home / Success stories/ When does a conscript's term of service begin and end? Commencement of military service and terms of military service for servicemen undergoing military service on conscription and under contract. Service life in the army is 1 year.

When does a conscript's term of service begin and end? Commencement of military service and terms of military service for servicemen undergoing military service on conscription and under contract. Service life in the army is 1 year.

The beginning of military service is considered:

For citizens who are not in the reserve, called up for military service - the day of departure from the military commissariat of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation to the place of military service;

For citizens (foreign citizens) enrolled in military service under the contract, - the day the contract for military service comes into force;

For citizens who have not completed military service or who have previously completed military service and enrolled in military educational institutions vocational education, - date of enrollment in the specified educational institutions.

A soldier who is a citizen who entered the military service for the first time, or a citizen who did not do military service and was called up for military training for the first time, is sworn in before the State flag Russian Federation and the Battle Banner of the military unit.

Foreigners, as mentioned above, accept the obligation.

Bringing to the Military oath (taking an obligation) is carried out:

Upon arrival of a serviceman to the first place of military service after completing the initial military training, the period of which should not exceed two months;

Upon arrival of a citizen to the first place of military training.

Before taking the Military Oath (making a commitment):

A serviceman cannot be involved in the performance of combat missions (participation in hostilities, combat duty, combat service, guard duty) and tasks during the introduction of a state of emergency and in armed conflicts;

Weapons and military equipment cannot be assigned to a serviceman;

A disciplinary sanction in the form of arrest may not be imposed on a serviceman.

For servicemen undergoing military service under a contract, the term of military service is established in accordance with the contract for military service.

The term of military service is calculated from the date of commencement of military service.

Military service expires:

a) for military personnel undergoing military service by conscription - on the appropriate date of the last month of the term of military service by conscription;

b) for military personnel undergoing military service under a contract - on the corresponding month and date last year term of the contract or on the corresponding day of the last month of the term of the contract, if the contract was concluded for a period of up to one year.

In cases where the expiration of the period of military service falls on a month in which there is no corresponding date, the specified period expires on the last day of this month.

The day of the end of military service is the day of exclusion of a serviceman from the lists of personnel of a military unit in connection with dismissal from military service, death (death), recognition as missing or declared dead.

A serviceman must be excluded from the lists of personnel of the military unit on the day of the expiration of his military service (early dismissed - no later than the end of the military service), except for the cases established by the Federal Law "On military duty and military service" and the Regulations on the procedure for military service.

The day of exclusion from the lists of personnel of a military unit is the day of completion (last day) of military service for a serviceman.

The period of military service does not count:

a) the period of stay of a serviceman in a disciplinary military unit;

b) the time of serving the disciplinary arrest by the convicted servicemen;

c) the time of unauthorized abandonment of a military unit or place of military service lasting more than 10 days, regardless of the reasons for abandonment.

For a convicted serviceman who has mastered a military specialty, who knows and accurately fulfills the requirements of military regulations and performs an impeccable service, and who is released from a disciplinary military unit after the expiration of his term of conscription, the time spent in a disciplinary military unit may be included in the period of his military service in the manner determined by the Minister of Defense RF.

For a serviceman released from a disciplinary military unit, subject to his impeccable military service, the time spent in a disciplinary military unit may be included in the term of military service by the commander of the troops of the military district or by a commander (chief) equal and higher to him, in the manner determined by the heads of the federal executive bodies. authorities in which military service is provided.

The total duration of the military service of a serviceman includes the entire time of his military service, both on conscription and under contract, including in cases of re-entry into military service.

The determination of the total duration of military service is carried out on a calendar basis.

In cases established by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, the total duration of military service is determined on a preferential basis.

For conscripted military personnel, one day of participation in hostilities or performance of tasks in armed conflicts, as well as one day of stay in medical institutions due to injuries, contusions, injuries or diseases received during participation in these actions or conflicts, is counted for two days of military service on conscription.

Since ancient times, the army has been famous for being a place where everyone can take part in the defense of their homeland. Service in the army is the duty of every Russian man. The army is a structure that changes every year. Due to military reforms, the term of service in the army was reduced from 10 years to 1 year. Now the army is equipped with everything necessary for comfortable service. Today, paying back to the Motherland is becoming an increasingly honorable occupation. But, unfortunately, not everyone can do it for health reasons. Therefore, first of all, you need to pass a medical examination. Now the recruit in the army is provided with all the conditions: high-quality food, the latest uniforms and equipment for service. The list of diseases for which they are not taken into the army is also constantly expanding.

