What is the homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses? Homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses - what is it? Examples of homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses in a complex sentence

In this chapter:

§1. Types of subordination in NGN with several subordinate clauses

There can be more than one in an NGN subordinate clause. In this case, it is important to understand how all the parts of a complex sentence are related to each other, what obeys what. Three types are possible:

1) consistent submission,
2) parallel subordination,
3) homogeneous subordination.

Consistent submission

With sequential subordination, a chain of sentences is formed: the first subordinate clause is subordinate to the main clause, the second subordinate clause is subordinate to the first subordinate clause, etc. With this type of subordination, each subordinate clause is the main one for the subsequent subordinate clause.

I'm afraid that Anna will be late for the exam, which is scheduled to start early in the morning.

Scheme: [...], (union What...), (conjunctive word which…).

At consistent subordination a subordinate clause related to the main clause is called a subordinate clause of the first degree, and the next subordinate clause is called a subordinate clause of the second degree, etc.

Parallel subordination

If one main clause includes subordinate clauses different types, then parallel subordination is formed. With this type of subordination, both subordinate clauses belong to the same main clause. It is important that these clauses are of different types and they answer different questions.

When the teacher came in, the kids stood up to greet her.

Scheme: (conjunctive word When…), [ … ], (union to …).

Homogeneous Subordination

If subordinate clauses are sentences of the same type and refer to the same member of the main sentence or the entire main sentence as a whole, then a homogeneous subordination is formed. With homogeneous subordination, subordinate clauses answer the same question.

I suddenly felt how the tension subsided and how light my soul became.

Scheme: [...], (union How...) and (union How …).

Subordinate explanatory clauses are similar to homogeneous members of the sentence; they are connected to each other by the conjunction And. Both subordinate clauses refer to the main clause of the sentence. There is no comma between them.

It is important that with homogeneous subordination, conjunctions or allied words can be omitted, which is typical for sentences with several subordinate clauses.

Test of strength

Find out your understanding of this chapter.

Final test

1. Is it true that an IPP can have more than one subordinate clause?

2. What is subordination called when the first subordinate clause is subordinated to the main clause, the second to the first, etc.?

   • consistent submission
   • homogeneous subordination
   • parallel subordination

3. What is subordination called when subordinate clauses of different types are attached to one main clause?

   • consistent submission
   • homogeneous subordination
   • parallel subordination

4. What is subordination called when subordinate clauses are sentences of the same type and refer to the same member of the main sentence or the entire main sentence as a whole?

   • consistent submission
   • homogeneous subordination
   • parallel subordination

5. When the performance ended, the children clapped so that the artists felt their gratitude.?

   • consistent submission
   • parallel subordination
   • homogeneous subordination

6. What is subordination in a sentence: I think that in the next episode the hero will save the girl he is in love with.?

   • consistent submission
   • parallel subordination
   • homogeneous subordination

7. What is subordination in a sentence: I heard the door slam and people talking in the hallway.?

   • consistent submission
   • parallel subordination
   • homogeneous subordination

8. What is subordination in a sentence: I think that my brother will be happy with my gift and that I made a very good choice.?

   • consistent submission
   • parallel subordination
   • homogeneous subordination

Complex sentence is a sentence with two or more predicative stems, and simple sentences as part of a complex they form a semantic and intonational whole.

Main types of complex sentences.

Complex sentences are divided into allied and non-unionized.

Conjunctive sentences, in turn, are divided into compound and complex sentences.

Thus, there are three main types of complex sentences:

compound, compound and non-union.

Compound sentences are:

Punctuation marks in complex sentences.

Note: Sometimes a dash is placed between parts of a complex sentence before the conjunction And if the sentence contains a sharp contrast or a rapid change of events.

Here the north, driving up the clouds, breathed, howled - and here comes the sorceress winter herself (A.S. Pushkin).

Complex sentence.

Features of SPP:

SPP structure:

Conjunctions and allied words in a complex sentence:

Complex sentence with several subordinate clauses.

According to the nature of the subordination of several subordinate clauses, they are divided into three types:
- subordinate clauses with homogeneous subordination;
- subordinate clauses with heterogeneous (parallel) subordination:
- subordinate clauses with sequential subordination.

