List of irregular verbs in English with translation. Three forms of irregular verbs

In Russian, we put the verb in the past tense, adding an “l” at the end: I’m writing - I wrote, I’m walking - I was walking.

In English, all verbs are divided into regular and irregular. Accordingly, their past tense is formed differently.

To use English verbs correctly, you need to know the formation features of both groups.

In the article you will learn:

• What are regular and irregular verbs and how do they differ?
• How regular verbs are formed
• How are irregular verbs formed?

I will also give you a table of irregular verbs and a link to the article “How to easily learn irregular verbs.”

What are regular and irregular verbs in English?

As I said, in English all verbs are divided into right and wrong.

Knowing whether a verb is correct or incorrect is necessary in order to use it correctly in the past tense.

In Russian we add "l" at the end to put the verb in the past tense.

Present tense: read, write, walk, swim

Past tense: chita l, pisa l, ghoul l, floating l

In English, some verbs are formed according to rules, while others are not. I think you've already guessed that this is the difference between regular and irregular verbs.

Regular verbs in English- these are those verbs whose past form is formed according to the rules by adding the ending -ed.

For example:

work - worked
work - worked

Irregular verbs in English) are verbs whose past form is not formed according to the rules. At the same time, there is no logic in its education.

For example:

buy - bought
buy - bought

One of the main difficulties for students is that there is no rule by which we can determine whether the verb in front of us is regular or irregular. You can only find out by looking it up in a dictionary or memorizing it.

The formation of both regular and irregular verbs has its own characteristics.

Let's look at them, and start with the formation of regular verbs.

Formation of regular verbs in English

The logic behind the formation of regular verbs is quite clear. It's very easy to remember. Just like in Russian, in the past tense the ending of the verb changes.

Rule for forming regular verbs:

To form the past form of a regular verb, add the ending -ed to it.

For example:

call - call ed
call - called

talk - talk ed
speak - spoke

open - open ed
open - opened

However, this rule is not without exceptions that need to be known and remembered.

Let's look at them.

Rules for adding the -ed ending to regular verbs in English

There are several nuances when adding the ending -ed to regular verbs:

1. If the verb ends in -e, then only -d is added to the verb

change - change d
change - changed

close - close d
close - closed

2. If a verb ends in a consonant preceded by a stressed vowel, then the consonant is doubled

stop-sto pp ed
stop - stopped

ban-ba nn ed
prohibit - prohibited

Exceptions: verbs ending in -x and -w:

fix - fi x ed
repair - fixed

mix-mi x ed
mix - mixed

3. If the verb ends in -y and is preceded by a consonant, then y changes to i + ed

cry-cr ied
cry - cried

try - tr ied
try - tried

Important: if there is a vowel before -y, then the ending -ed is added without changing the letter

stay - stay ed
stay - stayed

play - play ed
play - played

As you can see, remembering the formation of regular verbs is not difficult.

What are the features of the formation of irregular verbs?

Formation of irregular verbs in English

The main difficulty with these verbs is that in English there is no rule by which their past form is formed. And worse than that, there is no logic in her education.

To use these verbs in the past tense, you need to memorize them. Moreover, many irregular verbs have two different past tense forms.

Since you will come across the concepts of “verb forms” more than once when using irregular verbs, let’s look at what they represent.

3 forms of regular and irregular verbs in English

All verbs (both regular and irregular) have 3 forms.

1st form- this is the verb itself in the present tense, in the initial form.

For example:

work - to work

do - do

buy - buy

2nd form is a verb in the past tense (this form is used in all simple past tenses).

worked - worked

did - did

bought - bought

3rd form is a verb in the past tense, which also carries the characteristics of an object (this form is used in the tenses of the Perfect group).

worked - worked

done - done

bought - bought

Note: Of course, when using the 3rd form in our speech, we do not translate it literally, but translate it using the usual past tense.

For example:

I have done my homework.
I did my homework (Literally: I did my homework).

In regular verbs, all two forms of the past tense are formed according to the same rule, so attention is usually not focused on them.

work - worked - worked

Irregular verbs have 2nd and 3rd forms, they can:

• Match each other

have - had - had
have - had

• Differ

do - did - done
do - did

This is precisely the complexity of irregular verbs. To use all 3 forms correctly, you need to memorize them.

I have prepared for you a table of the 55 most frequently used irregular verbs in the English language.

1st form (present tense)	2nd form	3rd form	Translation
be	were (was)	been	be
become	became	become	become
begin	began	begun	start off
break	broke	broken	break
bring	brought	brought	bring
build	built	built	build
buy	bought	bought	buy
catch	caught	caught	catch
choose	chose	chosen	choose
come	came	come	come
cut	cut	cut	cut
do	did	done	do
draw	drew	drawn	paint
eat	ate	eaten	There is
fall	fell	fallen	fall
feel	felt	felt	feel
find	found	found	find
fly	flew	flown	fly
get	got	got / got	receive
give	gave	given	give
go	went	gone	go
grow	grew	grown	grow
have	had	had	have
hear	heard	heard	hear
hit	hit	hit	strike
keep	kept	kept	keep
know	knew	known	know
leave	left	left	leave
let	let	let	let
lie	lay	lain	lie
lose	lost	lost	lose
make	made	made	do
meet	met	met	meet
pay	paid	paid	to pay
put	put	put	put/put
read	read	read	read
run	ran	run	run
say	said	said	speak
see	saw	seen	see
send	sent	sent	send
set	set	set	install
sing	sang	sung	sing
sit	sat	sat	sit
speak	spoke	spoken	speak
spend	spent	spent	spend
stand	stood	stood	stand
swim	swam	swum	swim
take	took	taken	take
teach	taught	taught	learn
tell	told	told	tell
think	thought	thought	think
understand	understood	understood	understand
wear	wore	worn	wear
win	won	won	win
write	wrote	written	write