Every year, with the approaching time of the army draft, there are many rumors about possible changes in the rules for military service. What is military service, what are the rules for its passage and what can be expected in the foreseeable future.

How many years do conscripts need to serve?

In 1993, a law came into force that reduced the service life to 18 months, and in the fleet to 2 years.
In 1996, in connection with the beginning of the Chechen campaign, a new law was adopted, according to which it was necessary to repay the debt to the Motherland for 2 years.
In the early 2000s, preparations began in Russia for the separation of conscription and contract military service, and for the reduction of conscription service from 2 years to 1 year. The transition took place in two stages:

those who joined the army in the fall of 2007 had to serve 1.5 years;
since January 2008, the service life was 12 months - 1 year.

According to the Law of the Russian Federation "On Military Duty and Military Service", young people on an emergency call are supposed to serve 12 months, regardless of the type of troops. All healthy males of the country aged 18 to 27 must pass military service in the internal troops. Upon reaching the age of 27, a citizen will not be drafted into the army.

There are two types of military service:

on the basis of compulsory conscription (by conscription);
on the basis of voluntary entry of citizens into military service (under contract).

Conscription service

Young people recovering from the call to defend the country will have to serve in the army for 12 months.

Every year, at the set time, a conscription is carried out for those who have passed the initial military registration and who are 18 years old by the day of conscription. However, first of all, citizens of older draft ages are subject to conscription, who do not have the right to deferment from conscription and various reasons have not previously been called up for military service.
The call is held twice a year:

from April 1 to July 15;
from 1 October to 31 December.

The terms of conscription for some categories of conscripts may be extended.

According to the results medical commission, as well as taking into account other data, the draft board accepts one of following decisions by conscript:

about conscription for military service;
on referral to alternative service;
granting a deferment;
for exemption from military duty.

How military service will be in 2020

The call time remains the same. The service life does not change either. At the same time, conscripts will be offered alternative options for service:

a conscript can be trained in a military department at the same time as regular studies at an institution high school in order to eventually graduate from the university with the rank of officer;
the opportunity to enter the civil service in institutions where work is equivalent to military service. It is impossible to quit or leave such a service. The term of service differs from the usual time spent in the army and is 21 months.

Do not be afraid that the young soldier will immediately fall "to the war." For the first six months, recruits stay in the so-called "schools", where they learn the intricacies of the service. And only then they go to the place of the main service, where they apply the theory in practice.

The reduction in the term of service entailed a decrease in the number of military departments in universities, as well as a reduction in the list of reasons for deferment.

Who can get a deferment from military service

those who are marked “unfit”, “temporarily unfit” or “limitedly fit” for health reasons;
those who received degree provided by the state certification system;
those young people who raise a child without a baby's mother;
who are sons or siblings of military personnel who died in the line of military duty;
persons who support disabled relatives;
serving sentences in places of deprivation of liberty;
people who have 2 or more children, or a child who is not yet 3 years old;
full-time students and graduate students;
police, fire, customs or corrections officers.

Conscription in Belarus

Service in the army in Belarus is an obligation of citizens of the Republic of Belarus, which is established in order to create a regular army that provides protection for the Republic of Belarus. The draft age is 18-27 years. The service can be implemented as:

military service by conscription - compulsory military service for men who are recognized as fit for its passage. Conscription military service is subdivided into fixed-term military service and military service of conscription officers;
service in the reserve - a type of military service in which citizens subject to conscription undergo urgent military service in military units, other organizations Armed Forces or transport troops of the Republic of Belarus, in classes and training camps in order to receive military training.

Conscription in Kazakhstan

The conscription of citizens to the army of the Republic of Kazakhstan for military service is carried out twice a year for the period: from April to June and from October to December. Citizens aged 18 to 27 are subject to conscription for urgent military service.
Upon reaching the draft age, if there are no delays for good reasons, the draftee is handed a summons in his hands during the spring and autumn draft. It will be necessary in without fail on the agenda to appear in the draft board. The service life is, as in Russia, 12 months, or a year.

