home / Our children/ Leo Tolstoy. Viewing the contents of the presentation “NGN with subordinate time and place”

Leo Tolstoy. Viewing the contents of the presentation “NGN with subordinate time and place”

This lesson was developed for class IX and was conducted as part of my teaching practice. Its peculiarity is that it contains a ten-minute block of work on repeating and consolidating norms literary language(in this case, spelling, lexical, syntactic). According to the point of view developed in the diploma project, it is assumed that blocks of this nature should be included in the content of lessons for grades VIII-IX as often as possible, since, on the one hand, the basic material on spelling and punctuation has already been studied and it must be comprehended by students in as a reliable basis for improving their communicative literacy, and, on the other hand, speech errors still occur in the speech of schoolchildren as often and need to be eliminated. A block of such work, as a rule, should precede acquaintance with new topic, otherwise it will violate the integrity of the material being studied and make the structure of the lesson “loose.” Assignments may not be thematically related to the topic being studied. It is important at the beginning of the block of work on repeating and consolidating the norms of the literary language to correctly and clearly motivate students to complete the proposed tasks, which will increase their attentiveness, responsibility, and cognitive interest.

Lesson summary

Lesson topic : “Complex sentences with subordinate clauses of time and place.”

Lesson type : a lesson in learning new material.

Lesson form : combined.

Goals and objectives of the lesson:

1. Educational: 1) identify distinctive features complex sentences with subordinate clauses of place and time; 2) to develop in students the ability to recognize subordinate clauses and tenses, to distinguish them from other types of subordinate clauses; 3) find out which conjunctions and allied words serve as a means of communication between the parts; 4) correctly place punctuation marks in the specified types of sentences; 5) to develop skills in analyzing the structure of such proposals, producing such proposals according to structural diagrams for them; 6) repeat a number of norms of the Russian literary language; 7) improve students' literacy.

2. Developmental : develop oral and written speech students, to develop communicative competencies.

3. Educational: to cultivate interest in the Russian language and literature, to cultivate a harmonious and comprehensively developed personality of students as a whole.

Teaching methods and techniques: frontal survey, conversation, independent work.

Equipment: individual cards; Russian language: textbook for 9th grade general education educational institutions/ S. G. Barkhudarov, S. E. Kryuchkov, L. Yu. Maksimov, L. A. Cheshko. – M., 2004.

Lesson plan:

1. introduction teachers, Organizing time- 5 minutes.

2. Work on repeating and consolidating the norms of the literary language – 10 min.

3. Introduction to theoretical material on the topic of the lesson – 5 min.

4. Completing practical tasks on the topic of the lesson – 20 min.

5. Summing up the lesson – 5 min.

During the classes:

1. Introductory speech by the teacher, organizational moment.Good afternoon. Today we again have to expand our knowledge about complex sentences and get acquainted with its new varieties. The topic is quite complex and will require your attention, concentration, responsible approach, and of course the desire to work. And we will begin, as usual, with a little work on the previously studied norms of the Russian literary language, focusing on improving the culture of speech. As they say, “repetition is the mother of learning”!

2. Work on repeating and consolidating the norms of the literary language. The modern Russian literary language is a language fiction, science, print, radio, television, theater, school. The most important feature it is normative, which means that the composition of the vocabulary of the literary language is strictly selected from the treasury national language; meaning and use of words, pronunciation, spelling, and education grammatical forms follow a generally accepted pattern. Inattention to the normative side of speech leads to illiteracy and a wide variety of speech errors. Today we will turn to the repetition of pronunciation, lexical and syntactic norms modern Russian literary language and complete several tasks presented on training card No. 1

– Read the words, remembering the pronunciation norms:

Orchid[e]ya, son[e]t, str[e]ss, t[e]sis, press, term, t[e]mbr, t[e]mp, plywood, shin[e]l, epidemic, fon[e]tika, t[e]st, tenor, d[e]po.

– Remember what paronyms are(These are words that are similar in sound, but completely different in meaning).

- Make up phrases from these words, thinking about lexical meaning words.

Concert (subscription) , subscriber). (Unrequited,irresponsible) humility.

(Breathe, sigh) regrets.

(Visual, audience) applause.

(Undiscerning, impenetrable) researcher.

(Provide, present) for an award.

(Skillfully , artificially) draw.

(Heroic , heroic) efforts.

(Dramatic , dramatic) circle.

– Agree the subject and predicate:

1) A lot of young people came ... (o) to the dance evening.

2) A mother with a baby sat ... (a) by the window.

3) The remaining ten notebooks were... hidden... in the closet.

4) About fifteen geologists were...(and) sent...(s) to the mountains.

– Write down the sentences in your notebook. Replace direct speech with indirect speech:

“Live, live, guys, help!” - Nikolai Petrovich shouted (Nikolai Petrovich shouted for the guys to work more quickly).

