Presentation on the events of the revolution 1905 1907. Meeting of Russian factory workers

The first Russian revolution (1905-1907) Plan: 1. 2. 3. 4. The reasons for the revolution of 1905-1907, its nature. The beginning of the revolution. "Manifesto of October 17." December armed uprising. Defeat and results of the revolution. Chuprov L.A. Municipal educational institution secondary school No. 3 s. Kamen-Rybolov, Khankaisky district, Primorsky Krai

Slide 2

Objectives: To lead students to an understanding of the causes, nature, consequences of the first Russian revolution. Continue to develop the skills to analyze, generalize, draw conclusions, and work with historical documents.

Slide 3

1. What are the causes, nature, consequences of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905? 2.Why did Nicholas II strive to pursue a policy of peace in Europe? 3.What is the essence of Japan’s “Great Japan” program and Russia’s “Great Asian Program”? 4.Formulate the main reason for the war, its nature. 5. Briefly describe the course of military operations. Use the map. 6.What are the results of the Russo-Japanese War? What did Russia lose under the Portsmouth Treaty of 1905? Show these territories on the map. 7.What are the consequences of this war for Russia?

Slide 4

1.What form of government existed in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century? 2. Was there popular representation in power? 3.What political rights did the inhabitants of the Russian Empire have? 4.Has the agrarian question been resolved? Why were the peasants unhappy? 5.How did the workers live? 6.What did the residents of the national regions suffer from? 7. How did Russia’s defeat in the war with Japan affect the situation in the country? 8.Remember the reasons for the bourgeois revolutions in the West? When did Parliament appear in England? Remember the reasons for the first Russian revolution.

Slide 5

Bloody Sunday January 9, 1905. In 1904, with the help of the police and city authorities, the young priest Georgy Gapon organized the “Meeting of Russian Factory Workers of St. Petersburg.” At the end of 1904, 4 people who were members of the organization were fired from one of the factories. The assembly immediately stood up for them. This was followed by a two-day strike. On January 2, 1905, the Putilov plant stopped working and stopped. The strikers' demands included the establishment of an 8-hour working day, as well as an increase in wages. A few more days later, about 150 thousand people went on strike in St. Petersburg.

Slide 6

At meetings, Gapon called for a peaceful procession to the Tsar. He said that only the king could intercede for them. Before the events of “Bloody Sunday,” Gapon wrote a message to the Tsar, in which he spoke about the requests of the workers and all the problems. This message was the first to set out demands for political freedoms. We can say that it was practically a revolutionary program. A peaceful procession to the walls of the Winter Palace was scheduled for January 9.

Slide 7

The workers, led by Gapon, were confident that the Tsar would come out to them and listen to their proposal. Approximately 140 thousand people took to the streets of St. Petersburg on January 9. The workers marched along with their wives and children, all of them in festive attire. In their hands were portraits of the king and icons. There were armed soldiers all along the road to the Winter Palace, but no one could even imagine that they would shoot. On January 9, Nicholas II was in Tsar’s Village, but the protesters believed that he would definitely come to listen to their requests.

Slide 8

At the moment when the columns of workers approached the gates of the Winter Palace, the first shots were fired, which no one expected. At that moment, the first wounded and dead fell to the ground. Those who held icons and portraits in their hands believed that they would not be shot at. But when new shots were heard, those who were carrying these shrines began to fall to the ground. People began to run, and the crowd mixed, screams, crying and more shots were heard.

Slide 9

On that day, approximately 150 to 200 workers died and about 800 were injured. January 9 was nicknamed “Bloody Sunday.” The events of this day shocked the whole country. Portraits of the king, which were previously revered, now began to be torn and trampled. Miraculously, Georgy Gapon survived and began to call on people to fight. He wrote a new message, which included the lines: “There is no more God, there is no more king!” The beginning of the first Russian revolution was laid precisely by the events that took place on January 9. The revolution started by “Bloody Sunday” swept the entire country.

