Message about creativity a feta. The main stages of the creative path A

Lesson 3. Stages of the biography and creativity of A. A. Fet

The purpose of the lesson: to introduce the main stages of the life and work of A. A. Fet.

Equipment: portrait, collections of poems

Method: messages with reading poetry of the poet

Epigraphs:

And while the light rejoices in holy art,

Inspired Fet will be dear to you with tender feelings.

K. Fofanov

But in a touching verse you will find

This eternally fragrant rose...

A. A. Fet

He is a high, highest authority in poetry, in art, in thought.

V. Bryusov

The enormity of the philosophy of Solovyov and Fet is beyond doubt,

We listen to their music on earth, and their love knows no bounds...

A. Blok

Lesson progress

I. with brief analysis results of the test written by the children in the previous lesson.

II. Teacher's word.

Both the personality, fate, and creative biography of A. A. Fet are unusual and full of mysteries, some of which have not yet been solved. Pure poetry, far from the realities of life, subtle lyricism and practicality of life, the life of a poet full of drama and contradictions, often unexpected in its movement and transitions - all these paradoxes are intertwined in one person, causing an ambiguous attitude towards him.

Fet's popularity is still great. The modern reader undoubtedly has an interest in his poems. How can this be correlated with the rejection of Fet’s poetry by the democratic reader in the 60s of the 19th century?

Or maybe not give a definite answer, but simply read the musical lines and reflect on the facts of life, love and death, as incomprehensible secrets of nature to the human essence. Everyone should try to find answers in the poet’s poems to many exciting questions of existence.

It is impossible to talk about the originality of A. Fet’s work without talking about his life.

III.

Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet (Shenshin) was born on November 23 (December 5 according to the new style) 1820 in the Oryol province, near the city of Mtsensk. The father of the future poet was a reserved man, stern towards his wife and children.

Fet's mother, whose maiden name was Charlotte Becker, belonged by birth to a wealthy German burgher family. After converting to Orthodoxy, she received the name Elizaveta Petrovna. The story of her marriage is mysterious. Shenshin was her second husband. Until 1820 she lived in Germany, in Darmstadt, in her father's house. Apparently, after her divorce from her first husband, Johann Föt, she met forty-four-year-old Afanasy Neofitovich Shenshin. He brought her to Russia. Afanasy Neofitovich's love passed away as quickly as if it had never happened. The mother humbly resigned herself, and only got sick more and more often. As a child, Fet had something to think about, something to be sad about. But there was also good, perhaps more good than bad.

Many of Fet's first teachers turned out to be narrow-minded when it comes to book science. But there was another science - natural, directly life-based. Most of all, she taught and educated surrounding nature and living impressions of life, brought up the entire way of peasant and rural life. This is, of course, more important than book literacy. This is a practical diploma that has a profound effect and lasts a lifetime. Happy is the person who has mastered it from his youth. He is especially happy if his life calling is poetry!

Afanasy Fet studied at the Krummer boarding school in the city of Dorpat from the age of 14. The boarding school had beloved teachers and a living desire for knowledge. Here the poet learned a lot, learned a lot. And this was knowledge for life. They provided great assistance in his literary and poetic works. Good knowledge German language, which Fet owed not only to his mother, but also to the boarding school, allowed him to later translate German poets, in particular his beloved Heine.

From 1834 to 1844 he studied at Moscow University. Serious poetry studies begin in the first year. He wrote down his poems in a special “yellow notebook” he kept for that purpose. Fet's poetic fate is happy; great first revealed to him the joy of poetry, and the great Gogol blessed him to serve it. At the same time, the future poet became close to fellow student Apollo Grigoriev. He was an extraordinary young man, and later a talented poet and critic. Talented university youth gathered in Grigoriev's house. Around Grigoriev and Fet, not just a friendly company of interlocutors is formed, but a kind of literary and philosophical circle.

While at the university, Fet published the first collection of his poems. It was called somewhat intricately: “Lyrical Pantheon”. This collection was published at the end of November 1840 without a name with only initials: “A. F.”

This book is in many ways still a student's book. The influence of a variety of poets, Russian and Western, is noticeable in it; in a word, the book sounded with many different voices. For a collection of works by a very young poet, this is a fairly common occurrence.

