EntranceTypes of adjectives in Russian table. Possessive adjectives and traps in determining the category of adjectives
An adjective is a part of speech denoting a sign of an object and answers the questions what? etc. Adjectives are relative, qualitative and possessive.
Qualitative adjectives denote a certain quality of an object. The main characteristic of such adjectives is that they can in most cases have a degree of comparison and short form. But there are also a number of other criteria that are characteristic only of high-quality adjectives.
- From quality adjectives, adverbs can be formed on o, e. For example, fast - quickly.
- The category of qualitative adjectives is combined with adverbs that denote measure and degree. For example, very fast.
- Qualitative adjectives can be included in antonymous pairs: high - low, smart - stupid.
At the same time, it is worth remembering that the main quality criteria is the ability to form short forms and degrees of comparison with adjectives. It is absolutely not necessary to have all the above-mentioned signs of quality in one word at the same time.
The category of relative adjectives essentially denotes a material, an object, a geographical name, and so on. For example, Kyiv, iron, marine. Such adjectives are not characterized by those characteristics that are characteristic of qualitative adjectives. This means the degree of comparison, the formation of a short form, etc. For example, the word "marine" we cannot say that the sign is more or less marine. But the words "long" can be used in such combinations: longer and less long.
Possessive adjectives indicate that an object belongs to someone. They answer the questions: whose? whose? and others. Dad's jacket, mom's jacket, Dima's worries.
Just like relative adjectives, relative adjectives do not have a short form and degrees of comparison.
Transition from one category to another
It is worth noting that sometimes one category of an adjective can move into another category. For example, tin soldier and pewter eyes. In the first case, we have a relative adjective, and in the second, a qualitative one.
By meaning and grammatical features, adjectives are divided into three lexical and grammatical categories:
quality adjectives;
relative adjectives;
possessive adjectives.
Qualitative adjectives - these are words denoting such a feature of an object that can be characterized by varying degrees of intensity, that is, it can manifest itself to a greater or lesser extent, for example: smart – smarter, smarter, smartest, most (most) smart.
Qualitative adjectives name the properties and qualities of an object that are directly perceived by the senses. They stand for:
color cues, for example: White Red;
spatial features, for example: distant, long;
temporary signs, for example: early, late;
physical parameters, for example: sick, young;
properties, qualities of character, for example: kind, generous;
intellectual qualities, for example: smart, cunning;
signs perceived by the senses, for example: sweet, fragrant;
publicly significant features, for example: important, useful;
absolute signs, for example: deaf, barefoot.
Qualitative adjectives have the following distinguishing features:
1) form a short form, for example: heavy - heavy; slender - slender;
2) form degrees of comparison, for example: scary - scarier, more (less) scary, scariest (worst), most (least, most) scary;
3) have the ability to form forms of subjective quality assessment, that is, other qualitative adjectives that name shades and degrees of quality, for example: good - pretty; sweet - sweet, sweet;
4) form adverbs into -o, -e, for example: bad - bad; straight - straight; deadly - deadly; submissive - submissively; light - light; soft - softly; gloomy - gloomy; mighty - mighty;
5) form abstract nouns, for example: poor - poverty; cold - coldness; light - lightness; white - whiteness; red - redness; kind - kindness;
6) combined with adverbs of measure and degree: very mysterious; completely incomprehensible; well known;
7) have synonyms and antonyms, for example: antonyms strong - weak; useful - harmful; alive - dead; smart - stupid; synonyms hot - hot, burning, sultry, scorching, red-hot; expensive - valuable, precious, priceless;
8) include words with a non-derivative stem, for example: fast, kind, cheerful, light, soft, full;
9) have special suffixes ( -to- (-ok-), -east-, -iv-, -liv-, -chiv-, -av- (-yav-), -am-, -acm-), for example: deep, mustachioed, big-eyed, curly, quirky, trusting, tall, wearable.
Relative adjectives- these are words denoting a sign of an object through a relation to another object or sign, while the motivating basis denotes the object or sign through the relation to which this property is represented, for example: steppe feather grass (feather grass in the steppe), cloudy sky (sky with clouds), oil paints (paints prepared in oil). Relative adjectives make up the main and continuously replenished group of Russian adjectives.