“Yes, I know you, Bazarov,” she confirmed (She confirmed that she knows Bazarov).

“My name is Arkady Nikolaevich Kirsanov,” said Arkady, “and I don’t do anything” (Arkady said that his name is Arkady Nikolaevich Kirsanov and that he doesn’t do anything).

“I have a lot of trouble with the men this year,” Nikolai Petrovich continued to say (Nikolai Petrovich said that he has a lot of trouble with the men this year).

– Carry out a reverse substitution by transforming the sentences with indirect speech into sentences with direct speech.

Kirilla Petrovich asked Masha where she was (Kirilla Petrovich asked Masha: “Where have you been?”).

I noticed, looking at the bright sky, that the weather would be nice (I noticed, looking at the bright sky: “The weather will be nice!”).

Father shouted to Fedya to keep to the right (Father shouted to Fedya: “Keep to the right!”).

Dubrovsky asked if everything was here and if anyone was left in the house (Dubrovsky asked: “Is everything here and is there anyone left in the house?”).

Sergei asked quietly why she left (Sergei asked quietly: “Why did you leave?”).

– What has changed in the semantics and style of statements?(They became more emotional, but at the same time acquired a conversational character.)

3. Introduction to theoretical material on the topic of the lesson. Let's now move on to studying new material. In previous lessons we have already talked to you about the different types of complex sentences. In order to secure it more firmly, we will repeat them a little. Remember which ones?(Complex, complex and non-union).

- Right. What types of complex sentences are distinguished in the Russian language?(Complex sentences with explanatory, attributive and adverbial clauses).

– How to determine the type of subordinate clause?(Ask her a question from the main part).

– Today we will continue to study a large group of complex sentences with adverbial clauses and get acquainted with clauses of time and place. Their “speaking” names will make your work easier. Remember that in a complex sentence with a subordinate clause subordinate clause indicates the time of the action in the main and answers questionsWhere? Where? where?

4. Completing practical tasks on the topic of the lesson. And now to new material Better filled out, let's do a series of exercises.

– In front of each of you is a training card with suggestions (training card No. 2). Copy them in your notebook. Put questions to subordinate clauses and determine their type.

1. It was already getting darkwhen we arrived home.

2. As soon as dad left(when? – clause of time), I quickly dressed in a student's frock coat and came.

3. Here and now (when? – clause of time), when I entered the room, Karl Ivanovich looked at me from under his brows and got down to business again.

4. Ever since I can remember(since when? – clause of time), I also remember Natalya Savishna.

5. In a minute you will forget yourself and sleep untiluntil they wake you up.

6. They turned aside and walked along a mown meadow,until we hit the road(until when? – subordinate clause).

7. The reddish stripe there became a little lighter,where the sun set(where? – subordinate clause).

8. The purple, dark and gentle sky beckoned there,where it touched the edge of the dark green meadows(where? – subordinate clause).

9. Where does the wind blow from(from where? – subordinate clause), from there the clouds float.

– Which of these sentences is constructed according to the following scheme: [... (...) ...]?(third).

– To make it better and easier for you to determine the type of subordinate clause, remember those conjunctions and allied words that usually serve as “signs” (training card No. 3).

Barely

Bye

Before as

Until

Since

As soon as

When

While

– Make up a few sentences with them and write them down in your notebook(independent work of students).

– Let’s do exercise No. 124(one student reads the assignment, one student works at the board, the rest work in notebooks).While working on this exercise, you will better remember subordinating conjunctions and allied words involved in organizing complex sentences with subordinate clauses.

1. Arriving home (when?), when it was already dark (unverifiable unstressed at the root of the word),Meshkov found Volodya alone.

2. Before taken y xia (what to do? we write in the infinitive b) for the violin (when?), he rolled up his sleeves shirt, exposed his chest and stood by the window.

3. Until you will know grief (separate writing Not with verbs, writing b at the end of verbs in the 2nd person singular. numbers) (until when?), you won't (separate writing Not with verbs, writing b at the end of verbs in the 2nd person singular. numbers) adults.

4. I look great at you e la (verb in -et) (until when?), while you stood behind the crowd.

5. Everyone looked at the door, left Enn uyu (suffix -enn- in passive past participles) semi open (prefix semi-) (since when?), since Lisa arrived.

6. When Mercury Avdeevich approaches e l (see approached) to the boulevard (when?) , the alley was empty.

7. She's busy (writing of the unstressed vowel being tested in the root, cf. s and dya) in bed until then(until when?) while the sun is growing (paired consonants at the junction of prefix and root)didn’t draw even lines in the cracks e n.

– Now let’s do a similar exercise, but aimed at consolidating the material on complex sentences with subordinate clauses (Ex. 125). Rewrite by asking questions to the subordinate clauses and underlining the connecting words as parts of the sentence. The ability to ask a question and a certain syntactic function is what distinguishes, as you remember, allied words from conjunctions. Mark with an x the demonstrative words to which the subordinate clauses refer.