But will you always have to return to the table of irregular verbs or the dictionary? How to remember irregular verbs and learn to use them in your speech?

In the article, we looked at the most popular ways to memorize irregular verbs and chose the most effective one.

I’ll tell you a secret: regular and irregular verbs of the English language are the most “favorite” topic of teachers and students when studying English grammar. Fate would have it that the most popular and frequently used words in English speech were incorrect. For example, the famous phrase “to be or not to be” also contains an irregular verb. And that's the beauty of the British :)

Just take a second and imagine how wonderful it would be to add an ending -ed to main verbs and get the past tense. And now all English students are destined to take part in an exciting attraction - memorizing a convenient table of irregular verbs in the English language with translation and transcription.

1. IRREGULAR VERBS

Meet their royal majesty irregular verbs. You won’t have to rant about them for a long time. You just need to accept it and remember that each verb has its own forms. And it is almost impossible to detect any logical connection. All that remains is to put the table in front of you and learn, just as you once memorized the English alphabet.

It’s good that there are verbs where all three forms coincide and are pronounced the same (put-put-put). But there are especially harmful forms that are written as twins, but are pronounced differently (read - read - read). Just as only the best tea leaves of the best varieties are selected for a royal tea party, we have collected the most commonly used irregular verbs, arranged them alphabetically, visually conveniently arranged them in a table - we did everything to make you smile and... teach. In general, only conscientious cramming will save humanity from ignorance of English irregular verbs.

And to make memorization not so boring, you can create your own algorithms. For example, to begin with, write down all the verbs where the three forms coincide. Then those where the two forms coincide (these are the majority, by the way). Or, let’s say, today you learn words starting with the letter “b” (don’t think anything bad), and tomorrow - a different word. No limits to imagination for those in love with English!

And without leaving the cash register, we suggest you take a test on your knowledge of irregular verbs.

Table of irregular verbs in English with transcription and translation:

