport aircraft from the crane to the catapult, special rail tracks were laid along the platform. The staff of the air group for the project consisted of 12 units, but by the time the cruiser was ready, it was reduced to eight, and in fact there were never more than six on board.

Under the hanging aircraft platform, rails ran along the upper deck, on which, depending on the type, there could be up to 100 mines.

Artillery and torpedo weapons were concentrated in the middle part of the hull. The number of two-gun 152-mm turret installations, compared to the original project, was reduced from three to two - mainly for financial reasons, since in this case the length of the hull and, as a consequence, its price increased. To maintain the total number of main gun barrels, the Gotland returned to the archaic casemate artillery arrangement - the 152-mm guns from the liquidated third turret were moved to casemates equipped on the sides of the bow superstructure. These guns had half the elevation angle compared to turret guns (30° versus 60°), and, naturally, a shorter firing range.

In the middle part of the body there were also three-pipe TAs (in the area of ​​the second chimney).

The "Gotland" power plant was, as far as possible, unified with that adopted on the "Goteborg" type power plant; the main difference was the number of PCs increased to four and, accordingly, greater steam production. The MO and CO were located in echelon, and due to the aft 152-mm turret being strongly shifted to the bow (which had to be done to more conveniently place the aircraft equipment), its magazines were sandwiched between CO No. 2 and MO No. 2. The consequence was an extremely large difference in the length of the shaft lines on the right and left sides.

The limited size of "Gotland" and the extensive range of weapons did not allow the ship to be provided with any serious armor; I had to limit myself to anti-fragmentation - the thickness of the armor did not exceed 25 mm anywhere.

In 1937 - 1938 On the roof of the main battery's bow turret they equipped a platform with a twin 25-mm machine gun.

By 1943, the Hawker Osprey seaplanes, delivered back in 1934 - 1935, had lost all combat value. Any replacement would require significant modifications to the catapult and other aircraft equipment due to the increased weight of the new seaplanes. Taking this into account, as well as the increased capabilities of coastal aviation from "Gotland", it was decided to dismantle all aircraft weapons, while simultaneously strengthening its air defense. To do this, four twin 40-mm Bofors and two twin 20-mm machine guns were placed in the vacant rear part of the hull. Modernization ended in April 1944.

The most notable event associated with "Gotland" during the war was its discovery in May 1941 of a German ship entering the Atlantic. LC "Bismarck". This message, transmitted by a Swedish cruiser, marked the beginning of one of the most dramatic operations at sea - the hunt for the Bismarck.

Excluded from the fleet lists on 1/7/1960 and sold for scrap on 1/5/1963.

Training cruiser "Fylgia" - 1 unit

"Fylgia" FS 10.1903 12/21/1905 6.1907 Deleted in 1953

4240/4980 t; 117.3x14.8x6.1 m; 2 PMU, 4 PCs, 12,000 hp, 22.8 kts, 5770 (10) miles. Reservation: belt 100 mm, deck 22 - 35 mm (on slopes - 50 mm), towers 50 - 125 mm, deckhouse 100 mm. Crew 322 people. 4x2 - 152mm/50, 4x1 - 57mm, 2x2 - 40mm/60 zen, 1 x2 - 25mm zen, 1 x1 -20mm zen, 2 x 1 - 533mm TA, 2 BS.

"Fylgia" became the first full-fledged cruiser of the Swedish fleet. According to the plans of the leadership, this ship was supposed to serve as a scout for the main forces, as well as lead a flotilla of destroyers when launching a torpedo attack. When creating "Fylgia", Swedish designers did not take the path of borrowing foreign experience, as was the case with destroyers and destroyers, but prepared their own project, quite original for its time. Its main feature was the location of all main battery artillery in two-gun turrets and the presence of an armor belt in the area of ​​boiler rooms and engine rooms. The latter circumstance turned Fylgia into the world's smallest armored cruiser.

The construction order was issued on 10/14/1902.

In general, the Swedes themselves assessed the ship as successful, despite the mediocre 21.5 kts. speed (in tests I was able to develop 22.8 knots at 12,440 hp)

In 1939, the cruiser underwent a large-scale reconstruction at the Oskarshamn shipyard, during which it was rebuilt into a training ship. Eight coal-fired steam generators were replaced by four oil-fired steam generators with slightly higher total steam output, which made it possible to increase power by 1000 hp. -up to 13,000 hp The bow boiler compartment was eliminated, and the freed-up space was used to accommodate cadets. The bow chimney was removed, and the height of the remaining two was reduced and equipped with small caps. The old superstructure was dismantled and replaced with a compact one similar to the Goteborg EM.

In addition, the nasal tip was enlarged, which as a result lost its talar shape. The greatest length increased from 115.5 to 117.3 m.

The main battery artillery remained unchanged, all the old 57-mm mine protection was removed, and its casemates were sealed. On the upper deck, in the area of ​​the bow and stern superstructures, platforms were equipped for four 57-mm anti-aircraft guns, on the aft superstructure - for two twin 40-mm Bofors (according to some information, the 57-mm guns were also subsequently replaced by 40-mm machine guns) . A platform with a twin 25-mm machine gun was mounted on the roof of the bow turret of the main battery, and a single 20-mm machine gun was installed in the quarterdeck area. Instead of the removed underwater 457-mm tubes, two rotating 533-mm tubes were placed on the side of the upper deck.

The cruiser was excluded from the lists of the fleet on January 1, 1953, was used for some time when testing various types of weapons, and was scrapped in 1957.

Layer cruiser "Alvsnabben" - 1 unit

"Alvsnabben" EvG n.a. 19.1.1943 4.1943 Expelled in 1982

4207 (std.) t; 98.8 (vl)/102x13.6x5.8 m; 1 diesel, 3000 hp, 14 knots, 12,400 (13) miles. Ek. 255 people 4x1 - 152 mm/44, 4x2 - 40 mm/60, 6x1 - 20 mm, mines, 4 BS.

Laid down as a civilian motor ship, purchased by the fleet after it was laid down and completed as a minelayer. Officially, she was listed as a minelayer cruiser.

Delisted in 1982, scrapped in 1984.

Layer cruiser "Clas Fleming" - 1 unit

"Clas Fleming" FS 191114.12.1912 5.1914 Deleted in 1959

1640/1850 t; 86 x 10.4 x4.3 m; 2 GGU, 2 PC, 7200 hp, 20.3 kt. Reservation: deck 25 mm, deckhouse 75 mm. Ek. 160 people 4x1 - 120 mm/45, 3x1 - 40 mm/60, 3 - 25 mm, about 200 min, 2 BS.

The original ship, officially listed as a minelayer cruiser. Despite its small size, it had pronounced cruising features - an armored deck, a turbine power plant and high speed. The main drawback of the project was the excessively cramped boiler rooms under the armored deck, which made it difficult for the engine crew to work. In 1939 - 1940 radically rebuilt - the body was lengthened by 5 m, Parsons steam turbines were replaced by experimental power plants from the Getaverken company (essentially the world's first gas turbines), consisting of two De Laval turbogear units, two Yarrow PCs and four diesel engines used as gas generators.