NOTE: complex sentences with combined subordination are often found: homogeneous + parallel, homogeneous + sequential, sequential + parallel, etc. Therefore, when parsing the offer, be careful.

Punctuation marks in NGN.

Exercise. Among sentences 1-5, find a complex sentence with an explanatory clause. Write his number.

(1) As a child, I hated matinees because my father came to our kindergarten. (2) He sat on a chair near the Christmas tree, played his button accordion for a long time, trying to find the right melody, and our teacher sternly told him: “Valery Petrovich, move up!” (3) All the guys looked at my father and choked with laughter. (4) He was small, plump, began to go bald early, and although he never drank, for some reason his nose was always beet red, like a clown’s. (5) Children, when they wanted to say about someone that he was funny and ugly, said this: “He looks like Ksyushka’s dad!”

Let's highlight the basics: (1) As a child, I hated matinees because my father came to our kindergarten. (2) He sat on a chair near the Christmas tree, played his button accordion for a long time, trying to find the right melody, and our teacher sternly told him: “Valery Petrovich, move up!” (3) All the guys looked at my father and choked with laughter. (4) He was small, plump, began to go bald early, and although he never drank, for some reason his nose was always beet red, like a clown’s. (5) Children, when they wanted to say about someone that he was funny and ugly, said this: “He looks like Ksyushka’s dad!”

Proposition No. 3 is simple. Let's exclude him. We determine the boundaries of the sentences and see how the bases are connected: (1) [As a child, I hated matinees] (because my father came to our kindergarten). (2) [He sat on a chair near the Christmas tree, played his button accordion for a long time, trying to find the right melody], and [our teacher sternly told him]: “Valery Petrovich, move up!” (4) [He was small, plump, began to go bald early], and, (although he never drank), [for some reason his nose was always beet red, like a clown]. (5) [Children (when they wanted to say about someone) (that he was funny and ugly), they said this]: “He looks like Ksyushka’s dad!” The first sentence is a complex sentence with a subordinate clause (why did I hate matinees? Because my father came). The second sentence is a compound sentence with direct speech. The fourth sentence is complex with a coordinating connection (conjunction and) and a subordinating connection (clause although...). The fifth sentence is a complex sentence with two subordinate clauses and direct speech. The first subordinate clause is time (the children said when? when they wanted to talk about someone); the second subordinate clause is explanatory (they wanted to say something about someone? that he is funny and ugly). Thus, the correct answer is sentence #5.

Among sentences 1 - 9, find a complex sentence that contains a subordinate clause. Write the number of this offer.

(1) It is not difficult to imagine what was going on at that moment in the soul of the commander: he, who had taken upon himself the unbearable burden of a shameful retreat, was deprived of the glory of a victorious battle. (2) ...Barclay's traveling carriage stopped at one of the postal stations near Vladimir. (3) He headed towards the stationmaster’s house, but his path was blocked by a huge crowd. (4) Insulting shouts and threats were heard. (5) Barclay’s adjutant had to draw his saber to pave the way to the carriage. (6) What consoled the old soldier, upon whom the unjust anger of the crowd fell? (7) Perhaps faith in the correctness of one’s decision: it is this faith that gives a person the strength to go to the end, even if he has to alone. (8) And perhaps Barclay was consoled by hope. (9) The hope that someday dispassionate time will reward everyone according to their deserts and the fair court of history will certainly acquit the old warrior who gloomily rides in a carriage past a roaring crowd and swallows bitter tears.

Among sentences 1 - 10, find a complex sentence that includes subordinate clause(s). Write the number(s) for this sentence.

(1) No matter how hard I tried, I could not imagine that there once were houses here, noisy children running, apple trees growing, women drying clothes... (2) No sign of the former life! (3) Nothing! (4) Only the sad feather grass mournfully swayed its stems and the dying river barely moved among the reeds... (5) I suddenly felt scared, as if the earth had become exposed beneath me and I found myself on the edge of a bottomless abyss. (6) It can’t be! (7) Does man really have nothing to oppose to this dull, indifferent eternity? (8) In the evening I cooked fish soup. (9) Mishka was throwing wood on the fire and reaching into the pot with his cyclopean spoon to take a sample. (10) Shadows moved timidly next to us, and it seemed to me that people who had once lived here timidly came here from the past to warm themselves by the fire and talk about their lives.