	infinitive form of the verb (Infinitive)	simple past tense (Past Simple)	past participle	Translation
1	abide [ə"baɪd]	abode [ə"bəud]	abode [ə"bəud]	abide, stick to something
2	arise [ə"raɪz]	arose [ə"rəuz]	arisen [ə"rɪz(ə)n]	arise, rise
3	awake [ə"weɪk]	awoke [ə"wəuk]	awoken [əˈwoʊkn]	wake up, wake up
4	be	was; were	been	to be, to be
5	bear	bore	born	wear, give birth
6	beat	beat	beaten ["bi:tn]	beat
7	become	became	become	become, do
8	befall	befell	befallen	happen
9	begin	began	begun	start off)
10	hold	beheld	beheld	peer, notice
11	bend	bent	bent	bend, bend
12	beseech	thoughtless	thoughtless	beg, beg
13	beset	beset	beset	surround, besiege
14	bet	bet	bet	bet
15	bid	bid	bid	bid, command, ask
16	bind	bound	bound	bind
17	bite	bit	bitten ["bɪtn]	bite)
18	bleed	bled	bled	bleed, empty
19	blow	blew	blown	blow
20	break	broke	broken ["brəuk(ə)n]	break, interrupt, break
21	breed	bred	bred	give birth, breed, breed
22	bring	brought	brought	bring, bring
23	broadcast ["brɔːdkɑːst]	broadcast ["brɔːdkɑːst]	broadcast ["brɔːdkɑːst]	broadcast, disseminate
24	build	built	built	build, build in
25	burn	burnt	burnt	burn, burn
26	burst	burst	burst	explode)
27	buy	bought	bought	buy
28	can	could	could	be physically able
29	cast	cast	cast	throw, pour (metal)
30	catch	caught	caught	catch, grab
31	choose [ʧuːz]	chose [ʧuːz]	chosen ["ʧəuz(ə)n]	choose
32	cling	clung	clung	stick, cling, cling
33	cleave	cleft	cloven ["kləuv(ə)n]	cut, split
34	clothe	clothed	clothed	dress, clothe
35	come	came	come [ kʌm ]	come
36	cost	cost [ kɒst ]	cost [ kɒst ]	evaluate, cost
37	creep	crept	crept	crawl
38	cut	cut [ kʌt ]	cut [ kʌt ]	cut, prune
39	dare	durst	dared	dare
40	deal	dealt	dealt	deal, trade, consider a matter
41	dig	dug	dug	dig
42	dive	dove	dived	dive
43	do/does	did	done	do
44	draw	drew	drawn	drag, draw
45	dream	dream	dream	dream, dream
46	drink	drank	drunk	drink, have a drink
47	drive	drove	driven [ˈdrɪvn̩]	to go, to carry, to drive, to drive
48	dwell	dwelt	dwelt	dwell, abide, linger on something
49	eat	ate	eaten [ˈiːtn̩]	eat, eat, eat
50	fall	fell	fallen [ˈfɔːlən]	fall
51	feed	fed	fed [ fed ]	feed)
52	feel	felt	felt [ felt ]	feel
53	fight	fought [ˈfɔːt ]	fought [ˈfɔːt ]	fight, fight
54	find	found	found	find
55	fit	fit [ fɪt ]	fit [ fɪt ]	fit, fit
56	flee	fled	fled	run away, flee
57	fling	flung	flung	throw, throw
58	fly	flew	flown	fly, fly over
59	forbid	forbade	forbidden	forbid
60	forecast [ˈfɔːkɑːst]		forecast; forecasted [ˈfɔːkɑːstɪd]	foresee, predict
61	forget	forgot	forgotten	forget
62	forego	forewent	foregone	refuse, abstain
63	foretell	foretold	foretold	predict, prognosticate
64	forgive	forgave	forgiven	forgive,
65	forsake	forsook	forsaken	give up, refuse
66	freeze	froze	frozen [ˈfrəʊzən]	freeze, freeze
67	get [ˈɡet]	got [ˈɡɒt]	got [ˈɡɒt]	receive, become
68	gild [ɡɪld]		gilt [ɡɪlt]; gilded [ˈɡɪldɪd]	gild
69	give [ɡɪv]	gave [ɡeɪv]	given [ɡɪvn̩]	give
70	go/goes [ɡəʊz]	went [ˈwent]	gone [ɡɒn]	go, go
71	grind [ɡraɪnd]	ground [ɡraʊnd]	ground [ɡraʊnd]	sharpen, grind
72	grow [ɡrəʊ]	grew [ɡruː]	grown [ɡrəʊn]	grow, grow
73	hang	hung ; hung	hung [ hʌŋ]; hanged [ hæŋd ]	hang, hang
74	have	had	had	have, possess
75	hew	hewed	hewed ; hewn	chop, hew
76	hear	heard	heard	hear
77	hide	hid	hidden [ˈhɪdn̩]	hide, hide
78	hit	hit [ hɪt ]	hit [ hɪt ]	hit, strike
79	hold	held	held	hold, maintain (possess)
80	hurt	hurt	hurt	damage, hurt, injure
81	keep	kept	kept	keep, store
82	kneel		knelt ; kneeled	kneel
83	knit		knit ; knitted [ˈnɪtɪd ]	to knit
84	know	knew	known	know
85	lay	laid	laid	put
86	lead	led	led	lead, accompany
87	lean		leant ; leaned	lean, lean against
88	leap	leapt ; leaped [liːpt]	leapt ; leaped	jump
89	learn		learn ; learned	learn, learn
90	leave	left	left	leave, leave
91	lend	tape	tape [lent]	lend, lend
92	let	let [let]	let [let]	allow, rent out
93	lie	lay	lain	lie
94	light	lit ; lighted [ˈlaɪtɪd ]	lit [lɪt]; lighted [ˈlaɪtɪd]	light up, illuminate
95	lose	lost	lost	lose
96	make [ˈmeɪk ]	made [ˈmeɪd ]	made [ˈmeɪd ]	do, force
97	may	might	might	be able, have the right
98	mean	meant	meant	mean, imply
99	meet	met	met	meet, get acquainted
100	mishear [ˌmɪsˈhɪə]	misheard [ˌmɪsˈhɪə]	misheard [ˌmɪsˈhɪə]	mishear
101	mislay	mislaid	mislaid	misplace
102	mistake	mistook	mistaken	to be mistaken, to be mistaken
103	mow	mowed	town	mow
104	overtake	overtook	overtaken	catch up
105	pay	paid	paid	to pay
106	prove	proved	proved; proven	prove, certify
107	put	put	put	put
108	quit	quit; quitted	quit; quitted	leave, leave
109	read	read; red	read; red	read
110	rebuild	rebuilt	rebuilt	rebuild, restore
111	rid	rid; ridded	rid; ridded	free, deliver
112	ride	rode	ridden	ride
113	ring	rank	rung	call, ring
114	rise	rose	risen	rise, ascend
115	run	ran	run	run, flow
116	saw	sawed	sawn; sawed	to nag
117	say	said	said	talk, say
118	see	saw	seen	see
119	seek	sought	sought	search
120	sell	sold	sold	sell
121	send	sent	sent	send, send
122	set	set	set	place, place
123	sew	sewed	sewed; sewn	sew
124	shake	shook	shaken	shake
125	shall	should	should	be to
126	shave	shaved	shaved	to shave)
127	shear	sheared	shorn	cut, cut; deprive
128	shed	shed	shed	dump, spill
129	shine	shone; shined	shone; shined	shine, shine
130	shoe	shod	shod	shoe, shoe
131	shoot	shot	shot	fire
132	show	showed	shown; showed	show
133	shrink	shrank; shrunk	shrunk	shrink, shrink, recoil, recoil
134	shut	shut	shut	close
135	sing	sang	sung	sing
136	sink	sank	sunk	sink, sink, sink
137	sit	sat	sat	sit
138	slay	slew	slain	kill, destroy
139	sleep	slept	slept	sleep
140	slide	slide	slide	slide
141	sling	slung	slung	throw, fling, hang over the shoulder, hang
142	slit	slit	slit	cut lengthwise
143	smell	smelt; smelled	smelt; smelled	smell, sniff
144	sow	sowed	sowed; south	sow
145	speak	spoke	spoken	speak
146	speed	sped; speeded	sped; speeded	hurry, speed up
147	spell	spelt; spelled	spelt; spelled	write, spell a word
148	spend	spent	spent	spend, deplete
149	spill	spilt	spilt	shed
150	spin	spun	spun	spin
151	spit	spat	spat	spit, impale, poke, pro-
152	split	split	split	to split, to split
153	spoiler	spoilt; spoiled	spoilt; spoiled	spoil, spoil
154	spread	spread	spread	spread
155	spring	sprang	sprung	jump, jump up
156	stand	stood	stood	stand
157	steal	stole	stolen	steal, steal
158	stick	stuck	stuck	stick, stick, stick
159	sting	stung	stung	sting
160	stink	stand; stunk	stunk	stink, repel
161	strew	strewed	strewn; strewed	scatter, scatter, spread
162	stride	strode	stridden	step
163	strike	struck	struck	strike, hit, strike
164	string	strung	strung	tie, pull, string
165	strive	strove	striven	strive, try
166	swear	swore	sworn	swear, swear, swear
167	sweep	swept	swept	to sweep
168	swell	swelled	swollen; swelled	swell, swell, swell
169	swim	swam	swum	swim
170	swing	swung	swung	swing, swing
171	take	took	taken	take
172	teach	taught	taught	teach, teach
173	tear	tore	torn	tear, un-, s-, from-
174	tell	told	told	tell, report
175	think	thought	thought	think
176	throw	threw	thrown	throw, throw
177	thrust	thrust	thrust	push, prick, drive out, thrust
178	thread	trod	trod; trodden	step
179	unbend	unbent	unbent	unbend
180	undergone	Underwent	undergone	experience, endure
181	understand	understood	understood	understand
182	undertake	undertook	took	undertake, guarantee
183	upset	upset	upset	to overturn, to squeeze
184	wake	woke; awakened	woken; awakened	wake up, wake up
185	wear	wore	worn	wear clothes)
186	weave	wow; weaved	woven; weaved	weave
187	wed	wed; wedded	wed; wedded	to marry, to marry
188	weep	wept	wept	cry
189	will	would	would	want to be
190	wet	wet; wetted	wet; wetted	wet, you-, pro-
191	win	won	won	win, receive
192	wind	wound	wound	wind up (mechanism), wind up
193	withdraw	withdrew	withdrawn	take back, take away
194	wring	wrung	wrung	press, squeeze, twist
195	write	wrote	written	write

