Soviet symbols and evil nonsense. Symbols of the USSR - star Soviet symbols coat of arms flag, etc.

Look at a few symbols of the Soviet era. These are the symbols
without which it was impossible to imagine our life when we were all citizens of the Soviet Union.
And yet there is something about them that unites everyone.

Aurora salvo

Every sailor knows this sign. The sailors of the Aurora also knew her. A woman on a ship means trouble. But this woman was so beautiful that the sailors did not dare to refuse her, they could not drive her away from the ship. Tall, slender, dressed in a snow-white dress that set off her stern pallor. “Like a statue come to life,” the sailors recalled. It was this woman who boarded the Aurora on the evening of October 25, 1917, and it was she who gave the order to fire a blank shot at 21:40. And the sailors did not dare to disobey her... This legend has lived since Commander Ognev fired that very shot from the Aurora’s gun, which became not just a signal for the storming of the Winter Palace, but the starting point of a new era. An era that radically changed life huge country. Historians who studied the October events of 1917 argued that the mysterious stranger could be the famous revolutionary and writer Larisa Reisner. But people said that the beauty was in fact the “spirit of the revolution” and disappeared immediately after the shot.

“Every person knows: Artek, a glorious children’s camp, begins with a capital letter A.” This is what Samuil Marshak wrote about Artek. But in Soviet time“Artek” was not just a “glorious children’s camp” - it was a showcase that they loved to show to foreigners, they say, “look how our children are relaxing, look and envy!” Presidents, prime ministers, kings and queens, astronauts, artists and writers have been here. If any important foreign guest found himself in Crimea, he was necessarily taken to Artek. Artek is a unique phenomenon, the phenomenon of which is difficult to explain. Children from all over the USSR and from other countries went to Crimea not just to relax and improve their health. In “Artek” there was always a spirit of collectivism (not a crowd or a flock, but a close-knit team), some kind of special Artek atmosphere. And during the short summer shift, Artek employees became almost like family to the children.

Baikal-Amur Mainline

According to plans, through traffic on the BAM was to open in 1985. However, construction was completed a year ahead of schedule. On September 29, 1984, at the Bambukhta crossing in the Chita region, a “golden junction” took place - the builders, who had been walking towards each other from the east and west for 10 years, met. As at any Soviet “construction site of the century,” the volume of work completed was amazing. During the construction of the BAM and highway roads, builders moved more than 600 million cubic meters of soil over ten years, threw about 4,200 bridges and pipes across rivers and watercourses, laid more than 5 thousand kilometers of main and station tracks, built 56 railway stations and 119 crossings. Up to half a million people took part in the construction of the highway. And as often happened, next to the grandiose volumes and incredible labor feats, there was complete everyday disorder of the people who performed these feats. The road was built, the trains were launched, everything was reported, but the people were forgotten...

Vladimir Vysotsky

Vladimir Semyonovich began writing songs in the early 60s. At first it was the “thieves” romance that was fashionable in those days. The recordings of Sergei Kuleshov (Vysotsky was “hiding” under this pseudonym for some time) began to spread throughout Moscow, but did not bring creative satisfaction to the author himself. And only after the song “Submarine” appeared, Vysotsky could say to himself: “I am a poet!” “‘Submarine’ was already serious,” recalled one of the poet’s closest friends, Igor Kokhanovsky. “And I think that it was this song that announced that the time of his creative youth was over.”

Grand Theatre

“To support him with all kinds of theatrical performances, as well as concerts, dances and masquerades, and besides him, not allow anyone to have any such entertainment during the entire time appointed by the privilege, so that he would not be undermined.” March 17, 1776 by decree of Her Imperial Majesty Catherine II Grand Duke Pyotr Vasilyevich Urusov received the exclusive right to maintain a Russian theater troupe and the obligation to build a building in Moscow on Bolshaya Petrovskaya Street in which opera, ballet and dramatic performances could be performed year-round. It is this day that is considered the founding date of the Bolshoi Theater, a unique phenomenon in history not only Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, but the entire world culture. "Bolshoy" is Russian word any foreigner who has visited Moscow understood without translation. A symbol in the history of which the era itself is reflected, as in a mirror, majestic and tragic at the same time. Prince Urusov set to work with zeal, but, alas, the not yet completed theater, due to carelessness, burned down without opening. The affairs of Pyotr Urusov, who had invested almost all of his fortune in the theater, were on the verge of collapse, and he transferred the privilege of the theater to his partner Michael Maddock. The Englishman turned out to be more successful and completed the work he started. On December 30, 1780, on the opening day of the theater, then called Petrovsky, a ceremonial performance of two parts was given - the allegorical prologue “Wanderers” and the pantomime ballet “The Magic School”. The Petrovsky Theater troupe consisted of 13 actors, 9 actresses, 4 dancers, 3 dancers with a choreographer and 13 musicians. In those days, artists had to be, as they say, “multi-stage performers” - they played in drama, opera, and ballet.

