EntranceA message about what water is needed for. Why do we need water? Lesson plan for the world around us (senior group) on the topic
Irina Yachmeneva
Target: Help children develop an understanding of the importance of water on earth.
Program content: show the importance of water for all living things; develop cognitive activity in the process of forming ideas about the protection of water resources; instill in children the skills of economical use of water; develop environmental thinking and ecological culture; systematize ideas about how to use water.
Material: globe, paintings depicting the nature of the desert, the north, the underwater world.
Progress of the conversation
Educator.
I'm being drunk
I'm being poured out.
Everyone needs me.
Who am I?
Guys, what do you think this is? This is water! Where can you see water? How does a person use water?
Children's answers, their discussion and generalization.
Educator. Water covers a huge part earth's surface, much larger compared to land. Oceans, seas, rivers, streams and swamps are made of water. It is located on the surface of the earth, and underground, and in the air. In the Arctic and Antarctica, as well as on mountain peaks, large amounts of water are concentrated in the form of ice and snow. Look at images of the Arctic, Antarctic and mountain peaks.
Educator. In nature, water is in a constant cycle. Water vapor rises from the ground and returns as rain.
But there are areas on Earth where there is no water. Such areas are called “deserts”; there are very few living creatures and plants there. Consider a picture of a desert.
Without water, life on Earth is impossible: without it, plants would quickly dry out and die, animals and people would suffer the same fate. For fish, some plants and animals, water is their habitat.
We drink water when we are thirsty. But water also enters our body along with various foods: vegetables, fruits and even meat. Drinking water must be clean and clear. It is best to drink spring water - it is the purest.
We also use water for cooking, for washing or washing.
But we must remember that due to the increase in the world population drinking water is becoming less and less, so water needs to be saved, not wasted and protected from pollution.
The spring has dried up, the spring has weakened,
And we are from the tap, drip-drip-drip.
The rivers and seas are becoming shallow,
Don't waste water = waste!
And then a few years will pass,
And there is no water - no, no, no!
At the end of the conversation, ask the children to answer the following questions:
What is water for?
How can we save water?
How can we protect water from pollution?
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
Publications on the topic:
Conversation with children of junior and senior preschool age about the rules of personal hygiene Conversation with older children preschool age about the rules of personal hygiene. Goal: To instill in children the habit of washing their hands (with soap). Objectives: Summarize.
Summary of the OOD on familiarization with the environment “This is what water is like” (younger preschool age group) Purpose: To identify the properties of water: transparency, odorless, flows, some substances dissolve in it, has weight. Show children how to brew.
Lesson summary “Save water! or Everyone needs water! for children of the second younger group Purpose: Developmental: - Expand and deepen children’s knowledge and ideas about the world around them to form the beginning of an ecological culture.
Goal: To develop cognitive activity in the process of experimentation. Objectives: To consolidate children's knowledge about the properties of water. Convert.
People have long noticed that the movements of the fingers and toes, which are accompanied by rhymes, have a beneficial effect on the development of children. And in our time.
Direct educational activity “What is the Red Book for” (preparatory group) Direct educational activities“WHY IS THE RED BOOK NEEDED” ( preparatory group) Program content: Form.
Where to begin? At first school year Little pupils come to kindergarten and for many this is a lot of stress. The baby was “torn away” from his mother.
Water – main source life of all living organisms on our planet. Daily replenishment of the body with water is very important for health. If a person can live without food for several weeks, then he can live without water- only a few days.
The human body does not retain moisture well, losing it through urination, sweating and breathing, so constant replenishment of fluid reserves is required. Maintaining a drinking balance is important for the functioning of the body.
This means that our body must receive and excrete an equal amount of water from the outside. If this balance is disturbed, negative changes occur in the process of life.
If there is not enough water– weight falls, blood viscosity increases, temperature rises, performance decreases. Excessive water consumption increases the load on the kidneys and heart, and worsens digestion.
The amount of water a person consumes daily depends on various factors: his weight, physical activity, air temperature, etc. On average, the daily norm of fluid entering the body (taking into account other drinks and food) is 2 liters.
Let us consider specifically how lack of water affects the human body.