After this video you will love learning irregular verbs! Yo! :) ...for those who are impatient, it is advisable to watch from 38 seconds

For fans of the advanced teacher and rap lovers, we offer a backing track for a personal way of learning irregular verbs in karaoke style, and in the future, perhaps, for recording a new personal video with your teacher/teacher/class. Weak or not weak?

2. REGULAR VERBS

When the most difficult part in the form of irregular verbs is mastered (we want to believe that this is the case), you can crack the regular verbs of the English language like nuts. They are called so because they form the past tense form and participle II in exactly the same way. In order not to overload your brain once again, we’ll simply designate them as form 2 and form 3. And both of them are obtained using the ending - ed.

For example: look - looked,work - worked

2.1 And for those who like to get to the bottom of everything, you can conduct a brief educational program about the mysterious term “participle II”. Firstly, why participle? Because how else can we designate a three-headed dragon, which has the characteristics of 3 parts of speech at once: verb, adjective and adverb. Accordingly, such a form is always found WITH PARTS (at once with three).

Secondly, why II? Because there is also I . Quite logical  Only participle I has an ending -ing, and participle II has the ending -ed in regular verbs, and any ending in irregular ones ( written , built , come ).

2.2 And everything would be fine, but there are some nuances.

If the verb ends in -y, then you need an ending -ied(study - studied).
. If the verb consists of one syllable and ends in a consonant, then it is doubled (stop - stopped).
. The final consonant l is always doubled (travel -travelled)
. If the verb ends in -e, then you only need to add -d(translate - translated)

For those who are especially picky and attentive, you can also add pronunciation features. For example, after voiceless consonants the ending is pronounced “t”, after voiced consonants - “d”, after vowels “id”.

Perhaps you have heard/invented/read/seen a method that allows you to reduce effort to a minimum and maximize the efficiency of memorizing irregular verbs, but for some reason we don’t know it yet. Share not only your smile, but also your cramming options to please each other with something interesting

Verb- this is an independent part of speech that answers the questions what to do?, what to do? (to be, to study, to dream, to go...)

