Should there be many good people? A good person should have a lot of desire to be significant and big, to have weight in society.

The disease “obesity” has psychological preconditions. Nowadays this idea is banal and obvious.

However, half a century ago such a statement would have caused considerable resistance from both professionals and patients.

A course I took in psychosomatics in the 1980s. at the Faculty of Psychology of Moscow State University, did not even touch on the topic “Psychological prerequisites for obesity” - so in demand today.

Currently, there are many approaches to the study and correction of the psychological preconditions of obesity. I will try to outline the main ones that representatives of almost all directions agree with.

Thus, among the psychological factors that lead to obesity, psychologists most often note low self-esteem, weak self-control, and low resistance to stress.

Borderline factors such as obsessive-compulsive and anxiety-depressive states, which have a huge impact on the risk of obesity, will most likely require the involvement of mental health professionals in the treatment.

LOW SELF-ESTEEM

How to determine

The person even apologizes for asking an extra question. He sits down awkwardly, as if afraid to take up extra space. In response to a compliment, he says: “Oh, I just washed my hair today.”

Sometimes low self-esteem manifests itself paradoxically - a person behaves defiantly, as if trying the world: "Is that allowed?". At the same time, one can determine that his self-esteem and confidence are low by the fact that he behaves completely differently with the “strong” and “weak” of this world and is instantly “blown away” when he receives a rebuff.

How to influence

Celebrate his progress in treatment. At the same time, focus not on praise (“well done, you’re trying”), but on objective facts (“today your weight is X less, your Y indicator has changed”). The fact is that praise can make a patient with low self-esteem feel awkward or doubtful, and he may begin to apologize and make excuses. And objective information will act beyond his “complexes” and strengthen his Adult position.

Help him build his confidence and focus on success. You can use “coaching” questions for this. Coaching questions and a coaching conversation enable the patient to come to the necessary decisions and conclusions and take responsibility. This approach also strengthens self-control, which we will discuss further.

WEAK SELF-CONTROL

How to determine

In the journal “Practical Dietetics”, No. 1(9) in the article “Responsibility for Health” we discussed the issue of self-control (you can purchase a printed version of the magazine with this material in the online store www.argumentkniga.ru, and also read the publication available on the publication’s website www..ed.). There you can again look at the test to measure the level of control in the field of health.

Define low level subjective control in a patient without a test is possible by the way he talks about himself and others, about achievements and failures.

His typical phrases:

• If they hadn't stopped me, I would have done it.
• How can I not eat if they buy delicious things all the time?
• I was just lucky.

How to influence

First, you can help the patient identify and feel his area of ​​responsibility. You can also use the “coaching” questions given earlier for this.

Secondly, let us remember the stereotypes of patients regarding health, which we discussed in magazine No. 4 (8) in the article “Stereotypes of patients.” There are two stereotypes that are especially evident and hinder treatment with poor self-control in patients with a tendency toward obesity: reactivity (“If you can’t, then you really want to”) and delay feedback(“Then I’ll feel bad, but that’s later.”)

Let us briefly recall:

1. Reactivity (“If you can’t, then you really want to”).

Reactivity is especially evident during prohibitions. Therefore, it is better to shift the emphasis from prohibiting harmful things to promoting useful things. For example, instead of the phrase “You can’t eat sweets,” it’s better to say: “Eat sweets after protein foods. If during meals you eat the amount of protein your body needs, then you will not have the desire to eat a lot of sweets.”

2. Delayed feedback (“Later I will feel bad, but that’s later”).

The feedback delay is that forbidden goodies bring tangible pleasure right now, but harm is not at all obvious (no one gains critical weight the next day after eating a huge cake). At the same time, the recommended beneficial actions require effort right now, and the valuable benefits will bear in the uncertain future.

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ROLE OF THE FAMILY

“The first study of the role of the family in the development and maintenance of overeating and obesity was conducted by Leann L. Birch in 1987. According to the author, food is often used by parents to reinforce desirable or undesirable behavior in children. Parents rewarding their children with sweets increases the attractiveness of sweets in general. Specific interactions between parents and children also explain other forms of learned behavior, for example, such as “always finish eating,” note the authors of a review of research on family psychological aspects of the problem of obesity, published in the scientific and practical journal “Practical Medicine. Neurology. Psychiatry" dated April 23, 2012.

