home / Success stories/ It was a cool, foggy hour of dawn oge. Nikitin Sergey Konstantinovich

It was a cool, foggy hour of dawn. Nikitin Sergey Konstantinovich

Sections: Russian language

OPTION No. 1.

Part 2.

(1) Both times my path lay along Klyazma. (2) His choice was natural for me. (3) Who, who grew up on any river, was not attracted by it down to its unknown bends, rifts and reaches! (4) I remember my naive childhood:

(5) I have seen many Russian rivers and not at all from the bias of a native I can say that the Klyazma with its tributaries Kirzhach, Peksha, Vorsha, Koloksha, Nerlya, Sudogda, Nerekhta, Uvodya, Teza, Lukh, Suvoroshcha and other smaller ones is one of the most beautiful river basins of Central Russia. (6) All these rivers and rivulets are not alike; one runs, transparent to the bottom, icy in summer and non-freezing in winter; the other slowly, barely noticeably drags its green water through the reeds and dark holes; the third rushes through the dark sands, through the forest rubble in a yellow-brown foamy, whirlpool stream:

(7) I have long noticed that the river near which a person grew up leaves a peculiar imprint on his character. (8) Volga residents and Donchak people, Dnieper and Ural residents, Klyazma and Desnin residents even squint their eyes differently. (9) And if we talk about Klyazma, then I would say that she weaves into a person’s character some kind of lyrical-melancholic vein that begins to gently vibrate from contact with nature, even in some desperate Kovrov ushkuynik, who, as you know, himself damn not brother.

(10) What is the cause of this? (11) Slow dawns in pink fog, windy afternoons with piles of golden-blue clouds on the horizon, the cry of a quail in the rye on a pale July evening, or iridescent stars in the black gap of the August sky?..

(12) All these features are, perhaps, found in other rivers, but each of them has its own, unique power, which you go figure out and name.

(13) I could talk endlessly about the Klyazma, crossing the Vladimir region from west to east, because it crossed my whole life, but only in the opposite direction - from boyish fishing for an unpretentious bleak to reserved thoughts on its shore in the now gray already in the head.

(According to S.K. Nikitin)

Sergei Konstantinovich Nikitin is a Vladimir writer of the twentieth century, the author of many short stories and novellas: “Bonfire in the Wind,” “Bitter Berry,” “Falling Star.”

A 1. Which answer option contains the information necessary to substantiate the answer to the question: “Why could the author talk about Klyazma endlessly?”

1) It’s good to fish on Klyazma.

2) There is a fast flow of water on Klyazma.

3) Klyazma “crossed my whole life, but only in the opposite direction - from boyish fishing trips: to sacred thoughts on its shore:”

4) "Klyazma crosses Vladimir region from west to east."

A 2. Indicate the meaning of the word “crossed” (sentence 13).

1) associated with memories

2) went from one edge to the other

3) cut across

4) lasted throughout my life

A 3. Indicate a sentence in which the means of expressive speech is personification.

1) I remember my naive childhood.

2) All these rivers and rivulets are not alike; one runs transparent to the bottom, icy in summer and non-freezing in winter:

3) Volga and Donchak, Dnieper and Ural residents, Klyazma and Desnin residents even squint their eyes differently.

4) I could talk endlessly about Klyazma, which crosses the Vladimir region from west to east:

1) The word “down” (sentence 1) ends with the sound [s].

2) In the word “river” (sentence 2) all consonants represent soft sounds.

3) The word “pleosam” (sentence 3) has more sounds than letters.

4) The word “her” (sentence 13) has 2 letters and 4 sounds.

1) grown up

4) beautiful

A 6. Indicate the word in which the spelling of the prefix is determined by the rule: “If a prefix is followed by a voiceless consonant, then C is written at the end of it.”

1) infinitely

2) conversation

3) reserved

4) bend

A 7. Indicate the word, the spelling of the suffix in which is determined by the rule: “As many Ns are written in an adverb as were in the word from which it was formed.”

1) unknown

2) unexpectedly

3) cold

4) peculiar

Q 1. Replace the bookish word “reserved” in sentence 13 with a stylistically neutral synonym. Write this synonym.

B 2. Replace the phrase “boy fishing” (sentence 13), built on the basis of agreement, with a synonymous phrase with the connection management. Write the resulting phrase.

Q 3. Write down the grammatical basis of sentence 2.

Q 4. Among sentences 1 - 3, find a sentence with a separate definition, expressed by a participial phrase. Write the number of this offer.

All these features are, (1) perhaps, (2) other rivers, (3) but there are, (4) each of them has its own, (5) its own inherent power, (6) which go and figure out name it.

Q 6. Indicate the number of grammatical bases in sentence 5. Write the answer in numbers.

Q 7. In the sentence below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas between parts of a complex sentence connected by a subordinate connection.

I have long noticed (1) that the river, (2) near which a person grew up, (3) leaves a peculiar imprint on his character.

Q 9. Among sentences 1 - 4, find a complex sentence with consistent submission subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

OPTION No. 2.

(1) It was a cool, foggy hour of dawn. (2) The road went through damp bushes; the dark water of the swamps shone through them; the log roads swayed and bounced underfoot. (3) I passed the village of Simbirka, surrounded by rye fields, and in front of me, majestic and austere, stood a pine forest. (4) Along the sides of the sandy roads, faint flowers were still visible here and there, but soon they too disappeared, giving way to gray mosses, rusty pine needles and hard, like tin, blueberries.

(5) The forest swallowed me up. (6) I got wrapped up in it, lost my way, ate crackers, blueberries, wild raspberries, drank from streams, and when tired, I lay down in the dry deep moss and watched how the wind crumpled the clouds and how the bronze-red ones fell, fell and could not fall. pine trunks.

(7) It was already evening when I sat under a withered pine tree. (8) The yellow rays of the setting sun slanted through the forest, full of that inexpressible peace that helps you feel it without yourself, that is, as it stands on its own, not perceived by anyone’s eye or ear.

(9) The dead tree above me was dropping dry husks from its branches.

(10) “The tree falls, but the forest stands,” I remembered the saying of a familiar forest crawler, Fedya.

(11) Fedya loved the forest selflessly. (12) “Treelessness is an unsuitable estate,” he said in the dry season of summer, when there was a hot, resinous stuffiness in the red forests, and dried moss crackled in the swamps, and with genuine owner’s concern he sniffed the wind to see if it was causing burning. (13) He so firmly united his soul with the forest that he decided through it the most difficult questions human existence. (14) These revelations, apparently, appeared to him without any effort of thought, as a result of an instant and involuntary generalization of experience, and were expressed in proverbs, as every folk wisdom. (15) Probably dozens of times he felled a rotten birch trunk with a light touch, saw the rusty crown of a drying pine and finally concluded: the tree falls, but the forest stands.

(16) But, as always, in a proverb the meaning of words outgrew their literal meaning, and in this case, in Fedin’s way, it expressed the idea that a person alone is mortal, but in a mass he is eternal. (17) Whatever the path, one must reach it, because if a person were not protected by the latent consciousness of existence, he could not survive even the thought of death - of his terrible tragedy, of millions of years rapidly sliding in the universe .

(According to S.K. Nikitin “Lukhskoye Polesie”)

Sergei Konstantinovich Nikitin - Vladimir writer of the twentieth century, author of many stories and stories about nature, common man for whom work is happiness and joy.

A 1. Which answer option contains the information necessary to substantiate the answer to the question: “What did the forest mean to the tracker Fedya?”

1) “The tree falls, but the forest stands,” I remembered the saying of a familiar forest crawler, Fedya.

2) “Fedya loved the forest selflessly.”

3) “He so firmly connected his soul with the forest that through it he resolved the most difficult issues of human existence.”

4) “Treelessness is not a pleasant estate,” he said even in the dry season of summer, when there was a hot, resinous stuffiness in the red forest: “

A 2. Indicate the meaning of the word “absorb” (sentence 5)

1) fascinated by beauty

2) got lost in the forest

3) pulled into the thicket

4) surrounded by trees

A 3. Indicate a sentence in which the means of expressive speech is comparison.

1) “It was already evening when I sat under the withered pine tree”

2) “Fedya loved the forest selflessly.”

3) “On the sides of the sandy roads, faint flowers were still visible here and there, but soon they too disappeared, giving way to damp mosses, rusty pine needles and hard, like tin, blueberries.”

4) “I got wrapped up in it, lost my way, ate crackers, wild raspberries, drank from streams:”

A 4. Indicate the erroneous judgment.

1) The word “through” (sentence 2) ends with the sound [s “].

2) In the word “faint” (sentence 4) the number of letters coincides with the number of sounds.

3) In the word “more” (sentence 4), the first letter “e” denotes two sounds.

4) The word “forest” (sentence 6) has more sounds than letters.

A 5. Indicate a word with an alternating unstressed vowel at the root.

1) touch

2) pine

3) swayed

4) got wrapped up

A 6. Indicate the word in which the spelling of the prefix is determined by the rule: “If a prefix is followed by a voiced consonant, then “Z” is written at the end of it.

1) dawn

2) selflessly

3) anxiety

A 7. Indicate the word whose spelling is determined by the rule: “Two N are written in adjectives formed with the suffix N from nouns with a stem in N.”

1) majestic

2) foggy

3) instant

4) surrounded

Q 1. Replace the bookish word “passed” in sentence 3 with a stylistically neutral synonym. Write this synonym.

B 2. Replace the phrase “rye fields” (sentence 3), built on the basis of agreement, with a synonymous phrase with the connection management. Write the resulting phrase.

Q 3. Write down the grammatical basis of sentence 9.

Q 4. Among sentences 1-4, find a sentence with a separate circumstance, expressed by an adverbial phrase. Write the number of this offer.

Q 5. In the sentence below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas in the introductory word.

These revelations (1) apparently, (2) appeared to him without any effort of thought, (3) as a result of an instant and involuntary generalization of experience and were expressed in proverbs, (4) as all folk wisdom has been expressed since ancient times.

Q 6. Indicate the number of grammatical bases in sentence 2. Write the answer in numbers.

Q 7. In the sentence below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas between parts of a complex sentence connected by a coordinating connection.

Along the sides of the sandy roads, faint flowers were still visible here and there, (1) but soon they too disappeared, (2) giving way to gray mosses, (3) rusty pine needles and hard, (4) tin-like, (5) blueberries.

Q 8. Among sentences 1 - 4, find a complex sentence with a non-union connection. Write the number of this offer.

Q 9. Among sentences 1 - 6, find a complex sentence with a homogeneous subordinating connection. Write the number of this offer.

OPTION 3.

PART 2.

(1) I associate with the gentle, seemingly slightly seething name of this river one of the highest pleasures of beauty that I have ever experienced. (2) Not far from its confluence with the Klyazma River near the village of Bogolyubov stands the ancient Church of the Intercession - a miracle of Russian architectural mastery. (3) It always seems to me that it was created without the help of hands, only by inspiration, equal to the magical power of fairy-tale wizards. (4) There is something incomprehensible in it, acting not on the eye, but on the soul, which begins to somehow solemnly, sublimely and sadly languish at the sight of this white-stone poem of ancient times. (5) Anyone who has seen this temple at least once can no longer say that there were no happy moments in his life.