Slide 10

Revolution of 1905-1907 in Russia First Russian Revolution Date: January 9, 1905 - June 3, 1907 The nature of the revolution Bourgeois-democratic (why?) 1. Reasons: 2. 3. 4. 5. The need to eliminate feudal-serfdom remnants that hinder the development of the country (list) Contradictions between landowners and peasants (list) Contradictions between workers and the bourgeoisie (list) Contradictions between the center and the outskirts (list) Contradictions between government and society (list) Main goal: Elimination of feudal-serf remnants, liberalization of the political system; introduction of human rights and freedoms; improvement of working conditions; Organizers: Socialist Revolutionary Party, RSDLP, SDKPiL, Polish Socialist Party, General Jewish Workers' Union of Lithuania, Poland and Russia, Latvian Forest Brothers, Latvian Social Democratic Labor Party, Belarusian Socialist Community, Finnish Active Resistance Party, Poalei Zion, "Bread" and will" and others Driving forces: workers, peasants, petty bourgeoisie, intelligentsia, individual parts of the army Number of participants: Over 2,000,000 Opponents: Supporters of Emperor Nicholas II, various Black Hundred organizations, the Union of October 17 Requirements: Creation of a representative body of power, empowerment of political , economic and civil rights and freedoms, creation of labor legislation, solution of the land issue. Main forms of struggle: Strikes, strikes, armed clashes, peasant uprisings, land seizures, arson of landowners' estates. Slogans: “Down with autocracy!” "Long live the popular uprising!", Deaths and injuries: 9,000 and 8,000 respectively

Slide 11

Progress of the revolution 1905-1907 Stage I of the revolution (ascending line) January 9 - December 19, 1905  January 9, 1905 - bloody resurrection (petition, more than a thousand died, more than 5 thousand were injured).  Riots in St. Petersburg, strikes in Moscow, Riga, cities of Ukraine and Transcaucasia.  In the spring of 1905, 600 thousand people took part in strikes. The largest and most organized was in Ivanovo-Voznesensk (May 1905). The Board of Commissioners was elected here. 72 days.  In the village: pogroms and arson of landowners' estates, their seizure of barns and warehouses.  Summer of 1905, revolutionary sentiments in the army. In June there was an uprising on the battleship Potemkin. He was joined by the battleship "George the Victorious". Autumn-winter 1905 is the highest point of the revolution.  A political strike begins in Moscow, which on October 15 grew into an All-Russian political strike. Slogans appear: “Down with autocracy!” “Long live the national uprising!” Demands are put forward: the introduction of freedoms, the convening of a Constituent Assembly.  In the All-Russian October Political. 2 million people took part in the strike. 1/3 of the counties are engulfed in peasant uprisings.  On December 10, 1905, an armed uprising begins in Moscow. The center of the struggle is Krasnaya Presnya. The Semenovsky Guards Regiment suppressed the uprising. (The Moscow garrison sympathized with the rebels). On December 19, the uprising was stopped.  In Rostov-on-Don, militant detachments fought with troops in the Temernik area on December 13-20. In Yekaterinoslav, the strike that began on December 8 developed into an uprising. The working-class district of the city of Chechelevka was in the hands of the rebels until December 27. Stage II of the revolution (descending line) 1906-3 June 1907

REVOLUTION 1905 - 1907: causes of the revolution Unresolved agrarian question:
preservation of landownership,
land shortage and poverty of peasants
The plight of industrial
workers: low wages, long hours
working day (on average - 12 hours),
lack of social insurance.
Inconsistency with political
autocratic monarchy systems
socio-economic relations
industrial society: absence
representative bodies of power, legal
political parties and democratic
freedoms
National oppression and Russification.

REVOLUTION 1905 – 1907: periodization and character

PERIOD 1: beginning of the revolution (January - February
1905)
PERIOD 2: upward development of the revolution
lines (March–August 1905)
PERIOD 3: the highest rise of the revolution (October December 1905)
4. PERIOD: development of the revolution in descending order
lines (1906 – June 3, 1907)
CHARACTER OF THE REVOLUTION:
By task: bourgeois
By driving force: bourgeois-democratic

Bloody Sunday January 9
1905 in St. Petersburg.
The workers brought a petition to the Tsar with
economic, political and
social requirements.
The performance had a social
character, took part in it
140 thousand people. January 9th was
96 people were killed and 333 were injured.

