Addition table within 10. How to teach a child to count? Teachers advise

Good afternoon, dear readers! How much effort adults have to make to teach a child to count within 10 and 20. And not only count, but also solve examples, subtract and add! At the same time, this is not as difficult as it seems at first glance. We offer you non-standard game methods on how to teach a child to count examples within 20.

Where to begin?

Stage 2

If you have learned to count, get acquainted with the graphic representation of numbers. For this purpose, we use cubes with numerical images, cards.

Stage 3

The next step is very important: it prepares the basis for quick mental counting. This is the study of the composition of numbers. If the baby is firmly aware of how the numbers are laid out, he will easily solve examples for addition and subtraction.

The study of the composition of the number is traditionally carried out using the so-called "houses". Draw a house on a piece of paper. On one "floor" there are always 2 cell rooms. The number of storeys of the house is determined depending on the number of numerical pairs into which the figure can be decomposed.

For example, 4 can be decomposed into 3 and 1, 2 and 2. So the number 4 lives in a two-story house, and so on. We will write it on the roof. The example clearly shows how to correctly compose houses for the numbers 3, 4 and 5.

The resettlement of "tenants" on the floors of the child will have to memorize. Start with small numbers. Ask the baby to carefully look at who lives with which neighbor, and then “populate” the numbers on their own.

When the two and three are mastered, move on to more complex numbers. This technique gives the most solid results. Proven in my own experience.

Here you can download such a table and use it to master the technique of number composition:

Stage 4

When the houses were completed, it was the turn of examples within 10. In the first grade, these examples will have to be solved in the first half, so it's better to prepare in advance. Now it remains only to put + or - signs between the “settlers”, having previously explained their purpose to the baby.

First, present addition or subtraction in the form of a game. For example, one left the floor from the four. Which of the neighbors will stay on the floor? Answer: three. Such exercises will help the crumbs quickly get used to mathematical examples. Gradually, the words “left”, “came” are changed to “plus” and “minus”.

So we mastered the count with the child within 10. As you can see, the technique is very simple, but it takes time and patience to work. Try to force the baby to first count in the mind: written exercises slow down thinking.

Along the way, train the concepts of “more-less” (first use the objects, spreading them on different sides, then compare the numbers), neighbors of the number (write a series of numbers with missing numbers and ask the baby to complete the series by correctly placing the neighbors).

Go ahead…

It's time to introduce the baby to the second ten. To overcome arithmetic difficulties, we propose the following lesson algorithm:

Part 1

We introduce the concept of ten. To do this, lay out 10 cubes in front of the child and add one more. We explain that it is eleven. We are talking about the fact that the end of the word "twenty" means "ten". To form a number from 11 to 19, you just need to add a number to the ending "twenty" and put the preposition "on" between them.

Part 2

Since the baby is already familiar with the concept of ten, we introduce the category of units and, when adding, we operate with these concepts. For example, 13+5. We add the units first: 3+5=8. Now add the remaining ten and get 18.

Part 3

Now let's move on to the negative examples: we act in the same way. Subtract ones, then add ten.

Part 4

The most difficult stage is subtraction, in which the first unit is less than the second: 13-6. In this example, we cannot subtract six from 3. You have to deal with ten. One of the ways is to subtract three from six, subtract the remaining number from ten, i.e. 6-3=3, 10-3=7. After a few workouts, the kid will be able to subtract in his mind.

The child must clearly master the skills described: in grade 2, he will need this to solve examples with two-digit numbers.

To brighten up the learning process, you can attract various aids:

• cubes;
• magnets;
• pictures (training with pictures is especially diverse: you can simply count them, use coloring pages with examples to consolidate counting skills);
• any items at hand;
• counting sticks;
• abacus, etc.

The more you show imagination, the sooner you will interest the child in mathematics.

We have examined the sequence of teaching crumbs to solve examples within 20 in stages. If the article was useful to you, leave a comment or share the article with your friends on social networks. networks.

See you soon, dear friends!

First stage. We do not use number notation

The primary task is to teach to count to 10 , n using the appropriate numbers. Actions with objects come to the fore. For example, there was one spoon, they put another one - there were two spoons. Then you can increase the number of spoons, saying the name of the number.