(6) Recently I received a letter from V.F. Bulgakov from Yasnaya Polyana, which contains the following words: (7) “: Don’t you envy me that I live in Yasnaya Polyana?

(8) I, in turn, envy you that you live in ancient Vladimir, close to the beautiful Uspensky and Dmitrievsky Cathedrals. Near the temple - the dream and the white swan - the Church of the Intercession - on - the Nerl.

(9) Forty years ago I visited Vladimir, went on foot to Suzdal, spent the night on stone slabs in the gatehouse of the Spaso-Evfimievsky Monastery, visited the prison for sectarians in which Pobedonostsev was going to imprison Leo Tolstoy, and experienced a feeling of extraordinary charm. Admiring an architectural masterpiece abandoned in Russian fields: the church on the Nerl.

(10) Many, many times later, over the course of a long life, in different conditions, in palaces and prisons, a wonderful temple arose in my imagination and memory, and this vision was always accompanied by

high, detached from everything worldly, and with a blissful feeling.

(11) Only the highest works of art can act this way.

(12) Greetings to you and old Vladimir! (13) If the opportunity arises, please greet the temple on the Nerl from me!”

(14) I always treat such requests, of which there are many, with attention and respect, and when I am on the Nerl, I do not forget to bow to the walls of the illustrious temple on behalf of those who ask for it. (15) And I myself will always be elevated above everyday adversity by the singing harmony of its outlines.

(16) Blessed is the Russian river, carrying on its waters this wondrous “white swan”.

(S.K. Nikitin "Nerl").

Sergei Konstantinovich Nikitin is a Vladimir prose writer of the twentieth century, the author of many novels and stories about ordinary people and the nature of their native land.

A 1. Which answer option contains the information necessary to substantiate the question: “Why did the author include words from V.F. Bulgakov’s letter in the text?”

1) report that V.F. Bulgakov lives in Yasnaya Polyana;

2) include memories that Bulgakov was in Vladimir and Suzdal;

3) express Bulgakov’s impressions of the temple on the Nerl he saw - “only the highest works of art can act this way”;

4) convey Bulgakov’s greetings.

A 2. Indicate in what meaning the word “imagination” is used in the text in sentence 10.

1) fantasy

2) mental representation

4) image

A 3. Indicate a sentence in which metaphor is the means of expressive speech.

1) Not far from its confluence with the Klyazma, near the village of Bogolyubov, stands the ancient Church of the Intercession - a miracle of Russian architectural craftsmanship.

2) I, in turn, envy you that you live in ancient Vladimir, close to the beautiful Assumption and Demetrius Cathedrals, close to the temple of dreams and the white swan - the Church of the Intercession - on the Nerl.

3) It always seems to me that it was created without the help of hands. Just inspiration. Equal to the magical power of fairy-tale wizards.

4) Forty years ago I visited Vladimir, went on foot to Suzdal, spent the night on stone slabs in the gatehouse of the Spaso-Evfimievsky Monastery, visited a prison for sectarians:

A 4. Indicate the erroneous judgment.

1) The word “her” (sentence 2) has two letters and 4 sounds.

2) In the word “back” (sentence 9), the letter “d” denotes a dull sound [t].

3) In the word “most” (sentence 11) the number of sounds is equal to the number of letters.

4) In the word “gentle” (sentence 1) all consonant sounds are voiced.

A 5. Indicate a word with an unpronounceable consonant at the root.

1) wonderful

2) happy

3) gatehouse

4) wonderful

A 6. In which word the spelling of the prefix is determined by the rule: “At the end of the prefix on z-s, Z is written if the root begins with a voiced consonant.”

1) rebelled

2) experienced

3) sublime

4) I envy

A 7. Indicate the word whose spelling is determined by the rule: “In short participles, N is written in the suffix”

2) beautiful

4) abandoned

Q 1. Replace the book word “visited” (sentence 9) with a neutral synonym. Write this synonym.

B 2. Replace the phrase “architectural mastery” (sentence 2), built on the basis of coordination, with a synonymous phrase with the management connection. Write the resulting phrase.

Q 3. Write down the grammatical basis of sentence 12.

Q 4. Among sentences 10 - 13, find a sentence with a separate definition.

Q 5. In the sentences below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas in the introductory word.

“Greetings to you and old Vladimir! If there is an opportunity, (1) greet, (2) please, (3) from me the temple on the Nerl!”

Q 6. Indicate the number of grammatical bases in sentence 9. Write the answer in numbers.

Q 7. In the sentences below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas between parts of a complex sentence connected by a coordinating connection.

“Many, (1) many times later during a long life, (2) in different conditions, (3) in palaces and prisons, (4) a wonderful temple arose in my imagination and memory, (5) and always this vision was accompanied by a high , (6) detached from everything worldly, (7) and a blissful feeling."

Q 8. Among sentences 14 - 16, find a complex one with parallel (heterogeneous) subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

Q 9. Among sentences 1 - 3, find a complex non-union. Write the number of this offer.

Current page: 3 (book has 5 pages in total)

Lukhskoe Polesie

It was a cool, foggy hour of dawn. The road went through damp bushes; the dark water of the swamps shone through them; the log roads swayed and bounced underfoot. I passed the village of Simbirka, surrounded by rye fields, and in front of me, majestic and austere, stood a pine forest. Along the sides of the sandy roads, faint flowers were still visible here and there, but soon they too disappeared, giving way to gray mosses, rusty pine needles and hard, like tin, blueberries.

The forest swallowed me up. I got wrapped up in it, lost my way, ate crackers, blueberries, wild raspberries, drank from streams, and when tired, I lay down in the dry deep moss and watched how the wind crumpled the clouds and how the bronze-red trunks of pine trees fell, fell and could not fall.

It was already evening when I sat under a withered pine tree. The yellow rays of the setting sun slanted through the forest, full of that inexpressible peace that helps you feel it without yourself, that is, as it stands on its own, not perceived by anyone’s eye or ear.

The dead tree above me was shedding dry husks from its branches.

“The tree falls, but the forest stands,” I remembered the saying of a familiar forest crawler, Fedya.

Fedya loved the forest selflessly. “A treeless estate is not a good place,” he said, and in the dry season of summer, when there was a hot, resinous stuffiness in the red forests, and dried moss crackled in the swamps, he sniffed the wind with genuine owner’s concern to see if it was causing fumes. He so firmly connected his soul with the forest that through it he resolved the most difficult issues of human existence. These revelations, apparently, appeared to him without any effort of thought, as a result of an instant and involuntary generalization of experience, and were expressed in proverbs, as all folk wisdom has been expressed since ancient times. Probably dozens of times he felled a rotten birch trunk with a light touch, saw the rusty crown of a drying pine and finally concluded: the tree falls, but the forest stands.

But, as always, in the proverb the meaning of the words outgrew their literal meaning, and in this case it, in Fedyna’s way, expressed the idea that alone a person is mortal, but in a mass he is eternal. By any means, one must reach it, because if a person were not protected by the latent consciousness of existence, he could not survive even the thought of death - of his terrible tragedy, of millions of years rapidly sliding in the universe.

Kschara

One of the wonders of Lukhsky woodland is Lake Kschara. According to the map, there is only one road leading to it. In fact, the entire forest was cut up by machine roads made by heavy timber trucks; These roads of varying freshness intersected, circled, branched, and, although even earlier experts had assured me that “there are signs all around,” I did not meet any signs and soon discovered that I had lost my way. Human traces were found everywhere: tire prints in some places were quite fresh; Yesterday's rain did not wash away the traces bare feet on the sand; now to the right, now to the left the distant hum of a car engine could be heard; There were whole forests of pine trees with arrow-shaped cuts, from which viscous sap dripped into iron cups, but the man himself was not there, and I could not ask anyone for directions.

Only in the evening, quite unexpectedly, through the pines, a forest lake flashed at me with the reflected light of dawn. Clean, without a single blade of grass, it lay, as if in a bowl, on the dry sandy banks and was diagonally crossed out by a sharp boundary of light and shadow. The light strip quickly narrowed, two ducks hurried behind it, plowing the crimson-lemon water, but the shadow caught up with them and covered them like a hawk's wing. The lake went dark. A bat darted over me as a harbinger of the night. On the far shore, the tops of the pine trees were still golden in the rays of the sun, but around me the entire shore with its old fire pits, slingshots, the skeleton of a hut and a half-rotten dugout had already plunged into wary semi-darkness and now looked like an ancient camp, abandoned in anticipation of trouble by a tribe that had heard an unkind rumble under earth. I was warned that three hectares of centuries-old forest had recently collapsed in these places. Now this warning completed the illusion of the abandoned camp, and everything together was so beautiful, significant and eerie, as if I were standing, like the heroes of the fantastic “Plutonia,” on the threshold of humanity’s childhood.

I decided to spend the night in the ruins of a dugout where a barrel of resin was stored. The sand on the floor was soft, but not warmed by the sun, and, waking up in the middle of the night from the cold, I left the dugout.

There was a deep, dead, lingering silence, like a whirlpool. The loneliness that I had enjoyed so much all day, like a furry paw, suddenly squeezed my heart and irresistibly pulled me towards housing, towards fire, towards people.

“Come on, is there a person alive here!” - I tried to calm down the unconscious impulse to escape with a reasonable argument.

And I couldn’t stand it, I walked around the lake at random, afraid that the circle would close, and I wouldn’t meet any nomadic fishermen, or lumberjacks, or resin collectors.

But then a dog on a chain began to struggle and wheeze in front.

A little later, against the dim background of the lake, the pointed eaves of the hut appeared, and, knocking at its door, I, as if in the middle of a book, entered into an unfamiliar human life.

This was the home of the forest patrolman Fedya.

Forest village

...I walk through gray crunchy mosses, sunny clearings, and resinous pine forests. Whether it’s day or night, I still go if I want, but if I don’t, I live where I find water to soak the bread.

One night, having estimated the distance to the forest village on the map, I trampled a small fire and walked, feeling the road with my feet, like a horse. The night birds flew silently ahead of me; the forest whispered quietly; in its dark depths a branch cracked, a pine cone fell, water gurgled.

It was already past midnight when I entered the village. There was a crowd of young people on the brightly lit dance floor, a car with groceries was unloading at the store, and some wide-awake boys were running around for some unknown reason. They escorted me to the commandant. A gray-bearded grandfather in a tunic and underpants came out when I knocked, yawned and, refusing to look at my documents, said:

- Go, sir, to the hostel and spend the night. There are plenty of free beds there.

In the hostel, a long wooden barracks-type building, there was indeed a bed. But sleep was not given to me. I tossed and turned on the creaky bed, counting to five hundred - it was all in vain. Someone coughed for a long time in the corner and finally asked hoarsely:

-Can't sleep, comrade?

- Come with me to the lake to fish, would you like?

I agreed. A white figure stirred in the corner, dressed in black and disappeared for a minute, as if invisible, until it appeared again against the gray background of the window. By his posture, by his voice, by the shuffling of his feet, he could guess that he was a middle-aged, stocky man. He took the fishing rods that were lying along the plinth, the bowler hat, and we went out.