REVOLUTION 1905 – 1907: the beginning of the revolution

Workers' strikes in solidarity with St. Petersburg
the proletariat marched throughout the country: in Moscow, Riga, Lodz,
Warsaw, Tiflis. In total, more than
800 thousand people. At the end of January, the all-Russian
student, political strike.
In February 1905, Ivan Kalyaev killed the former Moscow
Governor of the Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich.
GOVERNMENT RESPONSE:
January 18, 1905 - resignation of the Minister of Internal Affairs P.D.
Svyatopolk-Mirsky and the appointment of A.G. Bulygin.
in February 1905, the emperor’s rescript about his intention to attract
elected representatives to the legislative process.

Increasing the political activity of the masses, involvement in
movement of layers previously distant from politics, unification
wide circles of the intelligentsia and the liberal bourgeoisie. IN
April 1905, the Third Congress of the RSDLP and the Geneva
Menshevik conference.
Strike movement: May 1, 1905 nationwide
There were demonstrations and strikes by workers. The strikes resulted in
armed clashes.
Creation of Soviets: On May 12, a citywide strike of 70,000 textile workers began in Ivanovo-Voznesensk and its
surroundings, leading to the creation of the first in Russia
citywide Council of Workers' Deputies.
Movement in the army and navy: June 14 - 25, 1905 uprising
on the battleship "Prince Potemkin-Tavrichesky". June 15-18 uprising of the Baltic naval crews in Libau. All the riots
depressed.

REVOLUTION 1905 – 1907: ascending development

REVOLUTION 1905 – 1907: ascending development

Peasant movement: pogroms of landowners' estates;
formation of “peasant republics” (Markov Republic
October 31, 1905 - July 18, 1906: the villagers elected at a meeting
"President of the Republic" peasant P. A. Burshin and took
seized control over the inner life).
National movement: protests against the authorities in
Poland, Latvia, Georgia: refusal to pay taxes, speeches
against the landowners.
Political terrorism of the Socialist Revolutionary Military Organization
GOVERNMENT RESPONSE:
Project of the “Bulygin Duma”: August 6, 1905 - acts on
“Establishment of the State Duma” and “Regulations on elections
to the Duma." The State Duma was planned as
advisory representative body elected for 5 years
based on qualifications and class suffrage.

All-Russian October political strike:
Railway strike in Moscow on October 7. October 10 –
citywide strike. Since October 12, the strike movement has spread
and St. Petersburg. By mid-October the political strike had spread throughout
country. It ceased with the adoption of the Manifesto on October 17.
About 2 million people took part.
The revolt of the sailors under the command of Lieutenant P.P.
Schmidt November 11–15, 1905. It started on the cruiser Ochakov.
It was joined by 12 Black Sea Fleet vessels, incl. "Saint Panteleimon"
(former Potemkin-Tavrichesky). Schmidt and other leaders
the rebels were tried and executed.
December armed uprising in Moscow: general
a workers' strike that turned into an uprising. Construction and defense
barricades In total, up to 8 thousand people took part in the uprising.
Lasted from December 8 to December 19. Using regular parts
resistance was crushed. The last stronghold of the rebels -

REVOLUTION 1905 – 1907: the highest rise of the revolution

REVOLUTION 1905 – 1907: the highest rise of the revolution

GOVERNMENT RESPONSE:
Manifesto October 17, 1905 “About
improvement of public
order": the granting of common
civil liberties
(personal integrity,
freedom of conscience, speech, assembly and
unions), there was talk about expanding
voting rights in elections
State Duma, which received
the right to approve laws.
On October 19, 1905, a manifesto was published on
creation of government
body headed by the chairman
Council of Ministers. He was
appointed Count S. Yu. Witte