According to the method of formation of past tense forms (V2) and past participles (V3), all verbs of the English language are divided into 2 groups: regular verbs (Regular Verbs) and irregular verbs (Irregular verbs).

The English verb has three forms. Verb forms are designated by Roman numerals I, II, III.

I form(or an infinitive without to), for example: to make (to do) – make – the first, or main form, which answers the question what to do?, what to do? Using the first form of the verb, the Present Simple Tense is formed. When forming Present Simple Tense, the ending is added to the I form of the verb in the 3rd person singular (he, she, it – he, she, it) –s or -es(he jumpes, she jumpes, it jumpes, he cries, she cries, it cries, he does, she does, it does) . With other pronouns (I, we, you, you, they - I, we, you, you, they) the I form of the verb is used without changes.

II form serves to form the simple past tense (Past Simple Tense). When forming the simple past tense, both regular and irregular verbs are used. Regular verbs form II and III forms by adding a suffix to the stem I form –ed(jump – jumped – jump – jumped) . If the verb is not regular, then its past tense form corresponds to the second column in the table of irregular verbs (be – was/were, do – did, make – made).

III form- Participle II (Participle II) is a special form of the verb that denotes the attribute of an object by action and answers the questions of the adjective (lost, baked, made). For regular verbs, form III coincides with form II: jump (I) – jumped (II) – jumped (III) (jump – jumped – jumped). II and III forms of irregular verbs can be formed in various ways, indicated below.

Regular verbs

Regular verbs form II and III forms by adding a suffix to the stem I form -ed (-d), which is pronounced like:

• [ d] after vowels and voiced consonants: to clean (clean) – cleaned (cleaned); to play (play) - played (played);
• [ t] after the deaf ones: to work (work) – worked (worked), to look (look) – looked (looked);
• after [d] And [t]: to want (want) – wanted (wanted), to mend (repair) – mended (repaired).

When forming II and III forms of verbs, pay attention to the following spelling rules:

• If the I form is a short root syllable and ends with one consonant, then when adding the ending –ed the last vowel of the root is doubled: to stop (stop) – sto pped(has stopped).
• -y, preceded by a consonant, the letter y changes to i: to carry (carry) - carried (carried), to study (study) - studied (studied). But if the stem of the verb ends in -y, preceded by a vowel, then simply adds to the stem of the verb - ed: to play (play) – played (played), to stay (stay) – remained (remained).
• If the stem of the verb ends in -e, which is not pronounced, then II and III forms of the verb are formed by adding the ending - d: to arrive (arrive) – arrived (arrived).

Irregular Verbs

Irregular Verbs- these are verbs that have special, fixed forms of the past tense and participles; their forms do not have a clear formation algorithm and are acquired by memorizing: to make (to do) - made (made) - made (made). Most English irregular verbs are native English, derived from verbs that existed in Old English. Most irregular verbs exist as remnants of historical conjugation systems (changing the verb according to persons - I'm going, you're going, he's going...).

Irregular verbs are used to form the past simple (Past Simple), present perfect (Present Simple), past perfect tenses (Past Perfect), in passive voice (Passive voice), when converting direct speech into indirect speech (Reported speech), in conditional sentences ( Conditional sentences).