My companion looked gloomily from under his shaggy eyebrows, and his ashen, stiff mustache bristled in a very unsociable manner.

A huge lake, similar to all local forest lakes, clean, framed by pine trees, splashed near the village itself. The morning wind blew, blowing gray, stormy clouds. We cast our fishing rods. It was not interesting to catch: the float was jumping on the waves, a cold mist was blowing from the water, sticking to the face like a wet cobweb.

“I can’t sleep either,” said the lumberjack after a long silence. “I keep thinking, what kind of son-in-law will I have?”

- Well, what should you think about your son-in-law? My daughter will find it,” I said.

“That’s why I think I’ve already found it.” Today I'm going to the village for a wedding. The women are alone there; Probably their son-in-law tricked them.

- Maybe he didn’t turn it around. Don't be in a hurry to offend a person.

“And that’s true,” the lumberjack laughed. “I haven’t been home for a long time, so it seems like there’s chaos and ruin there.” Why are you not sleeping?

“I haven’t been home for a long time either.”

“Yes... This is how we live,” the lumberjack said thoughtfully. - Let's go have breakfast. I have yesterday's soup.

And, united in our souls by a common longing for home, we walked away from the gray windy lake.

There were about ten more communists in the back who were going to the general party meeting of the lumber mill. I have never endured such severe shaking in the light rain as on the roads of the Lukh forests. The car swerved between the pine trees, jumped on potholes; Wet branches whipped over our heads, and we, holding each other, fell with our entire mass onto the sides, onto the cabin, and onto the bottom of the body.

Finally, the party organizer knocked on the roof of the cabin. The car, with a squeal of brakes, stopped dead in its tracks, we were thrown onto the cab, and the driver, slender, thin-faced, with his beret askew, a menace to the village girls, straightened up on the running board and asked innocently:

- What's the matter?

– Are you in a hurry for the third flight, Nikita?

Nikita smiled slightly, looked at us and said:

- For violets.

Leaf fall

You need to be one on one with a river, a forest, a field. Then this is a creative union, and not a picnic or a walk.

Against the background of a dark spruce forest stood a single birch tree - all yellow and see-through, and the wind was already tearing the first leaves from it, throwing it onto the harsh spruce trees, as if rewarding them with gold medals for their resistance to future cold.

I heard a nightingale singing in August. Maybe some bird cherry blossomed for him a second time? It happens like this.

The old elders from the surrounding villages said that they would not remember when the weather was still so vile in June, but in August, right around September, it was so blessed.

Grandfather Sevastyan Podkorytin was especially excited about this. He was a scientific old man and was very keen on cyclones and atomic explosions. Radio played a huge role in his life. He was illiterate, deaf, and only powerful radio headphones, which he always dragged behind him on a long wire, connected him with big events in the world.

At the lake and all the way in the car, Vanya swore terribly, and if he was reprimanded for it, he answered smugly:

- What? Don't like a strong word?

As we drove along the log bridge, he suddenly said:

- It’s like losing on a xylophone.

This, perhaps, was the only strong word for the whole day.

Gamekeeper Figurovsky planted an apple orchard. The owner’s creative mission would have ended there, although no one would have said a bad word about him - after all, he had decorated a tiny part of the land. But Figurovsky also brought seedlings to his neighbor. Since then, he has been carrying a thousand seedlings from the state farm every year. And the small village above Klyazma is noisy with the apple orchards of the true beautifier of the earth.

I admire the August sky and think: for a meteor, perhaps thousands of years rushing like a cold block through the darkness of the Universe, a meeting with the Earth is disastrous. But how brightly it will finally flare up in its atmosphere, and isn’t this moment of ignition worth thousands of years of wandering in the darkness!

I write - this means I am dropping my leaves. But as long as I have my roots in the ground, there is nothing to fear: my garden will turn green again.

Nerl

With the gentle, almost seething name of this river I associate one of the highest pleasures of beauty that I have ever experienced. Not far from its confluence with the Klyazma, near the village of Bogolyubov, stands the ancient Church of the Intercession - a miracle of Russian architectural craftsmanship. It always seems to me that it was created without the help of hands, only by inspiration, equal to the magical power of fairy-tale wizards. There is something incomprehensible in it, acting not on the eye, but on the soul, which begins to languish somehow solemnly, sublimely and sadly at the sight of this white-stone poem of ancient times. Anyone who has seen this temple at least once can no longer say that there were no happy moments in his life.

I recently received a letter from Yasnaya Polyana from V.F. Bulgakov, which contains the following words:

“...Don't you envy me that I live in Yasnaya Polyana?

I, in turn, envy you that you live in ancient Vladimir, close to the beautiful Assumption and Demetrius Cathedrals, close to the temple - the dream and the white swan - the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl River.

Forty years ago I visited Vladimir, went on foot to Suzdal, spent the night on stone slabs in the gatehouse of the Spaso-Evfimievsky Monastery, visited the prison for sectarians in which Pobedonostsev was going to imprison Leo Tolstoy, and experienced a feeling of extraordinary charm, admiring the architectural Masterpiece: Church on the Nerl.

Many, many times later, over the course of a long life, in different conditions, in palaces and prisons, a wonderful temple arose in my imagination and memory, and this vision was always accompanied by a lofty, detached from all worldly and blissful feeling.

Only the highest works of art can act this way.

Greetings to you and old Vladimir! If there is an opportunity, please greet the temple on the Nerl from me!”

I always treat such requests, of which there are many, with attention and respect, and when I am on the Nerl, I do not forget to bow to the walls of the famous temple on behalf of those who ask for it. And I myself will always be elevated above everyday adversity by the singing harmony of its outlines.

Blessed is the Russian river, carrying on its waters this marvelous “white swan”.

Happy

There is something in the summer afternoon of the central Russian zone with its uneven winds, with the chirping of grasshoppers in the grass, with the burning heat, with cumulus clouds erected from blue and golden light along the horizon, something that detaches you from everyday worries and worldly vanity.

I was lying on the shady side of a haystack. There were many of them in a long narrow meadow, sandwiched between two oak manes, and further on, by the trembling of the air, the Klyazma was guessed, and its right bank rose in a hazy blue ridge just below the clouds. Along its ridge and in the wide hollows the multi-colored roofs of the huts were dazzled, the rye fields sparkled yellow-whitish in the sun, and the village elms, poplars and lindens froze like dark bushes in the calm.

In the floodplain, which had long since become noisy from being mowed, there was downright deserted desolation. Those who trampled and drove over these barely noticeable paths and ruts in the meadows, overgrown with soft waste, took up the affairs of another suffering on the other side; in the meadow swamps, the shots from the first days of the hunting season also died down long ago; The fishermen stayed in the free reaches of the Klyazma lower reaches. Who else could appear here? Mushrooms and nuts did not grow this year, the currants were gone, the cranberries had not yet ripened... I felt that I was alone, perhaps for many kilometers around, and therefore I did not immediately realize that I was hearing a human voice, and not some other sound meadows and forests. Always present in the dormant air of midday is this subtle vibrating sound, fused together from the rustling of leaves, the whistling of birds, the fuss of small animals, the splashing of water and, who knows, what other fluttering of life we cannot see. But what I heard soon began to stand out from it, getting closer and finally clearly forming into the melody of a lullaby, the words of which I could not yet make out.

Many times a woman’s voice has been compared to the murmuring of a stream, the singing of a lark, the ringing of a bell, and I don’t know what to compare this simple, thin voice with, all the charm of which was in some kind of transparent girlish, even childish purity. He sang behind the mane, where the rutted cart road ran out into the meadow, and I crawled a little to the side so as not to frighten him with my presence. Soon it was possible to make out the words of the song. I had not heard them before and, alas, did not remember them. And it is unlikely that this was some kind of song recorded by the collectors, and not an improvisation, which poured out in the first words that came up and half-connected with each other, the affectionate babbling of a mother over a baby.

Like me, the woman was sure that she was alone here, and she spoke loudly, openly. She apparently sat down by a nearby haystack or on the edge of a mane in the shade of oak trees, accompanying her every action with laughter and affectionate cooing.

- Wait a minute, we’ll spread out the diapers. Rub your legs, rub your legs. It’s hot for the little girl, it’s hot for the little one... Oh,” she suddenly said in a very casual, even slightly hoarse voice, “how many haystacks have been made!” Do not transport. - And again she began to gurgle melodiously: - Well, why is the little girl sulking? Why is my dear swearing? Give gula milk?

She was not heard for some time, but then, now very quietly and again with a kind of childish transparency in the sound of her voice, she sang:

“We’ll go with the ghouls to the folder, the father will say: you’re a fool, she took a small child and walked through the meadows in the heat.” But we are sick at home, and we are bored at home. We lit the stove and sat on the porch. Under the porch, the chickens cluck and moan quietly. The chickens are hot too... Stupid Gulin, he said goodbye to us and rolled into the floodplain. There he plows the swamps, stumps, and uproots bushes. Mosquitoes gnaw at him and give him no rest...

Whether she sang exactly word for word - I can’t guarantee, I clearly imagined both the languidly hot village afternoon with this groaning clucking of the exhausted chickens under the porch, and the young woman with her firstborn in her arms, drawn by some kind of happy longing through these sun-drenched meadows to to her husband, who, apparently, was now working on draining the swamps across the river, and even their upcoming meeting with a grumpy squabble, hiding deep joy and proud admiration for each other...

The magnitude of her happiness apparently embarrassed her, and the woman tried to frighten herself.

– What if lightning kills us? - she suddenly asked, suddenly stopping her singing, and I imagined how her eyes widened at this.

She was silent for a minute. But then her happy, even drunken with happiness, laughter was heard.

- She’ll make it up, stupid! Molonia! The sky is clear, there are no clouds, the leaves are not moving. Let's go slowly, little girl.

I waited a while and looked out from behind the stack. Along the road between the haystacks, a tall, thin woman in a white sundress with small flowers and the same scarf was walking away, carrying in her arms something so tiny that it was almost invisible even behind her narrow back.

If at that moment the fat haystacks had begun to part in front of her, and the oak trees shining through the sun had bowed their tops, I probably would not have seen a miracle in this.

Uncle Lenya

I happened to meet experienced people, and you look - he’s seen the world, and lived to be almost a hundred years old, but he only knows that before “karasin” was a penny, but now it’s a ruble. Another has any story, even about the same “karasin”, certainly with a spark. It’s not just that it means that it has become more expensive, but at the same time you need to tease your interlocutor so that he doesn’t turn up his nose too much.

Uncle Lenya, the beaconman, had a similar story, but not about kerosene, but about beer. After the fish soup, some bossy guest, one of those who flock to fresh fish in abundance, will open his fish soup and say: it would be nice to have a cold beer, and why isn’t there even enough of it in the city? And Uncle Lepya will answer seriously:

– They stopped sowing malt.

He thinks - it’s really unheard of to sow anywhere. And he looks without a smile, like a fool.

There was also a story about Udaloy, a quick-eared, agile little dog with a pretzel tail. At first there was no story, but just every day at lunch a conversation with the children began:

- Your fool is daring, dad. He ran away to the village again.