After the reconstruction, it had two widely spaced chimneys; soon a slightly smaller third chimney was added to them.

Excluded from the list of the fleet in 1959, sold for scrap on November 9, 1960.

Destroyers and torpedo boats

Destroyers "Uppland" - 0 + 2 units

"Uland" (KS, 1943/15.11.1946/1.1949 - deleted in 1978),

"Uppland" (K, 1943/12/15/1945/12/1947 - deleted in 1979)

1880/2250 t; 107/112x11.2x3.4 m; 2 TZA, 2 PCs, 44,000 hp, 35 knots, 300 tons of oil, 2500 (20) miles. Ek. 210 people 2x2 - 120 mm/45, 3x2 - 40 mm/60, 8x1 - 25 mm, 2x3 - 533 mm TA, 60 min.

After the construction of 14 ships of the "standard" type in the early 1940s. The Swedish naval leadership was faced with the question of choosing a new type of EM - the changing conditions of war at sea required the introduction of universal main battery artillery on ships and an increase in the number and caliber of anti-aircraft guns, which, in turn, led to an increase in displacement. The new project was ready in 1942. Compared to its predecessors, the displacement almost doubled - this made it possible to place two completely enclosed turrets equipped with two 120-mm universal semi-automatic guns with an elevation angle of 80°. The main battery guns were complemented by six 40 mm and eight 25 mm machine guns. For the first time, the superstructure and engine room received light anti-fragmentation armor. Thanks to the use of new, more advanced PCs, their number, with increased power by a third, was reduced to two. This made it possible to get by with one chimney and thus free up space on the upper deck. In general, the project turned out to be very successful, but the Swedes were somewhat late with the construction of the ships - the war was coming to an end, and for a neutral country there was no point in straining the shipyards with overtime work.

"Visby" class destroyers - 4 units

"Sundsvall" (EvG, 1942/20.10.1942/9.1943 - dropped in 1982),

"Visby" (GvS, 29.4.1942/16.10.1942/8.1943 - deleted in 1982),

"Halsingborg" (GvS, 1942/23.3.1943/11.1943 - deleted in 1982),

"Kalmar" (EvG 16.11.1942/20.7.1943/2.1944 - deleted in 1978)

1135/1320 t; 95/98x9x3.8 m; 2 TZA, 3 PCs, 32,000 hp, 39 kts, 170 tons of oil, 1600 (20) miles. Ek. 155 people 3x1 - 120 mm/46, 1 x 2 and 2 x 1 -40 mm, 4x1 - 20 mm, 2 x 3 - 533 mm TA, 20 min, 4 BS.

The last series of destroyers of the so-called "standard" type and the first in which truly noticeable changes were made to the design, compared to the "Ehrenskold" type. Gun No. 2, previously located between the chimneys, was moved to the aft superstructure. Anti-aircraft weapons were also noticeably strengthened, placing a powerful battery of 40-mm and 20-mm machine guns (four barrels of each caliber) on relatively small ships.

The order for the first two units was issued in 1941, in accordance with the usual practice of building ships in pairs. After the death of "Klas Uggla" and "Klas Horn" in September 1941, an order was issued for the construction of two more EMs to replace them.

Destroyers of the "Goteborg" type - 6 units

"Goteborg" (GvS, 1934/14.10.1935/10.1936 - excluded in 1958), "Stockholm" (K, 1934/24.3.1936/11.1937 - excluded in 1964), "Karlskrona" (K, 1937/19.6.1939/ 9.1940 - excluded in 1974), "Malmo" (EvG, 1937/22.8.1938/8.1939 - excluded in 1967), "Norrkoping" (EvG, 1939/5.8.1940/4.1941 - excluded in 1965), "Gavle" (GvS , 1939/25.8.1940/6.1941 - excluded in 1968)

1024/1184 t; 93/94.6x9x3.8 m; 2 TZA, 3 PCs, 32,000 hp, 39 knots, 150 tons of oil, 1200 (20) miles. Ek. 155 people 3x1 - 120 mm/46, 3x2 - 25 mm, 2 bullets, 2x3 - 533 mm TA, 20 min, 4 BS.

Development of the "Klas Horn" type, construction orders issued in 1933 ("Goteborg" and "Stockholm"), 1936 ("Karlskrona" and "Malmo") and 1939 ("Norrkoping" and "Gavle") . They differed from their predecessors by a slightly greater power of the power plant and a slightly increased body length. The bow superstructure acquired large dimensions and was crowned with a new control tower. Anti-aircraft weapons initially consisted of 25 mm machine guns - 2 x 2 on Goteborg and Stockholm and 3 x 2 on the others.

All the ships in the series turned out to be excellent sailors. The best result was shown by "Malmo" - during testing it was able to reach 42 kts. speed, and this is at full displacement!

"Goteborg" died on September 17, 1941 at the Haarsfärden base near Stockholm when the nearby EM "Klas Uggla" exploded. Goteborg was subsequently raised and repaired, after which she entered service in September 1943.

Destroyers of the "Klas Horn" type - 2 units

"Klas Horn" (KS, 1929/13.6.1931/9.1932 - deleted in 1958),

"Klas Uggla" (GvS, 1929/18.6.1931/8.1932 - died 17.9.1941)

1004/about 1190 t; 91/92.4x8.9x3.7 m; 2 TZA, 3 PCs, 26,000 hp, 37 knots, 170 tons of oil, 1600 (20) miles. Ek. 119 people 3 x 1 - 120 mm/46, 2x2 - 25 mm, 2x3 - 533 mm TA, 20 min, 4 BS.

Development of the "Ehrenskold" type, the order for construction was issued in 1928. They were distinguished by a slightly higher power plant, a slightly increased length of the hull and the TA of the new model. Like their predecessors, they initially carried two 40-mm Vickers machine guns, which were soon replaced by the same number of Bofors. In 1940, the latter, in turn, were removed from the ships, and in their place 2x2 25-mm machine guns appeared.

Both ships were lost on September 17, 1941 at the Haarsfärden base near Stockholm as a result of an explosion on the Klas Uggla and subsequent fire. "Klas Horn" was subsequently raised and, after repairs, recommissioned in December 1943. During the repair, the stern rangefinder was removed from the ship, and a third twin 25-mm machine gun was placed in its place. "Klas Horn" was removed from the lists of the fleet in 1958.

Destroyers of the "Ehrenskold" type - 2 units

"Ehrenskold" (KS, 1924/25.9.1926/9.1927 - deleted in 1963),

"Nordenskjold" (GvS, 1924/19.6.1926/9.1927 - deleted in 1963)

974/about 1160 t; 89/91.4x8.8x3.8 m; 2 TZA, 3 PCs, 24,000 hp, 36 knots, 170 tons of oil, 1600 (20) miles. Ek. 119 people 3x1 - 120 mm/46, 2x2 - 25 mm, 2 bullets, 2x3 - 533 mm TA, 20 min, 4 BS.