1. Where does the wind come from (where?) , that’s where happiness comes from.

2. Where is the horse with its hoof (where?) , there is a crayfish with a claw.

3. Where it’s thin (where?), that’s where it breaks.

4. Where there is love and advice (where?), there is no grief.

– What genre do these sentences belong to?(Proverbs).

– What syntactic function do allied words perform in subordinate clauses of place?(function of circumstance).

– Well, the last task for today will help you better understand the structure of complex sentences with subordinate clauses of time and place. Therefore, you have to work with the diagrams. Make sentences based on these diagrams(check by frontal survey method).

1. (for now...), […].

2. […], (where…).

3. […], (until…).

4. [... (barely...)...].

5. Summing up the lesson. So, today we again talked to you about complex sentences, this time with clauses of time and place. In a complex sentence with a subordinate time, the subordinate clause indicates the time of the action in the main one and answers questionsWhen? how long? How long? since when?In a complex sentence with a subordinate clause, the subordinate clause indicates the place (space) where what is said in the main clause occurs. Subordinate clauses answer questionsWhere? Where? where?The material studied today is very important and is an integral part of the section “ Difficult sentence" I hope that our work today was interesting and productive. D/z: ex. No. 126.

1. On long everyday life (heterogeneous definitions; cf.: everyday life was long). 2. B this lunar shrill ray (heterogeneous definitions are expressed by pronouns, relative and qualitative adjectives; cf.: the moonbeam was piercing). 3. Long, blocked stone, massive fences streets from thick, beautiful trees ( long, blocked street fences - homogeneous definitions; in second place is the participial phrase; stone, massive fences - homogeneous definitions; characterize an object from different angles, but in this context are united by a common feature: “stone, and therefore massive”; With thick, beautiful trees - homogeneous definitions; characterize an object from different angles, but in this context are united by a common feature: “thick, and therefore beautiful”). 4. Brave fishing boats (heterogeneous definitions are expressed in qualitative and possessive adjectives; compare: the fishing boats were brave). 5. Washed rains young month (heterogeneous definitions; participial phrase in first place; cf.: the new month was washed by rains). 6. Rain hasty, young(homogeneous definitions appear after the word being defined). 7. All their new, Masonic thoughts ( All their new- heterogeneous definitions are expressed by pronouns and qualitative adjectives; new, Masonic- homogeneous definitions expressed qualitatively and relative adjectives; in this context are synonyms). 8. rearing by the wind deep purple hail cloud (heterogeneous definitions are expressed by the participial phrase in the first place, qualitative and relative adjectives). 9. Half-opened small mouth (heterogeneous definitions; cf.: the small mouth was half open). 10. Small folding round mirror (heterogeneous definitions; cf.: the round mirror was foldable; the folding mirror was small). 11. Tired, wet under rain watchmen sailors ( tired, wet under rain homogeneous definitions; in second place is the participial phrase; wet under rain watchmen sailors - heterogeneous definitions; compare: the sailors on watch were soaked in the rain). 12. Old man, dirty, baggy, awkward, strange utterly (homogeneous definitions appear after the word being defined<). 13. В pointed straw hats (heterogeneous definitions characterize an object from different sides - shape and material; cf.: straw hats were pointed). 14. Cold, metal light (homogeneous definitions in this context are synonyms). 15. timid, slave note (homogeneous definitions; they characterize the subject from different sides, but in this context they are united by a common characteristic: “fearful, and therefore slavish”). 16. Lead, extinguished eyes (homogeneous definitions - epithets: both adjectives are used in figurative meanings).

Exercise 18

1. Frowning since morning weather began to become clearer little by little (the definition comes before the noun). 2. He already opened his mouth and stood up a little from the bench, but suddenly, terrified , closed his eyes... (the definition refers to the personal pronoun and is separated from it by other members of the sentence). 3. Overcome by evil despair , I(the definition refers to the personal pronoun) saw only these waves around whitish manes . 4. Seized by some vague premonition , Korchagin quickly got dressed and went out into the street (a common definition comes before a noun, but has an additional adverbial meaning of reason, cf.: Since Korchagin was gripped by some kind of premonition, he quickly got dressed...). 5. Meresyev sat silent and anxious (cf.: Meresyev was silent and anxious). 6. Passed stoker, Similar to a black man , and did not close the door near me (the definition comes after the noun). 7. Bye tarantass, accompanied by barking , rolls with a roar along bridges across ravines, I look at the piles bricks, leftovers from a burnt house and drowned in weeds , and I think about what old Kologrivov would do if he saw impudent people, galloping around the yard of his estate (all definitions come after nouns). 8. Paul went into her room and tired, sat down on a chair (a single definition is separated from the word being defined by other members of the sentence; the conjunction also connects the predicates, cf.: Pavel came out and sat down). 9. Fire exploded near him bombs(the definition comes before the noun) instantly illuminated two Human, standing at the top , (the definition comes after the noun) and white greenish foam waves, cut by steamer (the definition comes after the noun). 10. Heavy, nobody unheard of bolt shook the air (homogeneous definitions in front of a noun are not isolated, but are separated by a comma). 11. Chichikov only noticed through thick cover(single adjective comes before the noun) poured rain(single adjective comes before the noun) something roof-like (the attributive phrase refers to the indefinite pronoun and forms a complete combination with it). 12. Scared by the noise , badger rushed to the side and disappeared from sight (a common definition comes before a noun, but has an additional adverbial meaning of cause, cf.: Since the badger was frightened by the noise, he rushed to the side and disappeared from sight).