Practical tasks will help in solving this problem. For example, more often ask a child about the amount of something: how many plates, how many slippers, how many birds are on that branch. You can count anything, even stairs.

Second phase. Getting to know the numbers.

In the first grade, the number 1, 2, 0 is first studied, and then 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. The position of zero is due to the fact that at first it is difficult for the student to understand why emptiness is indicated by a number. And then, when actions with numbers are already being practiced, it becomes clear why zero is needed. For example, there were five apples on the table, five were eaten. Remaining - nothing, that is, zero.

Another option: These drawings are shown, and the teacher asks the children: “What has changed?”. They will note: "Nothing."

The second sample shows that if three points are completely removed from one square, then there will be an empty square and there will be no points left at all.

The main rule that children should understand when counting to ten is that each number is less than the next one by one and more than the last number by one.

Techniques for learning to count up to ten:

• Steam train game. A common practice for memorizing numbers in first grade. One student comes out in front of the class, he says that he is the first carriage. After that, another one comes out and says: one and one more will be two. And so it goes until ten. Then the operation is done in reverse order. The wagons "disintegrate" one by one. The purpose of this exercise is to memorize the order of numbers in forward and reverse order.
• Line display. This is an outdated method based on rote memorization and visual proof of the order of numbers.
• Counting on fingers. Traditional and easiest for kids. Can be used at first until the child is in order of numbers. Then it is necessary to wean from the fingers, telling the "secrets" of the transformations of numbers.

• Using funny poems and cartoons about numbers. It will be interesting to watch the cartoon "How the goat learned to count" or pronounce counting rhymes.

Memory poems for learning counting

berry bill

A fox walked along the edge:
- Once, in a basket of strawberries,
Two - like blueberries in the sky,
Three - ruddy lingonberries,
And four - that's cloudberries,
Five - a little currant,
Six - like a viburnum bead,
Seven - like the sun rowan,
Eight - in the foot of a blackberry,
Nine is blueberry
Ten is a juicy raspberry.
Here is the full basket!

One hand, two hand
We're making a snowman!
Three - four, three - four,
Let's draw a wider mouth!
Five - find a carrot for the nose,
We will find coals for the eyes.
Six - put on a hat askew.
Let him laugh with us.
Seven and eight, seven and eight
We will ask him to dance.
Nine - ten - snowman
Over the head - somersault!
Well, the circus!

Let the fingers go for a walk
And the second to catch up
Third fingers run
And the fourth on foot
Fifth finger jumped
And at the end of the road he fell.

• Game "Name the neighbors of the number". For example, you need to name the neighbors of the number 4.
• Exercise "The numbers got lost". It is necessary to arrange in order randomly arranged pictures with numbers. There is another interpretation of this exercise: Baba Yaga mixed up all the numbers. Help me arrange them correctly.

• Under the fence, 10 paws of chickens were visible. Question: How many chickens are there? - Counting in twos: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 - five chickens.
• How many boots should be given to three goslings? Similar to the previous problem.
• It is most convenient to count by fives by watching the clock.

How to learn the table of addition and subtraction within ten?

After the child knows the order of numbers, it is useful to apply tasks on the composition of the number. You can, of course, memorize the composition of the number 5, for example, but it is better to use game actions with objects with a parallel setting for memorization.

For example:

There were 4 oranges in one plate and 2 in the other. How many oranges are there? (Problem to find the sum)

Only 6 apples, and three friends. Divide each equally, equally.

You can also combine simple tasks with small schemes that are easy to apply in the classroom and at home.

It is not difficult to give an example of the commutative law of addition: one plate with two apples lies on the table, and another plate with four apples lies side by side, if you swap them, the total number of apples will still remain unchanged.

How to teach a child to add and subtract with the transition through a dozen?

In the example below, to add the numbers 8 and 5, the second term is expanded to complete the first term to ten, and then the remainder is added to ten.