Having built only two of the four planned Wrangel-class EMs, the leadership of the Swedish Navy canceled the order for the second pair, tasking the designers with creating a new project that meets modern requirements. The design was carried out from 1919 to 1924 and was crowned with complete success - for the first time the Swedish fleet received a competitive destroyer (all previous projects repeated foreign designs and became obsolete on the drawing board), not inferior, and in some ways superior to its Baltic contemporaries - at the time of entry When commissioned, only two French-built Polish destroyers could compete with the "Ehrenskold" and "Nordenskjold", and even then mainly on paper, since the Swedish ships were armed with a much faster-firing cannon, and were also distinguished by excellent seaworthiness, not inferior even to recognized leaders in this area - to the British. Perhaps, the project had only two flaws - the unfortunate location of the main battery gun No. 2, sandwiched between chimneys and having limited firing angles, and the English Vickers 40-mm anti-aircraft guns, which were characterized by low reliability and low fire performance. In the mid-1930s. both Vickers were replaced with new Bofors of the same caliber.

In general, the "Ehrenskold" type was rated very highly in the Swedish fleet and served as the basis for the construction, over the course of a decade and a half, of a whole family of so-called "standard" EMs of 14 ships - a huge series for Sweden.

In 1939, "Ehrenskold" and "Nordenskjold" underwent repairs, during which new PCs were installed and the bow superstructure was redesigned, at the same time the 40-mm Bofors were replaced with 2x2 25-mm machine guns.

"Puke" class destroyers - 2 units

"Psilander" (b . "Giovanni Nicotera", PN, 1925/24.6.1926/1.1927(3.1940) - expelled in 1947),

"Puke" (b) . "Bettino Ricasoli", PN, 1925/29.1.1926/ 10.1926(3.1940) - expelled in 1947)

1140/1480 t; 82.5/84.9x8.6x3.6 m; 2 TZA, 3 PCs, 36,000 hp, 35 knots, 259 tons of oil, 1800 (14) miles. Ek. 125 people 2x2 - 120 mm/45, 2x1 - 40 mm/39, 2x2 - 13 mm, 2x2 - 533 mm TA, 32 mines, 2 BM.

Former Italian "Sella" type EMs, purchased by Sweden on 3/27/1940. Already on April 18, the ships left Naples, but the progress was very slow, and by the time Italy entered the war they were still in the Faroe Islands. The British immediately captured the destroyers and for two months there were diplomatic agreements between Italy, Sweden and England, after which the Swedes finally received the purchased ships.

In the Swedish fleet, these EVs were not modernized; only the 40-mm machine guns were replaced with Bofors guns of the same caliber.

Escort destroyers of the "Mode" type - 4 units

"Magne" (GvS, 9.1941/25.4.1942/11.1942 - deleted in 1966),

"Mjolner" (EvG, 9.1941 /9.4.1942/12.1942 - deleted in 1966),

"Mode" (GvS, 9.1941/11.4.1942/11.1942 - deleted in 1970),

"Munin" (O, 9.1941/27.5.1942/1.1943 - deleted in 1968)

750/960 t; 78x8.1x2.3 m; 2 TZA, 2 PCs, 16,000 hp, 31 knots, 190 tons of oil, 1200 (20) miles. Ek. 100 people 3x1 - 105 mm/41; 1 x 2 - 40 mm/60, 2x1 - 20.1 x 3 - 533 mm TA, 42 mines, 2 BM.

The project was developed on the basis of the mm "Spica" type purchased in March 1940 in Italy. The changes consisted mainly of replacing Italian equipment and weapons with domestic ones, as well as a slight increase in the width of the hull to improve seaworthiness.

Destroyers of the "Spica" type - 2 units

"Remus" (b. "Astore", BS, 1933/ 22.4.1934/1935 (3.1940) - excluded in 1958),

"Romulus" (b. "Spica", BS, 1933/11.3.1934/5.1935(3.1940) - deleted in 1958)

780/995 t; 78/80.4x7.9x3.2 m; 2 TZA, 2 PCs, 19,000 hp, 34 kts, 207 tons of oil, 1900 (15) miles. Ek. 94 people 3 x 1 - 100 mm/47, 4x2 - 13.2 mm, 2x2 - 450 mm TA, 20 min, 2 BM.

Former Italian MM "Spica" class, purchased by Sweden 27.3.1940. After their belated arrival in Sweden (see "Puke" type), they were extensively tested and made a good impression on the Swedish naval authorities. Served as a prototype for the development of the "Mode" type.

Wrangel-class destroyers - 2 units

"Wachtmeister" (LS, 1916/19.12.1917/10.1918 - excluded in 1947), "Wrangel" (LS, 1916/24.9.1917/5.1918 - excluded in 1947)

460/about 570 t; 70.9x6.7x2.8 m; 2 TZA, 4 PCs, 11,500 hp, 34 knots, 104 tons of oil, 1300 (18) miles. Ek. 81 people 4x1- 75 mm/53, 1x1- 25 mm, 2 bullets, 2x2 - 457 mm TA, 2 BS.

Destroyers of the "Wrangei" type completed the development line of the Swedish "30-knot fighters", originating from the "Wale". Unlike the ships of previous series, they received a forecastle, which significantly increased seaworthiness, and their steam turbines were equipped with reduction gearboxes - a first in the Swedish fleet. The armament was the same as its predecessors, only two single-tube TAs were installed under the forecastle, firing through cutouts in the sides, covered with folding shields.

It was planned to build a series of four ships, but the order for a second pair of obsolete destroyers was abandoned.

In the mid-1920s. both ships underwent limited modernization - the boilers were converted from coal to oil. At the end of the 1930s. The TAs that turned out to be impractical were dismantled from under the forecastle, and the cutouts for them in the sides were sealed. At the same time, 1 x 1 25-mm machine gun was installed on the destroyers.

During the war, the number of 25-mm machine guns increased to four.

"Wale" class destroyers - 6 units

"Munin" (KS, n.d./5.12.1911/1.1913 - deleted in 1940),

"Hugin" (GvS, n.d./12/10/1910/6.1911 - deleted in 1947),

"Vidar" (KS, n.d./6.9.1909/4.1910 - excluded in 1947),

"Ragnar" (KS, n.d./ZO.5.1908/1.1909 - deleted in 1947),

"Sigurd" (LS, n.d./19.9.1908/4.1909 - deleted in 1947),

"Wale" (KS, N.D./21.9.1907/4.1908 - deleted in 1940)

355/460 t; 66.1 - 66.3x6.3 - 6.5x2.6 - 2.8 m; 2 PMU, 4 PCs, 7200 hp. (2 PTUs, 4 PCs, 10,000 hp on "Hugin" and "Munin"), 31 - 33 knots, 84 tons of coal, 1200 (16) miles on "Hugin" and "Munin", 1500 (16 ) miles - the rest. Ek. 69 people 2 ("Wale") or 3 (others) x 1 - 75 mm/53, 4 x 1 - 57 mm/55 ("Wale" only), 2 bullets, 2x2 - 457 mm TA, 2 BS ( on all except "Wale").