table of irregular verbs

Infinitive		Past Tense		Past Participle		Translation
arise	[ə"raiz]	arose	[ə"rəuz]	arises	[ə"riz(ə)n]	arise, appear
awake	[ə"weik]	awoke	[ə"wəuk]	awoken	[ə"wəukən]	wake up, wake up
be		was,were	,	been		be
bear		bore		born		give birth, bring
beat		beat		beaten	["bi:tn]	beat
become		became		become		become
begin		began		begun		start off)
bend		bent		bent		bend, bend
bind		bound		bound		bind
bite		bit		bitten	["bɪtn]	bite)
bleed		bled		bled		bleed
blow		blew		blown		blow
break		broke		broken	["broukən]	break)
breed		bred		bred		bring up
bring		brought		brought		bring
build		built		built		build
burn		burnt		burnt		burn, burn
burst		burst		burst		burst out, explode
buy		bought		bought		buy
cast		cast		cast		throw, pour (metal)
catch		caught		caught		catch, grab
choose		chose		chosen	["tʃouzən]	choose, select
come		came		come		come
cost		cost		cost		cost
cut		cut		cut		cut
dig		dug		dug		dig, dig
do		did		done		do
draw		drew		drawn		draw, drag
dream		dream		dream		dream, dream
drink		drank		drunk		drink
drive		drove		driven	["drɪvən]	drive
eat		ate		eaten	["i:tn]	There is
fall		fell		fallen	["fɔ:lən]	fall
feed		fed		fed		feed
feel		felt		felt		feel
fight		fought		fought		fight
find		found		found		find
fit		fit		fit		fit to size
fly		flew		flown		fly
forget		forgot		forgotten		forget
forgive		forgave		forgiven		forgive
freeze		froze		frozen	["frouzən]	freeze
get		got		got		receive
give		gave		given	["gɪvən]	give
go		went		gone		go, walk
grow		grew		grown		grow
hang		hung		hung		hang, hang out
have		had		had		have
hear		heard		heard		hear
hide		hid		hidden	["hɪdn]	hide
hit		hit		hit		hit the target
hold		held		held		hold
hurt		hurt		hurt		injure, bruise
keep		kept		kept		keep, save
kneel		knelt		knelt		kneel
knit		knit		knit		knit (knitting)
know		knew		known		know
lay		laid		laid		put
lead		led		led		lead, lead
lean		leant		leant		tilt
learn		learn		learn		learn
leave		left		left		leave, leave
lend		tape		tape		borrow, borrow
let		let		let		let
lie		lay		lain		lie
light		lit		lit		illuminate, light up
lose		lost		lost		lose
make		made		made		do
mean		meant		meant		to mean
meet		met		met		meet
mistake		mistook		mistaken		make a mistake
pay		paid		paid		to pay
put		put		put		put, put
read		read		read		read
ride		rode		ridden	["rɪdn]	ride
ring		rank		rung		call, ring
rise		rose		risen	["rɪzən]	get up
run		ran		run		run
say		said		said		speak
see		saw		seen		see
seek		sought		sought		search
sell		sold		sold		sell
send		sent		sent		send
set		set		set		put, put
shake	[ʃeɪk]	shook	[ʃʊk]	shaken	["ʃeɪkən]	shake
shine	[ʃaɪn]	shone	[ʃoun, ʃɒn]	shone	[ʃoun, ʃɒn]	shine, shine, glisten
shoot	[ʃu:t]	shot	[ʃɒt]	shot	[ʃɒt]	fire
show	[ʃou]	showed	[ʃoud]	shown	[ʃoun]	show
shrink	[ʃriŋk]	shrank	[ʃræŋk]	shrunk	[ʃrʌŋk]	to sit down (about material), to reduce (to), to reduce (to)
shut	[ʃʌt]	shut	[ʃʌt]	shut	[ʃʌt]	close
sing		sang		sung		sing
sink		sank		sunk		drown
sit		sat		sat		sit
sleep		slept		slept		sleep
smell		smelt		smelt		sniff, smell
slide		slide		slide		slide
sow		sowed		south		sow, sow
smell		smelled		smelled		sniff, smell
speak		spoke		spoken	["spoukən]	speak
spell		spelled		spelled		to spell
spend		spent		spent		spend
spill		spilt		spilt		shed
spit		spat		spat		spit
split		split		split		split
spoiler		spoilt		spoilt		spoil
spread		spread		spread		distribute
stand		stood		stood		stand
steal		stole		stolen	["stoulən]	steal
stick		stuck		stuck		stick, stick, persist
sting		stung		stung		sting
strike		struck		struck		strike, strike
strive		strove		striven	["strɪvn]	try, strive
swear		swore		sworn		take an oath
sweep		swept		swept		revenge, sweep
swim		swam		swum		swim
take		took		taken	["teɪkən]	take, take
teach		taught		taught		learn
tear		tore		torn		tear
tell		told		told		tell
think	[θɪŋk]	thought	[θɔ:t]	thought	[θɔ:t]	think
throw	[θrou]	threw	[θru:]	thrown	[θroun]	throw
understand	[ʌndər "stænd]	understood	[ʌndər "stʊd]	understood	[ʌndər "stʊd]	understand
upset	[ʌp"set]	upset	[ʌp"set]	upset	[ʌp"set]	upset, upset (plans), upset
wake		woke up		woken	["woukən]	wake up
wear		wore		worn		wear
weep		wept		wept		cry
wet		wet		wet		wet, moisturize
win		won		won		win, win
wind		wound		wound		wriggle, wind, wind (watch)
write		wrote		written	["rɪtn]	write

How to remember forms of irregular verbs?

Verbs conjugated according to special rules are a so-called “relic of the past” in the language. They owe their origin to the Angles and Saxons, among whom the "strong" subgroup was once the most common variety.

A feature of all irregular verbs is the non-standard formation of the second and third forms. If for the correct ones it is enough to simply add -ed at the end of the word in both cases, then for the variety in question this will not work - you will have to memorize each word along with two more variations. As an example, we give the most famous and commonly used irregular verbs: let (translated as “allow, permit, release”) - let - let; come (translated into Russian as “to come, to come”) - came - come.

Due to difficulties in memorizing and lack of understanding of the logic of word-formation processes, this topic seems especially complex and intricate to students. According to some linguists, knowing the entire table of irregular verbs increases your language proficiency by as much as 5%! Moreover, the total number of such words is about 500, this includes not only commonly used, but also already outdated variants. If we talk about useful verbs that can be useful in modern conditions, then you will need only 220 - 250 units from the total, i.e. literally half.

How to find the right form of an irregular verb

In order to find the necessary variation of a word denoting an action, linguists and linguists created a table of irregular verbs in the English language. In any, even the most primitive, textbook you can find this list (usually it is located at the end of the publication).

At the same time, some of the manuals provide the American form as the main option (it all depends on the country of publication of the book and on the methodology of the author). If you use it in an exam and receive a negative score on an assignment in the exam, you can easily challenge it.

