Indian education system. Indian education system Schools for foreigners in India

India– an amazing country. They say that people who have visited it are changed forever. Everything here is built on completely different principles that are not accepted in the ordinary world. Thus, one of the most controversial is the Indian education system. The country is actively fighting the caste system and illiteracy. Of course, we will not consider educational institutions in particular, because many of them cannot be looked at without tears. Let's analyze the holistic picture of education in the country and look at the main aspects.

Needless to say, in India It’s very difficult with education. Many people live very poorly and cannot afford the additional costs. The mentality of the residents and the difficult economic situation in the country have their influence. Of course, the relatively recent educational reform has slightly improved the chances of getting an education, but after leaving school, more than half of children still do not have the necessary funds. If parents are ready to spend money on their child’s education, then the latter will receive a level of knowledge that will not be lower than European. But, unfortunately, living conditions in most school institutions are deplorable. For example, there are schools where children are forced to sit on the floor, and ordinary stones serve as desks. Instead of a board, there is a regular rectangle drawn on the wall.

Preschool education

There are no kindergartens in India at all (at least in the form to which we are accustomed). There, the role of nanny and teacher until school is often performed by the mother. If both parents are busy at work, then the child has to be left with relatives. In cases where this is not possible, special groups are created that are attached to preparatory school. At the same time, for greater convenience, children are divided by age and time spent in groups. In principle, daily training in a group with a teacher is enough for a child to learn the basics and prepare for school. At the same time, children learn not only the basics of the world, but also languages ​​(Indian and English).

Often, after choosing a group, parents do not have to worry about entering school, because upon “graduation” of the next age level, the child is transferred there automatically. But in some cases, parents still have to “rack their brains” over further education for their child.

School

As we have already said, school education in India is free for children, but many wealthy parents still focus on private schools or prestigious government institutions. The cost of training will cost about 100 US dollars per month. It is worth noting that a high-quality public school where you can get a good education is quite difficult to find. In private schools the quality of education is higher, because there children receive a full range of knowledge (including language skills). After graduating from a private institution, the child fully speaks three languages ​​- English, the language of his state and Hindi.

Almost every private educational institution uses individual approaches to learning and uses innovative methods that receive good reviews around the world. A unique feature of absolutely all Indian schools is free meals for children. Of course, you shouldn’t dream of a luxurious menu, but the child gets his sandwich with butter. After choosing a school, parents must secure a place for themselves, pay a down payment and collect the necessary paperwork for admission.

Higher Education in India

Concerning higher education, then India occupies a leading position here. There are more than two hundred universities in it, sixteen of which are considered central. The first place in terms of prestige is occupied by Nalanda University, which was founded in the fifth century AD. It has a unique flavor and rich history.

There are many specialized universities in India. For example, at Indira Kala Sangeeth, students are introduced to Indian music, and at Rabinda Bharati, they are introduced to the languages ​​of Tagore and Bengali. Among the most prestigious universities, it is worth highlighting Mumbai, Rajasthan, Calcutta and Gandhi University.

In the last few years, universities with a technical focus have become especially popular, producing highly qualified engineers. Such specialists are becoming increasingly in demand in the country, especially against the backdrop of the developing Indian economy. As for the education system in which students are trained, it almost completely copies the British version. IN higher institutions There are three levels - bachelor, master or doctor of science, each of which a student can master.

People in India strive for knowledge, contrary to the stereotypes that have formed about the country in European countries. The only downside is poverty, which makes it difficult educational process in India.

First stage of education is ten years, the second is two years. This is where compulsory secondary education ends.

For the next three years, you can study both at school (preparation for entering a university) and at a vocational college (here students receive secondary specialized education).

There are also specialized trade schools, where after eight to ten years of study, the student, along with secondary education, receives any in-demand profession: seamstress, mechanic, mechanic.

Higher education, according to the Bologna system, has three levels: bachelor's degree (from three to five years depending on the specialty), master's degree (two years) and doctoral study (three years of attending specialized courses and writing a dissertation).