Yuri Gagarin

Once the famous State Television and Radio announcer Yuri Levitan was asked: “What events in your broadcasting work do you remember most?” “May 9, 1945 is Victory Day and April 12, 1961 is the day of Yuri Gagarin’s flight into space,” Yuri Borisovich answered without hesitation. - May 9 - it’s clear why: we waited a long time for the end of the Great Patriotic War. But man's flight into space was expected and not expected. It seemed to us that it would be possible in two or three years. And suddenly!..". But you can’t say more precisely. May 45th and April 61st... Two great Victories. Victory over a terrible enemy and Victory over the force of gravity that kept man on Earth... Those who had the opportunity to experience both of these events recalled that they had never experienced such emotional upliftment in their lives. Pride, a feeling of something super-important and super-historical - that’s what April 1961 was all about. Pride not only for the country, for that guy with an amazingly magical smile, but also for himself. After all, I live in this country, I work for this country, which means that there is my contribution to this cosmic breakthrough, mine, albeit microscopically small, but still a personal bit... The day of April 12, 1961 began at 9:07 am Moscow time time. No, the usual day began, as expected, at midnight, at 00 hours 00 minutes. But the historical day, the cosmic day, the day that marked the beginning of a new era in the life of mankind, began in the morning at 9 hours 7 minutes. It was at this moment that a launch vehicle carrying the Vostok spacecraft launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome. On board spaceship there was pilot Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin.

"Seventeen Moments of Spring"

“When Stirlitz walks through the streets of Berlin, the streets of all cities of the Soviet Union are empty...” The success of “Seventeen Moments of Spring” was simply stunning. The first episode of the film was shown at half past eight in the evening on August 11, 1973. And just three months later, as they said in those days, “at numerous requests from the working people,” the series was shown again. Since then, “Seventeen Moments of Spring” has been shown hundreds, if not thousands, of times on various channels. To say that the film was popular among television viewers is to say absolutely nothing. The series “Seventeen Moments of Spring” after its first showing became a phenomenon of the country’s cultural life, and its characters became folklore characters. Stirlitz stood on a par with Ilya Muromets and Chapaev. What is the secret of the film? Answering this question, Vyacheslav Tikhonov once said: “In “Seventeen Moments...” there is a balance between fiction and fact, between harshness and cruelty, there is lyrics, but there is no sentimentality, no simplifications. There is no formulaic indisputability of right and wrong actions in it. There are images and historical truth, there is no “overkill” of artistic assumptions.”

Lenin Mausoleum

On January 21, 1924, at 18:50, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin died at a dacha in Gorki near Moscow. The next day, Professor of the Department of Pathological Anatomy of Moscow University Alexey Ivanovich Abrikosov performed temporary embalming of the body (a mixture of alcohol, formaldehyde and glycerin was injected through the aorta). “Will he lie in the crypt for two months?” - Abrikosov was asked at a meeting of the USSR Central Executive Committee. "I think yes. If it's dry and cool." The famous architect Alexei Viktorovich Shchusev was invited to the same meeting, who was entrusted with the construction of a temporary crypt for Lenin’s coffin. It is interesting that until 1917 Shchusev built churches, mainly in Ukraine. His first independent work there was a project for the iconostasis of the Assumption Cathedral of the Kiev Pechersk Lavra. According to his designs, the monastery complex in Ovruch, the Trinity Cathedral of the Pochaev Lavra, and several other churches were built. Among other famous works of Shchusev are the Kazansky railway station in Moscow, the building of the Moscow Hotel, he took part in the development of the project for the post-war restoration and reconstruction of Khreshchatyk. But his most famous work, of course, was the Lenin Mausoleum...