– I’m still young, I need to learn.

The next day again:

- But still, dad, your daring fool.

- Young. We need to learn.

And the dog’s precocious youth has long passed, and Uncle Lenya keeps shielding the dog:

– I’m still young, I need to learn.

But at the same time his eyes laugh: this, they say, is the secret of eternal youth.

Uncle Lenya retained these laughing eyes, this sparkle in behavior until the end of his days.

I walked, filled with oats, on a fine August day. And when he reached the village of Kalita, he saw Uncle Lenya in the shadows on a bench. He sat hunched over, with a mustache hanging at the corners of his mouth, under his straw hat, like a small mushroom. He also recognized me. And his eyes laughed.

- The village of Kalita, or what? – I asked.

- Kalita.

– Does Aleksey Efimovich Budarin live here?

- Is he at home?

- Let's run away to the girls.

...After six months I buried him in the village cemetery among sparkling snow and white frost-covered birches...

More than bondage

There is something in the primitive hunting and fishing passion that adorns human nature, and that is why I love to meet a man with a gun or a fishing rod on the banks and in the floodplains.

A whole lyrical study could be written about the crossroads. They seem to reflect the restless, meticulous nature of the Russian fisherman and hunter. I can’t even bring myself to call our fishing and hunting a sport. Somewhere out there, with the Hemingways, it’s sport, but with us it’s something like that – “worse than bondage” – you can’t call it anything else. You will meet a peasant in the floodplain, overgrown with three-day stubble, in a torn robe, with an old gun or a homemade birch fishing rod - what a sport this is! I always picture an athlete in shorts, sneakers and with a plastic visor on his forehead. And his fishing rod - a miracle of the chemical industry - bends into a ring. He fishes for trout under license.

The start of the hunt found me in the Belkovskaya floodplain, near Kovrov. Needless to say, how anxiously the hunters of the entire Klyazma coast awaited this day. But, as expected, he bitterly disappointed them. The floodplain is definitely extinct; only occasionally will a stray blackbird fly by, which will immediately be showered with kilograms of shot from hunters weary of the shot.

And I remember this Belkovskaya floodplain, full of ducks, snipes, great snipes. And it is clear that this is a bitter sign of our century - the impoverishment of floodplains and the pollution of rivers. So the sad Chekhov’s “Pipe” moans in my ears:

“This summer there was little game, this year there is even less, and in about five years there will be none at all. I notice that soon there won’t be any game left, not even any birds... And fish... If you don’t believe me, ask the old people; everyone will tell you that the fish now are not at all what they were. And in the seas, and in lakes, and in rivers, there are fewer and fewer fish from year to year..."

The pipe sings and sings, and the hunters, in order to somehow relieve their guns and the mental tension that has accumulated over the days of waiting and preparation, fire at caps, tin cans and bottles.

One boasts:

“I hit my cap in the lining, then for three minutes black flakes fell from above.”

Three people are sitting near a puddle overgrown with sedge and alder, finishing off their fourth half-liter. They say:

“In the morning a teal swam out of the tree, and we had guns in our hands.” All three shot, but didn’t hit. Now we are waiting for the evening dawn. Maybe it will come out. But, it seems, we won’t get caught again.

At the haystack new meeting, new story:

– We spent the night on the mane. We drank. My friend walked into the wind, fell waist-deep into the water, stood with his eyes closed, asleep. I pushed him away, he looks around and asks: “Where are we spending the night?” - “Yes, there, I say, smoke from the fire, go to it.” But the wind carries the smoke away, so comrade walked along it. He went two hundred meters away. I hear him screaming. I brought him by the sleeve to the fire, he cursed. It was not our fire that brought him there, they say.

This is how they have fun with something instead of hunting.

The guys unloaded meat from the car, and the driver - the one who first met me in Degtyarka - asked the chairman:

Who should carry it? Who will do the jelly?

“We have a holiday tomorrow,” the chairman explained to me. - Delegates from Mayan will arrive and we will sum up the results of the competition. Only here the matter is clear: they have sixty hectares of corn unsown. We checked yesterday. Stay to watch and listen to our speeches.

When, having dined on fragrant rye bread and cold milk, I was settling down in Genka’s clean room, he came in to turn off the lamp and said:

The Mayakovites have sixty hectares of corn unsown. Weak they will come against us.

In the morning a heavy blue cloud brought rain. The arrival of delegates from the Mayak collective farm coincided with it, but without even going to the board, they went to look at the farm. The chairman, worried, approached the window several times and repeated:

Let them watch, nothing. They have sixty hectares of corn unsown.

The cloud soon dried up, and the meeting sat down on benches in the shade of a huge birch tree, which was still dropping large drops of red on the table. The chairman took out a notebook and, focusing especially on achievements, read out a long series of numbers. They didn't interrupt him. Only once did geese approach the table, and the chairman, waving a book at them, said:

Polinka, drive this creature away.

In speeches, sixty hectares of corn were mentioned countless times, which had done their job: the Mayakovites were recognized as defeated. And the dinner for them later was so good that the Mayakovsky chairman, pushing away a plate of kidneys in oil, admitted:

And then they won. We did our best for you the other day.

And an accordion was already walking along the village. It was a cheerful, moderately intoxicating holiday. Only in the evening the driver got into his truck and said that he was going to get married. He was pulled out of the cabin with laughter and forced to dance. Moreover, some furry grandfather, sitting on a rubble, suddenly asked me:

Do you want me to tell you everything about bees?

That’s it,” grandfather confirmed.

And fell nose-first into the sand.

And when the late summer night came, a screen was hung on someone’s gate, behind which a cow was mooing, and the moving cinema showed a film about Kuban collective farmers who did nothing but sing, fall in love and dashingly ride on combine harvesters.

When I went mushroom picking in early childhood, I remember the forest was right next to the city. And recently, where my first mushroom grew, I washed myself in the bathtub of a judge I knew and then indulged in beer with a roach.

I am not at all saying to condemn people that they have crowded out the forest: let them live more widely and more conveniently! But it was possible to make sure that the forest remained, as before, right next to the city. It was possible to take the place where my first mushroom grew, and leave that thicket where I was afraid to look and where there is now a suburban wasteland, a landfill, a skinny potato patch, for my son’s first mushroom.

Of course, a mature forest needs to be cut down - not to let it grow old and die - but this is already an industry, and that’s not what I’m talking about...

Now people are increasingly realizing their mistake, and recently I read in the newspaper that my city won a street greening competition. And I myself, not from the newspaper, but from life, see how the forest enters the city and how the lanky forest linden trees gradually grow thicker in their trunks and round their crowns in the free light of our wide streets.

At the same time, I always remember the unknown Volga Stavropol, which later became famous as the center for the construction of the Kuibyshev hydroelectric power station. It was a one-story wooden town with unpaved streets and such an abundance of gray, dirty city sand that it fully justified its ironic name given to it by the builders - “Stavropyl.” However, the local old-timers remembered other times, when the streets of the city were completely overgrown with soft goose grass, and lilac and honeysuckle bushes bloomed in the front gardens in front of the windows of the houses. Then around the city the mighty pine forests hummed in the wind. Their roots held the sand tenaciously. But someone’s dashing hand brought the forest around Stavropol; bare sands, picked up by the Volga hot winds, rushed towards the city, flooding its streets.

People realized their mistake there too. Stavropol was still about to become the bottom of the sea, but in the new city, on high pine hills, every branch was jealously guarded. And wherever I went - into a club, a school, a canteen, into apartments and even into a motorcade - everywhere there was a resinous smell of pine needles and the light, unsteady shadows of a pine forest lay.

My personal life is connected, just like with the river, with the forest. I often think that I owe my creativity to them. In moments of delight, which nature can so generously give, a person wants all people to look with the same eyes, to feel with the same heart; he himself is generous. Is this why it is so often the one who, by the nature of his profession or by his fishing and hunting passion, stands close to nature who takes up the pen? I don't remember when I first discovered that I was a writer. But the first conscious urge to speak was born precisely from this need to share happy moments of closeness to nature with someone. So the usual children's words were scribbled: “Once we went mushroom picking.” And now, when my relatives are surprised: “Who are you? No one in our family wrote, so where did you get this from?” - I say, laughing:

From the forest, of course!

Lukhskoe Polesie

The dead tree above me was shedding dry husks from its branches.

“The tree falls, but the forest stands,” I remembered the saying of a familiar forest crawler, Fedya.

Fedya loved the forest selflessly. “Treelessness is an unsuitable estate,” he said, and in the dry season of summer, when there was a hot, resinous stuffiness in the red forests, and dried moss crackled in the swamps, he sniffed the wind with genuine owner’s concern to see if it was causing fumes. He so firmly connected his soul with the forest that through it he resolved the most difficult issues of human existence. These revelations, apparently, appeared to him without any effort of thought, as a result of an instant and involuntary generalization of experience, and were expressed in proverbs, as all folk wisdom has been expressed since ancient times. Probably dozens of times he felled a rotten birch trunk with a light touch, saw the rusty crown of a drying pine and finally concluded: the tree falls, but the forest stands.

One of the wonders of Lukhsky woodland is Lake Kschara. According to the map, there is only one road leading to it. In fact, the entire forest was cut up by machine roads made by heavy timber trucks; These roads of varying freshness intersected, circled, branched, and, although even earlier experts had assured me that “there are signs all around,” I did not meet any signs and soon discovered that I had lost my way. Human traces were found everywhere: tire prints in some places were quite fresh; yesterday's rain did not wash away the traces of bare feet in the sand; now to the right, now to the left the distant hum of a car engine could be heard; there were whole forests of pine trees with arrow-shaped cuts, from which viscous sap dripped into iron cups, but the man himself was not there, and I could not ask anyone for directions.

Goal: assess the level general education training in Russian language for 9th grade graduates educational organizations for the purpose of state final certification of graduates. The monitoring work consists of three parts, including 15 tasks. 3 hours 55 minutes are allotted to complete work on the Russian language. Part 1 includes one task and is a short written work based on the text you listened to (concise presentation). The source text for the condensed presentation is listened to 2 times. Part 2 consists of 13 tasks (2–14). Part 2 tasks are completed based on the text read. The task of part 3 is performed on the basis of the same text that you read while working on the tasks of part 2. The trial OGE is assessed as an exam paper based on points, which are then converted into grades

Estimate 31614 0

Development content

Russian Federation
Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Ugra
Administration of the city of Megion
MUNICIPAL AUTONOMOUS EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION No. 5 “GYMNASIA”

Testing and measuring material in the Russian language 2017

Explanatory note
		Filippova Nadezhda Petrovna
	Resource name	Testing and measuring material for the test OGE-2017 in the Russian language
	Resource type	Monitoring work
	Subject, teaching materials	Russian language. The list of content elements tested on the OGE in the Russian language is compiled on the basis of the Federal component of the state standard of the basic general education in Russian language 2004
	Purpose and objectives of the resource	To assess the level of general educational training in the Russian language of graduates of 9th grade of general education organizations for the purpose of state final certification of graduates.
	Age of students for whom the resource is intended	For 9th grade graduates
	The program in which the resource was created	Developed on the basis of the Federal component of the state standard of basic general education in the Russian language (order of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated 03/05/2004 No. 1089 “On approval of the Federal component of state standards of primary general, basic general and secondary (complete) general education”).
		The monitoring work consists of three parts, including 15 tasks. 3 hours 55 minutes are allotted to complete work on the Russian language. Part 1 includes one task and is a short written work based on the listened text (condensed presentation). The source text for the condensed presentation is listened to 2 times. Part 2 consists of 13 tasks (2–14). Part 2 tasks are completed based on the text read. The task of part 3 is performed on the basis of the same text that you read while working on the tasks of part 2. The trial OGE is assessed as an exam paper based on points, which are then converted into grades
	Information sources
	Demo version of the OGE in Russian FIPI http://4ege.ru/gia-po-russkomu-jazyku/

Control and measuring

OGE test material

In Russian

Developed by:

teacher of Russian language and literature

Filippova N.P.