The "Wale" type EM project was an almost exact copy of the "Magne" fighter, built in 1905 for the Swedish fleet at the English shipyard "Torneycroft". The only difference from the prototype was the more powerful armament of two 75 mm and four 57 mm (instead of six 57 mm) guns. A total of six units were built, of which the last pair - "Hugin" and "Munin" - were equipped with steam turbines, and the number of 75 mm guns, due to the removal of 57 mm, increased to four. During testing, "Munin" reached a speed of 33.16 knots. at 10,330 hp

Initially, all had single-tube torpedo tubes, but in 1916 they were replaced with double-tube ones. Around the same time, the 57 mm guns with "Vidar", "Ragnar" and "Sigurd" were replaced by an additional pair of 75 mm - like "Hugin" and "Munin".

In 1940, from all EMs of this type, except for the lead "Wale", one of the 75-mm guns was replaced with two 25-mm machine guns, in addition, the ships were equipped with two BS.

Submarines

U-1 type submarines - 9 units

U-1 (KS, 1940/14.6.1941/5.1942 - deleted in 1960),

U -2 (K, 1940/16.5.1942/3.1943 - excluded in 1961),

U -3 (K, 1940/11.6.1942/11.1943 - excluded in 1964),

U-4 (KS, 1943/5.6.1943/4.1944 - deleted in 1970),

U-5 (KS, 1943/8.7.1943/6.1944 - excluded in 1976),

U-6 (KS, 1943/18.8.1943/7.1944 - excluded in 1974),

U-7 (KS, 1943/23.11.1943/9.1943 - excluded in 1973),

U -8 (K, 1943/25.4.1944/10.1944 - excluded in 1976),

U -9 (K, 1943/23.5.1944/11.1944 - excluded in 1976)

Surface - 367 (std.) t, submerged - 450 t; 49.6x4.7x3.8 m; 1 diesel generator/2 electric motor, 1350/n.d. hp, 13.8/7.5 kt. Ek. 23 people 4 x 1 (3 bow and 1 stern) - 533 mm TA, 1 x 1 - 20 mm.

Submarines of reduced displacement compared to their predecessors. The decision to build them was made immediately after the outbreak of World War II. Primarily intended for the defense of the coast in the event of a landing by one of the warring parties. The design is simplified as much as possible to speed up and reduce the cost of construction. The only Swedish single-hull submarines (the rest had a double-hull design). Another difference between these submarines was the so-called “American” transmission scheme - the diesel engine worked on a generator, which, in turn, either charged the battery or supplied current to two propeller motors.

Underwater minelayers of the "Najad" type - 3 units

"Nacken" (KS, 1942/26.9.1942/8.1943 - deleted in 1963),

"Najad" (KS, 1942/26.9.1942/7.1943 - deleted in 1963),

"Neptune" (KS, 1942/11/17/1942/8/1943 - deleted in 1963)

Surface - 550 (std.) t, submerged - 730 t; 62.6x6.4x3.4 m; 2 diesel/2 motor, 1800/1000 hp, 15/10 kt. Ek. 38 people 5x1- 533 mm TA, 1 x 1 - 40 mm/56.1x1- 20 mm, 20 min.

Underwater minelayers created using design solutions used in the design of submarines of the "Sjolejonet" and "Delfinen" types. The Norman-Funeau system was used for storing and laying mines.

Submarines of the "Sjolejonet" type - 9 units

"Sjolejonet" (KS, 1935/25.7.1936/9.1938 - deleted in 1959),

"Sjobjornen" (KS, 1936/01/15/1937/3.1939 - deleted in 1964),

"Sjohunden" (KS, 1937/26.11.1938/12.1939 - deleted in 1960),

"Svardfisken" (KS, 1939/18.5.1940/4.1941 - deleted in 1959),

"Tumlaren" (KS, 1940/7.9.1940/7.1941 - deleted in 1964),

"Dykaren" (KS, 1940/7.12.1940/10.1941 - deleted in 1959),

"Sjohasten" (KS, 1940/19.10.1940/7.1941 - deleted in 1963),

"Sjoormen" (KS, 1940/5.4.1941/12.1941 - excluded in 1964),

"Sjoborren" (KS, 1941/14.6.1941/5.1942 - excluded in 1959)

Surface - 580 (std.) t, submerged - 760 t; 64.2x6.4x3.4 m; 2 diesel/2 motor, 2100/1000 hp, 16.2/10 kt. Ek. 38 people 5x1 and 1x2 (3 bow, 2 stern and 1 twin rotary) - 533 mm TA, 2 x 1 - 40 mm/56.

The first submarines of the Swedish fleet were completely of their own design (when creating several previous types, technical assistance from the German company "Weser" was used). At the same time, the project of the "Sjolejonet" type submarine had two design solutions, the appearance of which can only be explained by foreign influence. We are talking, firstly, about a stern rotary twin TA with a power drive - such devices were widespread in the French fleet in the 1930s; secondly - about 40-mm anti-aircraft guns, retracted in a submerged position to reduce resistance in special sealed shafts. Stowing guns under the upper deck was used on boats from different countries back during the First World War, but in this case the design was almost exactly the same as that used on the gall. Submarine type O-12.

"Svardfisken" 18.1.1942 was seriously damaged in a collision with the coastal defense battleship "Sverige" and returned to service after repairs only in 1949.

"Sjoborren" sank as a result of a collision on September 4, 1942, but was soon raised and, after repairs, put back into service.

Draken class submarines - 3 units

"Draken" (K, 1925/20.10.1926/2.1929 - deleted in 1948),

"Gripen" (K, 1926/21.8.1928/3.1929 - deleted in 1947),

"Ulven" (K, 1928/ 6.3.1930/2.1931 - died 16.4.1943)

Surface - 667 (full) tons, submerged - 850 tons; 66.2x6.4x3.3 m; 2 diesel/2 ED, 1920/1000 hp, 13.8/8.3 knots, 5600 (10) miles. Ek. 35 people 4 x 1 (2 bow and 2 stern) - 533 mm TA, 1 x 1 - 105 mm/41, 1 x 1 - 25 mm.

Enlarged version of the "Bavern" type submarine. These submarines switched to a new 533-mm torpedo caliber. In contrast to the international practice that developed in the interwar years of arming submarines with artillery of the largest possible caliber, Sweden was limited to installing guns with a caliber of no more than 75 mm on its submarines. The only exception to this rule was the Draken-class boats, which carried 105-mm guns that were quite heavy for their displacement. Dive depth - 60 m. "Ulven" died in a German minefield on April 16, 1943.