REVOLUTION 1905 – 1907: formation of political parties

Monarchists: Union of the Russian People, Russian People's Union
named after Michael the Archangel. PROGRAM: recovery
autocracy, nationalism, anti-Semitism.
Cadets: (KDP) - On October 12-18, 1905, the First Congress was held in Moscow.
PROGRAM: The Fight for Civil Liberties, Introduction
constitution and parliament, restoration of state
autonomy of Finland and Poland, alienation of up to 60% of landowners
lands, introduction of an 8-hour day, social insurance.
Octobrists: (Union of October 17). PROGRAM:
constitutional monarchy with a strong government
autocrat, cultural autonomy.
The split among the Socialist Revolutionaries into the Labor People's Socialist Party
party (People's Socialists, or Popular Socialists, rejected terror) and
“Union of Socialist-Revolutionary Maximalists” (betting on terror).
April 10-25, 1906 - IV (unification) Congress of the RSDLP (in
conditions of the revolution - the unification of the Mensheviks and Bolsheviks.

REVOLUTION 1905 – 1907: descending development

23
April
1906
were
approved
Basic
laws
V
Russian
empires.
Form
board
–
dualistic monarchy with
strong
imperial
power and presence of organs
legislative
authorities:
State Duma and
State Council.
Laws without the approval of the Duma
could
publish
V
emergency
ok
between sessions.

REVOLUTION 1905 – 1907: I State Duma

The first meeting of the State Duma took place on April 27
1906 in the Tauride Palace. Chairman cadet professor S.A. Muromtsev. The composition of the Duma was dominated by
Cadets, Trudoviks and non-party people. Socialist-Revolutionaries and Social Democrats announced
boycott. Worked for 72 days. The main issue: agricultural.
from the cadets “project 42”: the creation of a state
land fund for allocating land to the peasantry with
inclusion of state, monastery and part of landowners' lands.
They advocated the preservation of exemplary landowner farms.
from the Trudoviks “Project 104”: allotment of land according to labor
norm at the expense of state, monastic and privately owned
lands exceeding the labor norm, the introduction of equalization of labor land use.
from the Socialist Revolutionaries “project of 33”: destruction of private property
to the land and declaring it the property of the population of Russia.
July 8, 1906 I The Duma was dissolved.

REVOLUTION 1905 – 1907: II State Duma

In terms of party composition, it turned out to be “to the left” of the previous one.
The majority were Cadets, Trudoviks, Social Democrats and
Social Revolutionaries.
The Second State Duma lasted only 102 days.
From the very beginning of its work, the Duma took an opposition position
position: insisted on the government's responsibility to
deputies, demanded to change internal policy, including
including those relating to the death penalty. Not recognizing tough
Stolypin's policy towards radicals, the Duma rejected
a number of Stolypin’s reforms, including agrarian, including -
CANCELLATION OF PURCHASE PAYMENTS.
P. A. Stolypin set a course for its dissolution. June 3, 1907 II
The State Duma was dissolved.

REVOLUTION 1905 – 1907: results and significance

Replacement of autocracy
dualistic monarchy with
representative body
legislative branch
Democratic rights granted:
personal integrity,
freedom of conscience, speech, assembly
political parties
Liberalization of politics in
Finland
Redemption payments canceled
Not resolved:
agrarian question
question of responsibility
government before the people

• What were the causes and reasons for the start of the revolution?
• What are the challenges facing the revolution?
• Tell us about the events of the first stage of the revolution?

• Manifesto October 17, 1905
• The end of the revolution
• State Duma as a compromise between tsarism and liberalism

Lesson assignment

Problematic question:

By October 1905, workers in the country's major industrial centers were on strike. A revolutionary wave swept the village - the peasants smashed and burned the estates of the landowners. Students and intellectuals, the army, and the navy were increasingly drawn into the revolutionary movement.

Revolutionary events in the country intensified, in the fall of 1905. Moscow becomes the center of the revolutionary movement. The Moscow uprising was the high point of the revolution.

The government was taken by surprise by this revolutionary explosion.

It was losing control of the situation. Traditional measures of struggle - mass arrests, exile, the use of troops to disperse demonstrations - were not successful.

In government circles they started talking about the need for concessions. The seriousness of the situation was finally realized by the king himself. The supreme power was forced to make concessions. October 17, 1905. the king signed Manifesto “On Improving Public Order.”