"Blue Light"

On April 6, 1962, a new weekly program appeared on Central Television. Tables were placed near the set depicting the Shabolovsky TV tower; the atmosphere in the studio looked like an evening cafe. So the name was born by itself - “Television Cafe”, after some time transformed into “Blue Light”. Initially, the authors wanted to make a musical program based on performances by artists of various pop genres. The “Television Cafe” differed from the usual concert in that the hosts were artists who not only broadcast from the television screen, but could also perform songs themselves. In addition, the presenters did not just announce “and now so-and-so will perform,” but also talked with the artists before their performance. The first episode of “Television Cafe” was hosted by Mikhail Nozhkin, Boris Brunov and Roza Uruzbaeva.

"Worker and Collective Farm Woman"

In Paris, Mukhina's brilliant work created a sensation. The sculpture “Worker and Collective Farm Woman” quite naturally received a large gold medal The Grand Prix. What was striking was not just its scale (the 24-meter statue was installed on the roof of a 35-meter pavilion), but the admiration of the audience was aroused by the swiftness of the two figures, the dynamism of the image, and the clear connection of the statue with the architecture of the entire Soviet pavilion. “The perception of this group against the backdrop of the Parisian sky showed how active sculpture can be, not only in the overall ensemble of the architectural landscape, but also in its psychological impact,” recalled Vera Mukhina. “The highest joy of an artist is to be understood.” The exhibition ended, the fanfare died down, and “Worker and Collective Farm Woman” had to return home. Initially, they planned to install the sculpture on the Volga, on a dam near Rybinsk. But after “Worker and Collective Farm Woman” was admired in Paris, Rybinsk seemed an “undignified” place for the sculpture, and they decided to install it in Moscow at the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition (VSKhV). Vera Ignatievna Mukhina sharply objected to this, believing that the pedestal, which is three times lower than the exhibition pavilion, destroys the artistic perception of the sculptural group: “The figures crawl, not fly.” The author dreamed of seeing her creation on Vorobyovy Gory, where, in her opinion, it would look from an advantageous angle.

Committed by the Bolsheviks in October 1917. The revolution also meant the elimination of old symbols. The Bolsheviks sought to put an end to the old symbols as quickly as possible and establish their own symbols. In particular, the red banner became such a symbol. According to experts on Soviet symbolism, red, the color of fire and blood, has long symbolized the struggle of the oppressed with the oppressors - slaves with slave owners, serfs with feudal lords, proletarians with the bourgeoisie. In the 19th century, under the red banners, the Western European proletariat fought for their rights and a decent life. The red flag became the main symbol of the Parisian communards in 1871, who dreamed of a fair and free society.

Like a sign revolutionary movement The red flag in Russia first waved in 1876 in St. Petersburg during a rally held by the populist organization “Land and Freedom”. Since then, the red banner has accompanied all the revolutionary actions of the working people - May marches and strikes, rallies and uprisings. It fluttered on the barricades and on the flagpoles of revolutionary ships. In 1905, it was raised by the crew of the mutinous battleship Potemkin.

It is not surprising that Russia greeted February 1917 with red banners. Columns of demonstrators walked with them. They were hung on buildings. They were sent to the front to fighting units during the First World War.

The red color of the revolution did not change even after the October events of 1917.

In April 1918, a decree on the flag of the RSFSR was approved: The flag of the Russian Republic is a red banner with the inscription “Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic”.

In October 1918, the red Soviet flag was raised over the Moscow Kremlin. True, the Kremlin towers at that time were still crowned with double-headed eagles.

In November 1918, emblems of the old, tsarist regime were burned in Moscow squares. The tricolor panels of the former state flags also flew into the fire.

Since then white-blue-red Russian flag became disgraced.

Since August 1918, units of the Red Army were given Honorary Revolutionary Red Banners as a reward for military merits.

Later, “challenging” red banners and pennants for institutions and enterprises appeared.