Underwater minelayers of the "Delfinen" type - 3 units

"Delfinen" (KS, 1933/20.12.1934/4.1936 - deleted in 1953),

"Nordkaparen" (KS, 1933/9.2.1935/10.1936 - deleted in 1953),

"Springaren" (KS, 1933/27.4.1935/8.1937 - dropped in 1953)

Surface - 540 (full) tons, submerged - 720 tons; 63.1x6.4x3.4 m; 2 diesel/2 motor, 1200/800 hp, 15/9 knots Ek. 34 people 4 x 1 (3 bow and 1 stern) - 533 mm TA, 1 x 1 - 57 mm, 1 x 1 - 25 mm, 20 min.

Underwater minelayers created using design solutions used in the design of submarines of the "Draken" and "Valen" types. The Norman-Funeau system was used for storing and laying mines.

Underwater minelayer "Valen" - 1 unit

"Valen" (K, 1923/5.5.1925/9.1925 - deleted in 1944)

Surface - 501/548 tons, underwater - 730 tons; 57.1x7.7x3.1 m; 2 diesel/2 motor, 1340/700 hp, 14.8/7.4 knots, 3000 (15)/54 (6) miles. Ek. 31 people 4 x 1 (bow) - 457 mm TA, 1 x 1 - 75 mm/43, 1 x 1 - 25 mm, 20 min.

The first underwater minelayer of the Swedish fleet. The project was compiled on the basis of drawings of the "Bavern" type submarine. For storing and laying mines, the French Norman-Funeau system was used, consisting of 10 vertical shafts, each of which contained two mines. The mines themselves were located in external ballast tanks between the strong and light hulls.

Excluded from the lists of the fleet on October 6, 1944.

Submarines of the "Bavern" type - 3 units

"Illern" (K, 1917/31.1.1918/6.1920 - died 12.8.1943),

"Uttern" (K, 1917/16.4.1918/6.1920 - deleted in 1943),

"Bavern" (KS, n.d./5.3.1921/6.1921 - deleted in 1944)

Surface - 429/472 tons, underwater - 640 tons; 57x5.7x3 m; 2 diesel/2 ED, 2000/700 hp, 15.2/8.2 knots, 3000 (15)/54 (6) miles. Ek. 28 people 4 x 1 (bow) - 457 mm TA, 1x1 - 57 mm.

An improved "Hajen" type, in which, due to slightly increased dimensions, the fuel supply and cruising range on the surface have been increased. By the beginning of World War II they were outdated.

"Illern" was killed on 8/12/1943 as a result of a collision in the Kalmar Strait, raised on 9/1/1943, but was not commissioned and scrapped in 1944. "Bavern" and "Uttern" were excluded from the fleet lists on 10/6/1944 and 3/19/1943 respectively.

Submarines of the "Hajen" type - 3 units

"Hajen" (KS, 1917/8.11.1917/5.1920 - deleted in 1943),

"Salen" (KS, 1917/31.1.1918/6.1920 - deleted in 1942),

"Valrossen" (KS, 1917/16.4.1918/8.1920 - deleted in 1943)

Surface - 392/422 tons, underwater - 600 tons; 54x5.2x3.5 m; 2 diesel/2 ED, 2000/700 hp, 15.5/9 kt. 3300 (10)/54 (6) miles. Ek. 30 people 4 x 1 (bow) - 457 mm TA, 1x1 - 57 mm.

The oldest Swedish boats from the Second World War. An enlarged version of the submarine "Svardfisken", built at the same shipyard somewhat earlier according to a design by the company "Fiat-Laurenti".

In the early 1930s. the previously installed 75-mm gun was replaced with a 57-mm anti-aircraft gun. "Salen" was excluded from the lists of the fleet on 7/24/1942, "Valrossen" and "Hajen" - 3/19/1943

Minesweepers

Minesweepers of the "Arholma" type - 14 units

"Arholma" (K, 1936/27.4.1937/4.1939 - deleted in 1960),

"Landsort" (K, n.d./11/26/1937/6.1939 - excluded in 1964),

"Bremen" (EvG, n.d./18.6.1940/10.1940 - deleted in 1966),

"Holmon" (EvG, n.d./5.9.1940/12.1940 - deleted in 1964),

"Koster" (O, n.d.L 0.10.1940/12.1940 - deleted in 1964),

"Vinga" (GvS, n.d./7.10.1940/12.1940 - excluded in 1964),

"Ven" (GvS, N.D./7.10.1940/4.1941 - excluded in 1959),

"Ramskar" (LS, n.d./28.10.1940/4.1941 - deleted in 1966),

"Bredskar" (EvG, 1940/12/12/1940/4.1941 - deleted in 1966),

"Kullen" (O, n.d.729.10.1940/4.1941 - deleted in 1966),

"Sandon" (Os, n.d./15.8.1940/5.1941 - deleted in 1966),

"Gronskar" (FS, n.d./ 10.30.1940/5.1941 - excluded in 1963),

"Orskar" (LS, 27.4.1940/31.3.1941/7.1941 - excluded in 1966),

"Ulvon" (Os, 1940/29.4.1941/7.1941 - deleted in 1964)

365/442 t; 56.7x7.6x2.1 m; 2 TZA, 2 PCs, 3200 hp, 18 kts, 60 tons of oil. Ek. 37 people 2x1 - 105 mm/41, 2x1 - 25 mm ("Arholma" and "Landsort") or 2 - 40 mm/60 (rest), 2 BM, mines.

Universal mine-sweeping ships, the project was developed by the state-owned shipyard in Karlskrona (K), the order for the construction of the first two ships was issued in 1935. Initially, the installation of two 75-mm guns was envisaged, but the ships entered service with much more powerful 105-mm guns .

With the outbreak of World War II, the country's parliament allocated funds to strengthen the fleet. Under these allocations, 12 more minesweepers under the Arholma project were laid down at several shipyards at once - the only change was to strengthen the anti-aircraft weapons by replacing 25-mm machine guns with 40-mm Bofors.

Minesweepers of the "Sprangaren" type - 3 units

"Sokaren" (M, 16.8.1917 - died 3.10.1953),

"Sveparen" (M, 19.2.1918 - excluded in 1964),

"Sprangaren" (12.6.1918 - deleted in 1961).

185 t; 27.8x6.8x3 m; 1 PMU, 1 PC, 465 hp, 10 kts. Ek. 17 people 1 - 57 mm zen., 1 bullet., mines.

Built on the basis of a tugboat design. During their service they were used not only as minesweepers, but also tenders and tugs.

Raid minesweepers type M-1 - 2 units

M-1 (12.8.1937 - excluded in 1952),

M-2 (October 3, 1937 - deleted 1953)

61/64 t; 30x4.3x1 m; 3 diz. (M-2), 630 hp, 17 knots, 3 tons of diesel fuel. 11 people 1x1- 20 mm.