In the collection, the greatest preference was given to two genres: the ballad, so beloved by romantics (“Abduction from a Harem,” “Castle Raufenbach” and others), and the genre of anthological poems, that is, poems on a theme or manner close to the ancient ones. Fet, both mature and young, was especially successful in poetry of the anthological kind. In the poet's first collection, the master's handwriting is already visible: everything here is simple, clear, precise. Moreover, what expressive details, what a visible picture they create!

Already, with sickles placed on their shoulders, the tired reapers

They resound the cool field with their sonorous song;

The forest smells of lily of the valley; there, under the ravine, birch trees

They glow with the crimson of dawn, and here, in the small bushes

The nightingale sang loudly, pleased with the evening coolness

The faithful horse steps forward beneath me at a slow pace,

Bends his neck into a ring and drives away midges with his tail.

After the release of “Lyrical Pantheon”, the two largest magazines of the 40s - “Moskvityanin” and “Otechestvennye zapiski” - began to willingly publish his poems, and some poems, as exemplary ones, ended up in the then well-known “Chrestomathy” by A. D. Galakhov, the first edition of which was published in 1843.

Eighty-five poems were published in these magazines from 1841 to 1845 (before entering military service), including the now textbook “I came to you with greetings...”

In the poet’s life during this period there were many trials and turmoil, but he was adamant in his decisions: “... in life I was always concerned about the future, and not about the past, which cannot be changed.”

In the years military service Fet also had genuine joys - lofty, truly human. This is a meeting with Maria Lazic. She became his heroine love lyrics. Maria Lazic was gifted with a deep and subtle poetic feeling, knew poetry and understood it. She knew and loved Fet's poems. The poet could not help but appreciate this. “Nothing,” he wrote, referring to his relationship with Lazic, “brings people together like art in general—poetry in the broad sense of the word. Such intimate rapprochement is poetry in itself.”

But their relationship ended tragically, due to many circumstances. After the tragic death of Maria Lazic, the poet fully understands love, unique and only love. Now he will remember all his life, talk and sing about this love - in lofty, beautiful, amazing verses. Already in his declining years in one of his best poems - “Alter Ejo” (Another (second) me (lat.) - Fet will say: ... that grass that is far away on your grave, Here on the heart, the older it is, the fresher it is ...

“In these words,” says critic N.N. Strakhov, “youthful love, and death, and the long years lived after this death, and a distant grave, and an old heart, which long ago became the grave of a beloved being, an eternally fresh grave, even forever refreshing. The beauty of this bold but simple feeling, endless tenderness, which grows deeper and brighter over the years, but burns as in the first minute.”

IV. Teacher's word.

The biography of a poet is, first of all, his poems. We have already talked in part about Fet's poems, but did not dwell on them in detail. This will be in the next two lessons.

Homework.

1. Prepare a retelling of the message based on the textbook.

2. Learn 2 poems by heart (of the student’s choice). The following poems are offered: “At dawn, don’t wake her up...”, “I came to you with greetings...”, “Whisper, timid breathing...”, “What a night...”, “The swallows have disappeared...”, “I tell you I won’t say anything...”

The future poet was born on November 23 (December 5, new style) 1820 in the village. Novoselki, Mtsensk district, Oryol province (Russian Empire).

As the son of Charlotte-Elizabeth Becker, who left Germany in 1820, Afanasy was adopted by the nobleman Shenshin. After 14 years, an unpleasant event occurred in the biography of Afanasy Fet: an error was discovered in the birth record, which deprived him of his title.

Education

In 1837, Fet graduated from Krümmer's private boarding school in the city of Verro (now Estonia). In 1838 he entered the Faculty of Philosophy at Moscow University, continuing to be interested in literature. He graduated from the university in 1844.

The poet's work

IN short biography Fet, it is worth noting that his first poems were written in his youth. Fet's poetry was first published in the collection "Lyrical Pantheon" in 1840. Since then, Fet's poems have been constantly published in magazines.

Trying in every possible way to regain his title of nobility, Afanasy Fet went to serve as a non-commissioned officer. Then, in 1853, Fet’s life involved a transition to the Guards Regiment. Fet's creativity does not stand still even in those days. His second collection was published in 1850, and his third in 1856.

In 1857, the poet married Maria Botkina. Having retired in 1858, without having achieved the return of the title, he acquired land and devoted himself to farming.