Megion-2016

Codifier

The codifier is a systematized list of requirements for the level of training of graduates and verified content elements

The codifier is compiled on the basis of the Federal component of the state standard of basic general education (order of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated March 5, 2004 No. 1089 “On approval of the Federal component of state standards of primary general, basic general and secondary (complete) general education”).

The codifier consists of two sections:

– Section 1. “List of content elements checked in the RUSSIAN LANGUAGE”;

–Section 2. “List of requirements for the level of training of students who have mastered general education programs basic general education in the RUSSIAN LANGUAGE".

Section 1. List of content elements tested during the trial OGE in the RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

The list of content elements tested on the OGE in the Russian language is compiled on the basis of the Federal component of the state standard of basic general education in the Russian language of 2004.

Bold italics indicate large blocks of content, which are broken down into smaller elements below. Each of these codifier elements represents an enlarged didactic unit of training content, which may include several thematic units.

Code. Content elements tested by work assignments

Phonetics

1.1 Sounds and letters

1.2 Phonetic analysis of the word

Vocabulary and phraseology

2.1 Lexical meaning words

2.2 Synonyms. Antonyms. Homonyms

2.3 Phraseological phrases

2.4 Groups of words by origin and use

2.5 Lexical analysis

Morphemics and word formation

3.1 Significant parts of a word (morphemes)

3.2 Morphemic analysis of a word

3.3 Basic methods of word formation

3.4 Derivational analysis of the word

Grammar. Morphology

4.1 Independent parts of speech

4.2 Functional parts of speech

4.3 Morphological analysis of the word

Grammar. Syntax

5.1 Collocation

5.2 Offer. The grammatical (predicative) basis of a sentence. Subject and predicate as the main members of a sentence

5.3 Secondary members of the sentence

5.4 Two-part and one-part sentences

5.5 Common and non-common offers

5.6 Complete and incomplete sentences

5.7 Complex simple sentence

5.8 Complex sentence

5.9 Complex non-union proposals. Meaningful relations

between parts of a complex non-union sentence

5.10 Complex sentences with different types connections between parts

5.11 Methods of transmitting someone else's speech

5.12 Parsing a simple sentence

5.13 Parsing a complex sentence

5.14 Parsing (generalization)

Spelling

6.1 Spelling

6.2 Use of vowels I/Y, A/YA, U/YU after sibilants and C

6.3 Use of vowels O/E (E) after sibilants and C

6.4 Use of b and b

6.5 Spelling roots

6.6 Spelling of prefixes

6.7 Spelling suffixes various parts speeches

(except -N-/-NN-)

6.8 Spelling -Н- and -НН- in various parts of speech

6.9 Spelling of case and gender endings

6.10 Spelling personal endings of verbs and participle suffixes

6.11 Merged and separate writing NOT with different parts of speech

6.12 Spelling of negative pronouns and adverbs

6.13 Spelling NOT and NOR

6.14 Spelling of function words

6.15 Spelling dictionary words

6.16 Continuous, hyphenated, separate spelling of words of different parts of speech

6.17 Orthographic analysis

Punctuation

7.1 Punctuation between subject and predicate

7.2 Punctuation marks in a simple complex sentence

7.3 Punctuation marks for separate definitions

7.4 Punctuation in special circumstances

7.5 Punctuation marks for comparative phrases

7.6. Punctuation marks for clarifying parts of a sentence

7.7.Punctuation marks when detached members offers

(generalization)

7.8. Punctuation marks in sentences with words and constructions that are grammatically unrelated to the members of the sentence

7.9. Punctuation marks in a complicated sentence (generalization)

7.10 Punctuation marks for direct speech and quoting

7.11 Punctuation marks in a complex sentence

7.12 Punctuation marks in complex sentences

7.13 Punctuation marks in a complex sentence with different types of connections.

7.14.Punctuation marks in a non-union complex sentence

7.15 Punctuation marks in a complex sentence with a conjunction and a non-conjunction.

7.16 Dash in simple and complex sentences

7.17 Colon in simple and complex sentences

7.18 Punctuation in simple and complex sentences

7.19 Punctuation analysis.

Speech

8.1 Text as a speech work. Semantic and compositional

text integrity

8.2 Means of communication of sentences in the text

8.3 Styles and functional-semantic types of speech

8.4 Selection of linguistic means in the text depending on the topic, purpose,

addressee and communication situation

8.5 Text analysis

8.6 Creation of texts of various styles and functional and semantic types of speech

Language norms

9.1 Orthoepic standards

9.2 Lexical norms

9.3 Grammatical norms (morphological norms)

9.4 Grammar rules (syntactic rules)

10 Expressiveness of Russian speech

10.1 Analysis of means of expression

11 Information processing of texts of various styles and genres

Section 2. List of requirements for the level of training of students who have mastered general education programs of basic general education in the RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

This section presents a list of requirements for the level of training of graduates tested at the OGE.

Requirement code. Skills tested in the exam

Various types of analysis

1.1 Identify linguistic units, carry out various types of analysis

1.2. Determine the topic, the main idea of the text, the functional and semantic type of the text or its fragment

1.3. Distinguish colloquial speech, scientific style, official business style, journalistic style, language of fiction

Listening and reading

2.1 Adequately understand the information of oral and written communication (purpose, topic, basic and additional, explicit and hidden information)

2.3. Proficient in different types of reading (studying, introductory, viewing)

2.4. Retrieve information from various sources

2.5. Free to use linguistic dictionaries, reference books

Letter

3.1. Reproduce text with a given degree of condensation (plan, retelling, presentation)

3.2. Create texts of various styles and genres (review, abstract, speech, letter, receipt, statement)

3.3. Select and organize linguistic means in accordance with the topic, goals, sphere and situation of communication

3.4. Own various types monologue and dialogue

3.5. Freely and correctly express your thoughts in oral and written forms, comply with the norms of text construction (logic, consistency, coherence, relevance to the topic, etc.)

3.6 Adequately express your attitude to the facts and phenomena of the surrounding reality: to what you read, heard, saw

3.7. Observe in practice verbal communication basic pronunciation, lexical, grammatical rules modern Russian literary language

3.8. Observe the basic rules of spelling and punctuation in writing practice

3.9. Observe the norms of Russian speech etiquette, it is appropriate to use paralinguistic (extra-linguistic) means of communication

3.10. Exercise speech self-control; evaluate your speech from the point of view of its correctness, find grammatical and speech errors, shortcomings, and correct them; improve and edit your own texts

Specification
control measuring materials for carrying outin 2017 trial OGE
In Russian

1. Purpose of CMM for OGE- to assess the level of general educational training in the Russian language of graduates of IX grades of general education organizations for the purpose of state final certification of graduates.

2. Documents defining the content of CMM

3. Approaches to content selection and CMM structure development

Conceptual approaches to the formation of CIM for the OGE in the Russian language were determined by the specifics of the subject in accordance with the normative document specified in paragraph 2.

Outlined in the Federal component of the state standard of basic general education and implemented in the materials of the unified state exam The competency-based approach was also reflected in the content of the OGE work. The work tests the linguistic competence of students (knowledge of language and speech; the ability to apply linguistic knowledge in working with language material, as well as identification, classification, analytical educational and language skills). The degree of development of language competence is indicated by the skills and abilities of students associated with compliance language norms(lexical, grammatical, stylistic, spelling, punctuation). Communicative competence is tested in work at the level of students' proficiency in productive and receptive skills of speech activity.

Completing the set of tasks presented in the work makes it possible to assess the compliance of the level of their preparation achieved by the end of their studies in primary school with state requirements for the level of training in the Russian language, which ensures the possibility of successfully continuing their studies in high school.

Monitoring work for the OGE is structured taking into account variability: the right to choose one of three essay options is given.

The assessment system for individual tasks and work as a whole was created taking into account the requirements of the theory and practice of pedagogical measurements and domestic traditions of teaching the Russian language.

4. Characteristics of the structure and content of CMMs

Each version of CMM consists of three parts and includes 15 tasks that differ in form and level of complexity.

Part 1 - summary(exercise 1).

Part 2 (tasks 2-14) - tasks with short answers.

In the monitoring work, the following types of tasks with a short answer are proposed:

tasks open type to record a self-formulated short answer;

selection tasks and recording one correct answer from the proposed list of answers.

Part 3 (alternative task 15) is an open-type task with a detailed answer (essay), testing the ability to create your own statement based on the text read.

5.Evaluation. The scale for converting points into marks is compiled according to the scale demo versions of the OGE-2015. For completing the work, a mark is given on a five-point scale.

The mark “2” is given if the student has scored no more than 14 points (from 0 to 14) for completing all parts of the examination work.

The mark “3” is given if the student scores no less than 15 and no more than 24 points (from 15 to 24) for completing all parts of the work.

The mark “4” is given if the student scores no less than 25 and no more than 33 points (from 25 to 33) for completing all parts of the work. In this case, the student must score at least

4 points for literacy (criteria GK1–GK4). If, according to the criteria of GK1–GK4, a student scores less than 4 points, a mark of “3” is given.

The mark “5” is given if the student scores no less than 34 and no more than 39 points (from 34 to 39) for completing all parts of the work. In this case, the student must score at least 6 points for literacy (criteria GK1–GK4). If, according to the criteria of GK1–GK4, a student scores less than 6 points, a mark of “4” is given.

Option 4-2017

Part 1

TEXT "War"

Time passes, but the years of war and the greatness of our victory over German fascism do not fade in human memory. It is difficult to overestimate its significance in history; now it is already clear that the entire present, and perhaps the future of humanity, is built on its foundation. And now, when peace on earth has again become unsteady, we remember the lessons taught to people by the war, and are confirmed in the confidence that we are right - the rightness of the cause of peace. And millions of young and older people - men, boys, women - accepted death, clearly realizing that, no matter how dear life was to them, the fate of the Motherland and humanity was incomparably more valuable.

Great Patriotic War Soviet people against German fascism - an entire era in the history of our country, a brilliant page of its heroic past. One of the many remarkable features of the last war was its national character, when everyone, young and old, fought for a common cause - at the front, in industry and agriculture, in the partisan rear. The war took countless human lives, destroyed hundreds of villages and cities. And now invisible traces of war still remain in the hearts and souls of people.