Exercise 19

1. The girl picked a twig from a currant bush and, delighted with the aroma of the buds, caught up with her companion and gave him the twig. 2. In the long beard of the archpriest’s father and in his small mustache, connecting with the beard at the corners of his mouth, several black hairs flash, giving it the appearance of silver trimmed with niello. 3. His eyes are brown, bold and clear. 4. The sky is almost not reflected in the water, cut by the blows of oars, steamship propellers, sharp keels of Turkish feluccas and other ships plowing the cramped harbor in all directions. 5. A long dam lined with silver poplars closed this pond. 6. She was wearing a white robe, stained with blood, and a scarf tied tightly to her eyebrows. 7. Long, grasping, wide arms raised up the pine trees and they all cling to the clouds, trying to hold them. 8. Angry in appearance, he was kind at heart. 9. Energetic, tall, a little angry and mocking, he stands as if rooted to the logs, and in a tense pose, ready to turn the rafts every second, vigilantly looks ahead. 10. The blue southern sky, darkened with dust, is cloudy. 11. Mountains protruded from behind the sea, looking like a flock of clouds, and clouds like snowy mountains swirled behind them. 12. The ringing of anchor chains, the roar of coupled wagons delivering cargo, the metallic scream of iron sheets falling from somewhere on the stone pavement, the dull knock of wood, the rattling of cab carts, the whistles of steamships, sometimes piercingly sharp, sometimes dull roars, the cries of loaders, sailors and customs soldiers - all these sounds merge into the deafening music of a working day. 13. And the people themselves, who originally gave birth to this noise, are funny and pitiful: their figures, dusty, ragged, nimble, bent under the weight of goods lying on their backs, fussily run here and there in clouds of dust, in a sea of heat and sounds , they are insignificant compared to the iron colossi around them, the piles of goods, the rattling carriages and everything that they created. 14. Long, bony, slightly stooped, he walked slowly along the stones. 15. He is a very kind person, but with rather strange concepts and habits. 16. But suddenly paying two hundred or three hundred rubles for something, even the most necessary, seemed almost suicide to them. 17. The next day we learned that Soviet intelligence entered the city, but, shocked by the monstrous picture of the escape, stopped at the descent to the port and did not open fire. 18. Obviously depressed by memories, Arzhanov fell silent for a long time. 19. He looked around and saw that an overturned truck lying near the road, long since torn apart in parts, was smoking and quickly flaring up. 20. Dawn came, and Kazbek, shackled in snow, caught fire with a double-headed fragment of crystal. 21. And, enclosed in a regular square, it either rushes about and rushes for the fence, or silently flies around the garden. 22. I never entered the house, sat on a bench and, unnoticed by anyone, left. 23. But besides the song, we also had something good, something we loved and, perhaps, replaced the sun for us. 24. He stood, surprised by the unexpected meeting, and, also embarrassed, was about to leave. 25. Soft and silvery, it [the sea] merged there with the blue southern sky and sleeps soundly, reflecting the transparent fabric of cirrus clouds, motionless and not hiding the golden patterns of stars.