Fet's new works, published from 1862 to 1871, comprise the cycles “From the Village” and “Notes on Free Labor.” They include short stories, short stories, and essays. Afanasy Afanasievich Fet strictly distinguishes between his prose and poetry. For him, poetry is romantic, and prose is realistic.

Nikolai Nekrasov wrote about Fet: “A person who understands poetry and willingly opens his soul to its sensations will not find in any Russian author, after Pushkin, as much poetic pleasure as Mr. Fet will give him.”

Last years of life

In 1873, Afanasy Fet was returned to the title, as well as the surname Shenshin. After this, the poet engages in charity work. At this stage, Afanasy Fet’s poems were published in the collections “Evening Lights”, of which four issues were published from 1883 to 1891. Fet's poetry contains mainly two themes: nature, love.

Death overtook the poet on November 21, 1892 in Moscow in his house on Plyushchikha. Fet died of a heart attack. Afanasy Afanasyevich was buried in the Shenshin family estate in the village. Kleymenovo, Oryol province.

Chronological table

Other biography options

• In addition to writing poems, Fet was engaged in translations until his old age. He owns translations of both parts of Goethe's Faust. He even planned to translate Immanuel Kant's book "Critique of Pure Reason", but abandoned this idea and took up the translation of the works of Arthur Schopenhauer.
• The poet survived tragic love to Maria Lazic, a fan of his work. This girl was educated and very talented. Their feelings were mutual, but the couple failed to link their destinies. Maria died, and the poet remembered his unhappy love all his life, which influenced his work. It was to her that he dedicated the poem “The Talisman”, the poems “Old Letters”, “You suffered, I still suffer...”, “No, I haven’t changed. Until deep old age..." and other poems.
• Some researchers of Fet's life believe that the poet's death from a heart attack was preceded by a suicide attempt.
• It was Fet who authored the famous phrase that was included in “The Adventures of Pinocchio”

Real name is Shenshin; 1820 – 1892. Fet’s father, Afanasy Shenshin, was a wealthy landowner; mother - Caroline Charlotte Fet, for some time she was the illegitimate wife of Shenshin. He met her during treatment in Germany and brought her to Russia (she had a husband and daughter abroad). Afanasy was registered in his father’s surname, but at the age of 14 they discovered legal illegality = deprivation of the privileges of hereditary nobles = takes the surname Fet (now he is a “man without a name,” he will write in the book “My Memoirs”).

The father, on the advice of Zhukovsky, sent the boy to Mr. Krümmer's boarding school in Dorpat (modeled after the Goethe gymnasium). Fet knew Latin perfectly, Greek less well. He has been there for three years - he feels that he can write. Later - a private boarding school for M.P. Pogodin in Moscow to prepare for admission to Moscow State University. He was bored at the university; but he always kept a yellow notebook - he decided to give it to Dean Denisov - he gave it to Gogol - Gogol appreciated it and said “this is an undoubted talent.” Settled with the Grigorievs; Encouraged by the praise of his comrades, Fet decides to publish his poetic experiments (he was taught to write by Irinarch Vvedensky, a translator of Dickens). In 1840. his first book appears "Lyrical Pantheon" appreciated by Belinsky and Nekrasov. He is interested in Goethe and Heine.

40-50s Until the end of the 1840s. Fet's poems appear in Moskvityanin and Otechestvennye zapiski. In 1844, Fet graduated from the university and, having a long-standing interest in military service, entered the cuirassier regiment as a non-commissioned officer. In 1846 he was promoted to cornet, and in December 1851 to staff captain. In 1853, Fet with the rank of lieutenant was transferred to the Uhlan Life Guards Regiment. During Crimean War He was in the troops guarding the Estonian coast, and in 1858 he retired as a captain of the guard. The period of military service was the heyday of his poetic talent in Fet’s life.. In 1850 and 1856 (based on the collection -50s) two collections of his poems are published. At this time, a feature of Fet’s poetry manifests itself - capturing the elusive. Fet's favorite motifs - love and nature. According to Botkin, Fet did not capture the plastic reality of an object, but its ideal, melodic reflection in our feelings. Critics said that Fet is a representative new poetry, different from Pushkin and Lermontov, was compared with the impressionists. In the 50s, Fet published translations from Goethe, Horace (FET IS THE FIRST IN RUSSIA TRANSLATOR OF HORACE = 4 BOOKS), poetic translations of Shakespeare's tragedies "Julius Caesar" (1859) and "Antony and Cleopatra" (1859).

