EntranceBlack Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy. Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation Where is the Black Sea Fleet based
The Black Sea Fleet is an operational-strategic association of the Russian Navy in the Black Sea, which includes diesel submarines, surface ships for operations in the ocean and near sea zones, naval missile-carrying, anti-submarine and fighter aircraft, and units of coastal troops.
The history of the origin and formation of the Black Sea Fleet dates back to the second half of the 18th century, when Russia achieved major successes in the struggle for access to the seas and established itself on the shores of the Azov and Black Seas. Sailors of the Black Sea Fleet took an active part in the revolutionary events of 1917, and from the spring of 1918 they participated in the fight against the advancing forces of German troops. During the Great Patriotic War, the Black Sea Fleet defended bases and coasts, protected its communications, acted on enemy communications, and carried out air strikes on its coastal facilities. Subsequently, having restored the infrastructure destroyed by the war, the Black Sea Fleet carried out tasks to protect the southern borders of the country.
After the collapse of the USSR, from August 1992, the Black Sea Fleet existed as a united fleet (of the Russian Federation and Ukraine). According to the bilateral agreements on the Black Sea Fleet of 1995 and 1997, on its basis, the Russian Black Sea Fleet and the Ukrainian Navy were created with separate basing, and the status of the Russian fleet on the territory of Ukraine was determined.
On June 12, 1997, the historical St. Andrew's flag was again raised on the ships of the Russian Black Sea Fleet, under which the Black Sea sailors resumed their participation in long-distance voyages not only in the Mediterranean Sea, but also in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans. In 2010, the Black Sea Fleet organizationally became part of the Southern Military District.
On April 2, 2014, in connection with the admission of the Republic of Crimea to the Russian Federation and the formation of new subjects within the Russian Federation - the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol, the President of Russia signed the Federal Law "On the termination of agreements relating to the presence of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine" . After this, the renewal of the naval personnel, aviation and equipment of the coastal troops of the Black Sea Fleet began.
The Black Sea Fleet protects Russia's economic interests in the region, ensures the safety of navigation, and carries out foreign policy actions of the government in economically important areas of the World Ocean (visits, business calls, joint exercises, actions as part of peacekeeping forces, etc.). During the operation of the Russian Aerospace Forces in Syria, fleet forces from the permanent naval group in the Mediterranean provided maritime cover for aviation operations from the Khmeimim air base.
Posted By website on 08/15/2012
Black Sea Fleet – ships of the Black Sea Fleet of Sevastopol photos
And it would be wrong not to inspect the Black Sea Fleet of Russia and Ukraine from the water. At least a small part of it. And a plus to this - if you have not seen sea giants before, it will be doubly interesting.
Excursions are offered in two places, both to the right and to the left of the ferry crossing to the server part of Sevastopol
If there is a normal number of participants, it is quite possible to bargain with private traders. And if the group has already been recruited and is about to leave, but there are not enough people, then you can also bargain a little for the set and urgency.
In our group - company on a pleasure boat - a wealthy American spy))) with a translator was discovered. The excursion itself was conducted and narrated at the same time by the brave captain. A sea wolf who managed to visit America and live there for some time. As a result, during the time that we waited until the number of participants arrived, he told a lot of interesting things about this country and its customs. Overall it was fun and interesting.
The excursion itself took place across the waters of the bay with the passage of moored warships of the Russian Navy. It must be said that the tour guide, the captain, was quite competent and clearly told us what model of ship it was, what it was intended for, where and what it was involved in, and when it last went to sea. In general, quite interesting and entertaining facts.
We were a little lucky and on the return passage we also passed by a submarine of the Russian fleet standing at the pier, on which the sailors were dragging huge cables. In general, it was very interesting, especially for me as a land representative of humanity. True, it was quite fleeting, as it naturally seemed to me. In general, as in any business, it is important who will tell you what. Since it is clear that the majesty and size of warships arouse interest in almost everyone - but the details of the place are never superfluous and make the excursion even more expressive.
Now let’s just add a few historical facts: The Black Sea Fleet begins its history in 1783 immediately after the incorporation of Crimea into Russia. The initial base of the fleet was Akhtiarskaya Bay, where over time the modern city of Sevastopol was founded.
With the collapse of the USSR, the Soviet Black Sea Fleet was currently divided into:
Red Banner Black Sea Fleet (Black Sea Fleet) - the operational-strategic association of the Navy of the Russian Federation on the Black Sea (fleet flagship - "Moscow" No. 121 - missile cruiser);
Ukrainian Naval Forces (flagship "Hetman Sahaidachny" U130 - border patrol ship).
In accordance with interstate agreements of 1995 and 1997, the stay of the Russian Black Sea Fleet in Crimea ends on May 28, 2017, with a rent of $98 million.
Approximately 70% of the ground-based technical infrastructure of the Russian fleet is currently located on the territory of Crimea. Its strength is 25,000 people. The main bases of the Russian Navy are in Sevastopol - Sevastopolskaya, Yuzhnaya, Karantinnaya, Cossack bays, as well as Feodosia and Novorossiysk.
Quote from P.S. Nakhimov - “to block the entrance of enemy ships to the roadstead and thereby save Sevastopol.” On August 27, 1855, after the completion of the defense of the South Side, the rest of the fleet was forced to scuttle.