Exercise 20

1. One of them was Stolz, the other was his buddy, writer, full , with an apathetic face , thoughtful, as if sleepy eyes (inconsistent definitions on a par with a separate agreed definition). 2. Blue , in the constellations , lasts midnight(inconsistent definition in one row with a separate agreed definition; separated from the main word by other members of the sentence). 3. It was Lyoshka Shulepnikov, only very old , crumpled , with a gray mustache , unlike himself (inconsistent definition is on a par with separate agreed definitions; they stand after the main word - a proper name). 4. Wish speak disappeared with her daughter (the infinitive definition forms a complete phrase with the noun; it stands in the middle of the sentence and is pronounced without pauses). 5. Broad-shouldered , short-legged , in heavy boots , in a thick caftan the color of road dust , He stood in the middle of the steppe, as if carved out of stone (inconsistent and agreed upon definitions refer to the personal pronoun). 6. And that's all she, in an old tunic , with a faded cap on dark blond smooth hair , seemed very tired and tired to Alexey (inconsistent definitions refer to the personal pronoun). 7. The next morning Luzgina, in an elegant silk blue dress , with fluffed light brown hair , fresh , rosy , lush and fragrant , with bracelets and rings on chubby hands , hurriedly drank coffee, afraid of being late for the ship (uncoordinated and agreed upon definitions appear after the proper name). 8. Elevator operator at the entrance, gloomy , with sagging cheeks , greeted Lyoshka with a nod of his head (an inconsistent definition, on the same level as a separate agreed definition, stands after a noun characterizing a person by profession). 9. Suddenly out of white , with frosted pimply glass doors(non-separate agreed and inconsistent definitions appear before the noun) the old one came out woman with a cigarette in his mouth (non-isolated inconsistent single definition). 10. In a white tie , in a smart coat wide open , with a string of stars and crosses on a gold chain in the loop of the tailcoat , general was returning from lunch, alone (a number of inconsistent homogeneous definitions refer to a noun characterizing a person by social status). 11. Never left my memory Elizaveta Kievna, with red hands , in a man's dress , with a pitiful smile and meek eyes (a number of homogeneous, inconsistent definitions refer to proper names). 12. I'm surprised that You, with your kindness , don't feel it (inconsistent definition refers to the personal pronoun). 13. With her defenselessness she evoked chivalry in him feeling - obscure , protect , protect (infinitive definitions are at the end of the sentence and have an explanatory meaning - you can insert “namely” before them). 14. Sometimes, in the general harmony of the splashing, a raised and playful note is heard - one of the waves, bolder , crawled closer to us (the inconsistent definition is expressed by the form of the comparative degree of the adjective; can be replaced by a subordinate clause: which is bolder ). 15. Suddenly everyone left work, turned to face us, bowed low, and some peasants, older , greeted my father and me (the inconsistent definition is expressed in the comparative form of the adjective; can be replaced by a subordinate clause: who are older ). 16. Guys older were spinning under his hands (the inconsistent definition is expressed in the form of the comparative degree of the adjective and merges with the main word into a complete combination). 17. So there is only one doubtful thing left for me pleasure - look out the window at fishing (definition - an infinitive with dependent words stands at the end of a sentence and has an explanatory meaning - you can insert “namely” before them). 18. She was haunted by a secret dream - go into the partisan underground (definition - an infinitive with dependent words stands at the end of a sentence and has an explanatory meaning - you can insert “namely” before them). 19. Kirill Ivanovich felt in himself wish repeat each word several times (definition - the infinitive stands in the middle of the sentence and forms a complete phrase with the noun). 20. On the bridge, dressed in raincoats , with short sou'westers on their heads , are standing captain and officer of the watch(inconsistent and agreed definitions are separated from the main words by other members of the sentence).

Exercise 21

Mount Kazbek, Lake Baikal, frost-voevoda, design engineer, Anika-warrior, self-taught artist, old watchman, Ivanushka the Fool, boletus mushroom, portrait artist, rhinoceros beetle, hermit crab, locksmith- toolmaker, woman doctor, therapist, Moscow River, Mother Russia, poor peasant, poor peasant, floss threads, skilled cook, skilled cook, hero artilleryman, little orphan, old father, drunken watchman, drunkard watchman, civil engineer, Moscow-city, city of Moscow, Dumas-son, gentleman officer, bomber plane, finch bird, comrade general, General Ivanov, rooster fighter, newspaper "Teacher", Lake Ritsa, village of Krutovka, box houses.

Exercise 22

1. Artist- creator. 2. Soldier- sappers. 3. Gornovoy- blast furnace operator. 4. Heart- stone. 5. Pipe- antenna. 6. City Simbirsk. 7. In the picture "After the rain" . 8. To the city Eagle, novel "Resurrection" . 9. Steamboat "The Song of Ossian" . 10. Cat Stepan. 11. Actors- tragedians. 12. About a soldier - orphan . 13. Tramp-wind. 14. Steppe eagles. 15. Mother Volga. 16. Composer Edgar Grieg, cities Bergen. 17. Near the city Pereslavl-Zalessky , estate Botik. 18. Legs- stilts, brown hare. 19. Eyes- beads. 20. Spiders- hunters. 21. Dog- actress. 22. Ancestors- nomads. 23. In the mountains Ala-Tau . 24. Miller Pankrat. 25. Lemon butterfly. 26. Artist Petrova. 27. In the city- museum. 28. Bread and salt. 29. Grandfather- basket maker . 30. Sparrow- watchman .