Among sentences 1 - 11, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) An old man in a naval uniform was sitting on the river bank. (2) The last pre-autumn dragonflies fluttered over him, some sat on worn epaulettes, breathed and fluttered when the man occasionally moved. (3) He felt stuffy, he relaxed his long-unbuttoned collar with his hand and froze, peering with teary eyes into the palms of the small waves patting the river. (4) What did he see now in this shallow water? (5) What was he thinking about? (6) Until recently, he still knew that he had won great victories, that he had managed to break free from the captivity of old theories and discovered new laws sea ​​battle that he created more than one invincible squadron, trained many glorious commanders and crews of warships.

Education

Homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses - what is it? Examples of homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses in a complex sentence

Complex sentences with subordinate elements are divided into several groups. There are three of them in total. In speech, there may be a complex expression with a homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses, heterogeneous (parallel) and sequential. Further in the article we will consider the features of one of these categories. What is a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses?

General information

Homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses (examples of such constructions will be given below) is an expression in which each part refers to the main element or to a specific word in it. The latter option occurs if the additional component distributes only a certain part of the main one. Sentences with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses have a number of features. Thus, the spreading elements are of the same type, that is, they answer the same question. They are usually connected to each other by coordinating conjunctions. If they have an enumeration value, then the connection is unionless, just like homogeneous members. This, in general, is what homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses means.

Communication in context

1. The quiet boys looked after the car /1 until it drove away beyond the intersection /2, until the dust it raised dissipated /3, until it itself turned into a ball of dust /4.

This sentence is complex. It consists of four simple ones. The first of them is the main thing, the subsequent ones are subordinate tenses, which all relate to the main thing. Each one answers the same question: until when? The main conjunction “while” connects all additional elements. Thus, we have a homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.

2. Dad told me /1 that he had never seen such bread /2 and /that the current harvest is very good/3.

This sentence is complex. It consists of three simple ones. The very first of them is the main thing, the subsequent ones are subordinate or additional. They all refer to the single predicate “said.” It is expressed by the verb in the first sentence. You can ask them one question - “what?” Each subordinate clause is associated with the conjunction “what,” which is the main one. They are connected to each other by the connecting conjunction “and”. It follows from this that the construction of the expression used homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.

3. The main conjunction connecting additional elements may be omitted in some cases, but it is easy to restore.

For example: The man watched /1 as the boat returned to the steamer /2 and / the sailors for a very long time, pushing each other, pulled it on the hoists /3. — The man watched /1 as the boat returned to the ship /2 and / as the sailors for a very long time, pushing each other, pulled it on the hoists /3.

Punctuation marks

1.If connecting or separation union(“yes”, “and” with the meaning “or”, “and”, “or”) connects homogeneous subordinate clauses, then a comma is not placed between them:

Dad told me that he had never seen such bread and that this year there was a very good harvest.

He seriously stated that we had to leave his house immediately or he would call the police.

2. A comma is placed between subordinate clauses of the same type if coordinating conjunctions are repeated.

Once in the hospital, he recalled how they were suddenly attacked by the Nazis, and how everyone was surrounded, and how the detachment managed to get to their own.

3. If the conjunctions “whether... or” are used as repeating constructions (in the example it can be changed to whether), the homogeneous clauses associated with them are separated by a comma.

It was impossible to tell whether it was a fire or whether the moon was beginning to rise. - It was impossible to understand whether it was a fire, whether the moon was beginning to rise.

Structures with combined connection

A sentence with numerous homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses is found in several variants. Thus, parallel and serial connections are possible together, for example. For this reason, when carrying out analysis, there is no need to immediately draw up a general outline or rush to place punctuation marks.

Context Analysis

Homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses is analyzed according to a certain scheme.

1. When highlighting grammatical basics, count the number of simple elements included in the structure.

2. Designate all subordinating conjunctions and allied words and, based on this, establish subordinate clauses and the main clause.