60-70s. Before resigning, Fet took a vacation and made a trip abroad. (“Essays from Abroad” ; notes from Germany and France have disappeared). There, in Paris, Fet married M.P. Botkina, the sister of his longtime friend and admirer. In 1860 he bought a farm in Mtsensk district, where he lived for 17 years, only coming to Moscow briefly in the winter. For more than ten years ( 1867 - 1877 ) the poet served as a justice of the peace = "Notes of a Justice of the Peace." The institution of the court was just taking shape at that time; the magistrate’s court tried minor criminal cases. Those who satisfied 3 points could become judges: 1. age limit - “at least 25 years of age”; 2. higher education/or 3 years in a profession where they could gain knowledge about the courts; 3. property with a price not lower than 15,000 rubles. Turgenev was pleased with the election of his friend, and encouraged him to create "notes of the magistrate." The book has not been published, but you can find many “plots” in letters to friends.

Fet became an ardent agronomist and did not want to hear anything about literature. Fet analyzes the reasons for the revolution, one of them, in his opinion, is that people moved away from agriculture. Writes to

1862 “Notes on civilian labor” (published in Russky Vestnik) - about how he has to deal with his name. 17 chapters (Inspection of estates; Purchase; Necessary equipment; Autumn chores; Approaching winter; Winter activities, etc.). + articles on socio-political topics; -articles on public education and upbringing (Fet is for studying ancient literature in gymnasiums/for the comprehensive development of the humanities).

80-90s . Translations: in 10 years he translates both parts of Faust, two works by Schopenhauer (“The World as Will and Idea” and “On the Fourfold Root of the Law of Sufficient Reason”), all of Horace, satires of Juvenal and Persius, poems of Catullus, elegies of Tibullus and Propertius , fifteen books of Ovid's Metamorphoses, the entire Aeneid of Virgil and epigrams of Martial. In addition, his new poems were published in separate issues under the general title “Evening Lights”.

3 volumes “My Memories” and “ Early years in my life" - everything was published during his lifetime.

Know: We were strong friends with Turgenev, but had a fight = bright pages in literature.

13.Tyutchev’s creativity

Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev was born on November 23, 1803 in the Oryol village of Ovstug on the estate of his father (a nobleman). In her adolescence she had a strong influence on T. Patriotic War= she kindled in the young man a fiery love for his homeland, which he transferred to his poems. At the age of 13 - volunteer at Moscow State University; translates a lot and writes poetry. At the age of 14 (1818) he was accepted into Society of Russian Literature Lovers, next year publishes his first poems and becomes a student in the literature department of Moscow State University,

After graduation, in 1822, Tyutchev was assigned to the Russian diplomatic mission in Munich (as a freelance attaché) and spent the next 20-odd years in Western European countries. He meets Schelling, Heine and marries Elionora Peterson (3 daughters are married, the eldest - Anna - marries Ivan Aksakov).

The steamship "Nicholas I", on which the Tyutchev family is sailing from St. Petersburg to Turin, suffers a disaster in the Baltic Sea - Turgenev, who was sailing there, helps Eleanor and the children to escape. Eleanor nevertheless dies (1838) and in 1839 Tyutchev again marries Ernestina Dernberg. In 1839, T.'s diplomatic activities were interrupted, but he remained abroad. Nicholas I supported T.'s initiatives in creating a positive image of Russia in the West. Article "Letter to Mr. Dr. Kolb"(“Russia and Germany”; 1844). Tyutchev returned to Russia in 1844.

According to Yu. Lotman Tyutchev's creativity (400 poems) can be divided for three periods:

1st period- initial, 1810s - early 1820s, when Tyutchev creates his youthful poems, archaic in style and close to the poetry of the 18th century. The merging of everything together: love, philosophy, and nature. T.'s poetry never develops in the form of rational, speculative thought.

2nd period- second half of the 1820s - 1840s, starting with the poem “Glimmer”, the features of his original poetics are already noticeable in Tyutchev’s work. This is a fusion of Russian odic poetry of the 18th century and the tradition of European romanticism. Themes of love and nature are still relevant, but something disturbing is woven into them. This alarming beginning is expressed with different accents and colors, in particular, in poems about wandering.