The sign of relative adjectives can be expressed through the relation:
to the subject: table, book, computer, flower;
to face: teacher's, student's, children's, civil;
at the time: spring, morning, evening, minute;
in place: marine, urban, street, rural;
to material: wooden, copper, glass, iron;
by property ( autumn rains, evening cool);
to abstract concept: philological, literary;
to action: washing, building, heating;
to quantity: triple, twenty-ton, five-year.
Relative adjectives denote a feature that is constant, unchanging and not comparable with similar features in other subjects. They do not have short forms, degrees of comparison, do not form abstract nouns, adverbs in -o, -e, do not have synonyms and antonyms, do not combine with adverbs of measure and degree.
The word-forming feature of relative adjectives is the presence of special suffixes -an/-yan-, -ck- (-esk-, -ovsk-, -insk-, -ensk-, ansk-): sandy, clay, seaside, student, Luhansk, grandfather.
The phrase "relative adjective + noun" can be replaced by a syntactic construction with the word from which the adjective was formed, for example: passenger train - a train for passengers; spring break - holidays in the spring; building materials - building materials; Primorsky Krai is the land of Primorye. Unlike qualitative adjectives, which are represented by both unmotivated and motivated words, relative adjectives are motivated by words of other parts of speech: nouns ( iron, door,lamp, spring, upper); verbs ( tannic, swimming, danceable,medicinal), numerals ( ten year old forty years old, four years old) and adverbs ( near, former, then, yesterday's, present).
Possessive adjectives- these are words denoting a sign of the individual belonging of an object to a specific person or animal, for example: grandmother's room, fathers' advice, a fox cub, a wolf's trail, a bear's lair, an owl's cry, a swan's cooing.
The derivational feature of possessive adjectives is the presence of special suffixes -in-(-yn-), -ov-(-ev-), -ij-(-j-), for example: grandfather's letter, Zhenya's briefcase, mother's scarf, sister's jacket, brothers' suit, crocodile mouth, buffalo roar, chicken squeak, fox hole, wolf pack.
The grammatical indicator of possessive adjectives is the presence of a short form in the nominative case: daddy-Ø , sisters-o, grandfathers-Ø , rabbit-Ø , daddy, sisters, grandfathers, rabbits. This distinguishes possessive adjectives from relative adjectives: elephant, goose, leopard, whale, tortoiseshell.
The phrase “possessive adjective + noun” can be replaced by the synonymous construction “noun + noun in R.p.”, for example: mother's pen - mother's pen; fox brood - fox brood; wolf footprint - wolf footprint.
Some nouns form special forms of possessive adjectives: squirrel - squirrel; jackdaw - jackdaw; beef - beef; elephant - elephant; ox - oxen; mother - maternal; daughter - daughter.
The boundary between the lexico-grammatical categories of adjectives is very shaky. So, for example, the use of a possessive adjective in the meaning of "the material from which the object is made" allows it to move into the category of relative adjectives; compare: Foxy burrow (possessive adj.) – fox hat (rel. adj.); Bear Den (possessive adj.) – bear fur coat (rel. adj.); doghouse(possessive adj.) – dog boots (relative adj.). The use of possessive and relative adjectives in a figurative sense (with an indication of the properties, qualities of an object) allows them to move into the category of quality adjectives; compare: iron nail (relative adj.) – iron character (qualitative adj); steel wire (relative adj.) – nerves of steel (qualitative adj.); cardiac muscle(relative adj.) – cordial welcome (qualitative adj.); picture gallery (relative adj.) – picture pose (qualitative adj.); fox trail (possessive adj.) – fox smile (qualitative adj.); Bear Den (possessive adj.) – disservice (qualitative adj.). That is why the lexico-grammatical category of the adjective is established in a specific context.
§one. general characteristics adjective
The adjective is an independent significant part of speech.
1. grammatical meaning- "sign of the subject."
Adjectives are words that answer the questions: what?, whose?
2. Morphological features:
- constants - rank by value, for qualitative ones: full / short form and degrees of comparison,
- inflected - case, number, in the singular - gender.
3. Syntactic role in a sentence: for full forms of quality adjectives, as well as for relative and possessive adjectives - a definition, for short forms of quality adjectives - part of a compound nominal predicate.