The name of the ship is “Priazovye”, side number SSV-201, Project - 864, in service since 1987 519th separate division of reconnaissance ships
The name of the ship is “Priazovye”, side number SSV-201, Project - 864, in service since 1987, 519th separate division of reconnaissance ships Name “Kildin” in service since 1979, ship project -861M, 112th brigade of reconnaissance ships Name - “ Liman", project - 861M, in service since 1989 - 112th brigade of reconnaissance ships
Name "Equator" in service since 1968, ship project -861M, 112th brigade of reconnaissance ships Name "Equator" in service since 1968, ship project -861M, 112th brigade of reconnaissance ships Name of the ship - "Priazovye" hull number SSV- 201, Project - 864, in service since 1987 519th separate division of reconnaissance ships
The name of the ship is "Priazovye", side number SSV-201, Project - 864, in service since 1987, 519th separate division of reconnaissance ships. Name of the ship Yenisei - Hospital ship, 9th brigade of maritime support vessels Project 320A, in service since 1979. Characteristics - Home port Sevastopol Owner Black Sea Fleet Navy, Black Sea Fleet Built by Adolf Barsky, Stettin Vessel and crew size Length 152.6 m Width 19.4 m Crew: 124 sailors, 83 doctors Vehicle 2 diesel engines, performance 2 x 7800 hp (5737 kW) Speed maximum 19.8 knots (37 km/h), two propellers. The name of the ship Yenisei is Hospital Ship, 9th Brigade of Marine Support Vessels Project 320A, in service since 1979. Characteristics - Home port Sevastopol Owner Black Sea Fleet Navy, Black Sea Fleet Built by Adolf Barsky, Stettin Vessel and crew size Length 152.6 m Width 19.4 m Crew: 124 sailors, 83 doctors Vehicle 2 diesel engines, performance 2 x 7800 hp (5737 kW) Speed maximum 19.8 knots (37 km/h), two propellers.
Name “Ladny” hull number 801- c Patrol ship project 1135-1135M, manufactured in 1980 - Shipyard “Zaliv” (Kerch) Displacement 3200 tons Length 123 m Width 14.2 m Draft 4.28 m Technical data Power plant 2 M7K gas turbine units (main gas turbine DO63 and afterburner DK59) Afterburner power: 36,000 l. s., marching: 12,000 l. With. The propellers are 2 four-bladed, low-noise, with a propeller fairing. Each weight is 7650 kg, diameter - 3.5 m Speed 32.2 knots; economical - 14 knots Cruising range 5000 nautical miles at a speed of 14 knots Crew 197 people, including 22 officers Armament Artillery armament 2 × 2 - 76.2 mm gun mounts AK-726-MR-105 Anti-ship weapons URPK-5 "Fall" (4 launchers) Anti-aircraft missile armament 2 × 2 launchers of the Osa-MA-2 air defense system (40 9M-33 missiles) Torpedo and mine armament 2 four-tube 533-mm torpedo tubes ChTA-53-1135, 2 × 12 rocket launchers RBU- 6000 “Smerch-2” Name “Ladny” side number 801- c Patrol ship, project 1135-1135M, manufactured in 1980 - Shipyard “Zaliv” (Kerch) Displacement 3200 tons Length 123 m Width 14.2 m Draft 4, 28 m Technical data Power plant 2 M7K gas turbine units (main gas turbine DO63 and afterburner DK59) Afterburner power: 36,000 l. s., marching: 12,000 l. With. The propellers are 2 four-bladed, low-noise, with a propeller fairing. Each weight is 7650 kg, diameter - 3.5 m Speed 32.2 knots; economical - 14 knots Cruising range 5000 nautical miles at a speed of 14 knots Crew 197 people, including 22 officers Armament Artillery armament 2 × 2 - 76.2 mm gun mounts AK-726-MR-105 Anti-ship weapons URPK-5 "Fall" (4 launchers) Anti-aircraft missile armament 2 × 2 launchers of the Osa-MA-2 air defense system (40 9M-33 missiles) Torpedo and mine armament 2 four-tube 533-mm torpedo tubes ChTA-53-1135, 2 × 12 rocket launchers RBU- 6000 "Smerch-2"
The name of the ship Yenisei is Hospital Ship, 9th Brigade of Marine Support Vessels Project 320A, in service since 1979. Characteristics - Home port Sevastopol Owner Black Sea Fleet Navy, Black Sea Fleet Built by Adolf Barsky, Stettin Vessel and crew size Length 152.6 m Width 19.4 m Crew: 124 sailors, 83 doctors Vehicle 2 diesel engines, performance 2 x 7800 hp (5737 kW) Speed maximum 19.8 knots (37 km/h), two propellers. The name of the ship Yenisei is Hospital Ship, 9th Brigade of Marine Support Vessels Project 320A, in service since 1979. Characteristics - Home port Sevastopol Owner Black Sea Fleet Navy, Black Sea Fleet Built by Adolf Barsky, Stettin Vessel and crew size Length 152.6 m Width 19.4 m Crew: 124 sailors, 83 doctors Vehicle 2 diesel engines, performance 2 x 7800 hp (5737 kW) Speed maximum 19.8 knots (37 km/h), two propellers.