Exercise 23

1. Sitting on the sofa with a top hat in his hand handsome Cammuccini, famous historical painter , and laughed, looking at Torvald ( - application before a qualified proper name; can be replaced with a qualitative adjective: beautiful Cammuccini; - a common application refers to a proper name and stands after it). 2. In those days, almost a quarter of a century ago, there was such Professor Ganchuk , there was Sonya, there were Anton and Lyovka Shulepnikov, nicknamed Shulepa (- a common noun and a proper name form a single combination, are a single member of the sentence; - the application with the word nickname is isolated, since it comes after the proper name and is pronounced with the intonation of isolation). 3. Child of an unknown country , snuggling, pigeon young man sitting scared by the thunderstorm( - the application is separated from the word being defined by other members of the sentence; - the agreed definition comes after the noun). 4. One of them, an old man without a mustache and gray sideburns , similar to the playwright Ibsen, turned out to be a junior doctor in the infirmary ( - a common application comes after the whole phrase being defined; - an agreed definition comes after a noun). 5. The best mechanic in the factory And the first strongman in the settlement , He behaved rudely with his boss and therefore earned little (uniform common applications refer to the personal pronoun). 6. Glebov, Lyovkin's oldest friend , was never his slave (a common application appears after the proper name). 7. From Shatsky he first learned about Kara-Bugaze - frightening and mysterious bay of the Caspian Sea , about the inexhaustible reserves of mirabilite in its water, about the possibility of destroying the desert (a common application appears after the proper name; it is highlighted with a dash, since it is possible to insert before the application namely; the second dash is omitted, since after the application it is necessary to put a comma to highlight homogeneous terms). 8. Shatsky was amazed by his endurance Miller, helm of the Baltic Fleet (a common application appears after the proper name). 9. Covering everything and everyone, scattered silver shot struck sovereign ruler of the May night - nightingale, nested in the river urem( - common application refers to a common noun, stands before it; - agreed definition stands after the noun). 10. Already exist in laboratories devices - photocells , converting the energy of the sun into electrical energy ( - a single application, expressed by a common noun, stands after the word being defined - a common noun, has an explanatory meaning: it can be preceded by namely, therefore highlighted with a dash; after the application, the second dash is not placed, since it is necessary to put a comma there to highlight a separate definition; - the agreed definition comes after the noun). 11. From time to time the stork brought food in its long beak I'm going - small snake or a frog with four legs spread out (two homogeneous common applications stand after the word being defined - a common noun; they are highlighted with a dash, since they have an explanatory meaning: you can insert before them namely). 12. Only I, mysterious singer , thrown ashore by a thunderstorm (the application refers to the personal pronoun). 13. Residents of the centuries And guardians of the northern expanses , with the cold shine of glaciers they looked at the girls mountains(homogeneous applications are separated from the defined word by other members of the sentence). 14. One of his colleagues recommended him a medical student Lopukhova(application - a common noun comes before a proper noun; it is not isolated or connected with a hyphen). 15. And Birkopf, like a smart man , immediately took advantage of the exclusivity of his position (a common application with the union How stands after a proper name, has an additional causal meaning; can be replaced by a subordinate clause: Since Birkopf was a quick-witted man, he immediately took advantage of the exclusivity of his position).

Exercise 24

1. A small, dry guy walked quickly ahead of everyone old man, in a long black robe , with a red beard , with a bird's nose And green eyes . 2. I liked the unobtrusive one much better. bumpkin Sasha Mikhailov, quiet boy , with sad eyes And good smile , very similar to his meek mother . 3. I was taught by a quiet, shy girl Aunt Natalya, woman with a baby face and transparent eyes . 4. He found out wife Shevtsova, Efrosinya Mironova , and went out to meet her. 5. Oh, be she, this war , cursed. 6. Peers for years , close relatives , They They were almost never separated. 7. He hit everyone's heart right away - handsome , joker And wit . 8. To me, as a mechanic , it costs nothing to do this. 9. In the mysterious temple of spring shadows, dreamer , He I met my dream. 10. Helped him out bike - the only wealth , accumulated over the last three years of work . 11. Contemporary of L. Tolstoy, Chekhov and Gorky, N. Roerich and Rachmaninov, passionate and even biased witness turbulent revolutionary events in Russia , Bunin often argued with history, with the century, with his contemporaries. 12. At night I often cried in my sleep. dog, nicknamed Funtik , little red dachshund . 13. Sat on the left author this inscription - Nikolay Kozyrev . 14. Front-line tramp - newspaperman , I in any dugout there are relatives. 15. I felt that to our brother, gentlemen , it’s not entirely proper to laugh at Polikey. 16. Only the young one kept himself somewhat aloof writer, Volgar from the city of Volsk, Alexander Yakovlev . 17. With this squeeze admiral seemed to not only forgive his son, but also express like a fair person , involuntary respect for the young " daredevil», not afraid to defend his human dignity . 18. Trembling aspen sensitive - forest barometers . 19. Anton often picked up the phone grandma, malicious old woman , watching over her grandson with constant vigilance . 20. Brother father, Uncle Nikolai , was pilot, one of the first Russian pilots , killed in the German war . 21. Master Grigory Ivanovich, bald, bearded man in dark glasses , calmly tied his uncle’s hands with a towel.