After the formation of the USSR in 1922, the state flag of the USSR, according to the Constitution of 1924, was a red or scarlet cloth with an image on its upper corner near the shaft of a golden sickle and hammer and above them a red five-pointed star framed by a gold border. The USSR flag remained this way until 1991.

The flags of the union republics were of the same type. Their red banners, in addition to the hammer, sickle and five-pointed star, bore the names of the republics. These flags changed only at the turn of the 1940s-1950s, when white, blue, light blue and green stripes were introduced into the flags of the republics. The last of the flags of the union republics was the RSFSR flag.

This happened on January 9, 1954. To the red cloth was added a narrow blue stripe along the shaft. It symbolized the natural resources and water expanses of Russia.

Our grandparents, our mothers and fathers remember well the red flags of the USSR and their school pioneer red ties, which were part of the red banner. The red flag became the banner of the Victory of the peoples of the Soviet Union over fascism. We treat with care unique story our country and have great respect for the red flag of the Soviet period. We think that one third of the modern Russian banner is also a tribute to the Soviet banner.

GSt. George ribbon

for a medal

"For Victory over Germany" Victory Banner

The red color of the Soviet flag “passed” after the Second World War to the state flags of other socialist countries. The flags of China, Vietnam, Mongolia and North Korea turned red.

On July 10, 1918, the Constitution of the RSFSR was adopted. The coat of arms of the Soviet Republic consisted of images on a red background in the rays of the sun of a golden sickle and hammer, placed crosswise with the handles down and surrounded by a crown of ears of corn, with the inscription: “Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic” and “Workers of all countries, unite!” Active participation in the work to improve the state emblem Soviet Russia hosted by the People's Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR. In May 1918, a competition was organized to design Soviet emblems, which ended in the fall of that year. Participated in the competition famous artists, heraldry specialists S.I. Chekhonin, K.I. Dunin-Borkovsky, P.V. Miturich, M.V. Dobuzhinsky, sculptor N.A. Andreev. One of the applicants’ works depicted a double-headed eagle with a hammer and sickle in its claws, whose heads were crowned with five-pointed stars.

The final version of the coat of arms was adopted in 1920; it was distinguished by its simplicity and clear artistic and graphic form. In terms of content, it was permeated with ideas of class struggle and the dream of a communist future. On December 30, 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was formed. The task of creating a coat of arms for the new state was solved by artists V.N. Adrianov, V.P. Korzun and I.I. Dubasov. The description of the coat of arms was included in the text of the USSR Constitution, adopted in 1924. The coat of arms of the USSR consisted of a hammer and sickle on a globe, depicted in the rays of the rising sun and framed by ears of corn intertwined with a red ribbon. On the ribbon is the motto “Workers of all countries, unite!” in Russian and in the languages ​​of all republics that were part of the USSR. At the top is a red five-pointed star, which in 1918 became the symbol of the Red Army.

The final version of the coat of arms of the USSR Decorative plate.

USSR coat of arms.

Coats of arms of the Union republics.

Ceramics.

The last change in the coat of arms of the USSR occurred in 1956, when the final number of republics that were part of the USSR was established, there were 15. Now fifteen inscriptions decorated the coat of arms.

In February 1917, the “Russian Prayer” became a thing of the past. Completely different songs and marches began to sound on the streets. The main place among them was occupied by “Marseillaise” to the text of P.L. Lavrov, which he himself called “New Song” in 1875. It was clear to the indignant, rebellious masses:

“Let's renounce the old world!

Let's shake his ashes off our feet

Golden idols are hostile to us;

We hate the royal palace!

We will join the ranks of our suffering brothers,

We will go to the hungry people;

With it we will send curses to the villains,

We will call him to fight:

Rise up, rise up, working people!

Stand up to your enemies, hungry brother!

Ring out the cry of people's vengeance!

The music for these words was arranged by the famous composer A.K. Glazunov. It became the unofficial anthem of Russia. All attempts to compose new hymns were unsuccessful. During the opening of the Third All-Russian Congress of Soviets in 1918, the “Internationale”, created in France and performed in the city of Lille in 1888, was played in the Tauride Palace. The author of the Russian translation was the poet A.Ya. Kots. "The International" first became the anthem of the Russian Social Democratic Party, and from 1918 - the anthem of the RSFSR, then the USSR and remained the anthem of the Soviet Union until 1944. On New Year's Eve 1944, the new USSR anthem was heard on the radio. The authors of the anthem were: composer A.V. Alexandrov, poet S.V. Mikhalkov, journalist G.A. El-Registan. The anthem was introduced everywhere on March 15, 1944.