3. Main element is defined for all additional ones. As a result, pairs are formed: main-subordinate.

4. Based on the construction of a vertical diagram of a complex sentence, the nature of the subordination of subordinate constructions is determined. It can be parallel, sequential, homogeneous, or combined.

5. A horizontal diagram is constructed, based on which punctuation marks are placed.

Analysis of the proposal

Example: The dispute is that if your king is here for three days, then you are unconditionally obliged to carry out what I tell you, and if he does not stay, then I will carry out any order that you give me.

1. This complex sentence contains seven simple ones: The dispute is /1 that /2 if your king will be here for three days /3 then you are unconditionally obliged to carry out what /2 what I tell you /4 and / if he does not stay /5 then I will carry out any order /6 that you give me /7.

1) the dispute is;

2) if your king will be here for three days;

3) something... you are unconditionally obliged to do that;

4) what will I tell you;

5) if he doesn’t stay;

6) then any order will be carried out by me;

7) which you will give me.

2. The main clause is the first (the dispute is that), the rest are subordinate clauses. Only the sixth sentence raises the question (then I will carry out any order).

3. This complex sentence is divided into the following pairs:

1->2: the dispute is that... then you are unconditionally obliged to do this;

2->3: you are unconditionally obliged to do this if your king is here for three days;

2->4: you are unconditionally obliged to do what I tell you;

6->5: I will carry out any order if it does not remain;

6->7: I will carry out any order you give me.

Possible difficulties

In the example given, it is somewhat difficult to understand what type of sixth sentence it is. In this situation, you need to look at the coordinating conjunction “a”. IN complex sentence it, unlike the subordinating connective element, may not be located next to the sentence related to it. Based on this, it is necessary to understand what simple elements this union connects. For this purpose, only sentences containing oppositions are left, and the rest are removed. Such parts are 2 and 6. But since sentence 2 refers to subordinate clauses, then 6 must also be like that, since it is connected with 2 by a coordinating conjunction. It's easy to check. It is enough to insert a conjunction that has a sentence of 2 and connect it with 6 with the main one related to 2. Example: The dispute is that any order will be carried out by me. Based on this, we can say that in both cases there is a homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses, only in 6 the conjunction “what” is omitted.

Conclusion

It turns out that this sentence is complex with homogeneously related subordinate clauses (2 and 6 sentences), in parallel (3-4, 5-7) and sequentially (2-3, 2-4, 6-5, 6-7). To place punctuation marks, you need to determine the boundaries of simple elements. In this case, the possible combination of several unions at the border of proposals is taken into account.

Lesson type: lesson in learning new knowledge

Goals and objectives of the lesson:

give an idea of ​​the types of SPP

introduce the terms homogeneous, sequential, parallel subordination;

teach how to build IPS diagrams with several subordinate clauses;

introduce students to the features of punctuation in NGN with several subordinate clauses

Equipment: notebook, textbook, tests

Lesson type: lesson in learning new knowledge

Handout: test

Lesson progress

Organizational moment, motivation

Target. Emotional mood for the lesson. Awareness of the importance of this lesson, its outcome, motivation for the final certification.

The bell rang and we were all ready for class again.
And we have order everywhere: in our heads and on the table.
We will open all the notebooks, we will take the pens in our hands.
And with a good mood, we will begin the lesson now.

Hello guys! Today in class we will continue working on complex sentences.

II. Updating previous knowledge

Teacher's word. Today in the lesson we will review the main groups of syntax according to their meaning, remember the differences between a conjunction and a conjunction word and get acquainted with new complex syntactic constructions. But we will formulate the topic of our lesson with you a little later, and we will begin the lesson with a lexical warm-up.

Lexical warm-up

What are paronyms?

Paronyms - words of the same root, similar in sound, but different in meaning.

Define paronyms: addressee - addressee, ignoramus - ignorant, typo - unsubscribe

Destination– the one to whom a letter, telegram, parcel, etc. is addressed.

Addressee- the one who wrote the letter, telegram, parcel, etc.

Ignorant- a rude, ill-mannered person.

Ignorant- a poorly educated person.