Exercise 25

1. Mumbled (how?) through the lips(mode of action, measure and degree). 2. Didn’t light up (until when?) more(time). 3. Comes across (how?) rarely(mode of action, measure and degree); comes across (where?) in Rus'(places). 4. Stopped (how?) with amazement (mode of action, measure and degree). 5. It will flash and fly away (how? like someone?) dandy(comparisons). 6. Going (for what purpose?) block(goals). 7. Remove (for what purpose?) for camouflage (goals). 8. Called (when?) After school (time); called (where?) to the backyard (places). 9. Covered (how?) all of a sudden(mode of action, measure and degree); covered (how?) by the neck(mode of action, measure and degree), knocked over (how?) jerk(mode of action, measure and degree); knocked over (where? and how?) supine(two meanings: place and manner of action, measure and degree). 10. Was silent (in spite of what?) with all my sympathy (concessions, cf.: although I sympathized...). 11. Stood (how long?) all night long(time); stood (where?) a few miles from Petropavlovsk (places); stood (how?) under sail (mode of action, measure and degree). 12. Seemed shorter (why? for what reason?) from the snow(causes). 13. Let's go (how?) under sail (mode of action, measure and degree); let's go (where?) along the coast (places). 14. Stood (where?) in Sinezerki (places); stood (how long?) One minute(time). 15. Shaggy and fluffy (where?) inside(places); shaggy and fluffy (how? like what?) like velvet(comparisons). 16. Dress up (for what purpose?) to welcome spring (goals). 17. Meet (how?) smarter(mode of action, measure and degree). 18. You can’t divorce (why? for what reason?) due to lack of firewood (causes). 19. Got up (how?) in a crowd(mode of action, measure and degree); got up (why?) to prayer(goals). 20. Was present (where?) in the dining room(places); attended (for what purpose?) For decoration (goals). 21. Got off (where?) at the station(places); came down (for what purpose?) have lunch(goals). 22. You cannot be a teacher (under what conditions?) without knowledge of psychology (conditions). 23. More cunning (under what condition?) in such cold weather (conditions). 24. I resort to more stringent measures (under what conditions?) in case of disobedience or expressions of dissatisfaction (conditions). 25. Seemed to be asleep, (despite what?) despite the bright lighting (concessions). 26. It became difficult (why?) due to the approaching winter time (causes). 27. Walks (since when?) from time immemorial(time). 28. I looked (when? since when?) care(time); looked (for how long?) for a long time(time); looked (where?) on the candelabra (places). 29. Forgotten (when?) after tears(time). 30. Approached (when?) in winter(time); approached (where?) to the lake(places); lived (where?) in stacks(places). 31. Broke (when?) yesterday(time); broke (for what reason?) blindly(causes). 32. Left (where?) to the forge(places); left (for what purpose?) shoe (goals). 33. It seemed (when?) Now(time); it seemed (why?) for some reason(causes). 34. They walk (when?) in the spring(time); go (where?) to the grove(places); walk (for what purpose?) by lilies of the valley(goals). 35. Lucky (where?) In Petersburg (places); lucky, (despite what?) contrary to expectations (concessions).

Exercise 26

1. The neighbor lived in the room against . 2. Against(seats) a young man was sitting. 3. I left my companions arrange(goals) overnight stay. 4. Opportunities are hard to turn down. spend the night on the shore. 5. But in such big water swim- this is madness! 6. Prickly stars make it difficult to sleep. 7. You have the right demand recreation. 8. In her chest bird(comparisons) joy sang. 9. Ulya is cool, everyone body(mode of action) turned to her. 10. Someone felt for the door with their hands. 11. Danilov asked in a quiet voice (mode of action) and rigidly moved the thin lips of his small mouth. 12. We are walking chambers(places) long. 13. Early March in the morning(time) Victor gathered the cadets. 14. Words seemed him in multi-colored spots. 15. The braid was wrapped in a tourniquet made of straw. 16. Some kind of beast in one jump from the thicket(places) jumped out. 17. Varya from savings(reasons) feeds everyone milk soup. 18. He screamed in pain(causes). 19. From the shore(places) the boat set sail almost silently. 20. We were forced to give up our evening walk. 21. Give me the key from the closet .