Therefore, it is necessary to bring feedback closer.

Explain how the consequences of violating the recommendations of a nutritionist manifest themselves (almost imperceptibly so far) and how compliance with the recommendations has a positive effect. And measure, measure, measure: centimeters on the waist and hips, body mass index, etc. This is the only way to make sure that in the patient’s mind, instead of a distant vague goal, a clear path appears with marks that he sees every day.

LOW STRESS RESISTANCE

How to determine

The manifestations of both the current state of stress and general low stress resistance can be very different. We discussed them in part in articles on stress in previous issues of the magazine.

Among the external manifestations there can be both physiological (for example, vegetative-vascular) and psychological.

Thus, patients stuck in the Parent position are significantly susceptible to stress. You will notice them by the fact that they always know how things should be and constantly evaluate everyone and everything. They experience excessive stress due to the fact that they “know and can do everything,” so they accumulate a huge number of tasks and responsibilities, which they then fail to cope with. In addition, they are full of rigid expectations. The gap between these expectations and reality brings additional suffering.

How to influence

Correcting a patient’s low stress resistance requires special psychocorrectional work. During his communication with such patients, the nutritionist can soften his stuckness in the Parent position and lead the interlocutor to the Adult position.

To do this, in magazine No. 1 (5) in the article. Communication tool. We practiced the technique of asking questions—open, neutral questions about a fact. For example, “What was the highest blood pressure you had?”, “In what year did your weight reach 100 kg?”

GROW MODEL

One of the most common coaching techniques is the GROW model. This model, proposed by J. Whitmore, is based on a certain sequence of asking effective questions. J. Whitmore considers it fundamentally important to start with defining a goal, and not with an analysis of the existing situation, which can become an obstacle to setting a goal.

Based on materials from the book High Performance Coaching by John Whitmore, published in 1992.

Nutritionist's word

So, we have discussed with you such factors as low self-esteem, poor self-control and low stress resistance. You can use techniques to identify these factors and recommendations for exposure. Because the word of a nutritionist working with an obese patient has not only an informational, but also a psychotherapeutic effect, which, according to modern ideas, is absolutely necessary for the patient.