Misprint– an absent-minded error in a written text.

Unsubscribe- a meaningless, formal answer to something that does not affect the essence of the matter.

Test work

In which row is the same letter missing in all words?

sovereign, lock up, r_tual

p_simism, kill_speech, bring melancholy

wash_chit, reflection, accompaniment

silent, philosophical, insensitive

In which row in both words is the letter A (Z) written in place of the gap?

they look good; addressee of the letter

waving flags; they often go to concerts

hearing blows; tourists buy provisions

snowflakes ta_t; occupied the field

In which row are all words written with a hyphen?

(long)player, (half)watermelon, (chef)cook

(little) little by little, (some) who, (north)western

(yellow) red, (floor) at home, (somewhere)

(after all), (car) repair, (fruit) berry

KEY: 2,3,2

Frontal conversation

What groups are complex sentences divided into according to their meaning?

How to distinguish a conjunction from an allied word?

III.Explanation of new material.

Teacher's word. Before today's lesson, we talked about IPS, consisting of one main and one subordinate part. This form is the most typical for SPP, the most common in oral and writing.

However, in the Russian language, especially in writing styles and in language fiction, often there are sentences that are more complex in form, consisting of several parts. Today we are starting to get acquainted with such proposals. So, the topic of our lesson today

Topic: Types subordinating connection in SPP: homogeneous subordination, sequential subordination, parallel subordination.

Place punctuation marks,

Victor asked to be a miner because he heard that this was the most honorable profession in the mine.

SPP with subordinate reasons and explanatory

Such proposals are calledSPP with SERIAL SUBMISSION:
the first subordinate clause refers to the main clause (subordinate clausefirst degree), the second - to this subordinate clause (subordinate clausesecond degree), etc.

Main offer

Subordinate clause of the 1st degree

Subordinate clause of the 2nd degree

Working with the textbook: reading the rules

So, what conjunctions may be nearby when subordinate clauses are sequentially subordinated?

What if, what although, what when, since although, since if, etc..

When is a comma placed between them?

Comma is put, if after the subordinate clauseNo THAT or SO

Punctuation marks when combining conjunctions

She told him that if he was sick, he needed to be treated.

She told him thato e if he is sick, That need treatment

Place punctuation marks,determine the type of subordinate clauses, draw up a sentence diagram

When we arrived, my father showed me the perch and carp that he had caught without me.

(When...), , (which...).

NGN with attributive and tense clauses

Such proposals are called SPP with PARALLEL SUBMISSION:
subordinate clauses relate to one common main clause and are different in meaning.

Place punctuation marks,determine the type of subordinate clauses, draw up a sentence diagram

I woke up when the sun had not yet risen, when nature was enveloped in pre-dawn sleep.

NGN with clauses of time

Such proposals are called SPP with HOMOGENEOUS SUBMISSION:
subordinate clauses relate to one common main clause and are identical in meaning - homogeneous

With homogeneous subordination in the second (and following) subordinate clauses subordinating conjunction may be omitted:

We went hiking when the rain stopped, the sun came out, and the birds began to sing.

, (When…), (…), (…).

We went hiking when the rain stopped When the sun came out When the birds began to sing.

, (when...), (when...), (when...).

Homogeneous subordinate clauses can have coordinating conjunctions, preceded by a comma in the same way as with homogeneous clauses:

You could hear the gardener walking in the garden And how his car creaked.

Sonechka wrote that the mood was heavy, But so he doesn't have to worry about them.

He's irritable And when healthy And when sick.

Place punctuation marks, make diagrams

I had to see how the lilac leaves unfurl and how it produces bluish clusters of future flowers.

We will flinch if a bird suddenly flies up or a moose trumpets in the distance.

IV. Consolidation.

Construct sentences according to schemes, determine the type of subordination

1. , (how...), (how...), (how...).

I remember well how we walked along the path, how brightly the sun shone, how I found a mushroom place. (Homogeneous submission)

2. , (when...), (to...).

It was already completely dark when we reached the camp to spend the night there. (Sequential submission)

3. (When...), , (...which...).