Conscription in Ukraine

The draft age is 20-27 years. Conscripts who are 18 or 19 years old at the start of the recruitment campaign can also be called to the military registration and enlistment office for a medical examination, but they can start military service only if they express their personal consent. The terms for which young Ukrainians must go to the army are:

1.5 years - for guys who go to serve after school without a diploma of higher education;
1 year - for guys who managed to unlearn at the university and get a master's or specialist's degree.

Starting from 2008, the term of service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation on conscription is 12 months. It will be the same in 2019, despite the statements of the leadership of our state to increase the term of service in the army by 1.8 years. Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu and Russian President Vladimir Putin plan to increase the popularity of contract service and make the training of conscripts more efficient. Also, military personnel will be given the choice of whether to serve one year on conscription or two years on a contract basis.

The right of military personnel to choose: one year on conscription or two years on contract

In April 2014, according to the order of the President, there was an increase of five years in military service. According to it, captains of the first rank and colonels received the right to serve in the Armed Forces up to 55 years, military personnel who have lower ranks - up to 50 years, lieutenant generals and major generals - up to 60 years, and admirals, colonel generals and marshals - up to 60. But if professional soldiers reach the age set by this qualification, they will be able to renew their contract for a five-year period.

Will the term of service in the Russian army be increased to 1.8 years in 2019?

In the Russian Federation, a number of legal acts are devoted to military service. The most important of them is, of course, the fundamental law, the Constitution. According to it, or rather, according to Article 59, the conscript has the right to choose an alternative service (AGS) instead of the military one, which will be included in the length of service. Such citizens are sent to work in state-owned enterprises and receive a salary for it. Occupations for which they can apply are indicated in the list of the Ministry of Labor and social protection. Basically, this applies to such types of work as janitors, postmen and orderlies.

Although the law and order, according to which the term of service in the army for a period of 1.8 years, was not adopted, but since September 2015, a new ACS program began to function. According to it, students in state and commercial universities will be able to choose the ACS and spend 450 hours at the military department. As part of their service, they will have to spend three months in army camps in order to acquire skills for service. Also, students will have the opportunity to choose a military specialty. After they complete their alternative service, they will receive a military ID and the rank of private or sergeant.

According to the current legislation, military service takes place within a period specified by law. The term "term" has two meanings. So called either a certain period of time, or a certain moment. In military service relations, the corresponding concept is used in both senses. For example, the terms of military service of servicemen called up for military service are calculated in months - a certain period, and the day a citizen acquires the status of a serviceman, i.e. the date of the beginning of military service is a certain moment.

The term is usually associated with the emergence, change or termination of military-service legal relations. The term of military service is the time during which the military service relationship is valid.

For military personnel called up for military service, the duration of military service is imperatively determined by the Federal Law "On Military Duty and Military Service". The term of military service of servicemen undergoing military service under a contract is determined by the period specified in the contract for military service (contract term).

Unlike civil, civil procedural and other branches of law, in which terms are determined by the calculation of a period of time and a calendar date, the term of military service is established only by the expiration of a period of time calculated in years, months, days.

The term of military service is established:

For conscripted military personnel - 12 months;

For military personnel who graduated from state, municipal or state accredited in the relevant areas of training (specialties) non-state educational institutions of higher professional education, who are conscripted for military service - 12 months;

For military personnel with the military rank of officer and called up for military service - 12 months;

The period of military service does not count:

Time of stay in a disciplinary military unit and the time of serving a disciplinary sanction in the form of arrest;

The time of unauthorized abandonment of a military unit or place of military service, regardless of the reasons for abandonment, lasting more than 10 days.

Calculation of terms of military service. The specifics of military service relations determined the peculiarities of the calculation of terms. From the moment the term of military service begins, a citizen becomes a serviceman with a special legal status inherent in him, i.e. he acquires rights and duties, and responsibility is placed on him.

Unlike civil legislation (Article 191 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation), which establishes that the course of a period determined by a period of time begins on the day following the calendar date or the corresponding event, the course of military service begins at 00:00 hours on the corresponding day ( for example, the day the contract comes into force, the day of departure to the place of military service, etc.).