3rd period- 1850s - early 1870s. This period is separated from the previous one by the decade of the 1840s, when Tyutchev wrote almost no poetry. During this period, numerous political poems, poems “for the occasion” and the poignant “Denisiev cycle” were created. Magazine "Contemporary".

T. did not care about publishing his works. The first large group of his poems was published through I. S. Gagarin in 1836-37. in Pushkin's Sovremennik - “Poems sent from Germany.” The second major publication - in 1854 - was also associated with Sovremennik, prepared by I. S. Turgenev. The last lifetime edition of the collection was 1868.

Nature theme. It appears in the 20s. Poem “Spring. Dedicated to friends” (“The love of the earth and the charm of the year...”, 1821 - pp. 57-58) - traditional conventional poetic manner and very light harmonic tones. “Evening” (“How quietly it blows over the valley...”, 1829 - p. 73) - convention has been overcome; a very lyrical, harmonious sketch of a bright evening. By 1828 they include “ Spring thunderstorm"("I love a thunderstorm at the beginning of May..." - P. 77), "Summer Evening" ("The sun is already a hot ball..." - P. 78-79), etc. Already here there is the spirituality characteristic of T. nature, its humanization, as well as for the 20s. - bold, unusual likenesses (sun). “The Enchantress of Winter...” (1852; p. 185) also adjoins here. Road motive. The poem “The Wanderer” is a road and not at all metaphorical. The poem contains the idea of ​​unity (Zeus is a wanderer) and the unity of diversity, not monotony. Mobile for the wanderer, this world is “motionless” for Zeus. But this world is rich in its diversity, the connection of everything: the unity of a connected world, where all its contrasts are united into one whole .

Love lyrics.

1824 Munich. Infatuation with Baroness Amalia Krüdener. She is 16 years old, T. is 24 years old. ( "I met you..."). 1826 T. married out of passionate love Emilia-Eleanor Peterson, she caught a cold and died. In 1848, T. dedicated a poem to his first wife: “I am still languishing with the longing of desires, / I am still striving for you with my soul). And marriage with his second wife. 1850 T. meets Elena Denisieva. This romance - central to his heartfelt life - lasted 14 years (they had a daughter and two sons, only son Fedor Fedorovich survived). The novel took place in very difficult conditions. Ernestina (T.'s second wife) behaved generously and did not show that she knew anything. Poems dedicated to Denisyeva cycle around two dates: 1851-52. (ostracism) and 1864 (death) and form a lyrical novel in his work.

T. died on July 15, 1873, and back in April, shackled by a dying illness, he created the wonderful poem “Insomnia.” In 1868, the second - and last - book of the poet was published.

Born in 1820 on the Novoselki estate in Mtsensk district. The exact date is unknown (October 29, November 23, November 29).


1834-1844 - study at Moscow University. Friendship with Apollon Grigoriev. Passion for poetry.


1840 -Creative debut - the first book “Lyrical Pantheon” (1840), poems on the pages of the magazines “Moskvityanin” and “Domestic Notes”. Admiring reviews of the works of Fet N.V. Gogol, V.G. Belinsky and Ap. Grigorieva.


1843 - publication in the magazine “Otechestvennye zapiski” of a poem, which was Fet’s poetic declaration, “I came to you with greetings...”.


1850 (changes in 1856) - poem “Whisper, timid breathing...”. Publication of the second collection of poetry. 


1853 - beginning of collaboration with the Sovremennik magazine.


1856 - publication of a collection of poems prepared by I. S. Turgenev.


1857 - marriage to M. P. Botkina.

1858 - retires without achieving the title of nobility.

1859 - break with the Sovremennik magazine. Complicated relations with the editors of other magazines.


1863 - two-volume collection of poems - the result of 25 years of creative activity.

Prose works of Fet. WITH 1862 to 1871. Fet’s two largest prose cycles were published in the magazines “Russian Messenger”, “Zarya” and others: “From the Village”, “Notes on Voluntary Labor”. This is “village” prose: the cycles consist of stories, essays, and short stories. The main meaning of the prose is the “defense” of one’s landowner’s economy and the affirmation of the idea of ​​​​the advantage of civilian labor.


1873 - the noble surname Shenshin was returned to the poet. Fet remains as a pseudonym.