Universities in India very many, and they vary greatly in teaching method and focus. There are highly specialized educational institutions that provide knowledge, for example, exclusively in language or music.

Education for children in India

Education for foreign children is available in both public and private schools. Teaching is conducted in English. Before admission, students usually undergo an interview.

The cost of education in public schools is quite affordable - about one hundred dollars a month. Private educational institutions will cost more, but the learning process there is more interesting and varied. The tuition fee also includes meals for schoolchildren.

Higher Education in India

It is quite easy to get higher education in India. To enter a university you don’t even need to take entrance exams. Most students enter Indian universities through exchange and internship programs.

But there is an opportunity to get an education at a university on your own. Universities are divided into centralized (their activities are regulated by the state), local (subject to state legislation) and private.

Famous branches foreign universities there is no. A year of university study will cost a foreigner about fifteen thousand dollars.

Generally Indian education is on enough high level, but the best quality education here is in pharmacology and jewelry making.

Studying is becoming very popular for foreigners in English in Indian universities. For admission, it is enough to pass a simple test to determine the level of knowledge, according to the results of which students are divided into groups.

Foreign students, as a rule, live in dormitories. However, if you want to get to know the life and culture of Indians better, some Indian families provide a room for sharing.

In general, living in this country will cost much less than even in the native CIS countries.

Monthly expenses, including accommodation, food, moderate entertainment, will cost $150 - $250. In addition, the Indian government often issues grants and scholarships. An advantage here is given to graduate students studying in specialties related to Indian culture, its religion, and art.

Second higher education in India

A second higher education in India can be obtained completely free of charge. To do this, it is enough to already have some experience in your specialty and participate in a specialized program of the Indian government.

The professions included in this program are limited, but their list is extensive and is updated every year. Detailed information You can find out about the possibility of free education on the official website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as well as the Ministry of Education of India.

Indian education and living conditions

The conditions of Indian education and living are noticeably different from what we are used to. First of all, the difference in nutrition is striking.

In India there is no meat (only poultry), no traditional bread (only flatbread), no dairy products (only if you prepare them yourself). There are no usual medicines, such as iodine, for example. Very difficult traffic situation.

Traffic lights and signs are installed only in major cities, and even then, not everywhere. For many, an unpleasant surprise is the preference of Indians in the field of perfumery and taste in general.

There are many beggars and simply professional beggars on the streets. Unfortunately, those who are overly squeamish will have a hard time in this eastern country.

You shouldn't count on strict intensive training either. India is not Germany. Here the number of holidays (both national and local) is not much less than the number of days in a year. For this reason educational process often interrupted for a day or even more.

Until 1976, education was the responsibility of the states, while the central government coordinated and determined standards for special and higher education. In 1976, in accordance with a constitutional amendment, the governments shared responsibility for this area. Since then, decisions to determine the structure of education have been made by the states. The quality and standards of education are determined by the central government. The Education Department of the Ministry of Human Resource Development shares responsibility with the states in matters of planning. The Central Education Authority, established in 1935, continues to play a major role in developing and monitoring policies and programs in the education sector, the main ones being the National Education Policy (1986), the Program of Action (1986) and the updated versions these documents (1992).

Elementary education
According to the National Education Policy for the 21st century, compulsory free education All children under 14 years of age should receive a decent standard. As a result of the efforts of the central and state governments, today almost every locality V rural areas there are schools primary education(94% available rural population primary schools located within a 1 km radius). Secondary schools within a 3 km radius are accessible to 84% of rural residents. Thus, since independence, enrollment of children aged 6 to 14 years in primary and secondary education has increased to 87 and 50% respectively. Between 1950 and 1997 the number of these schools increased from 223 thousand to 775 thousand, while the number of teachers in them during the same period increased from 624 thousand to 3.84 million. The number of girls studying at school also increased significantly. At a certain stage, the central and state governments developed a strategy to account for children leaving school prematurely, as well as policies aimed at improving student achievement, which focused on the following aspects: 1) increasing parental involvement; 2) improvement school curriculum and the learning process (minimum required level of education); 5) district program general education and 6) national nutrition program in secondary schools. To consolidate the universal right and obligation to receive primary education, the Upper House of Parliament introduced the 83rd amendment to the Constitution. Subsequently, a group of experts on education financing, set up to examine the need for additional resources needed to introduce compulsory education for children aged 6-14 years, produced a report which is being considered by the government today. It was also created National organization on issues of primary education. The National Committee of State Education Ministers, chaired by the Minister of Human Resource Development, was set up to chart a path towards universal compulsory primary education.