As for the subtraction, then the reduced is decomposed according to the bit composition. In the example of 15 minus 8, we see that the number 15 is decomposed to its bit units. As a result, you always get 10 and bit units - 5. Now: the subtrahend must be decomposed into terms. The first term will be bit units from 15, and the second term is selected (children know the composition of the number 8). Now it remains from 10 to subtract the second term from the eight. And the answer is ready. With a little practice, it will be easy to solve such examples in your mind.

Addition and subtraction tables are used to teach children to count or to test their skills in addition and subtraction. These two tasks use different tables. Both versions of the tables can be downloaded and printed on this page

Addition table up to 20 print and download

The addition table is used to teach children. The vertical leftmost column and the horizontal top row are summands. In order to add two numbers, you need to find them in a vertical column and in a horizontal row. The intersection forms the sum of these two terms. For example, as shown in the figure below, 6 + 5 = 11.

You can print the addition table up to 20 in Word or PDF format. If you need an addition table up to 10, it can be easily done by deleting unnecessary cells in the Word format. If you need an addition table more than up to 20, then you can download the addition table in Excel format and add the necessary columns and rows by copying.

Subtraction table up to 20 print and download

The subtraction table uses the same addition table that can be printed above. Suppose we need to solve the example 14 - 8 = 6. Using the subtraction table, we find in the table field a diagonal with a decreasing 14. In the figure below, this diagonal is highlighted in light green. We select the number 14 on this diagonal, which is opposite the subtracted 8. The resulting number 6 in the top row is the answer.

As you can see, the same addition and subtraction table is used for addition and subtraction, which you can print or download from the links above in different formats.

Subtraction table without answers print and download

Preparing for the game - settings

1. Any parameters and settings can be changed at any time, even during the game.
2. Initially the game is set up like this:
   • Calculation type - Add up to 10
   • Award 1- chocolate, premium 2- cookie
   • In game session 10 calculations (arithmetic examples)
   • Percentage of examples that need to be solved correctly to receive Prize 1 - 90%
   • Percentage of examples that need to be solved correctly to receive Prize 2 - 70%
3. You can choose any other type of calculation - depending on what the child knows and what is happening at school in this moment. Types of calculations in the game:
   • Addition, subtraction, addition and subtraction (mixed):
     • To 10
     • up to 20 (with the transition through the ten)
     • Up to 20 (with and without the transition through the ten)
     • up to 30
     • Up to 100
   • Multiplication, division or any combination -by 1, -by 2, -by 3.......etc. up to 10
   • Number Comparison
4. Set how many examples will be in the game session. It is better to start with a small number of attempts - 5 or 10, so as not to discourage the child from continuing the game. When the child increases milk production :) improves performance, you can move on to a serious game with 100-200 examples.
5. Enter the percentage of correctly solved examples for which 1 and 2 awards are given. For starters, it is better to lower the percentage. For example, choose 70 and 50 percent for premiums 1 and 2, respectively. Later, the rates can be increased to 90 - 70. Or even up to 98% - 95% for absolutely terribly smart children :). Enter only numbers, without the % sign!
6. Write down the prizes that the child will receive for 1st and 2nd place.
7. The settings will be saved using a cookie (small script) and restored the next time you open the game page in your browser.

Now you can start the game!

1. To start the game, press the START button
2. When an example appears on the screen, the child must enter the answer after the "=" sign
3. If we play "comparisons", you need to enter the appropriate sign: . To do this, it is most convenient to use the buttons that will appear next to the NEXT button.
4. After the result is entered, you need to press the OK button (or ENTER on the keyboard) to check if the example was solved correctly.
5. If the example was solved correctly, "Correct" will appear on the screen. If not, "Incorrect" and the correct answer. At the same time, the game will calculate the percentage of correctly solved examples
6. To go to the next example, you need to click the NEXT button
7. When the session ends, the screen will display the prize that the child won (or "won nothing") and the percentage of examples correctly solved for the session
8. To start a new session, click the START OVER button.

Big hopes:)

What can you expect from this game? Great help in passing the school curriculum! As a rule, in 5-7 days, in which the child plays for 30-40 minutes, he firmly masters the next type of calculation (for example, addition to 20 with a transition through the ten). And practically ceases to make mistakes in the class.