Then all this seemed different to us, but now it seems more and more clear: our sacrifices were not in vain, every drop of blood shed on the battlefield, one way or another, brought our victory closer. Millions of human lives are eloquent evidence of this. Perhaps that is why victory was on our side, the significance of which is eternal for humanity. (According to V. Bykov) 213 words

Part 2

Read the text and complete tasks 2-14.

(1) The Ugra is one of the best small rivers in central Russia: wide, full-flowing, elastic, with a fairly strong current and therefore clean, with a sandy bottom, not overgrown along the banks, sometimes steep, sometimes flat and always clean and strong. (2) It was wonderful to enter the cool water, wash off the blood and mosquito corpses, lie on your back, close your eyes, and surrender to the flow.

(3) We sat for a long time on the bank under the elm trees. (4) The mosquitoes are gone. (5) A light breeze blowing from below, tilting the grass, but not moving a leaf on the trees, forced the little demons to hide.

(6) The evening was in no hurry, allowing the sunset to finish. (7) The crimson flame in the west turned the silver Ugra into a river of blood, and all the mosquitoes rushed there to plunge their trunks into the red stream and fill themselves with the substrate of life. (8) They soon realized that they had made a mistake, and, inflamed with anger, they returned back. (9) We stopped resisting. (10) Around each of us, and we were sitting on the terrace attached to the hut, a dense cloud hovered. (11) It seemed as if pomegranate seeds were floating: their swollen bellies showed through with ruby red.

(12) Heavy stomping was heard: it was a small village herd returning from the pasture; the gentle, inviting voices of the housewives were heard, ringing through the silence. (13) The “young” voice did not sound among them, but in her yard, without any call, four sheep appeared, stuck together like cheap candies - three adults, one adolescence. (14) Then it seemed that it was one four-headed sheep, so synchronous were all the movements and inseparable bodies. (15) This single sheep was destroyed by a teenager who could not keep up with the rapid maneuvers. (16) He fell behind and panickedly rushed after the others in order to again stick to his mother’s side. (17) And another image arose. (18) Manfully curved necks, dull meekness in the gaze, and the halo of the halo can already be seen above each flat head - four meek biblical rams hover above the ground, barely touching it with their small hooves. (19) They immediately begin to pluck the grass, immediately stop and write a new, unthinkable and unprovoked zigzag by anything external. (20) Their meanly humble behavior, rejecting even a hint of individuality and submissive behavior to who knows what, irritated them, and their thoughts predatorily turned to sacrifices, slaughter, and barbecue. (21) The “young woman” appeared with a bucket in her hand, poured water into the log and shouted something to the sheep. (22) As they ran, they beautifully reared up, turned on their hind legs and, bending their necks like a wheel, rushed to the block, only the baby couldn’t cope with the acceleration, jumped forward and, frightened, rushed after him at full speed.

(23) I slept on the terrace, and the huge sky filled with stars pulled me out and placed me in space. (24) It was the same as in childhood, when I slept in the Sukhotin apple orchard or under a haystack at night, in the entire sphere, not dimmed by any light from the earth, it shimmered, flickered, stirred, blinked, pulsated, lived, and only Milky Way remained motionless.

(25) And there was great silence, and I, a permanent resident of the Moscow region, forgot about the silent world. (According to Yu. Trifonov)

2. Which of the statements below contains the answer to the question: “Why for the author is the Ugra one of the best small rivers in central Russia”?

1) There are a lot of fish in it.

2) These are his native places, which are dear to him.

3) Its fast flow makes the water very clean.

4) It is easy to swim in this river, as its flow is slow.

3. Indicate a sentence in which the means of expressive speech are contextual synonyms.

1) Then it seemed that it was one four-headed sheep, all the movements were so synchronous and the bodies were inseparable.

2) The “young woman” appeared with a bucket in her hand, poured water into the log and shouted something to the sheep. As they ran, they beautifully reared up, turned on their hind legs and, bending their necks like a wheel, rushed towards the block, only the baby couldn’t cope with the acceleration, jumped forward and, frightened, rushed after him at full speed.

3) The mosquitoes are gone. A light breeze blowing from below, bending the grass, but not moving a leaf on the trees, forced the little demons to hide.

4) And there was great silence, and I, a permanent resident of the Moscow region, forgot about the silent world.

4. From sentences 10-16, write down a word in which the spelling of the prefix is determined by its meaning “incompleteness of action.”

5. From sentences 19-22, write down a word in which N/NN is determined by the rule: “Two N are written in adjectives formed with the suffix N from nouns with a stem in N.”

6. Choose a synonym for the word Crimson (sentence 7).

7. Replace the phrase silent world(sentence 25), an agreement built on the basis of the connection, a synonymous phrase with the control connection. Write the resulting phrase.

9. Among sentences 5-8, select sentence(s) with isolated homogeneous definitions. Please indicate his/her number(s).

10. Indicate the number of grammatical bases in sentence 25.

11. Among sentences 1-6, find sentences with isolated circumstances. Write the number of this offer.

The crimson flame in the west turned the silver Ugra into a river of blood, (1) and all the mosquitoes rushed there, (2) to plunge their trunks into the red stream and fill themselves with the substrate of life.

13. Among sentences 23-25, find a sentence with different types of communication. Write the number of this offer.

14. Among sentences 12-15, find a non-union complex sentence. Write the number of this offer.

15.1. Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of Lev Vasilyevich Uspensky’s statement: “Vocabulary alone without grammar does not constitute a language. Only when it comes to the disposal of grammar does it acquire the greatest meaning.” When justifying your answer, give 2 (two) examples from the text you read.

15.2 Write an argumentative essay. Explain how you understand the meaning of sentence 25 : “And there was great silence, and I, a permanent resident of the Moscow region, forgot about the silent world.”

When giving examples, indicate the numbers of the required sentences or use citations.

The essay must be at least 70 words.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

15.3.How do you understand the meaning of the word MOTHERLAND? Formulate and comment on the definition you have given. Write an essay-argument on the topic: “What is the Motherland”, taking the definition you gave as the thesis. When arguing your thesis, give 2 (two) examples-arguments confirming your reasoning: give one example-argument from the text you read, and the second from your life experience.

The essay must be at least 70 words.

Option 1-2017

Instructions for performing the work

The monitoring work consists of three parts, including 15 tasks. 3 hours 55 minutes (235 minutes) are allotted to complete work in the Russian language.

Part 1 includes one task and is a short written work based on the listened text (condensed presentation). The source text for the condensed presentation is listened to 2 times. This task is completed on ANSWER FORM No. 2.

Part 2 consists of 13 tasks (2–14). Part 2 tasks are completed based on the text read. Answers to tasks 2–14 are written in the form of a word (phrase), number, sequence of numbers in the answer field in ANSWER FORM No. 1.

The task of part 3 is performed on the basis of the same text that you read while working on the tasks of part 2. When starting part 3 of the work, choose one of the three proposed tasks (15.1, 15.2 or 15.3) and give a written, detailed, reasoned answer. This task is completed on ANSWER FORM No. 2. You are allowed to use a spelling dictionary.

Part 1

1. Listen to the text, write a concise summary.

Please note that you must convey the main content of both each micro-topic and the entire text as a whole. The volume of presentation is at least 70 words. Write your summary in neat, legible handwriting.

Part 2

Read the text and complete tasks 2-14.

(9) The dead tree above me was dropping dry husks from its branches.

(10) “The tree falls, but the forest stands,” I remembered the saying of a familiar forest crawler, Fedya.

(11) Fedya loved the forest selflessly. (12) “Treelessness is an unsuitable estate,” he said in the dry season of summer, when there was a hot, resinous stuffiness in the red forests, and dried moss crackled in the swamps; (13) He so firmly connected his soul with the forest that through it he resolved the most difficult issues of human existence. (14) These revelations, apparently, appeared to him without any effort of thought, as a result of an instant and involuntary generalization of experience, and were expressed in proverbs, as all folk wisdom has been expressed since ancient times. (15) Probably dozens of times he felled a rotten birch trunk with a light touch, saw the rusty crown of a drying pine and finally concluded: the tree falls, but the forest stands.

The answers to tasks 2-14 are a number, a sequence of numbers or a word (phrase). Write the answer in answer form No. 1 to the right of the task number, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas or other additional characters.

2. Which answer option contains the information necessary to substantiate the answer to the question: “What did the forest mean to the tracker Fedya?”

1) “The tree falls, but the forest stands,” I remembered the saying of a familiar forest crawler, Fedya.

2) Probably dozens of times he felled a rotten birch trunk with a light touch, saw the rusty crown of a drying pine and finally concluded: the tree falls, but the forest stands.

3) He so firmly connected his soul with the forest that through it he resolved the most difficult issues of human existence.

4) “Treelessness is an unsuitable estate,” he said even in the dry season of summer, when there was a hot, resinous stuffiness in the red forest.

3. Indicate a sentence in which the means of expressive speech is comparison.

1) It was already evening when I sat under a withered pine tree.

2) Fedya loved the forest selflessly.

3) Along the sides of the sandy roads, faint flowers were still visible here and there, but soon they too disappeared, giving way to gray mosses, rusty pine needles and hard, like tin, blueberries.

4) I got wrapped up in it, lost my way, ate crackers, blueberries, wild raspberries, and drank from streams.

4. From sentences 11-15, write down a word in which the spelling of the prefix is determined by its meaning “incompleteness of action.”

5. From sentences 1-4, write down a word in which N/NN is determined by the rule: “In full passive participle the past tense is written NN.”

6. Choose a synonym for the word BEING (sentence 13).

7. Replace the phrase folk wisdom (sentence 14), built on the basis of the coordination connection, with a synonymous phrase with the management connection. Write the resulting phrase.

8. Write down the grammatical bases of sentence 7.

9. Among sentences 13-16, select sentence(s) with introductory words. Please indicate his/her number(s).

10. Among sentences 1-6, find sentence(s) with isolated circumstances. Write the number(s) of this sentence(s).

11. Indicate the number of grammatical bases in sentence 13.

12. In the sentence below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between parts of the complex sentence.

I was bathed in happiness, (1) in the sun and carefree pre-war life, (2) which had already begun to be forgotten, (3) receding into the distant memory, (4) as if into the backstage of a theater.

13. Among sentences 6-8, find complex sentence homogeneous subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

14. Among sentences 13-15, find a sentence with a union and a non-union connection. Write the number of this offer.

Using the text you read, complete ONLY ONE of the tasks: 15.1, 15.2 or 15.3. Before writing your essay, write down the number of the selected task: 15.1, 15.2 or 15.3.

15.1. Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of Nikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky’s statement: “The rules of syntax determine the logical relationships between words, and the composition of the lexicon corresponds to the knowledge of the people, testifies to their way of life.” When justifying your answer, give 2 (two) examples from the text you read.

When giving examples, indicate the numbers of the required sentences or use citations.

You can write a paper in a scientific or journalistic style, revealing the topic using linguistic material. You can start your essay with the words of N.G. Chernyshevsky.

The essay must be at least 70 words.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

15.2 Write an argumentative essay. Explain how you understand the meaning of the proverb: “The tree falls, but the forest stands.”