In 1987, a special program (Operation Blackboard Scheme) was launched, which was designed to provide all primary schools in the country with necessary conditions for teaching, in particular, to provide two teachers to each school and school equipment. In 1993, the number of teachers provided for in the program was revised and increased from two to three, with enrollment exceeding 100 children. Also, as part of the program, the number of teachers in secondary schools increased, and additional funds were allocated for the needs of schools. teaching aids. The central government fully covers the cost of teaching aids and pays teachers' salaries during the plan period. Construction of schools is the responsibility of the states. In 1997-1998 522,902 and 125,241 textbooks were issued to all primary and secondary schools, respectively. The post of third teacher was sanctioned for introduction in 53037 primary schools, while 71,614 secondary schools received additional teachers. In 1999-2000 proposed to approve the introduction of a further 30,000 third teacher posts in primary schools and 20,000 additional teachers in secondary schools.

In 1979, the Non-Formal Education Program was launched, which was designed to provide education to children aged 6-14 years who remained outside of formal education. The main focus of the program was 10 states with low level education, but it was also carried out in urban slums, mountainous, tribal and other backward areas.

Teacher training
Under the National Education Policy and Action Plan 1986, the Central Government sponsored Teacher Training Reorganization Program came into force in 1987-88. The program envisaged the creation of a viable institutional infrastructure, academic and resource base for training and professional development of school teachers, adult educators and non-formal teachers. educational institutions, as well as specialists in the field of teacher retraining. As part of this program, it was decided to open an educational and preparatory institute in each district in order to provide academic support to teachers primary classes and teachers for adult and non-formal educational institutions. The program also included raising the status of teacher training institutes high school up to the level of teacher education colleges and institutes basic research in the field of education (Institutes of Advanced Studies in Education) to train newcomers and improve the qualifications of existing teachers. IASE's mission includes conducting preparatory programs for primary school teachers, professional development programs for primary and secondary school teachers and secondary school principals, basic and applied research, especially in interdisciplinary areas, training methodological manuals(guidelines) for regional educational institutions, as well as providing assistance to teacher training colleges. In total, by March 31, 1999, permits had been issued to open 451 district educational institutions, 76 teacher training colleges and 34 institutes of basic research in education in various states and union territories. Twenty Educational Research and Training Councils received financial support. A million teachers completed a preparatory course as part of a special program to determine the specialization of school teachers, during which they learned to work with educational material and equipment, and also became familiar with the requirements of the Minimum Levels of Learning, where the emphasis is on language teaching, mathematics and learning environment. In 1995, the Government of India established the National Council for Teacher Training. Its task is to ensure the planned development of the teacher training system, regulate and maintain standards and norms teacher education and etc.

<Высшее образование>
The higher education system includes approximately 178 universities and 39 institutions that consider themselves universities, as well as 11 national institutions, 65 research institutions, 6,759 general colleges and 1,770 teaching colleges. professional education. To enter a higher education institution you do not need to pass entrance exams.

The largest universities in India are: Calcutta (150 thousand students), Bombay (Mumbai, 150 thousand), Rajasthan (150 thousand), Delhi (130 thousand), M.K. Gandhi (150 thousand).

In addition to traditional universities, in India there are universities with distinct specifics: Visva Bharati and Indira Kala Sangeet in Hairagarh, where they teach exclusively Indian music; Rabindra Bharati in Calcutta, which focuses on teaching the Bengali language and Tagore studies, is also known as the women's university in Bombay.