GS "Donuzlav" - 422nd separate division of hydrographic vessels of the GS Black Sea Fleet GS "Svor" - 422 separate division of hydrographic vessels of the GS Black Sea Fleet
GS "Svor" - 422 separate division of hydrographic vessels of the GS Black Fleet
Hydrographic vessel "Svor" - 422
Submarine Alrosa-B-871 - starred in a number of films, including "72 - meters" Submarine Alrosa-B-871, 1990 - Russian diesel-electric submarine
The name of the submarine is B-871 “Alrosa”, in service since 1990, 247th separate submarine division. The unofficial name of this type of ship is “Varshavyanka”. B-871 "Alrosa" is a Russian diesel-electric submarine of Project 877B "Halibut". Speed (surface) 10 knots Speed (underwater) 17 knots Operating diving depth 240 m Maximum diving depth 300 m Navigation autonomy 45 days Crew 52 people, including 12 officers Surface displacement 2300 tons Underwater displacement 3950 tons Maximum length (according to waterline) 76 .2 m Hull width max. 9.9 m Average draft (according to waterline) 6.2 Diesel-electric with full electric propulsion. 2 diesel generators of 1000-1500 kW each, main electric motor 4,050 - 5,500 hp. economical electric motor with a power of 190 hp, two reserve electric motors of 102 hp each, 6 bow-mounted TAs of 533 mm caliber, normally charged, with automatic loading, 18 torpedoes or 24 mines of Strela-ZM or Igla-1 MANPADS The name of the submarine is B-871 “Alrosa”, in service since 1990, 247th separate submarine division. The unofficial name of this type of ship is “Varshavyanka”. B-871 "Alrosa" is a Russian diesel-electric submarine of Project 877B "Halibut". Speed (surface) 10 knots Speed (underwater) 17 knots Operating diving depth 240 m Maximum diving depth 300 m Navigation autonomy 45 days Crew 52 people, including 12 officers Surface displacement 2300 tons Underwater displacement 3950 tons Maximum length (according to waterline) 76 .2 m Hull width max. 9.9 m Average draft (according to waterline) 6.2 Diesel-electric with full electric propulsion. 2 diesel generators of 1000-1500 kW each, main electric motor 4,050 - 5,500 hp. economical electric motor with a power of 190 hp, two reserve electric motors of 102 hp each, 6 bow-mounted TAs of 533 mm caliber, normally charged, with automatic loading, 18 torpedoes or 24 mines of Strela-ZM or Igla-1 MANPADS The name of the submarine is B-871 “Alrosa”, in service since 1990, 247th separate submarine division. The unofficial name of this type of ship is “Varshavyanka”. B-871 "Alrosa" is a Russian diesel-electric submarine of Project 877B "Halibut". Speed (surface) 10 knots Speed (underwater) 17 knots Operating diving depth 240 m Maximum diving depth 300 m Navigation autonomy 45 days Crew 52 people, including 12 officers Surface displacement 2300 tons Underwater displacement 3950 tons Maximum length (according to waterline) 76 .2 m Hull width max. 9.9 m Average draft (according to waterline) 6.2 Diesel-electric with full electric propulsion. 2 diesel generators of 1000-1500 kW each, main electric motor 4,050 - 5,500 hp. economical electric motor with a power of 190 hp, two reserve electric motors of 102 hp each, 6 bow-mounted TAs of 533 mm caliber, normally charged, with automatic loading, 18 torpedoes or 24 mines of Strela-ZM or Igla-1 MANPADS
The name of the submarine is B-871 “Alrosa”, in service since 1990, 247th separate submarine division. Submarine "Alrosa" - B-871, 1990
"Azov" - Large landing ship of project 775, side number 151, 197th landing ship brigade, BDK - 7, Manufacturer Stocznia Polnocna (Gdansk, Poland), Commissioned 10/12/1990
In the photo of the Black Sea Fleet - "Azov" - Large landing ship of project 775, side number 151 and "Ladny" - Patrol ship pronet 1135-1135M, side number No. 801 Side number 151 - name "Azov" - Large landing ship of project 775, 197 1st brigade of landing ships, BDK - 7, Manufacturer Stocznia Polnocna (Gdansk, Poland), Commissioned on 10/12/1990 Board number No. 801 - name "Ladny" - Patrol ship carried 1135-1135M, in service since 12/29/1980 manufactured - Shipyard "Zaliv" (Kerch), 30th division of surface ships
"Yenisei" - Project 320A, in service since 1979, 9th brigade of maritime support vessels "Ladny" - Patrol ship pronet 1135-1135M, side number No. 801 in service since 12/29/1980 manufactured - Shipyard "Zaliv" (T. Kerch), 30th division of surface ships
"Azov" - Large landing ship of project 775, side number 151, 197th brigade of landing ships, BDK - 7, Manufacturer Stocznia Polnocna (Gdansk, Poland), Commissioned 10/12/1990 "Azov" - Large landing ship of project 775, tail number 151, 197th landing ship brigade, BDK - 7, Manufacturer Stocznia Polnocna (Gdansk, Poland), Commissioned 10/12/1990
"Azov" - Large landing ship of project 775, side number 151, 197th landing ship brigade, BDK - 7, Manufacturer Stocznia Polnocna (Gdansk, Poland), Commissioned 10/12/1990
After the events of 2014, Crimea again attracted the attention of not only Russians, but, perhaps, the whole world. And this is not only a matter of political scandal between two states - Russia and Ukraine. And it’s not the speed with which Russia carried out the Crimean operation. And the fact is that after the return of Crimea, Chernomorsky found a second life.
It is no secret that during the years of Ukraine’s ownership of the Crimean shores, the development of Crimea has greatly slowed down, and very few financial resources were allocated from the treasury for the maintenance of the peninsula. This also affected the naval bases of the Crimean Peninsula. In the article we will try to describe as fully as possible what prospects Russia has for the development of the Black Sea Fleet on the Crimean Peninsula.
Balaklava Bay. A little history
It is known from history that after Crimea came under Russian ownership, the ships of the Russian Black Sea Fleet were stationed in Balaklava Bay. Since 1776, the Balaklava Greek infantry battalion was located in this place. The basis of this battalion were emigrants who took part in the anti-Ottoman uprising on the islands of the Aegean Sea. It should be noted that Tsarina Catherine the Great herself noted her favor with the brave Hellenes.
From 1853 to 1856, during the Crimean War, Balaklava and the bay were captured by British troops. They turned Balaklava Bay into a military base and, in fact, assaults were carried out from there, and there was military support during the siege of Sevastopol.
When the fleet was divided between Ukraine and Russia, as of August 1994, the Black Sea Fleet in Crimea included the 153rd and 155th brigades of the 14th division.
At the same time, the 475th division had 14 large and 9 medium submarines and a floating submarine base.
But it must be said that the Zaporozhye submarine (project 641), transferred to Ukraine during the division of the fleet, turned out to be unsuitable for this base due to its technical parameters.
And after the division of the fleets, she was sent to the docks for repairs, which the Ukrainian Navy is still trying to carry out.
After Russian sailors finally left Ukrainian waters in 1995, the Balaklava base was abandoned. And its actual “owners” were hunters for non-ferrous and ferrous metals, since the base had huge reserves of equipment and machine tools.
And after a short period of time, when the Russian Black Sea Fleet left the territorial waters of Ukraine, the Balaklava base was a heartbreaking sight.
Also, the object of excursions around the city and the bay was the underground plant for the restoration and repair of Black Sea Fleet submarines. The top-secret base was actively used by the Soviet Union during the Cold War and as a nuclear weapons depot.
The Ukrainian authorities have not found a better use for the secret base, other than to conduct tourist excursions around the military underwater base.