When I got thirsty, I bent down to the stream, in the waters of which I saw fish frolicking. (Parallel subordination)

V. Summing up the lesson. Frontal conversation.

What main types of SPPs with two or more subordinate clauses do you know?

What is the difference between homogeneous and parallel subordination?

Tell us about the features of punctuation at the “junction” of conjunctions with the sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.

- Homogeneous subordinate clauses can have coordinating conjunctions. How are punctuation marks used in this case?

VI. Reflection.

Write a syncwine dedicated to the topic of our lesson today.

Synquain structure

Line 1 – heading, which contains the theme of the syncwine, keyword or concept expressed by a noun;

Line 2 – two adjectives;

Line 3 – three verbs;

Line 4 – a phrase that carries a semantic load;

Line 5 – conclusion expressed by a single noun.

SINQUAINES

Offer

Complex, unusual

I'm interested, I remember, I remember

I like to learn something new

Russian, interesting

Read, write, study

I liked it

Exams

Information

New, interesting

Find out, get to know each other, work

Today I learned a lot of new things

Complex, extensive

I understand, I remember, I apply

There were a lot of new rules in class today

Punctuation

Peculiar, complex

I think, I remember, I reason

To put commas correctly, you need to learn the rules

Subordination

Serial, parallel, homogeneous

I reason, I search, I highlight

I like working with diagrams

Examples of syncwines written by students

VII. Homework.

Write an essay-reasoning “What do I know about SPP?”

Literature

Egorova N.V. Lesson developments in the Russian language: 9th grade - M.: VAKO, 2008

Russian language: 10 real versions of tasks for preparing for the Unified State Exam-2006 t-M.: Federal Center testing, 2006

Russian language: Textbook. For 9th grade. general education Institutions/ S.G. Barkhudarov, S.E. Kryuchkov, L.Yu. Maksimov and others - 26th ed., revised. – M.: Education, 2004

Modern Russian language. Textbook for pedagogical students Institute for specialties No. 2101 “Russian language. and lit.” At 3. Part 3. Syntax. Punctuation/V.V. Babaytseva, L.Yu. Maksimov. – 2nd ed., revised. – M.: Education, 1978

An IPP is a sentence whose parts are connected by subordinating conjunctions.
Subordinating conjunctions- what, because, if, although, so that, how, when, in order to, since and many others.

SPP with homogeneous subordination

A sentence in which all subordinate clauses belong to the same main part and answer the same questions (therefore they are clauses of the same type)

Examples:

• I set off when everyone was already asleep and when it became cool
• I set off when everyone was already asleep and it was cool

I set off - > when? (when everyone was asleep and when it became cold)

Note: In Russian, the same word does not need to be repeated, so example 1 and example 2 are the same sentences.

IPS with sequential subordination

In this type of SPP, simple sentences form a kind of chain: From the main sentence we ask the question of the 2nd subordinate clause, from the second we ask the question of the 3rd.

In the following examples, questions to the next subordinate clause will be placed in brackets.

Examples:

• And Nikolai went to work (why?) so that no one would say that he didn’t like his job (which one?), which he really didn’t like.

The SPP with a comma at the junction of 2 conjunctions has a sequential subordination.

Examples:

• He said that when father comes, we will go to the park. (The proposal is discussed below.)

Analysis: He said (what?) -> let's go to the park (when?) -> when father comes.

SPP with parallel subordination

This type of SPP has such subordinate clauses that
a) They receive questions from one main part, but these questions are different (hence the subordinate clauses will be of different types.)
b) They are subordinate clauses of the same type, they receive the same questions, but related to different words(this applies to subordinate clauses.)

Examples:

• a) Although you don’t deserve it, I’ll give you an A if you do well on the test.
• b) I love looking at the sea, which brings inspiration, and the sky, which has no clouds. (questions are asked from different nouns in the main one.)

There is always a subordinating conjunction within a subordinate clause.

Example: Andrey did not remember where he put the diary. (about what?)

From the main clause to the subordinate clause we always give a question. The subordinate clause is always separated from the main clause by commas.

Results

1. There is always a subordinating conjunction inside the subordinate clause.
2. From the main part we ask a subordinate question.
3. The subordinate clause is always separated from the main clause by commas.