Raid minesweepers with steel hulls. Built at the Eriksbergs varv shipyard in Stockholm. Ordered in 1935, laid down in 1937, commissioned in 1938.

Raid minesweepers type M-3 - 12 units

M-3 - M-14 (launched in 1940 - excluded in 1955 - 1960)

50 (std.) t; 25x5.1x1.4 m; 2 diesel engines, 400 hp, 13 kts. 1 x 1 - 20 mm.

Raid minesweepers with mahogany hulls. A simplified version of the M-1 type, adapted for mass construction. They were built in small shipyards. They were laid down in 1939 - 1940, and went into operation in 1940 - 1941.

Raid minesweepers type M-15 - 12 units

M-15 - M-26 (launched in 1941 - excluded in 1965-1989)

70 (standard) t; 27.7x5x1.5 m; 2 diesel engines, 410 hp, 13 kts. 1 x 1 - 20 mm.

Raid minesweepers with wooden hulls. A simplified version of the M-1 type, adapted for mass construction. They were manufactured in a variety of small shipyards. Laid down in 1940 - 1941, entered service in 1941.

Torpedo boats

Type MTV-3: MTV-3 and MTV-4. Launched in 1925, 2 units.

12.5 t; 16.2x3.4x1.1 m; 2 petrol, 750 hp, 40 kt. Ek. 7 people 2x1 - 450 mm TA, 1 bullet.

Built in England at the Thornycroft shipyard, they were of the 55-foot type. Excluded from the lists of the fleet on August 1, 1940.

Type T-3: T-3 and T-4. Launched in 1940, 2 units.

20 (std.) t; 18.3x4.7x1.5 m; 2 petrol, 2300 hp, 40 kt. Ek. 8 people 2x1- 450 mm TA, 2 bullets.

Built by the English shipyard "Vosper", wooden hull.

Type T -11: T-11 (used MAS -506), T-12 (used MAS -508), T-13 (used MAS -511) and T-14 (used MAS -524). Launched in 1936, 4 units.

21.5 (std.) t; 17x4.4x1.3 m; 2 gasoline, 2000 hp, 44 kts, 1.25 tons of gasoline, 350 (39) miles. Ek. 10 people 2x1 -450 mm TA, 1 x 1 - 13 mm bullet, 6 GB.

Former Italian TKA type "Baglietto" class 500, series 1. Wooden body. Purchased by Sweden on 2/29/1940. Served as samples for two series of Swedish TKAs.

Type T-15: T-15 - T-18. Launched in 1941, 4 units.

22.5 (std.) t; 18.7x4.6x1.5 m; 2 petrol, 2300 hp, 45 kt. Ek. 11 people 2x1 - 450 mm TA, 1x1 - 20 mm.

Built at the Kockums shipyard, the project was prepared on the basis of TKA purchased from Italy (type T-11).

Type T-21: T-21 - T-31. Launched in 1942 - 1943, 11 units.

27 (std.) t; 20x5x1.5 m; 2 petrol, 3000 hp, 49 kt. Ek. 11 people 2x1 - 533 mm TA, 1x1 - 20 mm.

Built at the Kockums shipyard, an improved project of the T-15 type, but with heavier TA.

Note: TKA T-1 and T-2 ordered on the eve of the war in England at the British Pover Boat Co shipyard (60-foot type) were confiscated by the English government and included in the Royal Navy.

Other combat and auxiliary ships

Patrol ships of the "Jagaren" type - 4 units

"Jagaren" (K, 12/1/1932 - expelled in 1959),

"Karagep" (K, 3.3.1933 - excluded in 1959),

"Snapphanen" (K, 2.11.1934 - excluded in 1959),

"Vaktaren" (K, 25.4.1934 - excluded in 1959)

250/310 t; 52x6x2.8 m; 1 TZA, 2 PCs, 3600 hp, 23 knots, 50 tons of oil. Ek. 41 people 2 x 1 75 mm, 2 x 1 - 25 mm, 2 BM.

The only specially built patrol ships of the Swedish Navy. The starting point for the design was the Wrangel type EM, the dimensions of which were significantly reduced. The construction order was issued in 1927, they entered service in 1934 -1936.

Type V-27 patrol ships - 6 units

V -27 (K, 26.7.1898 - excluded in 1947),

V -30 (K, 24.4.1900 - excluded in 1947),

V -33 (K, 9.9.1902 - excluded in 1941),

V -34 (K, 26.4.1902 - excluded in 1943),

V-35 (FS, 09/05/1903 - excluded in 1947),

V-36 (FS, 12.9.1903 - excluded in 1942)

85/94 t, 39.8x4.8x2.8 m. 1 PM, 2 PCs, 1300 hp, 23 kts, 17 tons of coal. Ek. 18 people 2 - 37 mm.

Former destroyers built according to the German design by the Schichau company. Total in 1896 - 1904 12 units were built, of which six survived until World War II. In 1921, they were reclassified as patrol ships, and the 380-mm TAs were removed from them (according to some information, only the deck rotating one was removed, and the bow one was left). We received minesweeper equipment. By the beginning of World War II they had a speed of about 18 knots.

Type V-39 patrol ships - 15 units

V -39 (GvS, 10/31/1908 - excluded in 1947),

V -40 (GvS, 19.9.1908 - excluded in 1947),

V-41 (FS, 10/22/1908 - excluded in 1947),

V-42 (GvS, 1.10.1908 - excluded in 1947),

V-43 (GvS, 06/11/1909 - excluded in 1947),

V-45 (FS, 5.6.1909 - excluded in 1947),

V -46 (FS, 19.6.1909 - excluded in 1940),

V-47 (FS, 12/1/1909 - excluded in 1947),

V-48 (FS, 6.4.1910 - deleted 1947),

V -49 (FS, 20.5.1910 - excluded in 1944),

V -50 (FS, 06/10/1910 - excluded in 1944),

V -51 (K, 24.4.1909 - excluded in 1940),

V -52 (K, 3.5.1909 - excluded in 1940),

V -53 (K, 11/17/1910 - excluded in 1941),

V -54 (K, 11/24/1910 - excluded in 1941)

97/120 t; 40.2x4.4x2.6 m; 1 PM, 2 PCs, 2000 hp, 25.5 kts, 20 tons of coal. Ek. 25 people 2x1 - 57 mm.

Former 1st class destroyers, built according to the French design. Norman company. Total in 1905 - 1910 17 units were built, of which 15 survived until the start of World War II. In 1928, they were reclassified as patrol ships, and the 457-mm TA was removed from them (according to some information, only the deck rotating one was removed, and the bow one was left).