The beginning of the period of military service is considered:

a) for citizens called up for military service who were not in the reserve - the day of departure from the military commissariat of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation to the place of military service;

b) for citizens who entered military service under a contract - the day the contract comes into force;

c) for citizens enrolled in military educational institutions and who have not completed military service or who have completed military service earlier - the day of enrollment in these educational institutions.

The regulation on the procedure for passing military service (clause 3, article 3) establishes special rules for determining the moment of expiration of military service.

The term of military service expires for conscripted military servicemen on the corresponding date of the last month of the term of military service by conscription.

In cases where the expiration of the period of military service falls on a month in which there is no corresponding date, the specified period expires on the last day of this month. So, taking into account the fact that in March there are 31 days, and in September 30 days, the period started on March 31 will end on September 30.

Military legislation as applied to military service relations does not provide for the calculation of terms in weeks, days and hours, as well as special rules in relation to cases where the expiration of terms falls on non-working days.

The end of military service is the date of exclusion of the serviceman from the lists of personnel of the military unit.

A serviceman must be excluded from the lists of personnel of a military unit on the day of the expiration of his military service, unless:

The soldier is on inpatient treatment;

A female soldier is on maternity leave or parental leave;

A conscripted military serviceman, at his request, remains in the military unit until the day the vehicle is dispatched, carrying out individual or organized transportation of military personnel transferred to the reserve;

The soldier participates in the campaigns of ships;

A soldier is in captivity, in the position of a hostage or an internee;

A serviceman is missing without a trace - until he is declared missing in the manner prescribed by law or declared dead;

The soldier is under investigation;

In other cases established by the Regulations on the procedure for passing military service Federal Law No. 53-FZ of March 28, 1998 “On military duty and military service” (as amended and supplemented, effective from May 19, 2013) // URL: http ://www.pravo.gov.ru (date of access: 03/24/2016).

The duration of the military service of a serviceman includes all the terms of his military service, both on conscription and under a contract, including in cases of re-entry into military service.

The duration of military service is determined on a calendar basis.

In cases established by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, the duration of military service is determined on a preferential basis.

Federal Law No. 35-FZ of March 6, 2006 “On Combating Terrorism” for military personnel of federal executive bodies serving (serving) in units directly engaged in (carrying out) the fight against terrorism, one day of service is counted in the length of service for assigning pensions for a day and a half, and during participation in an anti-terrorist operation - one day of service for three days, unless the legislation of the Russian Federation provides for a more preferential calculation of length of service (Article 23).

The terms of military service also include the duration of holidays granted to servicemen, which are legal facts (events) included in the content of military service.

In the cases specified by the above-mentioned Law, the terms of military service may be increased. So, the period of military service does not count:

a) the period of stay of a serviceman in a disciplinary military unit;

b) the time of serving the arrest by the convicted servicemen;

c) the time of serving a disciplinary sanction in the form of arrest;

d) the time of unauthorized abandonment of a military unit or place of military service lasting more than 10 days, regardless of the reasons Gimaev, I.R. Military service of the Russian Federation in the conditions of administrative reform: a textbook - 2nd ed., Sr. - M.: RAGS, 2011. - 301 p.

Thus, all male citizens are subject to conscription for military service between the ages of 18 and 27. Since the call and assignment of the first military rank military service begins.

Military service is a process of changing the legal status of servicemen in connection with the occurrence of certain legal facts in the performance of military service from the moment it begins to its end, regulated by federal legislation, the Regulations on the procedure for performing military service, military regulations and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.

All of the above testifies to the precise and clear legal regulation of conscription military service, from the moment the service begins to the moment it ends.

Young people waiting for the agenda in 2020 are already worried about related questions: when will the draft events take place, how long will they serve this year? Now, i.e. in 2020, serve in the army for the same period as in 2018. The term of military service has remained unchanged since 2008.

In addition, conscripts every year hope that the government can cancel the military service, and the Armed Forces will be recruited from contract soldiers. In this article, we will try to clarify these and other questions regarding the 2020 call.

When they call

Call-up events are held annually in two stages, in spring and autumn. As a rule, students who have not passed the winter session fall into, and those who have graduated from colleges or universities and do not intend to continue their studies. Most of the autumn recruits are young people from rural areas who are involved in field work in the summer, as well as citizens who have not entered educational institutions.