How the Black Sea Fleet was divided
An agreement on the procedure and conditions for the presence of the Russian Black Sea Fleet in the territorial waters and ports of Ukraine was signed in Kyiv on May 28, 1997, following an intergovernmental agreement. The conditions for the division of the Black Sea Fleet and the mutual settlements associated with such division were also agreed upon. These documents were ratified by the State Duma and the Ukrainian Parliament in 1999.
The signed agreement made it possible to separate the Russian Black Sea Fleet and the Ukrainian Navy. It was decided to leave the main base and headquarters in Sevastopol. And property differences should have been taken into account by an agreement on the division of property. At the same time, 87.7% went to Russia, and 12.3% of all ships went to Ukraine.
This entire period of agreeing on the legal status of the Black Sea Fleet and its future fate, of course, had a negative impact on its combat effectiveness. Many from 1991 to 1997. what was happening was perceived as the fact that the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy was slowly but surely dying.
Black Sea Fleet in numbers
Comparison of numbers during this period could not strengthen the morale of the personnel.
So let's compare the numbers.
1. Black Sea Fleet for 1991:
Personnel - 100 thousand people.
The number of ships is 835 of all existing classes:
- submarines - 28;
- missile cruisers - 6;
- anti-submarine cruisers - 2;
- BODs of rank II, destroyers and patrol ships of rank II - 20;
- TFR - 40 units;
- small ships and ships - 30;
- minesweepers - 70;
- landing ships - 50;
- naval aviation - more than four hundred units.
2. Russian Black Sea Fleet for 1997:
- The number of personnel is 25 thousand people. (including 2 thousand people in strike aviation and marines).
- The number of ships and vessels is 33.
- There are 106 aircraft in the fleet (of which 22 are combat).
- Armored vehicles - 132.
- Command posts - 16 (was 80).
- Communication objects - 11 (out of 39).
- Radio technical service facilities - 11 (from 40).
- Rear facilities - 9 (out of 50).
- Ship repair facilities - 3 (out of 7).
According to the 1997 section, the Ukrainian Navy consisted of:
- Warships - 30.
- Submarines - 1.
- Combat aircraft - 90.
- Special purpose ships - 6.
- Support vessels - 28 units.
Current state of the Black Sea Fleet
Russia's Black Sea has always been and remains one of the main factors of stability and security in southern shipping routes. The combat ships of the Black Sea Fleet are doing everything possible to ensure these tasks on the borders of the Black and Mediterranean Seas.
But the Black Sea Fleet is able to carry out combat missions in different areas of the World Ocean.
Ships of the Russian Black Sea Fleet successfully perform missions in the Sea of Japan, interacting with the Baltic Fleet. Vessels from the command of this fleet participated in the transport escort operation for transporting Syrian chemical weapons in the Mediterranean Sea.
On an ongoing basis, Black Sea Fleet support ships successfully carry out counter-piracy missions.
Increase in combat level
The return of Crimea to the Russian structure undoubtedly improved the combat effectiveness of the Black Sea Fleet. The Russian Federation, on a planned basis, received the opportunity to properly develop the Navy on the Crimean Peninsula.
The naval forces will have a comprehensive system in Crimea, which will include land bases. The Russian Black Sea Fleet acquired the main base for the deployment of ships - Sevastopol.
The basic principles of deployment of fleet basing systems and infrastructure are self-sufficiency and functionality. It will be necessary to re-equip the bases of surface and submarine ships and coastal troops with everything necessary to ensure full-fledged service and livelihoods.
List of Black Sea Fleet vessels
The reference books provide detailed data by which you can assess what the Russian Black Sea Fleet is like today.
List of surface ships of the thirtieth division:
- Gvardeysky
- "Kerch" is a large anti-submarine ship.
- Sentry
- Patrol ship "Ladny".
- Patrol ship "Inquisitive".
Composition of landing ships of the 197th brigade:
Large landing ships:
- "Nikolai Filchenkov".
- "Orsk".
- "Saratov".
- "Azov".
- "Novocherkassk".
- "Caesar Kunikov"
- "Yamal".
Composition of the 68th Brigade of Security Ships:
Small anti-submarine ships:
- "Alexandrovets".
- "Muromets".
- "Suzdalets".
Sea minesweepers:
- "Kovrovets".
- "Ivan Golubets"
- "Turbinist".
- "Vice Admiral Zhukov."
Submarines:
- "Rostov-on-Don" - B237.
- "Novorossiysk" - B261.
- (ex-Zaporozhye) - B435.
- "Alrosa" - B871.
Missile boats of the 41st brigade:
- "Bora."
- "Simoom".
- "Calm".
- "Mirage".
Composition of the 295th Sulina Division:
Missile boats:
- "R-60".
- "R-71".
- "R-109".
- "R-239".
- "Ivanovets".
Composition of the 184th Brigade (Novorossiysk):
Anti-submarine ships:
- "Povorino."
- "Yesk".
- "Kasimov".
Minesweepers:
- "Zheleznyakov".
- "Valentin Pikul."
- "Vice Admiral Zakharyin."
- "Mineral water".
- "Lieutenant Ilyin."
- "RT-46".
- "RT-278".
- "D-144".
- "D-199".
- "D-106".
It didn’t take long to find a site where the headquarters of the Russian Black Sea Fleet would be located. Sevastopol turned out to be the most suitable for this (in the same place where the headquarters of the Ukrainian Navy was located until March 19, 2014).
Prospects for the development of the submarine fleet
After the division of ships, the Black Sea people have one submarine in service - the diesel Alrosa.
Today, Russia has a program for the gradual build-up of the submarine armed forces of the Black Sea Fleet. The Russian Black Sea Fleet will see the results of these efforts as early as 2016.
By this time, six new diesel submarines are expected to be replenished. Such a replenishment of the submarine fleet will radically change the balance of power in the Black Sea.
The Black Sea Fleet will now be able to solve a variety of tasks at underwater depths and will create groupings to achieve combat goals.