Brain. A lack of water in the body deprives it of oxygen and provokes a stroke (especially in the heat).
Vessels. Blood consists of a solid part (plasma) and liquid. If there is not enough water, blood clots may occur, which means strokes and heart attacks.
Intestines. Prevention of constipation.
Leather. Excess wrinkles are a consequence of dehydration.
Kidneys. Water prevents the occurrence of kidney stones and bladder cancer.
Most beneficial for the body clean water without gas.
The human body is 75-80% water. Maintaining water balance is, without exaggeration, a vital task for everyone. Unfortunately, many of us mistakenly believe that only a traveler in a hot desert faces the problem of dehydration when he runs out of water. However, it is not.
Elena Orlova / “Health-Info”
There is a chronic form of dehydration that does not have acute symptoms. This kind of hidden dehydration is extremely common and affects anyone who does not drink enough fluids. Why is dehydration dangerous? And how much fluid do we need to be healthy?
Because without water...
The normal functioning of all organs requires a certain amount of fluid. The daily minimum is one liter. However, the need for fluid depends on age and lifestyle: most active people young and mature people engaged in physical labor need up to three liters of fluid daily. It's useful to know exactly what amount of fluid you consume when you feel your best. Make sure your body has enough water.
Metabolism, maintaining thermal balance, supplying cells with nutrients, timely removal of toxins and breakdown products - all these processes in our body are started and operated with the help of water. Dehydration is dangerous because if there is not enough fluid, the normal functioning of the body is disrupted.
This is what happens when there is not enough water in our body.
- The course of biochemical reactions slows down
- Digestive processes are disrupted
- Blood viscosity increases (and this creates a real danger of blood clots)
- The regulation of heat exchange between the body and the environment is disrupted
Also, some medications can cause fluid loss, so you should be sure to read the instructions: in such cases, the consumer is emphasized on this.
Dark and cloudy urine. Decomposition products intended to be excreted from the body along with urine are dissolved in an insufficient amount of fluid. Normally, urine should be very light and almost transparent.
Dry skin, dry mouth. The mechanism of fluid redistribution is the same: moisture from the surface of the body is “pumped out” inside. The skin becomes very dry, and with prolonged dehydration it becomes wrinkled.
Here are a few less obvious symptoms of latent dehydration, which is very often confused with signs of other painful conditions.
Exhaustion, lack of energy, chronic fatigue. Tissue dehydration reduces enzymatic activity, so the body receives less energy and all functions slow down.
What to do?
Vegetables and fruits are not only a storehouse of vitamins and fiber, but also a source of water (for example, cucumbers are 95% water). Eat more fresh vegetables, fruits and berries. During watermelon season, pamper your body with this healthy and very moist berry (90% water and 10% delicious aromatic fiber!)
You should follow some basic rules for maintaining the body's water balance.
- During physical activity, high temperatures (in hot climates, for example), in an airplane cabin, where the air is always very dry, in an air-conditioned room, try to drink at least a third of a glass of clean water every hour.
- After each cup of tea or coffee, try to drink half a glass of water, since tea, coffee and other caffeinated drinks cause
Summary of the club meeting on the environment
in 2nd grade.
UMK "Perspective Primary School»
Topic: “Who needs water and why?”
Goals and objectives:
To repeat and expand children’s ideas about the importance of water for life on Earth, to convey to children the idea of the great importance of water for planet Earth, awareness of it as an integral part of the human body, understanding of the extraordinary properties of this wonderful substance .
Understand the importance of water in human life, know ways to preserve natural fresh water reserves, and be able to use water sparingly.
Equipment and visual aids:
Textbooks.
Notebooks for independent work.
Exhibition of books about water.
Invitation cards.
Presentation
Announcement
Sample advertisement
Members of the scientific club junior schoolchildren"We and the world» invite everyone to take part in next meeting club.
Topic of the meeting: Is it possible to plant all garden plants at the same time?
The meeting will take place _____________ in the classroom ______ lesson _____
Responsible ____________________________________________________
Speakers___________________________
Topic " Who needs water and for what?” .
The meeting is chaired by the next chairman of the science club for junior schoolchildren ________________________________________________________________
Organizing time.