§2. Morphological features of adjectives
The adjective, like other parts of speech, has a set of morphological features. Some of them are permanent (or immutable). Others, on the contrary, are non-permanent (or changeable). So, for example, the adjective sweet is a quality adjective, full form, positive degree of comparison. In a sentence, this word can be in different cases and numbers, and in the singular - in different genders. In the illustration, dotted lines lead to variable features. The ability to be in full or short form, in a positive - comparative - superlative degree, linguists refer to constant features. Different permanent signs are expressed in different ways. For example:
sweeter - comparative adjective sweet expressed by the suffix -sche- and the absence of an ending,
less sweet - the comparative degree of the adjective sweet is expressed by the combination less + sweet,
sweet - a short form of the adjective in singular. m.r. has a null ending, while the full form sweet has an ending -y.
Non-permanent signs: case, number, gender (in the singular) are expressed by endings: sweet, sweet, sweet, sweet, etc.
§3. Ranks of adjectives by meaning
Depending on the nature of the meaning, adjectives are divided into:
- quality: big, small, good, bad, funny, sad,
- relative: golden, tomorrow, forest, spring,
- possessive: fox, wolf, father, mother, fathers.
Quality adjectives
Qualitative adjectives denote features that can be expressed to a greater or lesser extent. Answer the question: Which?
They have:
- full and short forms: good - good, cheerful - cheerful
- degrees of comparison: small - less - smallest and smallest.
Most quality adjectives are non-derivative words. The stems of quality adjectives are generating stems from which adverbs are easily formed: bad ← bad, sad ← sad.
The meaning of quality adjectives is such that most of them enter into relationships
- synonyms: big, large, huge, huge
- antonyms: big - small.
Relative adjectives
Relative adjectives correlate in meaning with the words from which they are formed. Therefore, they are so named. Relative adjectives are always derived words: golden ← gold, tomorrow ← tomorrow, forest ← forest, spring ← spring. The signs expressed by relative adjectives do not have different degrees of intensity. These adjectives do not have degrees of comparison, as well as full and short forms. Answer the question: Which?
Possessive adjectives
These adjectives express the idea of belonging. They, unlike qualitative and relative adjectives, answer the question: Whose? Possessive adjectives do not have degrees of comparison, as well as full and short forms.
Suffixes of possessive adjectives: fox - -iy- [iy '], mother's - -in-, sinitsin - [yn], fathers - -ov-, Sergeev -ev-.
Possessive adjectives have a special set of endings. Even from the above examples, it is clear that initial form(im.p., singular, m.r.) they have a zero ending, while other adjectives have endings -
oh, oh, oh.
Forms im.p. and v.p. possessive adjectives. and plural as in nouns, and the rest as in adjectives:
Singular
Im.p. zh.r. - a: mother, fox, m.r. -:, mother, fox cf. - oh, e: mom, fox.
Rod.p. zh.r. - oh, to her: mother's, fox, m.r. and cf. - wow, his: mother's, fox.
Data p. zh.r. - oh, to her: mother's, fox, m.r. and cf. - oh, him: mother's, fox.
Win.p. zh.r. - y, y: mother's, fox, m.r. and cf. R. - as im.p. or r.p.
Tv.p. zh.r. - oh, to her: mother's, fox, m.r. and cf. - th, them: mother's, fox.
P.p. zh.r. - oh, to her: mother's, fox, m.r. and cf. - om, eat: mother's, fox.
Plural
Im.p. - s, and: mother's, fox.
Rod.p. - oh, them: mother's, fox.
Data p. - th, them: mother's, fox.
Win.p. - as im.p. or v.p.
Tv.p. - s, them: mother's, fox.
P.p. - oh, them: mother's, fox.
Adjectives can move from one category to another. Such transitions are due to the peculiarities of the context and are associated, as a rule, with the use of adjectives in figurative meanings. Examples:
- fox nora is a possessive adjective, and fox cunning - relative (does not belong to a fox, but like a fox)
- bitter medicine is a quality adjective, and bitter truth is relative (corresponding to bitterness)
- light bag is a quality adjective, and light life is relative (corresponding to ease)
§four. Full and short forms of quality adjectives
Qualitative adjectives have both forms: both full and short.
In full form, they are inclined, i.e. change by numbers, by gender (in singular) and by cases. Full adjectives in a sentence can be an attribute or part of a compound nominal predicate.
Late at night they left the house.
Late is a quality adjective, positive. degree, complete, in the form of singular, f.r., tv.p.
In the short form, adjectives are not declined. They do not change by case. Short adjectives change by number and gender (singular). Short forms of adjectives in a sentence are usually part of a compound nominal predicate.
The girl is sick.