The indestructible union of free republics

Great Rus' united forever.

Long live the one created by the will of the peoples,

United, mighty Soviet Union.

Since the text of the anthem contained the names of the leaders from the times of the cult, then from the second half of the 1950s. The USSR anthem began to be performed without text. A new edition of the text and music appeared only in May 1977.

In the victory of the immortal ideas of communism

We see the future of our country,

And to the red banner of our Fatherland

We will always be selflessly faithful!

We made the section of Soviet state symbols a separate page because the transition to the Socialist Republic was truly revolutionary, and this was reflected in the entire diverse and original seventy-year history and culture of the people.

Author of the Russian anthem Kuzma Sergeevich Petrov-Vodkin.

1944 Petrograd Madonna. 1920

Article 169. National emblem The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is an image of a hammer and sickle against the background globe, in the rays of the sun and framed by ears of corn, with the inscription in the languages ​​of the union republics: “Workers of all countries, unite!” At the top of the coat of arms is a five-pointed star.
Article 170. The state flag of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is a red rectangular panel with an image in its upper corner, at the shaft, of a golden sickle and hammer and above them a red five-pointed star framed by a gold border. The ratio of the width of the flag to its length is 1:2.
Article 171. The national anthem of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is approved by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

"Our Soviet Motherland" (1968):

EMBLEM OF THE SOVIET STATE

Our Motherland is the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics - a state of workers and peasants. It bears the emblems of its independence. This is primarily the State Flag and the State Emblem.

The scarlet banner first flared with the bright flame of revolution over the barricades during the uprising of Parisian workers in June 1832. It was again raised high above the capital of France during the days of the Paris Commune.
And from that time on, the red banner overshadowed all the battles between labor and capital.
And in Russia, the red flag flared for the first time at the first demonstration of workers in St. Petersburg in 1876. It was raised to the sky by the young artisan Pavel Potapov, raised by the mighty hands of his comrades.
Under the red banner, workers, soldiers and peasants, led by Lenin's party, won in October 1917. After this victory, the red banner became the state flag of the new, Soviet state. And we can proudly say that our flag inherited the red color from many generations of revolutionary fighters around the world.
The hammer and sickle on our flag symbolize the inextricable friendship of workers and peasants. And the five ends of the star, shining in gold above the hammer and sickle, personify the international brotherhood and unity of workers of all continents of the globe. This is what it is, our flag.

In it - hello to humanity, -
And there is no more beautiful flag in the world;
In it is the hot color of our glory,—
And there is no hotter flag in the world;
In it is a formidable light of our strength,—
There is no stronger flag in the world;
It contains the truth of our red years,—
There is no truer flag!
The poet N. S. Tikhonov spoke about our flag with these embossed verses.

One of the folk legends tells: in the winter of the first year of the revolution, V.I. Lenin invited representatives of the people and his closest associates to his Kremlin office for a council. A blacksmith, a peasant woman, and a weaver are sitting at the same table with Lenin.
The council convened by Vladimir Ilyich decides that, first of all, the globe will be depicted on the coat of arms. But, in addition, there will be the sky, and the shining rays of the rising sun, and a red five-pointed star.
The rest that is needed for the coat of arms will be given by the delegates of the people - people of labor. And so, according to the poet Yaroslav Smelyakov, who wrote poems about this legend,

Brought by the blacksmith
from the smoky workshop
your wealth -
your eternal hammer.
In a piece of canvas
from a distant village
your sharp sickle
the peasant woman brought it.
And, knocking on frozen boots,
The weaver brought in a scroll of red cotton.
And that hammer
that he served the blacksmith,
with a large sickle
The council connected.
Heavy sheaf
filled with grain
The council wrapped around
October red...