Teacher:
Today we are opening the third meeting of the school club “We and the world around us”, the chairman of which is _________________. There are no absentees in the class.
Setting a goal.
Chairman of the Junior Scientific Society:
I propose to write down the topic of the meeting (“Who needs water and why?”) and discuss the work plan, as well as the regulations. In addition, for the next lesson you must prepare a report on the importance of water and drawings.
Students:
We suggest first listening to the guys’ messages “What do we know about water?” - 15 minutes.
Teacher information – 15 min.
Write your conclusions in your notebook for independent work – 10 min.
Summarizing. - 5 minutes.
Learning new material.
3.1. Chairman
For today's work you need to divide into groups. Each group prepared information on the topic.
Listen to the guys’ report “What do we know about water?” (They read it out).
What new did the guys tell us about water?
3.2. Students (invited):
We already know that pure water is a solvent, tasteless, odorless, colorless, transparent, takes the shape of a vessel, and has the property of fluidity.
We also know that life on Earth is impossible without water. For many plants and animals, water is their place of life. But even those who live on land cannot live without water.
Water is an extraordinary substance because it can exist in one place in three different states: liquid, solid, gaseous.
3.3.Teacher’s word (using presentation):
Our whole life is centered around water. Just imagine for a minute - you don’t have ANY WATER in your house. Agree, it is impossible to imagine a more bleak situation.
It is difficult to overestimate the importance of water in human life. “Water is the fundamental principle of everything. Everything in the world consists of water and ultimately turns into it” - these words belong to the ancient Greek philosopher Thales of Miletus, who lived more than 2 thousand years ago.
Indeed, water saturates us with its life-giving moisture (more than half of us are made of water), gives life to plants and animals on our planet. Water is as priceless as air. Nothing can replace it! And if it just runs or drips from your tap, this is a big problem, because to ensure that clean drinking water gets into your home at this moment, thousands and thousands of people work day and night. Nature also works, giving people fresh water.
Yes, more than 70% of our planet is covered in water, but only a tiny part of it, less than 1%, is fresh water, which can be used by a person. Fresh water is rapidly becoming a scarce natural resource. Today, more than 2 billion people on our planet suffer from a lack of drinking water. Think seriously about this, dear friends. I hope you will treat water with care and respect. Don't let it waste away from your taps.
3.4.Group work:
1. Poems about water.
A drop
A drop of water flows out of a tap -
A drop of water we purified,
A drop of tear flows from the eye -
A drop of suffering and pain of the soul.
A drop of rain flows from a cloud -
A drop of hope and rainbow light,
A drop of the river flows from the mouth -
A drop of nature and our victories.
A drop and a drop - it turns out to be a sea,
Sea plus sea equals ocean.
The sea of water rewarded us with pain
For the nightmare we caused her.
Hardworking water
Time to take a bath.
Water is waiting, it won’t wait,
She will have to work -
Wash hands and feet.
Wash your back with soap - brothers
And with a washcloth - sister,
It’s not easy for water sometimes,
If you don't obey her.
The water girl is offended -
Dirt does not decorate the face.
Who wants to become beautiful
Must respect water.
***
Streams, murmuring and meandering,
And calling out to each other,
They rush to the echoing valley,
And the raging waters
Under white marble vaults
They fly with a cheerful roar
A. Fet
***
Looks like they're wearing lace
Trees, bushes, wires.
And it seems like a fairy tale,
But in essence - only water.
The vast expanse of the ocean
And the quiet backwater of the pond,
The flow of a waterfall and the spray of a fountain,
And all this is just water.
***
Don't wash, don't get drunk
Without water.
The leaf won't bloom
Without water.
They can't live without water
Birds, animals and people.
And that's why it's always
Everyone, everywhere needs water!
***
Riddles about water.
I am both a cloud and a fog,
And the stream and the ocean,
And I fly and I run,
And I can be glass (water)
Flows, flows -
It won't leak.
Runs, runs -
Will not run out (river)
Without wings, I'm flying.
Without legs I run
Without a sail - I float (cloud)
Trees in white velvet -
And the fences and the village.
And how the wind attacks,
This velvet is falling (frost)
Milk floated over the river,
There was nothing to be seen.