Sick - a quality adjective, put. degree, short form, singular, female AT modern language in the role of definitions, short adjectives are in stable lexical combinations, for example: beautiful girl, in broad daylight.
Do not wonder:
Some qualitative adjectives in modern language have only short forms, for example: glad, must, much.
Relative and possessive adjectives have only the full form. Please note: for possessive adjectives with the suffix -in- in im.p. coinciding with it form v.p. ending - as in short forms.
§5. Degrees of comparison
Qualitative adjectives have degrees of comparison. This is how the language expresses that signs can have a greater or lesser degree. Tea can be sweet to a greater or lesser extent, right? And the language conveys this content.
The degrees of comparison thus convey the idea of comparison. They do it systematically. Three degrees: positive, comparative, superlative.
- Positive - this means that the trait is expressed without assessing the degree: high, cheerful, warm.
- Comparative determines a greater or lesser degree: higher, more cheerful, warmer, higher, more cheerful, warmer, less high, less cheerful, less warm.
- Superlative expresses the greatest or least degree: the highest, the most cheerful, the warmest, the highest, the most cheerful, the warmest.
It can be seen from the examples that the degrees of comparison are expressed in different ways. In comparative and superlative degrees, the meaning is transmitted either with the help of suffixes: higher, more fun, highest, funniest, or with the help of words: more, less, most. Therefore, comparative and superlative degrees of comparison can be expressed:
- simple forms: higher, highest,
- compound forms: higher, less high, highest.
Among the simple forms in Russian, as well as in other languages, for example, in English, there are forms formed from a different base.
- good, bad - positive degree
- better, worse - comparative degree
- best, worst - superlative
Words in simple and complex comparative and superlative degrees change in different ways:
- Comparative degree (simple): above, below - does not change.
- Comparative degree (complex): lower, lower, lower - the adjective itself changes, the change is possible by cases, numbers, and in the singular - by gender.
- Superlative degree (simple): highest, highest, highest - varies by cases, numbers, and in the singular - by gender, i.e. as in a positive way.
- Superlative degree (complex): the highest, the highest, the highest - both words change by cases, numbers, and in the singular - by gender, i.e. as in a positive way.
Adjectives in a simple comparative form in a sentence are part of the predicate:
Anna and Ivan are brother and sister. Anna is older than Ivan. She used to be taller, but now Ivan is taller.
The remaining forms of comparison are both in the role of a definition and in the role of a predicate:
I approached the older guys.
The guys were older than I thought.
I turned to the older guys.
These guys are the oldest of those who are engaged in the circle.
test of strength
Check your understanding of the contents of this chapter.
Final test
Is an adjective an independent part of speech?
What adjectives can express signs expressed to a greater or lesser extent?
- quality
- relative
- Possessive
Which adjectives are characterized by lexical relations of synonymy and antonymy?
- For quality
- For relative
- For possessive
Are relative adjectives derived?
Which full adjectives have a special set of endings?
- Quality
- Relative
- Possessive
Do adjectives in full form change by case?
What forms of adjectives are characterized by the syntactic role of the attribute?
- For full
- For brief
Do all adjectives change by case?
- Not all
Do all adjectives change by gender?
- Not all
Do adjectives in the superlative change in case?
Can comparative or superlative degrees be expressed in one word?
Can adjectives move from one class of meaning to another?
Right answers:
- quality
- For quality
- Possessive
- For full
- Not all
- Not all
In contact with
- express signs of objects and phenomena. For this, the Russian language has ranks of adjectives by meaning. Each of them has its own lexical and grammatical features - they are easy to remember with the help of tables. But how to determine the category of an adjective if it is used in a figurative sense? To do this, there is a reasoning algorithm that will not make mistakes in the most confusing cases.
In a figurative sense, the category of the adjective changes
What is the lexico-grammatical category of adjectives
In order to choose the right adjective and express the necessary feature of the subject, one must clearly understand what categories adjectives are divided into. There are only three of them in Russian: , relative, . The categories of adjectives have their own lexical (semantic) content and describe the subject in various aspects:
- reflect the perception of the object by our senses;
- relative characterize it in relation to the outside world;
- possessives indicate ownership.