In recent decades, the number of engineering and technical students has predominated, although the share of graduates from humanities universities remains high - about 40%. Technical education plays an extremely important role in the national economy and human resource development of India. Over the past half century this area education has undergone significant development. Currently, 185 institutes offer postgraduate courses in engineering and technical disciplines, with 16.8 thousand students enrolling annually. Except state institutions and technological institutes in the states, there are also those that are jointly run by the central and state governments, as well as private institutes.

The major institutes that train technologists and managers include engineering institutes in Mumbai, Delhi, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Chennai and Guwahati, and six management institutes in Ahmedabad, Kolkata, Bangalore, Lucknow, Indore and Calicut. The first university degree takes three years to complete. Within the higher education system in India, there are three levels of qualification principles: Bachelor's, Master's (postgraduate level) and Doctoral. A bachelor's degree in arts, commerce and science requires 3 years of education (after 12 years of schooling). To obtain a bachelor's degree in agriculture, dentistry, pharmacology, veterinary medicine, the period of study is 4 years, while studying architecture and medicine requires a longer time (5-5.5 years). The time frame for obtaining a bachelor's degree in journalism, library science and law is completely different.

The Indian higher education system provides three degrees:
- Bachelor - Undergraduate level, training time from those to five years or more depending on the specialty,
- Master - Postgraduate level, training time is two years,
- doctor - Pre-doctoral level,

Academic Qualification Structure:

Bachelor's degrees in Arts, Commerce and Science require three years of education (after a 12-year schooling cycle). A bachelor's degree in Agriculture, Dentistry, Pharmacopoeia, Veterinary Science requires four years of study, while architecture and medicine require a longer period of study (five and five and a half years respectively). The time frame for obtaining a Bachelor's degree in journalism, library science and law is completely different.

Obtaining a master's degree usually takes two years. Pre-doctoral level is accepted after completion of the Master's degree.

Keywords: Education system in India, Education system in India, Education in India, School education in India, Higher education in India, India, Higher education institutions in India
Key Words: India, Education, The education system in India
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The majority of Russian applicants and students, when choosing a university, give preference to the USA and other countries Western Europe. But many Europeans and Americans go to study in Asia. India occupies not the last place among the “big six” countries participating in the Eastern education market. Russians, participating in a special program, can receive higher education in India for free in 2020.

India attracts European and Russian students not only the opportunity to get an education at a relatively low price. The main advantage of Indian education is its orientation towards European standards. As in European countries, students have the right to enter both the college and any university of their choice. In total, there are more than 15 thousand colleges and about 300 universities on the territory of the Indian state.

Indian universities have a three-tier system. The curricula are largely similar to those of universities in Europe. Graduate students studying Indian history and culture are especially respected.

Main advantages

The main advantage of getting an education in the Indian state is the affordable cost of services from universities and colleges. This country is a former British colony. Therefore, education here is based on English traditions. The learning process takes place in English.

If the applicant does not speak well English language, he has the opportunity to take language courses at the chosen university. The level of education in language schools is quite high. English is taught there by native speakers. It is not necessary to pass special exams upon admission. Indian universities do not impose strict requirements on the academic performance of foreign applicants.

Living in the Indian state is much cheaper than in other Asian countries. Another advantage is the provision of a student place in a dormitory. This allows him to save a considerable amount of money.

Graduates of Indian universities have a good chance of employment in any of the American and European companies. There are quite a lot of specialties here. If you wish, you can enroll even in the most “rare” specialty. The following specialties are the most popular:

1. Management.
2. Jewelry making.
3. Pharmacology.

Technological and engineering specialties are no less popular. Today, on the territory of the Indian state there are a considerable number of serious organizations implementing large international projects.

Studying in India has a number of distinctive features. Indian subject teachers not only give lectures, but also instill motivation in students to study a particular discipline. Many students attend additional classes in which teachers help them build a relationship with the discipline they are studying.