The estimated dates for the commissioning of submarines are different. For example, already on August 22, 2015, the St. Petersburg flag was raised on the diesel-electric submarine Novorossiysk in St. Petersburg. After full-scale testing at the Northern Fleet's naval training ground, it will undoubtedly be sent to a long-term deployment location.
The third submarine from the series of ships for the Black Sea Fleet of program 636 - "Stary Oskol" - was launched on August 28, 2015. After a series of sea trials and state tests, it will take its place in the Black Sea Fleet.
But that's not all. The completion of the hull of the submarine "Krasnodar" continues and the launch of the "Rostov-on-Don" is being completed.
Two more submarines from the project to strengthen the submarine Black Sea Fleet - Kolpino and Veliky Novgorod - will be laid down.
All 6 submarines of the 636 diesel program are electric, and by 2016 they will be transferred to the Russian Black Sea Fleet. The crews for these submarines have been formed and are undergoing training at Navy training centers.
Carrier-based aircraft
Of course, the Black Sea Fleet is obliged to have full-fledged carrier-based aviation. Now there is an opportunity to increase the pace of renewal of the naval aviation fleet. It is planned to replace the Su-24 aircraft with the new Su-30 MS.
It is also important not to forget that the unique NITKA complex is located in Crimea. For many years, carrier-based aircraft of the Northern Fleet in Crimea have honed their skills on this unique complex.
The pace of repair of the existing aircraft fleet of the Black Sea Fleet is also increasing. All this will allow us to achieve the given level and provide aviation to the Russian Black Sea Fleet. The composition of aircraft ready to perform combat missions will be within 80% of the required quantity.
Recreation of the basing system
It is planned to recreate a basing system on the Crimean peninsula that will meet all the requirements for carrying out combat missions in the region.
The main base is located in the city of Sevastopol, and points for the deployment of the Black Sea Fleet will be located there.
The main requirement for the placement of basing systems is their full independence on the principle of ensuring functionality and self-sufficiency. This port, where the Russian Black Sea Fleet will be located, the composition of ships, both surface and underwater, will be provided with everything necessary for full-fledged service and life.
Thus, at factories in Crimea, production areas will be created in the shortest possible time that would meet modern requirements and technologies. In order to service the newest ships that are entering the Russian Black Sea Fleet, a phased replacement of machine tools with new ones begins.
Now the federal unitary enterprise in Sevastopol has literally come to life. Repairs have already been made to two large anti-submarine ships of the Northern Fleet (they are part of the Navy's operational unit in the Mediterranean).
Also, the plant is undergoing repair work on Alrosa. In addition, it should be noted that workers’ wages were brought to the national level.
Now the Russian Black Sea Fleet in Sevastopol has received a modern repair base.
The same work is being carried out in Novorossiysk under the federal target program, which is designed until 2020. As part of this program, it is planned to build a location for the Black Sea Fleet forces in Novorossiysk. Just like Sevastopol, this port with its rare protective pier will undoubtedly be another combat location for Russian ships and submarines.
Equipment vessels for the Black Sea Fleet
To ensure the safety of navigation in the Black Sea region, Black Sea Fleet hydrographers have a large range of work to do. It will be necessary to conduct comprehensive studies of coastal waters, which will lead to adjustments to navigation maps. Black Sea Fleet hydrographic vessels check the operation of radio navigation systems with subsequent repair and modernization.
This entire complex of work will significantly affect the safety of navigation in this region, which, in turn, will protect the Russian Black Sea Fleet, the composition of which is constantly being replenished.
Thus, in order to comprehensively equip underwater submarines and surface vessels, the Black Sea Fleet will be replenished with six more ships, which will undoubtedly have a positive impact on defense capability and will allow it to carry out tasks not only in the area of responsibility provided by the Black Sea Fleet, but also beyond it.
Story
History before 1917
The Black Sea Fleet was founded in 1783 after Russia annexed Crimea. Its first base was Akhtiarskaya Bay, located on the southwestern coast of the Crimean Peninsula. The city of Sevastopol was founded here.
The fleet developed and grew at a rapid pace, and already in 1787 it consisted of 3 battleships, 12 frigates, 3 bombardment ships, and 28 other warships. The fleet was controlled by the Black Sea Admiralty.
According to bilateral agreements on the temporary (until May 28, 2017) presence of the Russian Black Sea Fleet (BSF) in Ukraine from 1995 and 1997, on the basis of the Black Sea Fleet, the Russian Black Sea Fleet and the Ukrainian Navy were created with separate basing on the territory of Ukraine.
70% of the entire infrastructure of the Russian Black Sea Fleet is located on the territory of Crimea. The 25,000-strong fleet personnel are stationed at three bases: in Sevastopol (Sevastopolskaya, Yuzhnaya, Karantinnaya, Kazachya bays), Feodosia, Novorossiysk and temporarily in Nikolaev, where the construction and repair of Russian ships is underway.
According to the Agreement between Ukraine and the Russian Federation on the status and conditions of the presence of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine dated May 31, 1997, a group of Russian ships and vessels of up to 388 units (of which 14 diesel submarines) may be located in Ukrainian territorial waters and on land ). The leased airfields in Gvardeysky and Sevastopol (Kach) can accommodate 161 aircraft. This is quite comparable to the power of the Turkish naval group. The said Agreement was concluded for 20 years. The term of the Agreement will be automatically extended for subsequent five-year periods unless either Party notifies the other Party in writing of the termination of the Agreement no later than one year before its expiration.
Despite this, for example, according to the Internet portal Flot.com dated March 26, 2009:
“Modernization of the ship composition of the Russian Black Sea Fleet on the territory of Crimea is possible only with the consent of Ukraine. This was stated on March 25 by the press secretary of the Ukrainian Foreign Ministry Vasily Kirilich in response to media reports that the Russian Navy intends to transfer submarines to the Black Sea Fleet.
The replacement of weapons of the Black Sea Fleet should occur only with the consent of Ukraine, which is provided for in the agreement on the division of the Black Sea Fleet of 1997, and only after both parties have signed regulatory documents, Kirilich clarified.