Lexico-grammatical categories of adjectives Adjectives from different categories indicate different features of the subject, are not homogeneous members of the sentence, are not separated by a comma. The table shows the analysis of adjective names by meaning in the expressions: "dad's favorite evening show" and "uncle's bulky wooden prosthesis".
| Rank adjectives by meaning | Example with explanation |
|---|---|
| Quality (what? what?) | Darling- the quality of the program in the evaluation of the one who watches it Bulky- prosthesis size |
| Relative (what?) | Evening– ratio of transmission to viewing time Wood- relation to the material of manufacture of the prosthesis |
| Possessive (whose?) | Daddy's- belonging of the transfer to the sphere of interests of the pope Dyadin- belonging of the prosthesis to the uncle's property |
The category of an adjective with grammatical phenomena peculiar only to it is a kind of visiting card, the only morphological feature of this part of speech.
Quality adjectives
The most common adjectives are qualitative, they have the largest set of features:
- Qualitative adjectives express a person's mental reaction to an object, its analysis by our senses: sight, hearing, touch, smell, taste.
- They are primary: their meaning cannot be expressed by other parts of speech.
- The features that express qualitative adjectives have different degrees of severity and are evaluated subjectively. This category of adjectives differs from the rest in a large number of grammatical forms.
The table presents the entire set of word-formation, grammatical, lexical features, by which a qualitative adjective can be easily distinguished from a relative one.
| Signs of quality adjectives | Examples |
|---|---|
| Indicates the evaluation of an object by the senses | |
| By sight | Green color Size: huge Shape: square |
| by rumor | Quiet, melodic |
| Smell | Fragrant, smelly |
| touch | Thick, prickly, hot |
| taste | Sweet, sour |
| Overall rating | Pleasant, disgusting |
| 1. Form a short form (what?) | Heather beaver; quick to deal |
| 2. Have degrees of comparison | Black - blackest - blackest |
| 3. Combine with adverbs of degree and measure | Completely dumb, immeasurably rich |
| 4. Form estimated forms of decrease / increase | Smart - smartest - smartest |
| 5. Form: abstract nouns; verbs with a manifestation of a sign; adverbs in -o/-e | High - height Blue - turn blue Fresh - fresh; sincere - sincerely |
| 6. Have antonyms | Fascinating - boring |
| 7. Replaced with synonyms | Red - scarlet, crimson |
| 8. Used with a particle NOT, which is written together | Slow - immediate |
| 9. Form a compound adjective by repetition | gray-haired |
| Note. In adjectives: barefoot, alive, blind, humpbacked, naked the feature is fully expressed, so they do not form degrees of comparison |
|
| Role in the proposal | |
| Definition | White sail (what?) lonely. |
| Compound nominal predicate | He was lonely. True, children, I was, there is, will, what?) good? |
Relative adjectives
Relative adjectives express a sign of an object, indicating its connection with phenomena and objects outside world. This feature is unchanged, therefore there are no evaluative forms in this category of adjectives. Relative adjectives are easily replaced by noun constructions with prepositions in, from, for:
- forest edge - forest edge in forest;
- paper document - document from paper;
- operating knife knife for operations.
The close connection with the noun is expressed in the fact that in constructions with heterogeneous definitions, relative adjectives always stand next to the noun: delicious wild berry, but not: forest tasty berry.
Relative adjectives are easily distinguished from qualitative adjectives by features. Table. Signs of relative adjectives
| signs | Examples |
|---|---|
| Denotes attitude to the phenomena of the external world | |
| Place | Houseplant, city dweller |
| Time | Maybug, summer heat |
| Material | Silver spoon, water column |
| Units | Stopudovy bell; three-storey house |
| Functions | Reading room; fishing hook; space rocket |
| Lexico-grammatical features | |
| Answers the question what? ( from what, for what is done in than located) | garden vegetable vegetable from the garden |
| Does not have: short form, comparative degrees, other features of quality adjectives | ----- |
| Suffixes of relative adjectives | |
| -an/-yan | Leather en shoes, clay yang th soil |
| -sk/-esk | Kyiv ck th train, baby esk th age |
| -ov/-ev | Banana ov th plantation, bo ev action |
| -n | Kamen n th ax |
| -l | Run l th sound |
| null suffix | golden decoration |
Possessive adjectives
Unlike the previous categories, possessive adjectives answer the specific question for them whose? - and are easily differentiated. They express the belonging of the object to the owner, are used mainly in colloquial speech. In the past, with their help, many surnames and geographical names, set expressions were formed: citizen Petrov, Bering Bay, crocodile tears.