God, why?! – Ted groaned painfully, dissatisfiedly picking up another piece of Brussels sprouts from the plate with his fork. - Cabbage is healthy, it contains a lot of vitamin C and almost no calories! - Veniamin defended the vegetable, although he himself, however, did not express a desire to stand in line for the healthy product. - When will we get the normal menu back? – the pilot did not let up. “I have a slice of grapefruit for breakfast, cabbage for lunch, and I don’t even want to think about dinner.” It simply doesn't exist! When will the extra kilos disappear from the sides and... ahem... somewhere else... Polina and we will be able to eat normally?! For me, it suits her anyway... *** Two weeks earlier. A heart-breaking cry came from the biologist's cabin. Then something fell to the floor with a rattling sound. - Fifty eight! My God! Even elephants don't weigh that much! “If you’re talking about tons, then yes, they don’t weigh,” the cyborg carefully informed his friend, looking into her cabin. – And if we talk about kilograms, then this is the weight of a newborn elephant... – I don’t intend to joke here! All! I am losing weight! - Lose weight, please, who forbids you? – Theodore climbed in with an impudent look. – Should I say that today there is one less serving of dessert? - What's for dessert? - I won’t tell you, you won’t have it anyway! – Ted chuckled, glancing meaningfully at the shelf with a box of chocolates. Catching the direction of his gaze, Polina decisively grabbed the box from the shelf and thrust it into the hands of the cyborg, who was a little taken aback by such generosity. - Here! All! And I don't need dessert! And I won’t eat at all! Theodore carefully closed the cabin door and looked back with a blank look at Dan, still standing with the box in his hands. - And what came over her anyway? – the pilot asked in bewilderment. - And in general, she’s not that fat... And when the three of us couldn’t fit on the sofa, it was Dan’s fault. - Why me? – the cyborg was indignant. - Mmmm... Well... You took a pack of chips with you, so it took up space! - I held her on my knees. - And what? I still occupied it! *** For several days after this conversation, Polina walked around irritated and ate very little. Hungrily watching Dan eat condensed milk and chips, and Ted feast on meat or drink beer (terribly high in calories!), she became more and more gloomy. “Don’t be sad, friend,” Ted said carelessly, throwing a cookie into his mouth, “there should be a lot of good people!” And in general, I weigh twenty-five kilograms more than you and that suits me! - You have half of that muscle, and you are two heads taller than me! - And what? – Ted asked smugly. - That this conversation is just a waste of time! The cabin door slammed. The pilot was left to finish the cookies with an absolutely innocent look. The situation was different with Dan. He didn’t understand at all: a) why Polina was so concerned about her body weight; b) why does Ted not care at all that Polina cares what her body weight is. - She's a girl! - Ted explained to his friend, - well... she wants to be beautiful and thinks that for this she needs to lose weight. - Why is she angry with me? - Yes, she’s angry at everyone, she’s just hungry! By the way, that box that she gave you... Have you already eaten all the chocolate? - No. I'm going to give it back to her when she loses weight. - So, never. Give it to me, will you? - Can i? “It’s my own fault that I gave it away,” Theodore laughed, taking the box. – If anything, you can buy chocolates almost everywhere! *** By the way, it was now almost impossible to go to the gym. On one of the sports equipment, a puffing Polina was always found. Dan was puzzled. Polina, who used to be such a good friend, turned into a vixen obsessed with losing weight. She even made him plan the route so that they would only land at stations that had a fitness club! All this had such an impact on the ship’s crew that after a week of torment, the captain decided to talk to Polina. - Polina, you understand... This is harmful for your body. You're young, you need to eat well! Venya believes that you are only undermining your health. - I'm correcting him! I'm losing extra pounds! Are they harmful to health? Harmful! And Veniamin Ignatievich will also confirm this! Let's call him! A few minutes later the doctor was already in the captain's cabin. - Polina, I fully approve of your initiative! – Benjamin began enthusiastically. “Of course, you shouldn’t leave things to chance.” I can make a menu for you. And it wouldn’t hurt for you, Stasik, to lose a couple of extra pounds... - What? – the captain choked. - Then you too! Look what a belly he's eaten! - I got a great idea! - Polina intervened. - Let's all lose weight! Otherwise, I’m bored by myself... And we’ll force Ted to do it! He laughs at me all the time! “Theodore eats a lot of fatty foods, I think it won’t hurt him,” the captain grinned. *** As a result, everyone on the ship began to lose weight, except for Dan (he could already control his metabolism) and Mikhalych, who hardly ate anyway, being in the engine room all the time. Polina enthusiastically promoted the diet. They came to an agreement with Masha (“a woman with a woman always mutual language will find it!” - said Theodore), and now, if there was a rustle in the cabin from a chocolate wrapper, a candy wrapper, or the crack of a beer can lid, Masha would turn on an old-fashioned air raid alarm (as in the twenty-first century) and an enraged Polina would come to the sound. She caught Ted in the act a total of fourteen times, and he sighed and went to eat his salad. Or cabbage. The menu was varied. After much persuasion, without ever winning Dan over to her side, Polina, reluctantly, allowed Masha not to control his cabin. Taking condensed milk from Dan was somehow awkward, especially since the cyborg required much more energy than a human. Dan's cabin was now something of a safe mess. Ted would come there with a bag of chips, and if Polina happened to pass by, he would hastily shove the chips at Dan, and there was nothing to complain about. But I still had to give up beer. Cyborg didn't like him. Ignoring Theodore, the captain and doctor followed the diet. They went to the gym, ate healthy food and encouraged Polina with just their zeal. However, it gradually began to disappear. *** On the fifteenth day, Benjamin stepped into Dan’s rescue cabin with a bag of chips, hamburgers and other fast food. To the cyborg’s silent bewilderment, he whispered, “Don’t give me up to HER!” and started eating, treating Dan to a hamburger. On the eighteenth day, Theodore and Benjamin collided in the cyborg's cabin. Taking a philosophical approach to the problem, they divided the food among themselves and began to come to Dan together. On the twenty-fifth day, the captain, unable to bear it, ran into Dan’s cabin. Taking out from under his shirt a cake that he had secretly bought at the last station, he turned around and stared in surprise at the friendly group sitting on the sofa and eating chips. Dan looked with emotion at his hungry friends, melancholy tormenting the cookie. - Welcome, captain! - Ted shouted, cheerfully throwing the chip up into the air and catching it in his mouth. *** Since then, the company began to gather regularly on their island of freedom. Polina, who noticed that her friends not only did not lose weight, but also gained weight, began to suspect something. And she put the team under surveillance. On the thirtieth day, she finally figured out what was going on. Getting ready to triumphantly solve the crime, she, having waited for the next gobble, opened the door to the cabin and... froze in place. The cabin smelled deliciously of food. Normal food that the poor girl hadn't seen in over a month. She simply did not notice her friends, frozen with their mouths full. Polina's attention was completely and completely captured by SHE. Chocolate with nuts. She was lying on a chair, so tasty, so alluring... - Oh, to hell with everything! – the biologist shouted and sank her teeth into the chocolate bar. Dan and Ted looked at each other, and the pilot upsetly handed the redhead a can of condensed milk. - I told you that two months would not pass! – Dan remarked contentedly.