80s - four collections of “Evening Lights” (1883, 1885, 1888, 1891).
 Final stage poetic creativity of Fet (1870–1892). “On an evening so golden and clear...” (1886), “With one push, drive away a living boat...” (1887), “Never” (1879), “The azure night looks at the mown meadow...” (1892), etc.

If earlier the poet found “spiritual peace and pleasure” in his poems, now it worries and torments him.

All the lyrics of these collections are permeated with the feeling that the world is, as it were, “falling apart, having lost its “harmony.” More and more anxiety, pain and confusion appear in Fet’s poems.


A. A. Fet - poet of “pure art”

Fet constantly emphasized that poetry should not be connected with life, and the poet should not interfere in the everyday affairs of, as he put it, the “poor world.”

So the questions public life in his poems he did not touch upon. Fet “could never understand that art was interested in anything other than beauty,” and acted as a defender of “pure art.” (like his like-minded people in their views on art: V. P. Botkin, A. V. Druzhinin, Ya. P. Polonsky, A. N. Maikov, etc.). The poet sought to contrast art with reality. Turning away from the tragic sides of reality, from those questions that painfully worried his contemporaries, Fet limited his poetry to three themes: nature, love, art. The poet wrote:

Inevitably, Into the world of aspirations,

Passionately, tenderly

Hope and prayers;

Feeling the joy without effort

With the splash of wings I don't want

Fly into your battles.

Fet's poetry is a poetry of hints, guesses, omissions. His poems are lyrical miniatures, with the help of which he conveys “the subtle experiences of a person organically connected with nature.”

The themes of Fet's lyrical poems are not very diverse. They reflected, perhaps, only two themes: the love of a woman and the beauty of nature. Fet's poetry, not so broad in subject matter, is unusually rich in various shades of feeling, emotional states. 


Fet's lyrics are characterized by impressionism (from the French impersion - impression). This is a special quality of an artistic style, which is characterized by associative images, the desire to convey primordial impressions, fleeting sensations, “instant snapshots of memory” that form a coherent and psychologically reliable poetic picture.

Often the entire poem is built on the instability of meanings, on the development of associations (“A fire blazes in the garden with the bright sun…”, “Whisper, timid breathing…”, “The night shone. The garden was full of the moon…”). In the poem “Lounging on the armchair, I look at the ceiling...” a whole series of associations are strung on top of each other: a circle from a lamp on the ceiling, spinning slightly, evokes an association with rooks circling over the garden, which, in turn, evokes memories of parting with a beloved woman .

 The poet uses musical means to influence the reader. For each poem, Fet finds an individual rhythmic pattern, using unusual combinations of long and short lines (“The garden is all in bloom, / The evening is on fire, / It’s so refreshing and joyful for me!”), sound repetitions based on assonances and consonances (in the poem “ Whisper, timid breathing..." assonances in -a: nightingale - stream - end - face - amber - dawn), various sizes, among which the three-syllable ones stand out, perfectly fitting into the tradition of romances (“At dawn, don’t wake her up...”, written in anapest). It is no coincidence that many of Fet’s poems were set to music.


Fet's creative path begins in his first year at Moscow University, he starts a separate notebook where he writes down his poems. Later this notebook gets to Gogol, and he says that Fet is clearly talented. Also there he published his first collection of poetry called “Lyrical Pantheon” 1843 (published with the help of Apollo Grigoriev). True, this collection does not bring him much success, but it inspires him to further create poetry (it begins to be published in Moskvityanin (from 1841) and Otechestvennye zapiski (from 1842)). In 1844, he learns about the death of his mother and grandfather (Peter Neofitovich), who was supposed to leave him an inheritance. But Fet lost his inheritance, and he began to have financial problems. He enters the service. In 1847, he went on vacation to Moscow, where he began writing his second collection, but he was able to finish it only in 1849. Unlike the previous collection, this one is gaining greater popularity. It was published in 1850. Fet published his next collection of poems in 1856, and he, like the second, had great success. A.V. especially noted and admired him. Druzhinin. One can say about Fet’s poetry that it seems to always be in the same spatial coordinates. These are the coordinates of a cultural, tamed world, set against the backdrop of nature. Thus, the nature and tension of Fet’s lyrical experience depend on the state of nature (“ Wonderful picture..."). Fet has well-developed love lyrics, especially in the early period of his work (“I came to you with greetings...”, “Whisper, timid breathing...”). In Fet’s later lyrics, philosophical motifs predominate (“Alter ego”, “Death”). Another feature of his lyrics is that his early poems cannot be compared with later works, since the perception of the world remains the same. In this sense, Fet is a poet, not destroyed by time, whole from the beginning of his work to the end.