The Ukrainian side is against the replenishment of the Black Sea Fleet on the territory of Ukraine with combat units, but the replacement must be carried out adequately, in accordance with the type and class of ships being replaced. This issue is not new and Ukraine’s position on it is well known to the Russian side, Kirilich added.
Earlier, Deputy Chief of the Main Staff of the Russian Navy, Vice Admiral Oleg Burtsev, said that the Black Sea Fleet should have at least 8-10 submarines and will be replenished with them. “Ukraine views this not as a renewal of the fleet, but as the supply of a new type of weapon,” he commented on the statement of the Ukrainian side.”
Chronicle of political confrontation
According to the leadership of the Russian Federation, the aggravation of relations between Ukraine and the Russian Federation was caused by the election in 2004 of the new President of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko, who, being the guarantor of the Constitution of Ukraine, is obliged to guarantee compliance with the requirements of part 7 of article 17 of the Constitution of Ukraine, which states that “on the territory of Ukraine there is no the placement of foreign military bases is allowed,” as well as paragraph 14 of the Transitional Provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine, which states that “the use of existing military bases on the territory of Ukraine for the temporary stay of foreign military units is possible on lease terms in the manner determined by international treaties of Ukraine ratified by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine "
On the night of January 18-19, the Black Sea Fleet command blocked the entry of equipment into the Crimean Sarych lighthouse by placing an armored personnel carrier on its territory. In addition, the command introduces armed units of marines to the four main Crimean lighthouses - Aytodorsky, Evpatoriya, Tarkhankutsky and Sarych. In connection with the unauthorized relocation of military equipment to Cape Sarych, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine sends a note of protest to Russia.
The developments are reminiscent of a similar Russian-Ukrainian confrontation in 2003, when a dispute over several islands of the Tuzla Spit in the Kerch Strait, whose total area is about 3 km², almost escalated into a military clash. In December 2003, the “intervention” of the Russian president was required to resolve the crisis around the Tuzla Spit together with the Ukrainian president.
Representatives of Ukrainian nationalist organizations constantly picket Russian naval facilities in Crimea, demanding to “stop the occupation of Ukraine.”
Ships of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy.
In December, the plans of the Ukrainian Ministry of Defense to redeploy troops to the Ukrainian-Russian border were made public, but after solving problems with gas transit through the territory of Ukraine and the price of gas for Ukraine, these plans were forgotten.
On June 23, Ukrainian police detained a service bus of the Black Sea Fleet with 30 sailors who were en route to Mount Opuk to the Marine training site. The verification of documents lasted more than 20 hours and ended with the drawing up of reports on an administrative offense under the article “Violation of the rules of stay in Ukraine by foreigners and stateless persons” and one of the servicemen being admitted to a military hospital with heat stroke. Previously, similar cases also occurred. Ukrainian police officers referred to their implementation of Decree of the President of Ukraine No. 705/2008 dated August 13, 2008 “On the situation around movements related to the activities of military units of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation outside their places of deployment on the territory of Ukraine.” At the same time, the fleet command sent a protest to the Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in Sevastopol. In the document, the Russian Black Sea Fleet demands that the police “immediately stop illegal actions” against Black Sea sailors.
In June 2009, the chairman of the SBU, Valentin Nalyvaichenko, stated that FSB officers should leave the territory of Ukraine, citing that the protocol between the FSB and the SBU, signed on January 25, 2000, violates Ukrainian legislation. On December 10, 2009, it was reported that all military counterintelligence officers of the FSB of the Russian Federation who worked in Sevastopol for the Russian Black Sea Fleet left the territory of Ukraine, fulfilling the requirement of the SBU.
2010 2011
According to the decision of the Economic Court of Crimea dated August 2 of this year, the lighthouses of the Russian Black Sea Fleet were to be seized by Ukrainian bailiffs. In particular, bailiffs had to return to Ukraine two stations of the RS-10 radio navigation system located in Yevpatoria and on the territory of the Tarkhankut lighthouse; 6 lighthouses, 9 navigation signs and other equipment located along the Crimean coast were also subject to confiscation.
On August 21, activists of the youth organization “Student Brotherhood” began a civil action with the aim of intensifying the activities of the executive service to return the Crimean lighthouses to Ukraine: they entered the territory of the Sarych lighthouse, cut off the barbed wire and hung signs “Facility of the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine.” 8 people were detained by sailors of the Black Sea Fleet and handed over to the arriving Ukrainian police. On August 23, activists of the same youth organization set up pickets in Sevastopol near the Chersonesos lighthouse of the Black Sea Fleet, demanding its transfer to Ukraine. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine noted that they have a negative attitude towards attempts by representatives of public organizations to penetrate the territory of the Russian Black Sea Fleet in Crimea, since this could lead to tragic consequences.
On October 19, Russia and Ukraine were unable to sign an agreement on replacing the ships of the Russian Black Sea Fleet with new ones. The Ukrainian side put forward conditions under which Russia had to coordinate with it every step to replace ships, provide a full list of weapons for new ships, and conclude contracts for their maintenance with Ukrainian ship repair enterprises. The same applies to ground equipment, coastal systems, and aviation.
On March 6, the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, Anatoly Serdyukov, asked to take 440 apartments of the Russian Black Sea Fleet into the balance of Sevastopol. The reason was stated to be the high price of gas.
On April 20, the Russian side asked Ukraine to abolish $15,000,000 in taxes on cargo entering the country for the Russian Black Sea Fleet. At the same time, Russia promises to use the freed up funds to promote the socio-economic development of Sevastopol and other populated areas where the Russian Black Sea Fleet is stationed.
Fleet commanders
The commanders of the Russian Black Sea Fleet are listed here. For lists of commanders of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Empire and the Black Sea Fleet of the USSR Navy, see the relevant articles.