Good man there must be a lot

1) about a complete b--ke;

2) about good shit.

Live speech. Dictionary of colloquial expressions. - M.: PAIMS. V.P. Belyanin, I.A. Butenko. 1994 .

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WHO IS HAPPY AND WHO IS DEPRESSED

It is not for nothing that the proverb “There must be many good people” was born. Observant people have long noticed that fat people are, as a rule, the life of the party. Cheerful, cheerful, kind. And now these character traits have been confirmed by genetic tests.

“Fat people are less likely than thin people to feel sad and mopey,” says study leader Professor David Mair from McMaster University (Canada).

He and his colleagues analyzed 17,200 DNA samples taken from study participants in 21 countries. And they found that the so-called FTO obesity gene, which is responsible for the development of obesity, is also a “happiness gene” - it reduces the risk of developing depression by 8 percent.

Special tests and surveys have shown that people with the FTO gene are more optimistic than their skinny peers.

By the way, maybe people gain weight because of their kindness. This paradoxical hypothesis was put forward by scientists from the National Institute of Aging (USA). For almost 50 years, they scrupulously collected information about two thousand earthlings. They studied their character, habits, inclinations, and at the same time weight fluctuations. And an amazing fact emerged: a person’s character influenced his figure.

So, it turned out that extroverts certainly gain excess weight. Volunteers who were highly emotional, open, and friendly weighed on average 10 kg more than introverts - closed, non-impulsive people. However, the reason for this phenomenon is not yet clear.

HIPS – A STORE OF INTELLIGENCE

Large breasts, thin waist, wide hips attract men's gaze. And, as a rule, they are in demand among true connoisseurs female beauty. But, as it turned out recently, it’s not just about the external effect. And it’s not that a woman with more pronounced forms is better able to bear children, as was previously believed.

Scientists from the University of California at Santa Barbara and the University of Pittsburgh, having examined and tested 16 thousand volunteers, came to the conclusion: the intellectual abilities of curvy women are much higher than those of thin women. Moreover, their children are born smarter.

“Women's thighs contain omega-3 fatty acids, which promote brain development first in the mother and then in the child,” says one of the researchers, Stephen Galin. – Men respond because it is important for reproduction.

However, scientists emphasize that fat on the thighs contributes to increased intelligence. And the one at the waist contains a lot of omega-6 fatty acids. And it doesn’t make you smarter. And men don’t react either.

“By the way,” says colleague Galina William Lassek, “children born to skinny teenage mothers cope worse with cognitive tests, because those did not have enough omega-3 acids accumulated in their thighs.

AND AT THIS TIME

If there are problems in the body, then no diet will help.

Being overweight isn't such a bad thing. However, most would like to lose weight. But nothing will come of it if you don’t try. For lazy people, the body perceives extra pounds as normal. Until the end of his days, nothing will help such a fat man lose weight - neither physical activity, nor all kinds of diets.

“The subconscious mind does not allow a person to lose weight and avoid getting it back,” says study leader Malcolm Lowe from the University of Michigan. – As soon as a person gains weight, the brain is “reprogrammed” and gets used to the new image of “beautiful and moderately well-fed.” It is incredibly difficult to convince him.