Obtaining a student visa

Every person wishing to study in India in 2020 is obliged to apply for a student visa. This document gives the student the right to stay on the territory of the Indian state during the entire period of study. To obtain a visa, the applicant undertakes to prepare the following documents:

• a high-quality photocopy of the first page of the civil passport;
• high-quality photograph;
• bank account statement (the amount should vary from 1.0 to 2.0 thousand US dollars);
• confirmation letter of enrollment at the university;
• a photocopy of the tuition payment receipt.

On average, a student visa document is issued in 5 to 10 days. But if at least one of the documents causes criticism, the processing time may be delayed.

Anyone who goes to study under the ITEC program has the right to a free visa document. All others are obliged to pay the visa and consular fees.

Training according to a special program

Not long ago, applicants from Russia had the opportunity to study in the Indian state under a special ITEC program. This program is perfect for anyone who wants to improve their acquired knowledge and skills. Anyone who wants to improve their skills can also take part in the program.

The duration of courses varies from 14 days to 52 weeks. The main advantage of this program is that the participant does not need to pay for flights, meals and accommodation. You can take part in the program by filling out and submitting an application form. You can apply for the program at an Indian diplomatic post. You can download the application form on the official website of the Indian Embassy.

The final decision regarding the admission of a foreign student rests with the management of the university. If a student does not meet the basic criteria, their application will be rejected.

Grants are provided to graduates Russian universities, as well as applicants and job seekers scientific degree in any of the disciplines taught in Indian universities. Students and alumni medical universities cannot count on receiving grants.

Trigonometry, algebra and the basic concept of calculation came to us. The ancient game / chess / also comes from India. Modern system education was formed in India after the state gained independence in 1947.

What is the Indian education system like at this stage?
If speak about preschool education then it is somewhat different than in Russia. Due to the increased number of working parents, special “day care” groups have appeared in India, where the child can be left during the day. All of them, as a rule, work at "preschool" ("preparatory school")
In the “pre school” itself, which you must attend before entering school, there are the following groups: playgroup, nurses ery, LKG and UKG. If compared with our system, we divide them like this: Playgroup or " playgroup"this is something like a nursery; Nursery translated as "nursery group", but it is more like a middle school; LKG (Lower KinderGarten) senior group; UKG (Upper KinderGarten) preparatory group. In the first two groups, children are brought in for 2, maximum 3 hours a day, in subsequent groups they study for 3 hours.

Just like in Russia, preparing children for school very important. Interested in knowing the criteria for assessing a child when preparing children for school?! And they are like this:
Social development of the child: with other children, the ability to listen and do something together, solve assigned tasks, the ability to share (toys, food), express one’s feelings and desires, the ability to resolve conflicts, etc.
Speech proficiency and readiness to read: the ability to tell about what happened, a story, repetition of sounds, simple sentences of 5-10 words, interest in reading, books, ability to hold them correctly, reading simple 3 4 complex words, main and capital letters, independent writing of your name.
Mathematics: completing tasks for recognizing shapes, being able to draw them, sorting objects of a certain shape, understanding the words “more, less, the same,” counting to 100, writing numbers from 1 to 100, understanding serial numbers “first, second, etc. ". Knowledge of the following concepts: location: right, left, under, above, on, between. Length: short, long, shorter, longest,... Comparisons: big and small, more and less, thin and fat, a lot and a little, light and heavy, tall and short
Knowing your age.
Physical skills: moving in a straight line, jumping, bouncing, jumping rope, flexibility, stretching, balancing, playing with a ball,...
Fine motor skills: using crayons and pencils, brushes, finger painting, cutting, playing with cubes, making puzzles. Ability to tie shoelaces, quickly fasten zippers and buttons.
Basic knowledge: your name, parts, seasons, domestic, wild and marine, animals living on the farm,..
Understanding the basics of health.
Knowledge of basic professions, religious festivals and celebrations, various.
Auditory skills: ability to listen without interrupting, retelling stories, recognizing familiar stories and melodies, sense of rhythm, knowledge and understanding of simple rhymes,...
Writing skills: writing words from left to right, 2-3 compound words, leaving spaces between words, spelling the most commonly used words.
Ability to draw: star, oval, heart, square, circle, rectangle and diamond.
Here is a detailed report on the child.