Current state
The roster of the Red Banner Black Sea Fleet (2011)
| Type | Name | Manufacturer | Airborne number | Bookmark date | Launching | Commissioning | State | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cruisers - 1 | ||||||||
| Project 1164 missile cruiser, Atlant type | "Moscow" | Plant named after 61 Communards (Nikolaev) | 121 | 05.11.1976 | 27.07.1979 | 30.12.1982 | In service. The flagship of the fleet. In 1991-1999 underwent a major overhaul and modernization. Re-equipped from the Basalt anti-ship missile system to the Vulcan anti-ship missile system 11th Anti-Submarine Ship Brigade Based in Sevastopol. Includes the flagship of the Black Sea Fleet, the guards missile cruiser "Moskva" (project 1164), two large anti-submarine ships of project 1134 "Kerch" and "Ochakov" (the latter is not in service) and patrol ships "Smetlivy" (project 61M), "Ladny" and “Inquisitive” (both - project 1135). 197th Landing Ship Brigade Based in Sevastopol. Includes large landing ships of Project 1171 Nikolai Filchenkov, Orsk (not in service) and Saratov, as well as Project 775 and 775M Azov, Novocherkassk, Caesar Kunikov and Yamal. 166th Division of Small Missile Ships Based in Sevastopol (Kurinaya Bay). It consists of Project 1239 Bora and Samum hovercraft, as well as Project 12341 Mirage and Shtil small missile ships. 295th Missile Boat Battalion Based in Sevastopol (Karantinnaya Bay). Includes missile boats R-71 (project 12411R), R-109, R-239, R-60 and R-334-Ivanovets (project 12411).247th separate submarine division Based in Sevastopol. Consists of two diesel submarines: B-871 "Alrosa" and B-380 "Saint Prince George" (the latter is under repair). 68th brigade of water area security ships 400th division of anti-submarine ships Based in Sevastopol. Includes four small anti-submarine ships: MPK-49 "Aleksandrovets" (project 1124), MPK-118 "Suzdalets" and MPK-134 "Muromets" (project 1124M), MPK-220 "Vladimirets" (project 11451). 418th minesweeper division Based in Sevastopol. Includes four Project 266M sea minesweepers: “Ivan Golubets”, “Vice Admiral Zhukov”, “Turbinist” and “Kovrovets”.422 separate division of hydrographic vessels of the State Black Sea Fleet Based in Sevastopol, b. South. Vessels pr.861 (GS "Cheleken"), 862/II (GS "Svor" and GS "Donuzlav"), 872/II (MSS "GS-402"), plus large and small hydrographic boats. The last commander of the division is captain 2nd rank Chizhov Dmitry Ivanovich. In February 2012, in connection with organizational measures carried out in the RF Armed Forces, 422 odngs ceased to exist. Instead, a group of ships was created, the group captain of which was Alexey Vasilyevich Pogrebnyakov - http://www.kvvmku.ru/forum/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&u=2087&sid=. In addition, the service department of OJSC "Slavyanka" kicked out of the building at Suvorov, 4. Now they huddle on Gogol, 37. Coastal troops of the Black Sea Fleet11th separate coastal missile and artillery brigade of the Russian Black Sea Fleet Based in Anapa. 810th Marine Brigade of the Russian Black Sea Fleet Based in Sevastopol. Based in Temryuk. 1096th separate anti-aircraft missile regiment of the Russian Black Sea Fleet Based in Sevastopol. 431st Naval Reconnaissance Station Based in Tuapse Naval Aviation Black Sea Fleet7057th mixed airbase of the Russian Black Sea Fleet Kacha airfield is based. Assault Squadron 7057 AvB Russian Black Sea Fleet The Gvardeyskoye airfield is based. Black Sea Fleet exercisesCombat operations of the Russian Black Sea FleetBasing of the Black Sea Fleet in UkraineRussia leases most of the quay walls of the port of Sevastopol for parking more than 30 warships and vessels. The headquarters of the Black Sea Fleet, a central communications center, a naval hospital, the 1096th anti-aircraft missile regiment, the 810th separate marine regiment, the 17th arsenal, and a yacht club are also based in Sevastopol. The total number of Black Sea Fleet in Crimea is about 14,000 people. In March 2005, Russian Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov stated that Sevastopol would remain the main naval base of the Russian Black Sea Fleet at least until 2017. Despite the construction of a naval base in Novorossiysk, there are no plans to transfer the Black Sea Fleet headquarters and naval personnel there. In 2010, the so-called Kharkov agreements were signed between Russia and Ukraine, according to which the basic agreement on the lease of ship bases in Sevastopol was extended until 2042 with the right to further extension for another 5 years. The lease of the naval base in Sevastopol costs Russia $98 million a year and is paid for by Russian gas supplies. Commissioning of new shipsMay 15, 2012 In Novorossiysk, a solemn ceremony of raising the naval flag on the special purpose boat “Grachonok” of project 21980 took place. 2011
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Notes
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Home system
Command
Story
Recent history
The most serious blow to the USSR Black Sea Fleet was the collapse of the USSR and the subsequent period of general political and economic confusion.
Chronicle of political confrontation
According to the leadership of the Russian Federation, the aggravation of relations between Ukraine and the Russian Federation was caused by the election in 2004 of the new President of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko, who, as the guarantor of the Constitution of Ukraine, is obliged to guarantee compliance with the requirements of part 7 of article 17 of the Constitution of Ukraine, which states that “the placement of foreign military bases,” as well as paragraph 14 of the Transitional Provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine, which states that “the use of existing military bases on the territory of Ukraine for the temporary stay of foreign military units is possible on lease terms in the manner determined by international treaties of Ukraine ratified by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.”
2005
The developments are reminiscent of a similar Russian-Ukrainian confrontation in 2003 over the Tuzla Spit in the Kerch Strait, when a dispute over an island with an area of 3 square meters. km almost escalated into a military clash. In December 2003, the “intervention” of the Russian President was required to resolve the Tuzla crisis jointly with the Ukrainian President.
Meanwhile, Russia is building new naval bases and Black Sea Fleet facilities on its own territory. On January 1, the implementation of a federal target program for the development of coastal infrastructure of the Navy in the Krasnodar Territory began. Construction of the Novorossiysk naval base will last until .
Representatives of Ukrainian nationalist organizations constantly picket Russian naval facilities in Crimea, demanding to “stop the occupation of Ukraine.”