The milk has dissolved -
It became visible far away (fog)
No boards, no axes
The bridge across the river is ready.
The bridge is like blue glass:
Slippery, fun, light (ice)
Born from water and turned into water (snow)
3. A Tale of Water.
Tale of a Brook
I want to tell you a fairy tale about a small stream. Listen carefully.
There lived a trickle in the world. The stream was small, but cheerful. He gurgled joyfully in the riffles. The stream had many friends, most of them animals. He loved to race with the little hares and gave his fresh, cool water to tits, starlings, and finches. He also loved the mountains. More than once he helped them carry the snow water that flowed down their slopes in the spring.
Except huge reserve cheerfulness, the stream had one more good quality: He treated people well, although Mother Earth warned more than once that they were treacherous.
One fine morning, the stream was splashing with its friends - fish, their scales glistening in the morning sun, he looked up and saw that a jay was sitting on the branch of a tree that grew nearby. She gathered a flock of birds around her and was enthusiastically talking about something.
What's happened? - asked the stream, stopping.
The jay went down and, sitting on a stone, began to chirp that below, under the mountain, the village was left without water - the spring that provided people with water had dried up. The stream became thoughtful, its stormy waters calmed down. We know what the brook was thinking: he could not allow people to be thirsty somewhere nearby. And the trickle made up its mind. Saying goodbye to his friends, he hurried down to the people to give them clean water to drink.
On this day there was a holiday in the village - people rejoiced at the water. Brook was proud, although from time to time doubt crept in the depths of his soul. He recalled the words of Mother Earth: “Remember, little brook, people are treacherous and prone to betrayal.”
Several of the most boring days in the brook's life have passed. At first he was entertained by the village dogs fighting in the clouds of dust and the children playing on its banks. Soon he got bored with all this. Brook watched people a lot. He was increasingly surprised by their dislike for nature, especially the earth, and their ignorance. He didn’t understand how you could litter the place where you live with heaps of garbage and waste. Soon the stream began to choke and turned into a dirty ditch, into which unpleasant liquid flowed from all sides. The stream turned from transparent to a whitish, muddy stream. And he cried, which is why the water became salty... Now he understood why streams disappear from such places.
At night our little stream was forced to leave the village. Along the way, to cleanse himself, he made as many turns as possible, bending in every possible way. A carefree life and loyal friends awaited him ahead.
Although the fairy tale is a lie, there is a hint in it - a lesson for humanity.
A conversation about the importance of water in human life.
Why did the cheerful stream leave people?
If all the rivers took offense at people and ran away, what would happen to us?
Could people live without water?
Reservoirs are a real decoration of nature, a natural home for many plants and animals.
Proverbs and catchphrases about water
1. The tap is a clean spring in the apartment.
2. Bread is father, and water is mother.
3. If you have bread and water, then it’s no longer a problem.
4. Not all water is suitable for drinking.
5. Lots of water - lots of grass.
6. Water flowed from the mountains and brought spring.
8. Water wears away the earth and chisels the stone.
9. Water is a valuable gift of nature.
10. If we don’t preserve nature, there will be no Motherland.
11. To save water means to protect the health, life and beauty of our native nature.
12. Water is one of the most important resources on Earth.
"That's interesting to know."
Water on Earth is different. Sea water is salty. Mineral water- the most delicious and healthy. Rainwater is dangerous to drink; it can be contaminated with dust, germs, and toxic substances. Clean fresh water is of great value. The main reservoir of fresh water on the planet is glaciers.
Both fog and clouds are made up of tiny droplets of water. The difference is that fog spreads across the Earth, while a cloud forms high above the Earth.
A spring of clear, clean water emerges from under the Earth. This is spring water. Where does it come from? This is groundwater (underground) water that has seeped through the top layers of soil.
At night, especially in the morning, dew appears on the leaves of bushes and on the grass. Dew is droplets of water. At night, the air cools and the steam it contains turns into water.
In an hour he will drip 2 glasses of water from a broken tap.
How much water will dripping out of 10 hours?