Torpedo gunboats of the "Ornen" type - 2 units

"Jacob Bagge" (KS, 1896/30.4.1898/11.1898 - deleted 13.6.1947),

"Ornen" (LS, 1895/6.8.1896/5.1897 - deleted 13.6.1947)

800/846 t; 67.7(vl)/69.2x8.2xW.3 m; 2 PM, 4 PCs, 4000 hp, 19 kts, 105 tons of coal, 1200 (12) miles. Reservation: deck 12 - 19 mm, deckhouse 40 mm. Ek. 104 - 112 people 2x1 - 120 mm/45, 4 - 57 mm/55, 1x1 - 380 mm TA, 12 min.

Fast gunboats armed with an underwater bow propeller. In 1896 - 1900 Five units were built for the Swedish fleet, outwardly somewhat different from each other. They had some semblance of armor protection - a carapace deck 12 - 19 mm thick.

"Jacob Bagge" and "Ornen" survived until the Second World War, from the late 1920s. used as training ships.

In 1942, the 57 mm guns were removed from both ships, replacing them with 2x2 25 mm/64 anti-aircraft guns. Towards the end of the war, "Jacob Bagge" was completely disarmed, leaving only one 20mm machine gun.

Air transport "Dristigheten" - 1 unit

"Dristigheten" LS 10.1898 28.4.1900 1901 Deleted in 1947

3218/3600 t, 89x14.8x5.2 m; 2 PMU, 8 PCs, 5600 hp, 16.8 kts, 310 tons of coal, 3000 (10) miles. Reservation: belt 200 - 140 mm, deck 50 mm, deckhouse 247 mm. Ek. 275 people 4x1 - 75 mm, 2x1 - 25 mm, 4 bullets, 3 seaplanes.

Former coastal defense battleship. To a certain extent, the ship was a milestone for the Swedish fleet, since it was from this ship that the armament of all the battleships of this country consisted exclusively of rapid-fire artillery.

In 1927 - 1928 rebuilt into seaplane transport. During the work, both main battery towers and casemates were dismantled from it. In the aft part there is a built-in platform that serves for storage and pre-flight preparation of vehicles. There was no catapult - the launch was made from the water.

Excluded from the lists of the fleet on June 13, 1947 and turned into a floating target, scrapped in 1961.

In addition, the Swedish fleet had the old battleship "Svea" (1885, 2840/3300 tons), which was converted into a submarine mother ship back in 1915. Removed from the navy lists in 1941.

Icebreaker "Ymer" - 1 unit

"Ymer" (KS, launched 1932 - deleted 1976)

3465/4545 t; 75(in)/78.6x19.3 (in VP - 18.6)x6.4 m; 2 DE (+ 1 DE in the bow), 9000 hp, 15.9 kts, 830 tons of oil. Ek. 44 people

The world's first icebreaker with a diesel-electric installation. Intended for service in the Gulf of Bothnia. Three propellers (2 main propellers in the stern and one in the bow for eroding ice) were driven by electric motors, the current for which was generated by 6 diesel generators. To carry out ice reconnaissance, a place was provided on the ship for basing a seaplane - on the superstructure behind the chimney.

In addition to its main task, "Ymer" could be used as a mother ship for submarines.

"Ymer" served as a model for the design of the Finnish icebreaker "Sisu".

The project included the installation of weapons, and at the beginning of the war the ship was equipped with four 75 mm anti-aircraft guns, 1 x 2 40 mm and 2 x 2 25 mm machine guns. The mainmast, which interfered with the deployment of air defense systems, was dismantled. After this, "Ymer" lost the ability to carry a seaplane.

Icebreaker "Atle" - 1 unit

"Atle" (LS, launched 1925 - deleted 1966)

1725/2630 t; 63x17x6.3 m; 1 PMU (+ 1 PMU in the nose), 6000 hp, 14 kt. Ek. 44 people

Medium-sized icebreaker for service in the Gulf of Bothnia. It had two propellers - one sustainer in the stern and another one in the bow - for eroding ice.

Since the beginning of the war, he was armed with four 57-mm anti-aircraft guns and 4 bullets.

The Swedish company Kockums Naval Systems is working on a non-nuclear submarine under Project A26 with a displacement of 1,900 tons. Previously, in 1992-1996, it produced a series of three 1500-ton boats of the Gotland type with VNEU based on Stirling engines, providing a maximum diving time of 20 days. According to the Swedish project, in 1996-2003, 6 non-nuclear Collins-class submarines (displacement 3050 tons) were assembled for the Australian Navy; work on two Swedish Archer-class submarines (1400 tons) for the Singapore Navy is being completed. The submarine project received code A26. The main purpose of the new submarine will primarily be to conduct operations in coastal waters, but at the same time it will be able to perform tasks on the high seas...

In accordance with the published technical specifications, the underwater displacement of the A26 will be 1.9 thousand tons. The submarine's hull will be 63 meters long and 6.4 meters wide. The A26 will be equipped with four 530 mm torpedo tubes and one universal compartment for additional weapons. It is planned that the submarine’s crew will range from 17 to 26 people, and the A26’s cruising autonomy will reach several weeks. The new generation submarine will be diesel-stirling-electric. It will inherit this characteristic from the previous generation Gotland-class submarines in service with Sweden. These boats were the first in the world to use an air-independent Stirling engine. Presumably, the A26 will be able to reach speeds of up to 20 knots and up to five knots only using Stirling engines. At the same time, it will be able to carry out combat missions without surfacing to recharge the batteries for up to 20 days.

German industrial giant ThyssenKrupp and Swedish Saab have confirmed that they are negotiating the sale of the Swedish assets of ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems AB (TKMS AB), formerly known as Kockums. TKMS AB has been developing the new Swedish submarine A 26 since 2007, but a production contract has not yet been signed. As previously reported, price negotiations between TKMS and the Swedish government have reached an impasse, and Stockholm is concerned about ThyssenKrupp's refusal to authorize export sales of the A 26. The A 26 submarine is a potential competitor to ThyssenKrupp's other Project 218 NSSS program. In a statement released in mid-March 2014, FMV chief Lena Erixon said: "One of the reasons why FMV did not want to continue cooperation on the A 26 project with ThyssenKrupp - the company’s reluctance to allow the export of the submarine, which means a lack of opportunities for international cooperation. This is contrary to the country’s national interests in the field of shipbuilding, since in this situation Sweden is deprived of the opportunity to share the costs of developing and maintaining submarines with other countries.”

The Saab AB group, the new owner of the Swedish shipbuilding company Kockums, presented at the naval exhibition Euronaval 2014 a model of the promising non-nuclear submarine Project A26, which is being developed for the Swedish Navy.