However, our recommendation is the following: if in any doubt, it is better to consult the Oxford dictionary. This publication is considered by linguists to be a kind of “code” regulating the use of a particular lexeme. Modern editions of this book include not only traditional versions, but also Americanized versions of irregular verb forms.

So, now let's move on to the most important thing: let's take a closer look at the verb forms:

1. The first is perhaps the simplest variation - the infinitive. Usually used as an indefinite form; when using the Present Simple tense, and in the 3rd person singular the verb receives the ending -s (for example, runs, goes). The verb “to be” behaves in a special way - in the 1st person singular it takes the form “am” (I am...), in the 3rd person singular it turns into “is” (it, she, he is), for in all other cases there is "are".
2. Among the 3 forms of irregular verbs in English, the second appears in the simplest and most understandable speech situations; in particular, it is used only in the Past Simple tense. “to be” in this case has only two variations - these are “was” and “were”, the first of which is used in the singular, the second in the plural and with the pronoun “you” as the subject.
3. A common Russian name for the third form is the past participle. There are three main options when it is used. Firstly, it is used as a past participle. Secondly, as part of the Present Perfect construction (Example: I have done it (Translation: I did it). Thirdly, the past participle will be necessary when forming all forms of the passive voice.

Irregular English verbs with translation and transcription

We present to your attention a table of irregular verbs. For each lexeme, only one main translation option is presented. To find the appropriate meaning, we recommend looking in the dictionary.

The more often a word appears in everyday speech, the more meanings it usually has. For example, the word “get” can express up to 80 different thoughts.

The forms of irregular verbs in English change over time and gradually tend to be “correct.” This can be called the verb “to show”, the second and third forms of which in the American version sound like showed - showed. The list also includes words that are consonant with the correct variants, but are still written according to the “wrong” model: say (translated as “to say, to speak”) - said - said.

Sometimes you can find these words in the form of a list. We offer irregular English verbs in a table with translation.

Table of irregular verbs in English

				put up (with circumstances); observe
				appear
				wake up; wake up
		[ə’wəʊk] / [ə’wəikt]	[ə’wəʊkən]
			[‘bi:tən] /
				become
				start off
				bend; tilt
		bethought/beseeched	bethought/beseeched	ask, beg
				bet
			/[‘bɪtən]
				breed; bring up
				bring
				broadcast
	[‘brɔ:dkɑ:st]	[‘brɔ:dkɑ:st]	[‘brɔ:dkɑ:st]
		Burned	Burned
				burst, explode
				buy
				choose
				come, come
				deal with, deal with
		dreamed / dreamed	dreamed / dreamed	dream; dream
				ride (on horseback), drive (car)
				live; lodge
				feel
				fight
				find
				run, hide
				forbid
				predict
				receive, get
				go, go
				hang; hang
				hide; hide
				store, keep
				jump up, jump
				leave, leave
				lend
				let
				mean
				meet
				prove
				rise, grow
				sell
				send, send
				install, configure
				shake
				show
				reduce
				slide	slide
				smell; to sniff
				speak
				spend (time), waste
				rotate; spin
		spoilt / spoiled	spoilt / spoiled
				distribute
				hit; bump into
				sweep
				tell
				understand
	[ʌndə’stænd]	[ʌndə’stʊd]	[ʌndə’stʊd]

Exercises for memorizing irregular verbs

Block 1. Choose from the options presented which is the second form of the verb?

Block 2. Put irregular verbs into the third form, choosing the correct option from those given.

English is a language of exceptions, where when learning a new grammatical rule, students are faced with a dozen buts in which this rule does not apply. One of these rules is the use of irregular verbs in the past tense. For many English learners, this topic is a nightmare. But you can’t do without them, because these are the realities of English! However, there is good news - modern English is gradually getting rid of irregular verbs, replacing them with regular ones. Why and how - we'll look at it in the article.

Why are English verbs irregular?

Not only foreigners, but also native speakers themselves experience difficulty in using irregular verbs. But nevertheless, for English philologists, the non-standardity of this part of speech is not a drawback, but a reason for pride. They believe that irregular verbs are a cultural monument that perpetuates the history of the English language. The explanation for this fact is the Germanic roots of the origin of irregular verbs, which makes British English a traditional variant of the language. For comparison, Americans are trying hard to get rid of the irregular shape, converting it into the correct one. Therefore, the list of non-standard verbs increases for those who learn both versions of the language. Thus, the incorrect version is ancient, which is reflected in prose and poetry.

How many forms does a verb have in English?

Speaking about verbs in English, it should be noted that they have 3 forms:

• infinitive, aka ;
• I, or Participle I, - this form is used in the simple past tense (Past Simple) and the 2nd and 3rd cases of the conditional mood (Conditional of the 2-d and of the 3-d case);
• Past Participle II, or Participle II, for the simple perfect tense of the past tense (Past Perfect), passive voice (Passive Voice) and conditional of the 3-d case.

The table "Three in English" is presented later in the article.

What are regular and irregular verbs? Education rules

Regular verbs are those in which the past form (Past Simple) and the form Participle II (Participle II) are formed by adding the ending -ed to the initial form. The table "Three verb forms in English. Regular verbs" will help you better understand this rule.