It should be understood that there are no separate summer and winter calls. The misunderstanding comes from the fact that spring events take place in June and July, and autumn events take place throughout December. read more

The 2020 call-up events will be held twice:

in the spring period from April 1 to July 15;
from 1 October to 31 December.

These terms apply to most Russian citizens. Slightly different dates await certain categories of recruits:

Residents of the Far North and regions equivalent to it will be called up for service in the spring from May 1, and in the fall from October 15. Completion of events at the same time as for the rest.
Male teachers are called up only in the spring from May 1 to July 15. In the autumn they will not be taken into the army.
Young people employed in rural work, receive summons only for the autumn draft from October 15 to December 31. In the spring, they do not receive a summons, as they have to participate in sowing work.

In 2020, young people from 1990 to 2000 will be drafted into the ranks of the Armed Forces. A summons to the military registration and enlistment office cannot be brought earlier or later than the deadlines specified above.

Will the term be extended in 2020?

For young people and their parents, the issue of service life has always been a burning issue. Every time before the next recruitment, there are rumors about an increase in the term to 1.5 years or a return to a two-year army. In 2012, Sergei Shoigu, Minister of Defense, said that the term of service for conscript soldiers was 1 year. To date, there have been no changes in the legislation on this issue.

Therefore, for 2020, the annual military training remains relevant. Also, no changes are expected in the terms of alternative service - as before, 21 months remain, and if a civilian position in the military field is chosen, then 18 months.

Will military service be replaced with contract service?

Valery Gerasimov, chief of the General Staff, said in 2012 that one year of military service is enough to teach recruits the basics of military affairs. Contract soldiers will be involved in training conscripts for particularly difficult tasks. According to the plans of the Ministry of Defense, the Russian army should be annually replenished with military personnel under the contract for 50 thousand people in order to reach a professional armed forces of almost 0.5 million soldiers by the end of 2017. Today we can note that the goal was successfully achieved.

In addition, in 2011, Dmitry Medvedev said that in the next 10-15 years there is no talk of a full transition to a contract basis. The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation will be staffed according to a combined scheme - contract soldiers and conscripts. The mixed army will continue to operate in 2020.

Thus, recruits in 2020 should not hope that they may not be called up for service due to the full transition of the Armed Forces to a contract basis.

Military department

Students at the military department are not subject to conscription, and after receiving a diploma of higher education are included in the stock. At the end of the military department, a citizen is awarded an officer rank. In total, the young man masters military affairs for 450 hours.

The military department makes it possible to simultaneously receive two specialties - an additional military and a basic specialized one. But at the same time, you will have to study with a vengeance, because. failure in one of the specializations can lead to expulsion from the institute and conscription into the army.

The course of study at the military department includes the development of theoretical material, drill, fire. Training ends with military training for 30 days. At the end of the department, a document of a reserve officer is issued.

Who will not be drafted in 2020

The Federal Law "On military duty and military service" clearly indicates those categories of citizens who will not be sent to the service, but will receive a temporary exemption from conscription. The following are entitled to a deferment:

who have reached the age of 18 (they will be called up after graduation if they do not continue their studies at the university);
students of colleges and universities, as well as those who continued their studies at universities (masters, graduate students, interns, residents);
employees of internal affairs bodies;
citizens whose close relatives require permanent or temporary care due to their state of health or disability;
single fathers raising one or more children without a mother;
if there is a child under three years old in the family (after the child turns three years old, the deferment will lose its force);
if the family has two children or one child and a wife expecting the birth of a second child (there must be documentary evidence of pregnancy);
candidate for election;
current MP.

legal assistance

Conscription events are held in accordance with the law of the Russian Federation, but there are cases when employees of the military registration and enlistment offices intentionally or by coincidence violate the federal law. Violations may relate to the delivery of a summons earlier or later than the draft period, the assignment of a conscript that does not correspond to the state of health of the conscript, the call of a citizen who has the right to defer, etc. If you have become a victim of dishonesty of the members of the draft board, it is better to resort to the help of lawyers, rather than trying to solve the problem on your own.

The expert assistance of the employees of our law firm will allow them to avoid the army, they will be able to find a legal opportunity to get away from being sent to the service. On the site, by filling out the appropriate form, you can get a free consultation from an experienced specialist in recruitment affairs. You can also request a free call.