A feature of possessive adjectives is the answer to the question “whose?” Table. Features of possessive adjectives
| signs | Examples |
|---|---|
| Answer the question whose?; indicates that the item belongs to the owner | the swallow nest Boyish Secrets |
| Formed only from animate objects | sparrow squeak |
| Suffixes for possessive adjectives | |
| -ov/-ev | Grandfather's award, the king's decree |
| -in/-yn | Machine diploma, chicken clucking |
| -th/th | Wolf howl, fox (i = ya) mouth |
| -ovy | filial duty |
| -achy | dog barking |
| -insk | sister post |
Algorithm for distinguishing ranks of adjectives Transition between digits
In determining the category of an adjective, it is not formal features that are of primary importance, but the quality that is expressed by the phrase “noun + adjective”. With a figurative meaning and in stable expressions, possessive and relative adjectives pass into the category of qualitative ones and answer the question which one?, while synonyms are selected. To define relative adjectives, we first exclude the question whose? and then we replace the adjective with the construction “preposition + noun”.
| Example | quality | Relative | Possessive |
|---|---|---|---|
| Crimson | Raspberry beret (color - dark pink) | Raspberry jam (from raspberries) | |
| Amber | Amber shine (color - bright yellow) | Amber pendant (from amber) | |
| Paternal | Fatherly feelings (what? - warm, like a father's) | Father's house (whose?) | |
| Iron | Iron character (what? - hard, like iron) | Iron scrap (from iron) | |
| Twilight | Twilight mood (what? - sad, like twilight) | Twilight lighting (at dusk | |
| lion | Lion character (what? - bold, like a lion) | Lion hunting (for a lion) | Lion's footprint (whose?) |
| Falcon | Hawkeye (what? -sharp, like a falcon) | Falconry (with a falcon; for a falcon) | Falconry (whose?) |
| Feline | Cat's gait (what? - inaudible, like a cat) | Cat food (for a cat) | Cat's paw (whose?) |
How to distinguish a possessive adjective from a qualitative one in a figurative sense In Russian, adjectives are divided into three categories. The classification is based on the lexical and grammatical features of the discussed parts of speech. Common to all adjectives is the designation of a constant (not changing over time) attribute of an object; differences begin with the nature of their lexical bases, expressing direct (manifested by themselves), mediated (defined through comparison with other phenomena) and "belonging" properties and qualities of objects.
- quality adjectives. Qualitative adjectives answer the question "what?" and denote direct names of features associated with lexical meanings:
- flowers (red, pink, crimson);
- spatial characteristics (right - left, straight - curve);
- physical properties of objects (sour - sweet, hot - cold, light - heavy);
- appearance and internal qualities people and animals (thin - fat, smart - stupid, lazy - hardworking).
All of the above features do not necessarily appear in the same word, but they are not characteristic of other categories of adjectives, and the presence of at least one of them already indicates a qualitative characteristic of the part of speech. - flowers (red, pink, crimson);
- Relative adjectives. Relative adjectives answer the question "what?" and denote indirect names of features defined through relation to another:
- an object or person (orange juice - orange juice, children's clothes - clothes for children);
- action (washing powder - washing powder);
- time or place ( Spring rain- the rain that comes in the spring; urban transport - transport operating in the city);
- concept (philosophical treatise).
Relative adjectives can become qualitative adjectives. This usually happens in cases where the word gets into other content and changes its lexical meaning (iron lattice - a lattice made of iron and iron will - strong, strong, unbending). - an object or person (orange juice - orange juice, children's clothes - clothes for children);
- Possessive adjectives. Possessive adjectives answer the question "whose?" and denote the belonging of one object to another. As a rule, possessive adjectives indicate an animated person - a person (mother's robe, uncle's car) or an animal (bear's lair). Belonging to inanimate objects in Russian is usually expressed using relative adjectives or other parts of speech, but sometimes here (mainly in fiction, in the author's, metaphorical context) you can find possessive adjectives - for example, Mayakovsky's rib arcs.
Possessive adjectives are formed from nouns using two groups of suffixes:- -ov (-ev), -in (-yn);
- -th, -ya, -e, -other, -sky.
- -ov (-ev), -in (-yn);
By the difference in the questions "what?" - "whose?" possessive adjectives are easily separated from qualitative and relative ones. Qualitative adjectives are easiest to determine by trying to change them, giving a subjective assessment, putting them in a short form, or developing their quality to one degree or another. Relative adjectives are “visible” to form combinations of two nouns whenever possible.