* * *
In the original draft of the coat of arms, the artist depicted a double-edged sword along with a hammer and sickle.
The project was shown to V.I. Lenin. Vladimir Ilyich looked carefully at the project.
- Interesting!.. There is an idea, but why a sword?..
The policy of conquest is completely alien to us... and the sword is not our emblem!
And Lenin resolutely crossed the sword with his pencil.
This is how the coat of arms of the Russian Soviet Federative Federation was created Socialist Republic. And when the Soviet Union was formed, its coat of arms was also based on symbols of free labor, peace and friendship of peoples.
The coat of arms of the USSR consists of a hammer and sickle against the background of a globe framed by ears of corn. The rising sun illuminates the coat of arms with joyful rays, which symbolize the happy present of working people and their confidence in the communist future. On the scarlet ribbons entwining the ears, in the languages ​​of the peoples of the union republics, it is written: “Workers of all countries, unite!”
* * *
...All fifteen Union republics also have their own flag and coat of arms. They are in many ways similar to the coat of arms and flag of the USSR and have much in common with each other. After all, all Soviet republics have one, socialist system. The peoples of all republics, relying on fraternal friendship and mutual assistance, are fighting to achieve one great goal - the construction of a communist society.
Therefore, the coats of arms of all republics depict a hammer and sickle and national language there is a call: “Workers of all countries, unite!”
But each republic also has its own historical, economic, natural features. They are also reflected in coats of arms and flags. Thus, the coats of arms of the Azerbaijani and Turkmen SSR depict oil derricks, and the coats of arms of all Central Asian Soviet republics- cotton bolls... The flags of the Estonian and Latvian SSR depict foaming blue waves, because the sea is playing big role in the life of these republics. The flag of the Byelorussian SSR is decorated with national ornaments.

Every day we hear the Kremlin chimes ringing on the radio. And after it the majestic and solemn melody of the State Anthem of the Soviet Union.

The indestructible union of free republics
Great Rus' united forever.
Long live the one created by the will of the peoples
United, mighty Soviet Union!

Lenin's Party is a people's force

Through the storms the sun of freedom shone for us,
And the great Lenin illuminated the path for us:
He raised the people to a just cause,
Inspired us to work and to deeds!

Hail, our Fatherland is free,
Friendship of peoples is a reliable stronghold!
Lenin's Party is a people's force
Leads us to the triumph of communism!

In the victory of the immortal ideas of communism
We see the future of our country,
And the Red Banner of the Glorious Fatherland
We will always be selflessly faithful!

Hail, our Fatherland is free,
Friendship of peoples is a reliable stronghold!
Lenin's Party is a people's force
Leads us to the triumph of communism!

Symbols of great revolutionary conquests Soviet people— The national flag, coat of arms and anthem are near and dear to the heart of every Soviet person.

The hammer and sickle (☭) is a logo associated with the main Soviet state emblem, as well as the symbol of the union of workers and peasants. Is a symbol of communism.

Slide 3

Symbols
The hammer, starting from the Middle Ages, gradually became common, most applicable for different types crafts emblem. Many technical emblems contain either two crossed hammers, or another craft tool was depicted together with a hammer - a wrench, an axe, a pick, etc. Proletarian organizations Western Europe starting from the second half of the 19th century centuries, choose the hammer as their class symbol. On the eve of the first Russian revolution, the hammer, as a symbol of the working class, became a generally accepted concept in the ranks of the Russian revolutionary movement.

Slide 4

Symbols
In Russian heraldry, the sickle was found in the coats of arms of many cities until 1917. It was the most widespread common peasant tool of labor, symbolizing the harvest, the harvest. In the coat of arms of the USSR, the sickle was always depicted placed on a hammer. This means that the hammer precedes the sickle as a heraldic sign, and is older than it in importance in the coat of arms. But the entire emblem is read in the order the viewer sees it: first the sickle is called, and then the hammer. In the coats of arms of the Soviet republics, in some cases the sickle is superimposed on the hammer, and in some others - vice versa.

Slide 5

Use in the USSR
The hammer and sickle emblem was established by government decision in late March - early April 1918 and approved by the V Congress of Soviets on July 10, 1918. First depicted on the state seal of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR on July 26, 1918. Before this, the plow and hammer emblem was used. The hammer and sickle were the so-called small emblem of the USSR, used until the mid-1930s, during the period of the constitutions of 1918 and 1924. At that time, there was also a separate, symmetrical image of the sickle and hammer.