Manifesto “On the improvement of public order” (P.43 UC-KA).

To grant the population the unshakable foundations of civil freedom on the basis of actual personal inviolability, freedom of conscience, speech, assembly and association.

... To attract to participation in the Duma ... those classes of the population that are now completely deprived of voting rights ...

Establish as an unshakable rule that no law can be adopted without the approval of the State Duma...

QUESTION: What rights did the Russian population receive?

What new government body was promised in the manifesto?

• What powers did he have? What new did he introduce into the political system of the Russian Empire?

T.O., the State Duma became the highest legislative body. October 19, 1905 The Council of Ministers was created. The chairman was S.Yu. Witte.

Essay: “Dear mother,” Nicholas II addressed his mother a day after signing the Manifesto, “you cannot imagine how much I suffered. The only consolation is that this is the will of God and that this difficult decision will lead dear Russia out of the unbearable, chaotic state in which it has been for almost a year.”

QUESTION: Why was the question of the Constitution so painful for Nicholas II, since many monarchs of Western Europe decided to limit their power?

End of 1905 – first half of 1906

Uprising on the cruiser "Ochakov" -

At the beginning a general strike was called. The railway junction was blocked. The Muscovites were supported by the workers of St. Petersburg. By December 10, the strike had developed into an armed uprising. Presnya became its center. The government sent the Semenovsky regiment from St. Petersburg to suppress the uprising. The uprising was localized in the Presnya region and on December 19 the Moscow Council decided to end it. A wave of arrests and mass shootings swept through the city.

Heroic

End of 1905 – first half of 1906

• Workers' speeches
• Increased peasant unrest
• Punitive actions of the authorities:

• December 1905 – ban on strikes;
• February 1906 - restriction

freedom of speech and press

• In April, the Tsar approved the “Basic Laws of the Russian Empire.”
• April 27 – July 8, 1906 – first State. Thought

The end of the revolution.

• July 1906 – head of the Council of Ministers A.P. Stolypin
• February 20 – June 3, 1907 – second State. Thought
• Decline in protests by workers and peasants

In 1905, 3 million people went on strike,

in 1906-1 million

in 1907-740 thousand .

• Juneteenth Monarchy

The State Duma as a compromise between tsarism and liberalism.

Compound: liberal parties 43%; Trudoviks and Social Democrats 23%; nationalists 14%; The Bolsheviks boycotted, the Black Hundreds did not pass. Key questions- agrarian, Russian democratization program. Dissolved, as “sowing confusion.”

Compound:“Liberal bloc” (Socialist Revolutionaries, Trudoviks and Social Democrats) - 43%;

Cadets - 19%;

Black Hundreds - 10%

Nationalists and Octobrists – 15%

Key questions: agricultural, taxation, political freedoms. Dissolved under the pretext of preparing a coup d'etat

Political parties at the beginning of the twentieth century.

• At the beginning of the twentieth century, a multi-party system was allowed in Russia, this is confirmed by the Manifesto of October 17, 1905.

All parties can be divided into three directions: monarchical, liberal and revolutionary democratic. The main issue for everyone was agriculture.

Lesson assignment

Draw a conclusion on the topic of the lesson.

Conclusion: The revolution was incomplete, since it could not solve all the problems that gave rise to it. The main result of the revolution was that it forced the supreme power to make some changes in the country's political system and come to grips with the agrarian issue.

Problematic question :

Why did this revolution not lead to the fall of the existing system?

• Homework: Par.8, question 2-3,
• Par.9. question 1 (written)

The first Russian revolution of 1905-1907. Completed by: 11th grade student Olga Yukhacheva, teacher N.I. Balandina.

Causes of the revolution. In the early 900s, an economic crisis broke out in Russia. In 1904, war with Japan began. The need and misfortune of the broad masses of the people increased sharply. In 1905, a revolution broke out in Russia, caused by a socio-economic and political crisis (the neglected agrarian question, defeat in the Russo-Japanese War, the growth of the strike movement). The impetus for its beginning was the shooting of a peaceful workers’ demonstration in St. Petersburg.