There are some features when forming Participle I and Participle II:

• if the verb ends with the letter -e, then adding -ed does not double it;
• The consonant in monosyllabic verbs is duplicated when added. Example: stop - stopped (stop - stopped);
• if the verb ends in -y with a preceding consonant, then y changes to i before adding -ed.

Verbs that do not obey the general rule in the formation of tense forms are called irregular. In English, these include the Past Simple and Participle II verb forms.

Irregular verbs are formed using:

ablauta, in which the root changes. Example: swim - swam - swum (swim - swam - swam);

the use of suffixes different from those accepted in the grammar of the language. Example: do - did - done (do - did - did);

identical or unchangeable form. Example: cut - cut - cut (cut - cut - cut).

Due to the fact that each irregular verb has its own inflection, they should be learned by heart.

There are a total of 218 irregular verbs in the English language, of which approximately 195 are in active use.

Recent research in the field of language shows that rare verbs are gradually disappearing from the language due to the replacement of the 2nd and 3rd forms with forms of the regular verb, that is, the addition of the ending - ed. This fact is confirmed by the table “Three verb forms in English” - the table presents a number of verbs that have both regular and irregular forms.

table of irregular verbs

The table "Three Forms of Irregular Verbs in English" includes the most frequently used verbs. The table shows 3 forms and translation.

Irregular verbs came to modern English from Old English, which was spoken by the Angles and Saxons - British tribes.

Irregular verbs evolved from so-called strong verbs, each of which had its own type of conjugation.

Researchers from Harvard found that the majority of verbs used are irregular, and they will remain so because they are used more often than others.

There is also a phenomenon in the history of the English language when a regular verb became irregular. For example, sneak, which has 2 forms - sneaked and snuck.

Not only English learners have problems with verbs, but also native speakers, as even they find themselves in awkward situations when it comes to this difficult part of speech.

One of them is Jennifer Garner, who all her life was sure that sneak was the correct verb.

She was corrected by the host of one of the programs in which the actress took part. With a dictionary in hand, he pointed out to Jennifer her mistake.

Therefore, you should not be upset if you make mistakes when using irregular verbs. The main thing is that they do not become systematic.

Regular verbs

The table "Three forms of regular verbs in English with transcription and translation" is compiled on the basis of the most frequently used verbs.

			Past Participle I and II
ask
answer
allow
agree
borrow, borrow
copy, rewrite
prepare
close
carry, drag
call, call
discuss
decide, decide
explain		explain
slide
cry, scream
finish, finish, end
shine
rub
grab
to help
happen, happen
manage
look
like
move, move
manage
to be necessary, to need
open
recall
suggest		sadgesture
study, learn
stop, cease
start off
travel
speak
transfer		translate
try, try
use
worry
walk, walk
look
work

Examples of using 3 forms of verbs with translation

Above we looked at 3 forms of verbs in English. A table with examples of use and translation will help reinforce the topic.

Here, for each grammatical construction, two examples are given - one with regular and one with irregular verbs.

Grammar design	Example in English	Translation
Past Simple	Peter worked yesterday. She felt bad last week.	Peter worked yesterday. She didn't feel well last week.
Present Perfect Tense	James has already helped me. Have you ever been to Thailand?	James has already helped me. Have you ever been to Thailand?
Past Perfect Tense	I understood that I had used my last ticket. Helen noticed that she had forgotten her documents at home.	I realized that I had used the last ticket. She realized that she had forgotten the documents at home.
Passive Voice	Amy was taken to the zoo last Sunday. A baby is sung a lullaby every night.	Amy was taken to the zoo last Sunday. The baby is sung a lullaby every night.
Conditional	If I had money, I would buy a car. If she could help us, she would have done it.	If I had money, I would buy a car. If she could help us, she would.

Exercises

To better memorize irregular verbs, you need not only to learn them by heart and repeat them, but also to perform various exercises.

Exercise 1. Here is the table "Three verb forms in English. Irregular verbs." Fill in one of the three missing forms.

Exercise 2. Here is the table "Three verb forms in English. Regular verbs." Insert forms Participle I and II.

Exercise 3. Using the tables, translate the following sentences into English.

1. I was reading a book.
2. We saw them yesterday.
3. The Smiths lived in London until 2000. They then moved to Manchester.
4. Alice was a university student in 2014.
5. They worked in the same company two years ago.
6. He just finished training.
7. When we were children, my mother often took us to this park.
8. I drove a toy car as a child.

Answers to the exercises

Exercise 1.

Exercise 2.

asked, borrowed, closed, decided, explained, helped, started, traveled, used, worked.

Exercise 3.

1. I read a book.
2. We saw them yesterday.
3. The Smiths lived in London till 2000. Then they moved to Manchester.
4. Alice was a student of Univercity in 2014.
5. They worked in the same company two years ago.
6. He has just finished training.
7. When we were children we took for a walk to this park.
8. I drove a toy car in my childhood.

Make it a habit to periodically repeat the basic forms of the English verb. A table with irregular verbs, doing exercises and periodic repetition will help you quickly cope with the difficulties of the English language.