Slide 6

Together with the red star, the hammer and sickle appeared on the flag of the USSR in 1923, and in 1924 the symbol was written into the constitution. The hammer and sickle were also placed on the flags and coats of arms of the Soviet republics. It was described in the Constitutions of the RSFSR of 1937 and 1978.

Slide 7

Due to the particularly important significance of this emblem in Soviet symbolism, the order of its depiction in a number of cases was determined by legislation (for example, the regulations on the State Flag of the USSR, approved by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of August 19, 1955).

Slide 8

The hammer and sickle were reproduced on seals, official documents, uniforms of the Red Army, on the buildings of some state enterprises, institutions, organizations, vehicles, banknotes, the rostrum of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the rostrum of the Supreme Soviets of the union and autonomous republics, on the buildings of the Soviets of Working People's Deputies, on the most important printed publications, as well as on a number of orders and medals of the USSR, badges etc.

Slide 9

There are a number of options for using the coat of arms:
On the emblems of enterprises and organizations, the hammer and sickle is often used in its classic form: the hammer and sickle against the background of wings is the symbol of Aeroflot. “Sickle and Hammer” is the name of the Moscow Metallurgical Plant and the nearby railway platform on the Moscow Kurskaya - Petushki line.

Slide 10

In sculpture, the most famous composition is Worker and Collective Farm Woman by V. I. Mukhina, created in 1937.

Slide 11

Stalinist architecture
In architecture, a large number of variations on the theme of the hammer and sickle were created. A large number of such compositions were created in the style of Stalinist architecture, for example, the Kuibyshevsky District Council built in the center of St. Petersburg

Slide 12

Use in pro-communist countries
Since 1975, the coat of arms of Laos has been made with a hammer and sickle in the Soviet style. In 1991, the hammer and sickle were replaced with an image of Pha That Luang Temple in Vientiane.

Slide 13

Modern use
Parties The hammer and sickle is widely used as a symbol of political parties and movements.

Slide 14

In countries former USSR
In other countries, the hammer and sickle are international symbols of labor, mainly physical. Therefore, this symbol began to be readily used by the entire spectrum of ruling workers' parties.

Slide 18

The communist symbols “Hammer and Sickle” are banned in a number of countries, primarily in the countries of the former Soviet bloc. In some states, the use and display of symbols entails criminal liability. The emblem is banned in Hungary, Lithuania and Moldova.
Prohibition of use

In Orthodox circles there is a rather evil mythology about the satanic nature of Soviet symbols. The devil's machinations are sought, for example, in the cruciform combination of a sickle and a hammer. Apparently the sickle, which the Russians had used since ancient times, was slipped to them by the Freemasons - no less... And in the Gospel of Mark Christ directly named carpenter: "Not a carpenter Is he, the son of Mary, the brother of James, Josiah, Judas and Simon?", which means: the Savior worked with a hammer, not even suspecting the sinister essence of this object...

Special conversation - five-pointed star, pentagram.

Here is a very typical case. Message from 07/06/2010:
"Reburial of the remains 437 Soviet soldiers in Ostrogozhsky district Voronezh region, timed to coincide with the 69th anniversary of the attack of Nazi Germany on the USSR, was overshadowed by the refusal of the local priest

participate in the commemoration of the dead.
As Oksana Sokolova, head of the press service of the government of the Voronezh region, reported on the television program “Week in the City” of the State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company “Voronezh”, the local priest refused to participate in the commemoration of the fallen Soviet soldiers. He referred to the “wrong”, from his point of view, obelisk with a red star , installed over the new mass grave.
After the broadcast of the TV show, a short order was posted on the main page of the website of the Voronezh diocese in red letters and bold font: “To Priest Sergius Storozhev, rector of the Kazan Church of the village. Gniloye, Ostrogozhsky district, Voronezh region, to censure for biggest mistake and as a penance, read the canon of repentance to our Lord Jesus Christ every day for a year.” (http://www.rus-obr.ru/node/7154)

Where did this nonsense come from that the five-pointed star is a symbol of evil?