Stages of the revolution. January 9, 1905 – “Bloody Sunday” Workers’ strikes May 1905 – Council of Workers’ Deputies June 1905 – Uprising on the battleship “Potemkin” Autumn 1905 – All-Russian October strike December armed uprising

Bloody Sunday in St. Petersburg At the end of December 1904, the management of the Putilov plant fired four workers. The Putilovites stood up to defend their comrades. But the workers’ demands were not met and on January 3 they went on strike. Now the workers not only insisted on accepting those laid off, they put forward broader demands: to establish an 8-hour working day; establish an elected commission from workers to resolve controversial issues with the administration; improve working conditions, increase wages.

Petition about the needs of the people 1) “Sovereign! We, the workers of the city of St. Petersburg, our wives and children and helpless elders and parents came to you, sir, to seek truth and protection. We are impoverished, we are oppressed, burdened with backbreaking labor, we are abused, we are not recognized as people, we are treated like slaves who must endure our bitter fate and remain silent.” 2) “Here we are looking for the last salvation. Do not refuse to help your people, bring them out of the grave of lawlessness, poverty, ignorance, give them the opportunity to decide their own destiny, throw off the unbearable oppression of officials. Destroy the wall between you and your people, and let them rule the country with you." 3) “If you don’t respond to our prayer, we will die here, in this square, in front of your palace. We have nowhere else to go and no reason to. We have only two paths: either to freedom and happiness, or to the grave...”

Worker strikes Workers erected barricades on Vasilyevsky Island, seized a weapons workshop and took away weapons. Fighting also took place in other areas of the city. Barricades were built on Nevsky near Gostiny Dvor, on Maly and Sredny prospects. Protest strikes swept the entire country. Almost half a million workers went on strike in Russia

Council of Workers' Deputies. One of the first councils to arise was in Ivanovo-Voznesensk, a major center of the textile industry. On May 12, textile workers went on strike, covering up to 70 thousand people, led by the Ivanovo-Voznesensk Bolsheviks. The strikers demanded the introduction of an 8-hour working day, the establishment of a minimum wage, improved working conditions, and the convening of a Constituent Assembly. The meeting of authorized workers' deputies of Ivanovo-Voznesensk became one of the first Councils of workers' deputies and existed for more than 2 months. In the fall of 1905, Soviets of Workers' Deputies arose in more than 50 cities and workers' settlements.

Mutiny on the battleship Potemkin

All-Russian October political strike. The forces of the revolution were preparing for a decisive assault on the autocracy. It began with the October general political strike. The initiative of the strike belonged to proletarian Moscow, which since September 1905 became the main center of the revolutionary struggle. On September 19, Moscow printers went on strike. On September 23, striking workers took to the streets with red flags. Cossacks and police were thrown against the workers. From September 24 to 28, real battles took place on the streets of Moscow. The action of Muscovites was supported by workers in St. Petersburg, Saratov, Kharkov, Kyiv, Kaluga, Odessa and other cities. The country was on the eve of a general strike.

October 7 – railway strike. One after another, enterprises stopped working, trams stopped, the telephone did not work, electricity was turned off, pharmacies, banks, and educational institutions were closed. By October 17, the strike had spread throughout the city.

December armed uprising

Historical significance and results of the revolution. Shorter working hours and higher wages for the working class. Cancellation of redemption payments for peasants. Workers received the right to form trade unions. Abolition of criminal penalties for strikers. The revolution shook the foundations of the Tsar's autocracy to the core. The supreme power took up the agrarian question.

Slide 2

Name the ways of social development. Remember the concept of revolution.

A revolution is a radical change in the existing system, accompanied by violence.

Slide 3

1890 – 1900 “golden decade in economic development”

• 1900 - 1903 – economic crisis.
• 1904 – 1905 – unsuccessful Russian-Japanese war.

Slide 4

Causes of the revolution

• Remnants of serfdom.
• Preservation of large land holdings.
• Peasant land shortage.
• Agrarian overpopulation of the center.
• Work question.
• National question.
• Lack of democratic rights and freedoms.