In your essay, provide two arguments from the text you read that support your reasoning.

When giving examples, indicate the numbers of the required sentences or use citations.

The essay must be at least 70 words.

If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such work is scored zero points.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

15.3.How do you understand the meaning of the word WISDOM? Formulate and comment on the definition you have given. Write an essay-argument on the topic: “What is wisdom”, taking the definition you gave as the thesis. When arguing your thesis, give 2 (two) examples-arguments confirming your reasoning: give one example-argument from the text you read, and the second from your life experience.

The essay must be at least 70 words.

If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such work is scored zero points.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

Option 2-2017

Instructions for performing the work

The monitoring work consists of three parts, including 15 tasks. 3 hours 55 minutes (235 minutes) are allotted to complete work in the Russian language.

Part 1

1. Listen to the text, write a concise summary.

Part 2

(1) Once at the gymnasium, our teacher and director, Lev Ivanovich Polivanov, a wonderful man and an excellent teacher, assigned us an essay for home on the topic: “Horse.” (2) I studied poorly then. (3) By the appointed day, I began to hastily write the assigned essay. (4) I found it difficult to complete the two required pages. (5) It seemed not easy to invent something about a horse, in which, I thought, there was nothing special. (6) Well then? (7) A horse is a wonderful pet, a friend and helper of a person; the horse is an unrequited noble creature, which man often treats cruelly and unfairly. (8) Without a horse, people would have a hard time, because it does the hardest work. (9) These thoughts came to my mind, and I expressed them as best I could, but they were not enough, and I was at a loss.

(10) Distressed, I was sitting over my notebook when my father, Lev Nikolaevich, accidentally came to see me.

- (11) What are you doing?

- (12) I am writing a Russian essay.

- (13) About what?

- (14) About the horse.

- (15) Well, did you write anything? (16) “Well, come on, I’ll give you a few thoughts,” my father suggested and sat down in my place.

(17) He picked up the pen and thought for a minute. (18) Then he bent over to the table and wrote a few lines. (19) Before I had time to thank him, he jumped up and, smiling cheerfully at me, left the room. (20) I began to analyze what was written and, of course, immediately used the material.

(21) This is what he wrote: (22) “How good a horse is when, waiting for its owner, it impatiently hits the ground with its hard hoof, moves its black, intelligent eyes and flares its nostrils! (23) How good is a horse when, all covered in foam, it returns home after a long run and, snorting smugly, shakes its head and waits to be taken to a warm stall, where fresh bedding and fragrant hay await it! (24) How beautiful a horse is when it freely rushes across the field, spreading its tail and stretching out its flexible neck... (25) A horse is always beautiful - both in motion and at rest, at work and at rest!

(26) When the essay was ready, I gave it to the teacher. (27) A few days later he returned it to me with the mark “4”. (28) The father’s words were underlined in pencil.

“(29) Please tell me, Tolstoy,” he turned to me, “what I emphasized was written not by you, but by Lev Nikolaevich?”

- (31) That’s why I put “four”.

(32) Dear Lev Ivanovich was not without reason an expert in Russian literature. (According to S.L. Tolstoy)

2. Which of the statements below contains the answer to the question: “How did the narrator feel about the literature teacher?”

1) The narrator was very afraid of the strict teacher.

2) He did not like the teacher and his lessons, because he did not know how to write essays.

3) He was offended by Lev Ivanovich for unfairly assigned marks.

4) The narrator appreciated the teacher and considered him an expert in his field.

3. Indicate a sentence in which the means of expressive speech is anaphora.

1) Once at the gymnasium, our teacher and director, Lev Ivanovich Polivanov, a wonderful man and an excellent teacher, assigned us an essay for home on the topic: “Horse.” I was a bad student then.

2) He picked up the pen and thought for a minute. Then he leaned over to the table and wrote a few lines.

3) When the essay was ready, I gave it to the teacher. A few days later he returned it to me with a “4” mark. The father's words were underlined in pencil.

4) How good a horse is when, waiting for its owner, it impatiently hits the ground with its hard hoof, moves its black, intelligent eyes and flares its nostrils! How beautiful is a horse when, all covered in foam, it returns home after a long run and, snorting smugly, shakes its head and waits to be taken to a warm stall, where fresh bedding and fragrant hay await it!

4. From sentences 23-25, write down a word in which the spelling of the consonant in the prefix depends on the subsequent consonant sound.

5. From sentences 17-22, write down a word in which N/NN is determined by the rule: “Two N are written in a participle formed from a perfective verb.”

6. Choose a synonym for the word fresh (sentence 23).

7. Replace the phrase father’s word (sentence 28), built on the basis of the control connection, with a synonymous phrase with the coordination connection. Write the resulting phrase.

8. Write down the grammatical basis of sentence 3.

9. Among sentences 16-20, choose a sentence with an introductory word. Enter its number.

10. Among sentences 5-10, find a sentence with a separate definition and a separate application. Write the number of this offer.

11. Indicate the number of grammatical bases in sentence 7.

12. Among sentences 17-20, find a simple incomplete sentence. Write the number of this offer.

13. In the sentence below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between parts of the complex sentence.

These thoughts came to my mind, (1) and I expressed them, (2) as best I could, (3) but they were not enough, (4) and I was at a loss.

14. Among sentences 22-25, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

Using the text you read, complete ONLY ONE of the tasks: 15.1,15.2 or 15.3. Before writing your essay, write down the number of the selected task: 15.1, 15.2 or 15.3.

15.1. Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement by Lev Vasilyevich Uspensky: “Grammar allows us to connect any words with each other to express any thought about any subject.”. When justifying your answer, give 2 (two) examples from the text you read.

When giving examples, indicate the numbers of the required sentences or use citations.

You can write a paper in a scientific or journalistic style, revealing the topic using linguistic material. You can start your essay with the words of L.V. Uspensky.

The essay must be at least 70 words.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

15.2. Write an argumentative essay. Explain how you understand the characterization that the author gave to the director of the gymnasium: “Lev Ivanovich Polivanov, a wonderful person and an excellent teacher”.

In your essay, provide two arguments from the text you read that support your reasoning.

When giving examples, indicate the numbers of the required sentences or use citations.

The essay must be at least 70 words.

If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such work is scored zero points.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

15.3.How do you understand the meaning of the word EDUCATION? Formulate and comment on the definition you have given. Write an essay-argument on the topic: “What is education”, taking the definition you gave as the thesis. When arguing your thesis, give 2 (two) examples-arguments confirming your reasoning: give one example-argument from the text you read, and the second from your life experience.

The essay must be at least 70 words.

Option 3-2015

Instructions for performing the work

The monitoring work consists of three parts, including 15 tasks. 3 hours 55 minutes (235 minutes) are allotted to complete work in the Russian language.

Part 1

1. Listen to the text, write a concise summary.

Part 2

Read the text and complete tasks 2-14.

(1) The war was a cruel and rough school, we sat not at desks, not in classrooms, but in frozen trenches, and in front of us were not notes, but armor-piercing shells and machine gun triggers. (2) We did not yet have life experience and, as a result, did not know the simple, elementary things that come to a person in everyday, peaceful life. (3) We hid tenderness and kindness. (4) The words “books”, “table lamp”, “thank you”, “please forgive me”, “peace”, “fatigue” sounded to us in an unfamiliar and unrealizable language.

(5) But our spiritual experience was filled to the limit, we could cry not from grief, but from hatred, and we could childishly rejoice at the spring flock of cranes, as we had never rejoiced - neither before the war, nor after the war. (6) I remember that in the foothills of the Carpathians, the first triangles of cranes appeared in the sky, stretched out in the white, like transparent smoke, spring clouds over our trenches - and we looked in fascination at their slow movement, guessing their path to Russia. (7) We looked at them with bated breath until the Nazis opened machine-gun fire from their trenches, tracer bullets disrupted the crane chains, and we angrily opened fire on the fascist trenches.

(8) Our generation - those that survived - returned from the war, having managed to preserve and carry within themselves through the fire this pure, radiant world, faith and hope. (9) But we have become more uncompromising to injustice, kinder to goodness, our conscience has become a second heart. (10) After all, this conscience was paid for with great blood. (11) And at the same time, for four years of war, we retained within ourselves the warmth of bygone youth, the soft shine of lanterns in the New Year’s twilight and the evening snowfall...

(12) The war has already become history. (13) But is this so?

(14) One thing is clear to me: the main participants in history are People and Time. (15) Not to forget Time means not to forget People, not to forget People means not to forget Time. (According to Yu. Bondarev)

2. Which of the statements below contains the answer to the question: “How did the war affect the narrator?”

1) He forgot how to enjoy spring, the crane school

2) His heart became hardened and hardened.

3) The narrator never remembered the war years.

4) The narrator kept goodness, faith, and hope in his heart.

3. Indicate a sentence in which the means of expressiveness of speech is syntactic parallelism.

1) We did not yet have life experience and, as a result, did not know the simple, elementary things that come to a person in everyday, peaceful life.

2) Don’t forget Time means don’t forget People, don’t forget People means don’t forget Time.

3) I remember, in the foothills of the Carpathians, the first triangles of cranes appeared in the sky, stretched out in the white, like transparent smoke, spring clouds over our trenches - and we looked in fascination at their slow movement, guessing their path to Russia.

4) But our spiritual experience was filled to the limit, we could cry not from grief, but from hatred, and we could childishly rejoice at the spring flock of cranes, as we had never rejoiced - neither before the war, nor after the war.

4. From sentences 3-4, write down a word in which the spelling of the prefix does not depend on the subsequent consonant sound.

5. From sentences 1-6, write down a word in which N/NN is determined by the rule: “Two N are written in adjectives formed using the suffix N from nouns with a stem in N.”

6. From sentences 3-5, write down contextual antonyms.

7. Replace the phrase emotional experience (sentence 5), built on the basis of the coordination connection, with a synonymous phrase with the management connection. Write the resulting phrase.

8. Write out the predicate from sentence 10.

9. Among sentences 5-7, choose a sentence with an introductory word. Enter its number.

10. Among sentences 5-7, find a sentence with a comparative phrase. Write the number of this offer.

11. Indicate the number of grammatical bases in sentence 2.

12. In the sentence below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between parts of a complex sentence connected by a subordinating connection.

But our spiritual experience was filled to the limit, (1) we could cry from grief, (2) and from hatred we could childishly rejoice at the spring flock of cranes, (3) we had never rejoiced like we had never before - neither before the war, nor after the war

13. In the sentence below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between parts of a complex sentence connected by a non-conjunction.

The war was a cruel and rough school, (1) we sat not at desks, (2) not in classrooms, (3) but in frozen trenches, (4) and in front of us were not notes, (5) but armor-piercing shells and machine gun triggers .

14. Among sentences 9-14, find non-union complex sentences. Write the numbers of these sentences.

Using the text you read, complete ONLY ONE of the tasks: 15.1, 15.2 or 15.3. Before writing your essay, write down the number of the selected task: 15.1, 15.2 or 15.3.