Life and work of A. A. Fet

Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet (1820–1892)- an outstanding 19th century lyric poet, publicist and translator. His poems were admired by N. Nekrasov and I. Turgenev, L. Tolstoy and N. Shchedrin*; A. Blok considered Fet his teacher.

Start life path A. A. Feta

Fet's mother, Caroline Charlotte Fet, left Germany in 1820 with the Russian nobleman A. N. Shenshin. Soon Afanasy was born, whom Shenshin adopted. The real father of the future poet, Johann Vöth, was an official who served in the Darmstadt court. For these reasons, the Oryol spiritual consistory excommunicated the future poet from the Shenshin family. The last name was also taken away.

The poet sets a goal - to return to the noble fold of the Shenshins - and achieves it with fantastic tenacity: in 1873, with the permission of Alexander II, Fet became a nobleman Shenshin.

Education. He studied at a German boarding school in the town of Verreaux and began writing poetry. Fet graduated from Moscow University (literature department) in 1844. He did not hide his poetic passion; on the contrary, he strove to gain popularity.

Main stages creative biography A. A. Feta

Creative debut- the first book “Lyrical Pantheon” (1840), poems on the pages of the magazines “Moskvityanin” and “Otechestvennye zapiski”. Admiring reviews of the works of Fet N.V. Gogol, V.G. Belinsky and Ap. Grigorieva.

Military service.(The goal is to return the noble title and surname). The poet subordinates military service in the Kherson province to training the will and developing unshakable perseverance to “instantly achieve the goal by the shortest route.”

A series of poems about love.“In a soul tormented by years...”, “You have suffered, I still suffer...”, “The sun’s ray between the linden trees was both burning and high...”, “I don’t see your imperishable beauty...”, “For a long time I dreamed of the cries of your sobs... "etc.

The poet dedicated most of his poems about love to his beloved Maria Lazic, whom he met in 1848. But Fet did not marry the girl, since he saw marriage as “a significant obstacle to career advancement.” The poet had no idea that after Maria’s death, when he reached fame and all the heights of prosperity, the unexpected would happen: he would begin to rush from the happy present to the past, in which his beloved girl remained forever.

The predominant tone of Fet's love lyrics is tragic.

Poems about nature. The collection “Evening Lights” is an extraordinary creative rise of A. A. Fet.

A cycle of poems about nature: “Spring”, “Summer”, “Autumn”, “Snow”, “Sea”. Dissolving into natural world, plunging into its most mysterious depths, lyrical hero Feta gains the ability to see the beautiful soul of nature.

Expressive reading of poems about nature.

Prose works of Fet. From 1862 to 1871 Fet’s two largest prose cycles were published in the magazines “Russian Messenger”, “Zarya” and others: “From the Village”, “Notes on Voluntary Labor”. This is “village” prose: the cycles consist of stories, essays, and short stories. The main meaning of the prose is the “defense” of one’s landowner’s economy and the affirmation of the idea of ​​​​the advantage of civilian labor. (Fet bought the Stepanovka estate in the Oryol province, then the Vorobyovka estate in the Kursk province, acquired a large house in Moscow, and became a prudent owner and businessman.)

Fet's poetry and prose are artistic antipodes. According to Fet, prose is the language of everyday life, and poetry is life human soul and nature.

The final stage of Fet's poetic creativity(1870–1892). “On an evening so golden and clear...” (1886), “With one push, drive away a living boat...” (1887), “Never” (1879), “The azure night looks at the mown meadow...” (1892), etc.

If earlier the poet found “spiritual peace and pleasure” in his poems, now it worries and torments him.

Four collections “Evening Lights” (1883, 1885, 1888, 1891). All the lyrics of these collections are permeated with the feeling that the world is, as it were, “falling apart, having lost its “harmony.” More and more anxiety, pain and confusion appear in Fet’s poems.

Fet's translation activities. Translates poems by ancient poets, Goethe, Schiller, Heine, Byron, Shakespeare's tragedies, etc. In translations he strives for accuracy. “Of course, I translate literally,” writes Fet in a letter to V.S. Solovyov.