According to the Swedish Navy, the new generation of submarines being developed under the A26 project, approved by the government and the Ministry of Defense of the country, must be equipped with improved sonar and surveillance equipment, since they can be used for reconnaissance. The submarines will be created using stealth technology. The list of technical requirements includes the mandatory use of an air-independent Stirling engine, a type of external combustion engine, on submarines. The use of such a power plant increases the survivability of the submarine and increases its chances of leaving the battlefield after receiving serious damage and failure of the main engine. In addition, the Stirling engine is characterized by almost silent operation. The disadvantages of such a power plant include the low speed that the submarine can develop - for Gotland class submarines this figure is five knots. It is expected that with the help of Stirling, Project A26 submarines will be able to reach speeds of up to seven knots.

The Swedish Parliament has approved the purchase of two new generation diesel-stirling-electric submarines of the A26 project for the country's Navy. The program to create such ships began in February 2010, and the submarines so far exist only on paper. The allocation of funds for the purchase of promising submarines will allow the Swedish company Kockums to conduct all the necessary research and begin construction of submarines. The new submarines are expected to be included in the Swedish Navy in 2018-2019 and will replace the outdated Sodermanland class submarines. These diesel-electric boats have been used by Sweden since 1989. Currently, the Scandinavian country's submarine fleet includes five submarines: three Gotland class and two Sodermanland class. According to preliminary data, by 2018 all Gotland class submarines will undergo modernization using the developments of the A26 project. After 2020, a decision may be made to replace all submarines in the Swedish submarine fleet with ships of the A26 project.

The Swedish Navy will acquire two new A26 submarines built by Saab Kockums, reported March 17, 2015. Both submarines will be delivered before 2022, the contract value is 8.2 billion Swedish kronor. These are new generation submarines, very high-tech, said Swedish Defense Minister Peter Hultqvist.

CHARACTERISTICS

Displacement, m: - surface 1,700 - underwater 1,860 - 1900
Length, m 63
Width, m 6.4
Main power plant: diesel-stirling-electric - DE-Gensets: 3 x 500 kW - Stirling AIP system Mk III: 3 x 65 kW
Full speed, knots 26
Submarine speed, knots 12
Submarine speed using Stirling engines, knots. 5 - 7
Immersion depth, m 200
Autonomy, days. 45
Endurance under water without ascent, days. until 18 - 20
Crew, persons 17 - 26

WEAPONS

4 x 533 mm torpedo tubes 533 mm, 400 mm torpedoes, mines
Weapons compartment 6 x 1.5 m

At the 11th international conference and specialized exhibition of naval equipment and weapons IMDEX Asia 2017, held in Singapore from 16 to 18 May 2017, the Swedish group Saab AB presented a new version of the promising non-nuclear submarine Project A26, which it is developing, equipped with vertical launchers, designed primarily to accommodate American Raytheon Tomahawk cruise missiles...

According to the model demonstrated at the exhibition, three six-round vertical launchers of a cylindrical type are placed in an additional compartment 10 m long in the central part of the A26 submarine. The displacement of the boat increases by 400-500 tons. According to a representative of the company developing the A26 project, Saab Kockums, part of Saab AB, launcher modules can be used to accommodate various weapons, and with the dismantling of the launchers themselves, also to accommodate equipment for combat swimmers, etc. However, Tomahawk missiles are unofficially called the main weapons for these launchers.

As you can understand, this version of the A26 boat with a VPU is intended not for the Swedish Navy, but for potential customers of the A26 project, who require cruise missiles in the armament of their promising submarines to attack ground targets. In Europe, Poland is first and foremost unofficially named as such potential customers, where Saab is actively working to promote the A26 project, acting in partnership with the leading Polish state defense holding Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa (PGZ). The Polish Navy, as part of the Orka program, plans to acquire three non-nuclear submarines armed with cruise missiles, with the lead one entering service in 2024.

Let us recall that the Swedish defense procurement agency Försvarets Materielverk (FMV) in June 2015 signed a contract worth 7.6 billion Swedish kronor (about $1 billion) with the Saab AB group for the construction of two non-nuclear submarines of the A26 project for the Swedish Navy at Saab Kockums. which should be delivered to the Swedish fleet in 2022 and 2024. Project A26 boats designed for the Swedish Navy, developed since the 1990s, should be fairly large underwater ships with a displacement of about 2000 tons and a length of 63 m, equipped with an air-independent power plant using Stirling engines, and equipped in the bow, in addition to torpedo weapons, a special Multimission Portal (MMP) compartment with a diameter of 1.6 m to accommodate uninhabited or manned underwater vehicles or an additional number of torpedoes.

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Books

• Sweden is under attack. From the history of modern Scandinavian mythology, Boris Grigoriev. The book describes in detail the events associated with the navigation accident of the Soviet submarine S-363 in October 1981 in the area of ​​​​the main Swedish Navy base - Karlskrona. The effect produced...

Sweden has a fairly long and rugged coastline. Therefore, the country requires many ships of different classes to ensure maritime security. The modern Swedish Navy includes three Gottland-class submarines, two Södermanland-class submarines, Visby-class corvettes (5 pieces), Gothenburg (4 pieces) and Stockholm-class (2 pieces) , 12 Type 80 patrol ships and seven Landsort-class minesweepers. Let's take a look at the top attractions on this list.

Gottland-class submarines

Sweden became the first country to launch a series of submarines with air-independent Stirling engines on board in 1992. The use of such engines makes these boats almost silent. In exercises with American sailors, this boat proved its effectiveness in the fight against both enemy submarines and surface ships. The project planned to build five Gottlands, designed at the very end of the Cold War, but due to financial problems, only three were produced, and only two were equipped with air-independent engines.

Södermanland class submarines

Submarines of this type are a deep modernization of diesel-electric submarines of the Västerjötland project, produced in the 80s. In the early 2000s, additional compartments were installed on two Västerjötland boats to accommodate air-independent Stirling engines. Thus, without having nuclear submarines, Sweden is armed with extremely quiet submarines designed to fight enemy naval forces off its coast.

Visby-class corvettes

Sweden, not the United States, is the first country to build a warship using stealth technology. The first ship of this series was launched in 2000. Already during the construction of the fifth corvette of this class, the budget exceeded the estimated one, and therefore they did not build the sixth.

Gothenburg-class corvettes

Ships of this type are missile boats designed to combat surface ships. They can also perform anti-submarine defense functions if necessary. After the laying of the first Visby-class corvette, the Swedish command planned to replace all the Gothenburgs with them. Since the plan for the construction of new stealth corvettes could not be completed in full, the Gothenburgs are still in service after a fairly deep modernization, which brought the parameters of their “invisibility” closer to the Visby.

Stockholm-class corvettes

Two corvettes of this type were supposed to go into reserve, but like the Gothenburgs, they underwent a deep modernization that brought them closer to the Visby.

As we see, the Swedes, while maintaining military neutrality, adhere exclusively to a defensive doctrine. The Swedish fleet is designed to protect its shores. One can note the pragmatism of Sweden in the development of its fleet: the main emphasis is on the deep modernization of existing ships, and all new items are breakthrough in nature. Sweden is the first country to build submarines with air-independent engines and ships using stealth technology.