Here's the explanation on the site "Orthodoxy.Ru" priest Afanasy Gumerov , resident of the Sretensky Monastery:

Question: Why is the pentagram (five-pointed star) considered a satanic symbol? Answer: Because some occult societies, both in ancient and modern times, chose the pentagram as a magical sign. At the same time, we must remember that the form of this symbol is taken from nature and outside of certain false teachings and actions is not significant" (http://www.pravoslavie.ru/answers/6497.htm)

That is, the five-pointed star itself does not carry any sinister meaning. As for the symbols that are used by occult societies, for example, Freemasons, they include both the cross and double headed eagle: « Three other widespread symbols of the Freemasons are a solar disk with wings or a winged sun, a double-headed eagle in a crown with a sword in its paws, and a caduceus, which are interpreted as a symbol of a hermetically sealed secret, a symbol of war, the fearlessness of the Freemasons, the royalty of their art and the world spiritual union of the highest Masons degrees, and a symbol of knowledge and the polar equivalence of good and evil, as well as a symbol of the unity of the masculine and feminine principles (the double-headed eagle as the emblem of the Masonic lodges of the Scottish ritual).”

« When initiated into the officially highest degree in Freemasonry - 33, they are given an order (seal) in the form of a two-headed eagle.”

« Various crosses are also very common signs in Masonic symbolism.- tau-cross, equilateral, Greek or Roman cross, trefoil or Kabbalistic cross, six-pointed cross, gammed cross or swastika (in its various variants) and ankh, as well as their combinations with other Masonic symbols.”

This does not scare the priests away from monarchical symbols; none of them said that the double-headed eagle or, especially, the cross are satanic symbols because Masons use them...

But more than that, the supposedly satanic pentagram was used in Christianity, and meant five godparents wounds Jesus Christ And five the joys of the Virgin Mary (by the way, in Islam, a five-pointed star symbolizes the union of the five main pillars of religion). But certain forces tried to erase these facts from the mass consciousness.

Here is a very typical story from the blog http://bizantinum.livejournal.com/33757.html under the title “Five-pointed stars and iconography.”

At the beginning of the material there is an appeal from believers:

OPEN LETTER TO THE HOLY SYNOD OF THE Ukrainian Orthodox Church from Orthodox believers

We ask for your personal attention to the fact of a blasphemous attitude towards the greatest shrine - the Image of the Mother of God of Tenderness, which on November 22 - December 5, 2010 was brought by the grace of God to Kyiv for veneration in connection with the anniversary of His Beatitude Metropolitan Vladimir.

We are grateful to the Lord God and His Most Pure Mother, grateful to His Beatitude Metropolitan Vladimir for this opportunity to worship the great shrine, with which so many aspirations of the Orthodox people are connected. We always sincerely pray for the longevity and good health of our Primate.

However, we cannot remain silent about the obvious and brazen blasphemy that was committed throughout Kyiv in connection with the arrival of the shrine. From billboards around the city and in the metro, as well as from the service published by the Publishing Department of the UOC with an akathist to the Most Holy Theotokos (the project coordinator is the vicar of the Kyiv Metropolis, Bishop Alexander), the image of the Mother of God that was brought for veneration was looking at people.

The chasuble with pentagrams on the shoulders instead of stars, which is unusual for the well-known Image, cannot in any way be called an oversight of the designer or editor.

This is clear and malicious blasphemy. The natural reaction to such blasphemy is the offended feeling of believers, etc.

Humble novices of Your Eminences,

Orthodox believers of Ukraine

The commentary to this appeal states:

“The star, with a different number of rays and in their different combinations, has been known to Christian iconography since ancient times and existed for a long time among the Freemasons, even until 1917.

Here, for example, is the icon of the Transfiguration of the Lord, brushed by the Rev. Andrei Rublev, where the rays behind the Savior are depicted not just in the form of a five-pointed star - but in the form of an inverted pentagram.

It is quite obvious that the Monk Andrew did not suspect that 500 years later, the inverted pentagram (also black!) would become a symbol of European Satanism.

Moreover. The five-pointed star is also considered one of the symbols of the Nativity of Christ, so the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem, on the site of this event itself, is crowned with a cross, above which stands the five-pointed star of Bethlehem. Finally, I’ll add a well-known truth: SYMBOLICS DO NOT EXIST OUTSIDE OF CONTEXT.”