Slide 5

Slide 6

• The nature of the revolution: bourgeois-democratic.
• The hegemon (the main driving force) is the working class.
• Social forces: bourgeoisie, workers, peasants.
• The main means of struggle: strikes (collective organized cessation of work in an organization or enterprise in order to achieve the fulfillment of any demands).

Slide 7

Two lines of revolution: ascending and descending.

• Rising - the rise of the revolution: January - December 1905.
• Radicalization of demands, mass character of the revolution.

Slide 8

Main events of the revolution 1905 - 1907

• January 9, 1905 – Bloody Sunday.
• May 12, 1905 – strike in Ivanovo-Voznesensk.
• Summer 1905 – mutiny on the battleship Potemkin
• October 15, 1905 – All-Russian political strike.
• December 1905 - armed uprising in Moscow.

Slide 9

Slide 10

Meeting of Russian factory workers

The Assembly of Russian Factory Workers of St. Petersburg (1904-1906) is one of the first mass legal workers' organizations in Russia, founded by the priest Georgy Gapon. The “Meeting” played a leading role in the beginning of the First Russian Revolution of 1905-1907. By the beginning of 1905, the “Assembly” united about 10,000 workers. The “meeting” prepared a Petition of workers and residents of St. Petersburg and organized a procession to the Tsar on Bloody Sunday 1905

Slide 11

Georgy Gapon - initiator of the procession to the Winter Palace

Russian Orthodox priest, politician and trade union leader, outstanding speaker and preacher. The founder and leader of the labor organization “Meeting of Russian Factory Workers of St. Petersburg”, the organizer of the January labor strike and the mass march of workers to the Tsar on the day of “Bloody Sunday” January 9 (22), 1905, which ended with the execution of workers and marked the beginning of the First Russian revolution of 1905-1907. After January 9, 1905, he was a leader of the Russian revolutionary emigration, organizer of the Geneva Inter-Party Conference of 1905, participant in the failed preparation of an armed uprising in St. Petersburg with the help of weapons from the ship John Grafton, founder of the revolutionary organization All-Russian Workers' Union. After returning to Russia in October-November 1905, he became the leader of the revived “Meeting of Russian Factory Workers of St. Petersburg,” an ally of Count Witte, a supporter of the reforms proclaimed by the Manifesto of October 17, and an opponent of armed methods of struggle. In March 1906, he was killed in Ozerki by a group of Socialist Revolutionary militants on charges of collaboration with the authorities and betrayal of the revolution.

Slide 12

Bloody Sunday

January 9, 1905 – Bloody Sunday. dispersal of a peaceful procession of St. Petersburg workers to the Winter Palace, which had the goal of presenting a collective Petition on workers' needs to Tsar Nicholas II
140 thousand people moved to the royal palace. About 1 thousand people were killed, 2 thousand were wounded.

Slide 13

The first concessions of the autocracy

• A commission has been created to regulate relations between workers and entrepreneurs.
• On January 18, Nicholas II signed a decree inviting elected representatives of the population to participate in the preliminary development of bills.

Slide 14

April 1905 – ΙΙΙ Congress of the RSDLP

Order of the day:

• Tactical questions: armed uprising, attitude towards government policy on the eve and at the time of the coup, attitude towards the peasant movement;
• Organizational issues: relations between workers and intellectuals in party organizations, Party Charter;
• Attitude to other parties and movements: attitude to the breakaway part of the RSDLP, attitude to national social democratic organizations.

Slide 15

Revolution in the spring - summer of 1905

200 thousand people took part in the May Day strikes.
Clashes between demonstrators and police in Warsaw and Lodz.
In Lodz the strike grew into a workers' uprising.

Slide 16

May 12, 1905 – strike in Ivanovo-Voznesensk. Lasted 72 days.

• The Council of Workers' Representatives was created.
• He led the police and maintained order. Turned into a government agency.
• The Council was headed by A. Nozdrin.

Slide 17

May 1905 – Peasant Union

Requirements:

• Abolition of private ownership of land.
• Confiscation of landowners' land.
• Transfer of land into common ownership.
• Convening of the Constituent Assembly.