15.1. Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of Lev Vasilyevich Uspensky’s statement: “In language there are... words. Language has... grammar. These are the ways that language uses to construct sentences." When justifying your answer, give 2 (two) examples from the text you read.

When giving examples, indicate the numbers of the required sentences or use citations.

You can write a paper in a scientific or journalistic style, revealing the topic using linguistic material. You can start your essay with the words of L.V. Uspensky.

The essay must be at least 70 words.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

15.2. Write an argumentative essay. Explain how you understand the meaning of sentence 8: “Our generation - those who survived - returned from the war, having managed to preserve, carry within themselves through the fire this pure, radiant world, faith, hope.”

In your essay, provide two arguments from the text you read that support your reasoning.

When giving examples, indicate the numbers of the required sentences or use citations.

The essay must be at least 70 words.

If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such work is scored zero points.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

15.3.How do you understand the meaning of the word PEACE? Formulate and comment on the definition you have given. Write an essay-argument on the topic: “What is the world”, taking the definition you gave as the thesis. When arguing your thesis, give 2 (two) examples-arguments confirming your reasoning: give one example-argument from the text you read, and the second from your life experience.

The essay must be at least 70 words.

If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such work is scored zero points.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

Answer to task 1 (concise summary) assessed according to the following criteria 1:

	text compression, using them throughout the text
	The examinee used one or more techniques text compression, using them to compress two text micro-topics
	The examinee used one or more techniques text compression, using them to compress one micro-topic of text
	The examinee did not use text compression techniques
	Semantic integrity, speech coherence and sequence of presentation
	The work of the examinee is characterized by semantic integrity, speech coherence and consistency statements: the presentation is not broken;
	The work of the examinee is characterized by semantic integrity, coherence and consistency presentation, But and/or.
	But more than 1 logical error was made, and/or There are 2 cases of violation of paragraph division of the text.
Maximum number of points for a concise presentation according to criteria IR1 – IR3

Pchecking task 15.1

№ Criteria for assessing essay-reasoning on a linguistic topic (15.1)
	Availability of a reasonable answer to the question posed	Points
	The examinee cited the reasoning for theoretical level. There are no factual errors related to understanding the thesis
	The examinee provided reasoning at a theoretical level. One factual error related to understanding the thesis was made.
	The examinee provided reasoning at a theoretical level. Two or more factual errors related to understanding the thesis were made, Or the thesis has not been proven Or reasoning is given outside the context of the task, Or the thesis has been proven at the everyday level
	Availability of example arguments
	The examinee gave two example arguments from the text, correctly indicating their role in the text
	The examinee gave two example arguments from the text, But did not indicate their role in the text, Or gave two example arguments from the text, indicating the role of one of them in the text, Or gave one example argument from the text, indicating its role in the text
	The examinee gave one example argument from the text without indicating its role in the text
	The examinee did not give a single example or argument to illustrate the thesis, Or the examinee gave examples and arguments not from the text read

	– logical errors missing, sequence the presentation is not broken; – there are no violations of paragraph division of the text in the work

But one logical error was made, and/or there is one violation of paragraph division of the text in the work
	The examinee’s work reveals a communicative intent, But and/or

	And completeness, there are no errors in the construction of the text
	The work is characterized by compositional harmony and completeness But

	S1K1–S1K4

If the essay is a completely rewritten or retold text, then such work is evaluated zero points according to all verification criteria (S1K1–S1K4; GK1–GK4, FC1).

An essay written on the basis of a quotation that is different from the quotation in task 15.1 of the executed version is scored zero points according to all verification criteria.

Checking task 15.2

Criteria for assessing an essay-argument on a topic related to text analysis (15.2)
	Understanding the meaning of a piece of text	Points
	The examinee gave a correct explanation of the content of the fragment. There are no errors in interpretation.
	The examinee gave a generally correct explanation of the content of the fragment, But made one mistake in his interpretation
	The examinee gave an incorrect explanation of the content of a text fragment, Or the examinee made two or more errors when interpreting the content of a text fragment, Or There is no explanation for the content of the fragment in the examinee’s work.
	Availability of example arguments
	The examinee cited two example arguments from the text that correspond to the explanation of the content of this fragment
	The examinee cited one example argument from the text that corresponds to the explanation of the content of this fragment
	The examinee gave example(s)-argument(s) not from read text
	The examinee did not give a single example-argument, explaining the content of this fragment, or the examinee cited the quote or part of it given in the task as an example-argument
	Semantic integrity, speech coherence and consistency of the essay
	The work of the examinee is characterized by semantic integrity, verbal coherence and consistency of presentation: – no logical errors, consistency the presentation is not broken; – there are no violations of paragraph division of the text in the work
	The work of the examinee is characterized by semantic integrity, coherence and consistency of presentation, But one logical error was made, and/or there is one violation of paragraph division of the text in the work

The examinee’s work reveals a communicative intent, But more than one logical error was made, and/or there are two cases of violation of paragraph division of the text
	Compositional harmony of the work

	The work is characterized by compositional harmony and completeness But one mistake was made in the construction of the text
	There were two or more errors in the construction of the text in the work
	Maximum points for essay according to criteria S1K1–S1K4

Literacy assessment criteria (essay + presentation)

	Criteria for assessing the examinee’s literacy and actual speech accuracy
	Compliance with spelling standards
	There are no spelling errors, or no more allowed
	2–3 mistakes were made
	4 or more errors were made.
	Compliance with punctuation standards
	There are no punctuation errors, or no more were made
	3-4 mistakes were made.
	5 or more errors were made.
	Compliance with grammatical norms
	There are no grammatical errors, or 1 mistake was made.
	2 mistakes were made.
	3 or more errors were made.
	Compliance with speech norms
	There are no speech errors, or no more than 2 errors were made.
	3-4 mistakes were made.
	5 or more errors were made.
	Factual accuracy of written language
	Factual errors in the presentation of the material, as well as in there is no understanding and use of terms.
	There was 1 error in the presentation of the material or in use of terms.
	The examinee made 2 (or more) mistakes in presentation of material or use of terms.
	Maximum points for essay and presentation according to criteria FC1, GK1–GK4

When assessing literacy (GC1–GC4), one should take into account volume of presentation and essay. The standards indicated in the table are used for testing and evaluation presentations and essays, the total volume of which is 140 or more words. If the total volume essays and presentations is 70–139 words, then for each of the criteria GK1–GK4 no more than 1 point is given:

GK1 – 1 point is given if there are no spelling errors or one minor mistake is made;

GK2 – 1 point is given if punctuation errors no or one minor mistake was made;

GK3 – 1 point is given if there are no grammatical errors;

GK4 – 1 point is given if speech errors No.

If in presentation and composition In general, there are less than 70 words, then such work according to the criteria of GK1–GK4 is scored zero points. If the student only completed one view creative work(or presentation, or essay), then assessment according to the criteria GK1–GK4 is also carried out in accordance with the amount of work: – if the work contains at least 140 words, then literacy is assessed according to the table;

– if the work contains 70–139 words, then for each of the criteria GK1–GK4 no more than 1 point is given (see above);

– if the work contains less than 70 words, then such work according to the criteria of GK1–GK4 is scored zero points.

Maximum points, which can be received for completing all the work - 39 .

Keys for trial OGE-2015

Test tasks	Test options
Test tasks


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OPTION 0004
Part 1

Part 2

Read the text and complete tasks 2-14 .

(12) Heavy stomping was heard: it was a small village herd returning from the pasture; the gentle, inviting voices of the housewives were heard, ringing through the silence. (13) The “young” voice did not sound among them, but four sheep appeared in her yard without any call, stuck together like cheap candy - three adults, one a teenager. (14) Then it seemed that it was one four-headed sheep, so synchronous were all the movements and inseparable bodies. (15) This single sheep was destroyed by a teenager who could not keep up with the rapid maneuvers. (16) He fell behind and panickedly rushed after the others in order to again stick to his mother’s side. (17) And another image arose. (18) Manfully curved necks, dull meekness in the gaze, and the halo of the halo can already be seen above each flat head - four meek biblical rams hover above the ground, barely touching it with their small hooves. (19) They immediately begin to pluck the grass, immediately stop and write a new, unthinkable and unprovoked zigzag by anything external. (20) Their meanly humble behavior, rejecting even a hint of individuality and submissive behavior to who knows what, irritated them, and their thoughts predatorily turned to sacrifices, slaughter, and barbecue. (21) The “young woman” appeared with a bucket in her hand, poured water into the log and shouted something to the sheep. (22) As they ran, they beautifully reared up, turned on their hind legs and, bending their necks like a wheel, rushed to the block, only the baby couldn’t cope with the acceleration, jumped forward and, frightened, rushed after him at full speed.

(25) And there was great silence, and I, a permanent resident of the Moscow region, forgot about the silent world. (According to Yu. Trifonov)

2. Which of the statements below contains the answer to the question: “Why for the author is the Ugra one of the best small rivers in central Russia”?

1) There are a lot of fish in it.

2) These are his native places, which are dear to him.

3) Its fast flow makes the water very clean.

4) It is easy to swim in this river, as its flow is slow.

3. Indicate a sentence in which the means of expressive speech are contextual synonyms.

1) Then it seemed that it was one four-headed sheep, all the movements were so synchronous and the bodies were inseparable.

3) The mosquitoes are gone. A light breeze blowing from below, bending the grass, but not moving a leaf on the trees, forced the little demons to hide.

4) And there was great silence, and I, a permanent resident of the Moscow region, forgot about the silent world.

4. From sentences 10-16, write down a word in which the spelling of the prefix is determined by its meaning “incompleteness of action.”

5. From sentences 19-22, write down a word in which N/NN is determined by the rule: “Two N are written in adjectives formed with the suffix N from nouns with a stem in N.”

6. Choose a synonym for the word Crimson (sentence 7).

7. Replace the phrasesilent world (sentence 25), an agreement built on the basis of the connection, a synonymous phrase with the control connection. Write the resulting phrase.

8. Write down the grammatical basis of sentence 3.

9. Among sentences 5-8, select sentence(s) with isolated homogeneous definitions. Please indicate his/her number(s).

10. Indicate the number of grammatical bases in sentence 25.

11. Among sentences 1-6, find sentences with isolated circumstances. Write the number of this offer.

13. Among sentences 23-25, find a sentence with different types of communication. Write the number of this offer.

14. Among sentences 12-15, find a non-union complex sentence. Write the number of this offer.

“Vocabulary alone without grammar does not constitute a language. Only when it comes to the disposal of grammar does it acquire the greatest meaning.”

15.2 Write an argumentative essay. Explain how you understand the meaning of sentence 25: “And there was great silence, and I, a permanent resident of the Moscow region, forgot about the silent world.”

When giving examples, indicate the numbers of the required sentences or use citations.

The essay must be at least 70 words.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

15.3. How do you understand the meaning of the word MOTHERLAND? Formulate and comment on the definition you have given. Write an essay-argument on the topic: “What is the Motherland”, taking the definition you gave as the thesis. When arguing your thesis, give 2 (two) examples-arguments confirming your reasoning: give one example-argument from the text you read, and the second from your life experience.

The essay must be at least 70 words.

OPTION 0001
Part 1