Children are assessed on all these points as follows: “star” everything is within the normal range, NE needs additional classes, NA skills are absent.

In modern India distinctive feature development of education is the emphasis on the fact that the upbringing inherent in children will determine the character of the nation in the future. In education, the main goal is to reveal the child’s abilities and cultivate positive qualities.
And then "Welcome to School"!

Indian parents need to choose which standard of education they will prefer CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) or ICSE (Indian Certificate of Secondary Education).

Firstly, CBSE The schools are under the patronage of the Government of India and, in addition, only graduates of CBSE schools are hired for civil service. The schools teach in English and Hindi (which happens less frequently), they are generally more oriented towards those who will remain to live and work in the country, and students who previously studied in ICSE schools can enroll in them, but they cannot enroll in ICSE after CBSE.

Two other big advantages of these schools are more frequent and regular updates of the school curriculum, as well as an easier form of exams. For example, when passing the “chemistry, physics, biology” package, you need to score 100% overall, but at ICSE school you must get at least 33% in each subject.

For admission to higher education institution in India no need to take entrance exams. Admission is based on graduation results.

Today, India has one of the largest higher education networks in the world.
Universities in India are established by the central or state governments through legislation, while colleges are established either by state governments or private organizations.
All colleges are branches of a university.
Different types of universities Central University or State University While the former is funded by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, the latter is established and funded by the State Governments.

Non-state universities have the same academic status and university privileges. For example, Deccan Postgraduate College and Scientific Research institute Pune; Tata University of Social Sciences; Indian Institute of Sciences Bangalore, etc.

College classification
Colleges in India come under four different categories. Categorization is done based on the courses they offer (professional courses), their ownership status (private/public) or their connection with the university (affiliated/owned by the university).
University colleges. These colleges are run by the universities themselves and are in most cases located on a university campus.
Government Colleges. There are not many government colleges around 15 20% of the total. They are run by state governments. As with university colleges, the university to which the colleges belong administers examinations, determines courses of study, and awards degrees.
Vocational colleges. In most cases, vocational colleges provide education in the fields of engineering and management. Some provide education in other areas. They are funded and managed either by government or private initiative.
Private colleges. About 70% of colleges are established by private organizations or institutions. However, these educational institutions are also governed by the rules and regulations of the university of which they are affiliated. Although they are a private initiative, the state government also provides sponsorship to these colleges.

In addition to traditional universities, there are universities with a distinct specification: Visva Bharati; Indira Kala Sangeet in Hairagarh (study Indian music); Women's University in Mumbai, Rabindra Bharati in Kolkata (Bengali language and Tagore studies are studied).

There are universities with one faculty and specialty, but there are also universities with a large number of faculties. Number of students in higher education educational institutions varies from 1 3 thousand to 100 thousand students.

The higher education system in India has 3 levels.

Bachelor's degree involves studying for three years scientific disciplines, and up to 4 years, designed for those wishing to receive education in the fields of agriculture, dentistry, pharmacology, and veterinary medicine. If you want to study medicine and architecture, it will take five and a half years. Journalists, lawyers and librarians have bachelor's degrees of 3-5 years.

The next level of higher education is a master's degree. In any discipline, to obtain a master's degree, you must complete a two-year study and write a research paper.

Doctoral studies are the third stage of training. After receiving a master's degree, you can be enrolled at the Pre-doctoral level to obtain the Master of Philosophy (M. Phil.) degree, you must study for a year.

To obtain a doctorate degree (Ph.D.), you must attend classes for another two to three years and write a research paper.

Today, India has not only become one of the nuclear powers, it has become one of the world leaders in the development and production of smart technologies. The modern education system of India is inimitable and unique; it has rightfully entered the world economic system.