2008
Fleet today
The roster of the Red Banner Black Sea Fleet (2009)
| Type | Name | Manufacturer | Airborne number | Bookmark date | Launching | Commissioning | State | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cruisers - 1 | ||||||||
| Project 1164 missile cruiser, Atlant type | "Moscow" | 121 | 05.11.1976 | 27.07.1979 | 30.12.1982 | In service. The flagship of the fleet. In 1991-1999 underwent a major overhaul and modernization. According to n.d. rearmed from the Basalt anti-ship missile system to the Vulcan anti-ship missile system Ex. "Glory". |
||
| Destroyers \BPK - 2 (1) | ||||||||
| Large anti-submarine ship pr. 1134B, Berkut-B type | "Ochakov" | Plant named after 61 Communards (Nikolaev) | 707 | 19.12.1969 | 30.04.1971 | 04.11.1973 | Since 1990, under repair and modernization. It was planned to completely replace weapons and electronics; according to some sources, it was intended to test the first domestic multifunctional combat information and control system "Alliance". At the end of 2008, as of today. work is frozen. The ship was removed from the plant's territory. |
|
| "Kerch" | Plant named after 61 Communards (Nikolaev) | 713 | 30.04.1971 | 21.07.1972 | 25.12.1974 | In service At the end of the 80s, radar weapons were modernized. In the mid-2000s, it underwent a medium(?) renovation and additional modernization(?). In the spring of 2007, after a long break, the “first line” ships were put into operation. In some Western sources it is classified as a "cruiser". |
||
| Large anti-submarine ship of project 61m, type "Komsomolets of Ukraine" | "Sharp-witted" | Plant named after 61 Communards (Nikolaev) | 713 | 15.07.1966 | 26.08.1967 | 25.09.1969 | In service Officially classified as a patrol ship (SKR) Modernized in 1990-95. on project 01090 - a new marine non-acoustic complex MNK-300, 8 anti-ship missile launchers X-35 “Uran”, additional radars, and jamming systems were installed. Despite its age, it is one of the most popular ships in the fleet. |
|
| Frigates - 2 | ||||||||
| Patrol ship pr. 1135-1135M | "Okay" | Shipyard "Zaliv" (Kerch) | 801 | 25.05.1979 | 07.05.1980 | 29.12.1980 | In service. | |
| "Inquisitive" | Shipyard "Yantar" (Kaliningrad) | 808 | 27.06.1979 | 16.04.1981 | 30.11.1981 | In service. Project 1135M. |
||
| Corvettes (MPK, MRK, DBK) - 16 | ||||||||
| 197th Landing Ship Brigade | ||||||||
| 152 | 1171 | Nikolay Filchenkov | BDK | in service | ||||
| 148 | 1171 | Orsk | BDK | It will be put into operation again in the near future after repairs at the Tuapse plant. | ||||
| 150 | 1171 | Saratov | BDK | in service | ||||
| 151 | 775M | Azov | BDK | in service | ||||
| 142 | Novocherkassk | BDK | in service | |||||
| 158 | Caesar Kunikov | BDK | in service | |||||
| 156 | Yamal | BDK | in service | |||||
| # | Project | Name | Class | Year | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 400 division of anti-submarine ships | |||||
| 059 | 1124 | Aleksandrovets | IPC | in service | |
| 071 | 1124M | Suzdalets | IPC | in service | |
| 064 | 1124M | Muromets | IPC | in service | |
| 060 | 11451 | Vladimirets | IPC | in service | |
| 418th minesweeper division | |||||
| 913 | Kovrovets | MTSH | in service | ||
| 911 | 266M | Ivan Golubets | MTSH | in service | |
| 912 | 266M | Turbinist | MTSH | in service | |
| 909 | 266M | Vice Admiral Zhukov | MTSH | in service | |
| # | Project | Name | Class | Year | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 166th Novorossiysk Division of Small Missile Ships | |||||
| 615 | 1239 | Bora | RKVP | in service | |
| 616 | 1239 | Simoom | RKVP | in service | |
| 620 | 12341 | Calm | RTO | in service | |
| 617 | 12341 | Mirage | RTO | in service | |
| 295th Sulina Missile Boat Division | |||||
| 966 | 2066 | R-44 | RKA | Cutting in Inkerman March 2009 | |
| 955 | 12411 | R-60 | RKA | Modernized in 2005-06. in service | |
| 953 | 12411 | R-239 | RKA | in service | |
| 952 | 12411 | R-109 | RKA | in service | |
| 962 | 12417 | R-71 | RKA | in service | |
| 954 | 12411M | R-334 Ivanovets | RKA | in service | |
| 47th support boat unit | |||||
| 1293 | KM-593 | KM | |||
| 1293 | KM-731 | KM | |||
| 1232V | KVM-332 | MCU | |||
| 1232V | KVM-702 | MCU | |||
| BUK-645 | BEECH | ||||
| # | Project | Name | Class | Year | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 053 | 1124M | Povorino | IPC | in service | |
| 054 | 1124M | Yeisk | IPC | in service | |
| 055 | 1124M | Kasimov | IPC | in service | |
| 901 | 12660 | Zheleznyakov | MTSH | in service | |
| 770 | 266ME | Valentin Pikul | MTSH | in service | |
| 426 | 1265 | Mineral water | BTSH | in service | |
| 438 | 1265 | Lieutenant Ilyin | BTSH | in service | |
| 1251 | RT-168 | ||||
| 12592 | RT-278 | ||||
| 506 | Dauria | 1968 | in service |
| # | Project | Name | Class | Year | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SSV-201 | 864 | Azov region | in service | ||
| 861M | Equator | in service | |||
| 861M | Kildin | in service | |||
| 861 | Liman | in service |
Black Sea Fleet exercises
- On November 4, 2007, in the waters of the south-eastern part of the Black Sea, in order to test combat readiness, training activities were held for diverse forces of the Black Sea Fleet. Russian authorities maintained that the exercises were planned. The large landing ships “Yamal”, “Tsezar Kunikov”, the patrol ship “Ladny”, and the rescue tug “Shakhter” took part in the exercises.