What will this water be enough for if:
Water the cucumbers with 1 bucket - 10 glasses of water;
Boil soup - 6 glasses of water;
Wash – 3 glasses of water;
Boil compote - 8 glasses of water;
Wash dishes - 5 glasses of water.
For the rain to fall from the sky,
So that the ears of bread grow,
For the ships to sail,
To cook jelly,
So that there is no trouble -
We cannot live without water!
4. Consolidation of new material.
Chairman:
The floor is given to the librarian.
A librarian reviews books about water. At the same time, he uses the exhibition of scientific literature prepared for the meeting.
Chairman:
I propose to discuss Control questions:
5. Summing up.
Chairman:
Express your opinion about the meeting.
2nd grade students present prepared gifts.
Homework:
textbook pp. 50 – 61,
prepare illustrations for fairy tales and riddles that you heard in class.
Reference material for the teacher
1. There is no life without water; there is water in every living creature. You can live much longer without food than without water. Humans and many animals are almost 2/3 water. And some plants are about 4/5 water.
Water occupies 2/3 of the surface globe, and only 1/3 is on land. Water - in oceans and seas, rivers and lakes, underground and in soil. Glaciers and icebergs are also water, only frozen. There is a lot of water in the atmosphere: clouds, fog, steam, rain, snow.
There is no completely pure water in nature. It can only be obtained in the laboratory. Such water is tasteless, it does not contain the salts needed by a living organism. And in sea water too many different salts are dissolved, so it is also not suitable for drinking.
The total amount of water on Earth does not change. Water evaporates from the surface of seas and oceans, rivers and lakes, and clouds form. They rain or throw snow - and again return the water to the land and oceans.
But there is less and less clean water on Earth. People are increasingly using water for industrial needs and polluting water with industrial waste. Engineers have already figured it out different ways water purification. In our country it is prohibited to discharge industrial waste and wastewater. Remember: you need to save water! Antoine de Saint-Exupery wrote about water: “You are life itself... You are the greatest wealth in the world.” Water is the most abundant substance on Earth, but it is unevenly distributed. There are vast spaces on Earth that are devoid of water - these are deserts. The main amount of water is contained in the oceans (95.7%), in the form of ice (2.14%), water from rivers and lakes is 2.14%, and atmospheric water is 0.0005%. In nature, there is a constant and active water cycle. Almost ¼ of all solar energy that falls on the Earth is spent on the evaporation of water from the surfaces of reservoirs. Approximately 2/3 of atmospheric water returns as precipitation back to the ocean, and 1/3 falls on land. Mountain glaciers are an important regulator of water on land. Glaciers are the main reservoir of fresh water on the planet. They contain about 30 million cubic meters. km. fresh water. Swamps are large reservoirs of fresh water. The total reserves of free water on Earth are 1.4 billion cubic meters. km. Fresh water supplies on Earth are quite limited. Freshwater sources are unevenly distributed, with some countries experiencing acute shortages of freshwater, such as Algeria and certain coastal areas and islands of Greece.
Clean fresh water is of great value, but, unfortunately, it is Natural resources are exhaustible, so water needs to be protected and protected from pollution, remember that it is important component human habitat.
2. Water in the human body
Humans are approximately 65% water. With age, the water content in the body decreases. In a healthy adult body, a state of water equilibrium, or water balance, is observed, i.e. the amount of water consumed is equal to the amount of water removed from the body. Water metabolism is an important part of the overall human metabolism. Water metabolism includes the processes of absorption of water entering the stomach when drinking and food products, its distribution in the body. Excretion through the kidneys, urinary tract, lungs, skin and intestines. Water is also formed in the body due to the oxidation of fats, carbohydrates and proteins taken with food.
The total volume of water consumed by a person per day when drinking and eating is 2-2.5 liters. About 50-60% of water is removed through the kidneys and urinary tract. When the body loses 6-8% of moisture above the normal norm, body temperature rises, heart rate increases, and muscle weakness appears. A loss of 10% of water can lead to irreversible changes in the body, and a loss of 15-20% of water leads to death. A person can live without food for about a month, and without water - only a few days. Various fabrics human body contain different amounts of water. The richest tissue in water is the vitreous body of the eye (99%). The poorest is tooth enamel (0.2%).