Often contrary to the common saying,
especially in people who are overweight
there is an internal feeling of one’s own “badness” and worthlessness.

This is a very deep sensation, which is sometimes presented immediately, and sometimes is carefully hidden under the mass of extra pounds, as well as under various kinds of compensatory activities.

Self-esteem issues for obese people are a very sensitive and painful topic.

If they decide to seek help, it pains me every time to see how vulnerable and sensitive they are deep down.

It sometimes seems that some fat people are covered with “hippopotamus” skin and feel nothing. They may push and not notice, behave like a bull in a china shop, not hear or respond to the comments of others. Some people use a sparkling sense of humor and laugh off painful and wounding situations.

But all this is ultimately done in order to protect the vulnerable inner child, which cannot manifest itself fully in adult life, since he does not feel safe in it.

It is in the family that a person coming into this world gets the opportunity to feel that he is alive, that he is valuable and loved in himself. It is reflected in my mother’s eyes and, in a good situation, reads my mother’s message in them: “I love you, you are good, you are alive and real!”

This often does not happen for various reasons. A child whose mother was insensitive to his needs and conditions is constantly in anxiety. It is difficult for him to understand what is happening to him and how to calm this anxiety.

Either he is tired and wants to sleep now, or he is offended, or he is very bored and nervous because his mother did not come for him on time. All these feelings gather into one big ball of anxiety, and the child does not know how to cope with it.

The child grows, and his worries also grow. Now he is no longer a child, but a real adult, but not having within himself the mechanism that would help adequately process anxiety, he resorts to a mechanism that is both pathological and natural at the same time. He eats away his anxiety.

Why is food addiction so difficult to treat?
If we are dealing with drug addiction, we can at least call the enemy by name and declare a fight against him.

It is impossible to call food an enemy - something without which not a single person can live on this planet. It turns out to be difficult to separate what is the vital need of the body, satisfies natural hunger, and what the hunger for love and acceptance is shifted to, which simply dulls the strongest anxiety for a while.

To avoid confronting one’s own “badness,” a person uses numerous strategies.

At best, it develops vigorous activity and achieves universal recognition. It’s as if he wants to prove to himself and others that there really is a lot of him, he has great weight and significance.

But if you look closely at these attempts to increase your own self-esteem, they always have a tinge of “unsatisfactory.” As if the achieved results and recognition are not enough, you need to prove your exclusivity and unusualness again and again every day. For others to notice and appreciate...

Any lack of attention is very painful. A person can hide his vulnerability, dress it up as a joke, and not realize how much he depends on the opinions of others.

A person may not feel the painful stings of wounded pride, “being offended is stupid!” Instead, he will feel an irresistible desire to retire and eat his favorite delicacies or simply eat as much as possible, calming down from the very process of eating and from the feeling of a full stomach.

Or, on the contrary, an obese person in every possible way avoids society, the very possibility of encountering others, communication, although deep down in his soul he terribly craves it and needs it.

He has absolutely no faith in himself, is afraid to compete and achieve something. The anxiety that they might laugh at him, look at him the wrong way, say something wrong, is enormous. And a person tries in every possible way to avoid it.

He finds it difficult to enter into close, spontaneous relationships with others, as he is focused only on picking up negative signals about himself.

It is difficult for him to separate his condition from the condition of the one with whom he comes into contact. It is difficult to grasp the moment when one's own suspicion and expectation of hostility becomes so unbearable that it is projected into another, and the other is then seen as hostile and attacking.

The fat layer seems to help isolate yourself a little from the wounding effects of the outside world, serves as a kind of airbag. In the end, all your difficulties can be attributed to this very excess weight. After all, if it weren’t for him, then it would be possible to go out with people, and there would be no problems with communication...

Here we come to where we started. In the well-known saying that there must be many good people, excess weight performs an important function.

He builds up and enlarges a person's volume so that no one can guess how small and lost he sometimes feels inside. Or it performs a protective function and seems to prevent one from entering into relationships that a person does not know how to build, and is very afraid of being rejected in them.

And many more different functions carry extra weight...