Exercise 27

1. In the evening, catching a passing car , I left for Thelma. 2. Some hard worker was dozing in the shade near the wall, squatting . 3. I had to sit arms folded and think (phraseologism). 4. Glebov, worried, stepped aside, poked around here and there, looking for Efim, then entered the store, asked around and, cursing mentally , cursing unnecessary people , went out into the yard again ( And connects predicates: poked , asked around there And came out). 5. Sometimes Polovtsev, leaving the cards , sat right on the floor, legs folded in Kalmyk style , And, spreading a piece of tarpaulin , disassembled, cleaned an already perfectly clean light machine gun ( And connects predicates: sat down And sorted it out). 6. Glebov stood silently , rocking on his squeaky sandals , and looked at the hard worker, remembering his name (silently And connects predicates: stood And watched). 7. Shulepnikov spat out the cigarette butt and, without looking at Glebov , waddled into the depths of the yard ( And connects predicates: spat out And let's go). 8. Pashka Matveev slept almost around the clock, and waking up , said: “Notable!” ( A cannot be separated from the gerund, cf.: Matveev was sleeping... and he was saying). 9. He again took the photograph out of his pocket, put it on his lap and, looking at her , illuminated by the moon, thought ( And connects predicates: put And thought about it). 10. Levashov glanced at him, but said nothing, but moving the phone , began to turn the handle ( A connects predicates and is not part of the circumstance: Levashov looked , didn't say , A started twisting ). 11. Eldar sat down, legs crossed , And silently stared with his beautiful sheep eyes at the face of the talking old man ( silently- verbal meaning is lost; acts as an adverb; merged with the predicate). 12. The soldiers with guns on their shoulders first walked along the road, then turned off it and, rustling boots on dry leaves , walked twenty steps to the right ( And connects predicates: rolled up And passed). 13. There is something casually dandyish about the movement of modern man around the planet. Then he resting his elbow on lowered side window , rushes with the wind in a car, then, reclining comfortably on the back of the chair , flies on an airplane and, having breakfast in Moscow , thinks about what he will have for lunch in Novosibirsk (unions then... then, and predicates connect: That rushes , That flies And thinks). 14. Chelkash, baring his teeth , raising his head , looked around and, whispered something , lay down again ( And connects predicates: looked around And lay down ). 15. Seeing Nekhlyudov , He, without getting up from his haunches , looking up from under your overhanging eyebrows , offered his hand. 16. Nekhlyudov took the letter, and promising to hand it over , stood up, and, saying goodbye , went outside (repeated conjunction And connects predicates: took it And got up, And came out ). 17. Belted the caftan And pulling down his hat , Pierre, trying not to make noise and don't meet the captain , walked along the corridor and went out into the street. 18. Maslova wanted to answer and could not, but, sobbing, took out a box of cigarettes from the roll ( A connects predicates: I could not , A got it). 19. We came there and sat down. next to each other And holding hands (adverbial adverbial phrase on a par with a non-isolated circumstance - adverb). 20. Stopping Vlasova , He in one breath And without expecting answers showered her with crackling, dry words (adverbial verb ( without expecting answers ) on a par with a non-isolated circumstance). 21. He worked tirelessly (phraseologism). 22. There, in the dark, someone's eyes were looking at me without blinking(the verbal meaning is lost; acts as an adverb; merged with the predicate). 23. Alexander Vladimirovich silently pushed forward dismissing his wife , And, going down two steps , looked down on the battlefield ( silently- verbal meaning is lost; acts as an adverb; merged with the predicate; And connects predicates: squeezed through And looked around). 24. Walked without delay (the verbal meaning is lost; acts as an adverb; merged with the predicate). 25. The tree becomes decrepit and dies standing(the verbal meaning is lost; acts as an adverb; merged with the predicate). 26. We walked back taking off his shoes(the verbal meaning is lost; acts as an adverb; merged with the predicate). 27. Day and night across the snowy desert I hasten to you headlong (phraseologism). 28. He treated his responsibilities carelessly , definitely doing something extraneous and unnecessary (carelessly - phraseological unit). 29. You can leave and without waiting for an answer (before the gerund there is an intensifying particle And). 30. The headman licked a lion kindly in the chest , set off on a further journey (the adverbial phrase includes the subject). 31. With the mistress of the house was an elderly lady, all in black, from cap to boots(the turnover is in the nature of clarification, explanation, and is not related to the concept of time; beginning cannot be removed from the sentence). 32. Alyosha long And somehow narrowing his eyes looked at Rakitin (adverbial adverbial phrase ( somehow narrowing his eyes ) on a par with a non-isolated circumstance - an adverb). 33. Klim Samghin walked down the street cheerfully And without giving way people you meet (adverbial verb ( without giving way to oncoming people ) on a par with a non-isolated circumstance - an adverb). 34. He decided to live in a new way starting next week (adverbial tense; verb meaning lost; beginning can be omitted, cf.: he decided to live in a new way starting next week). 35. Statistical indicators are displayed based on many data (the turn has the meaning “based on”; based on can be omitted, cf.: statistical indicators are derived from many data).

Exercise 28

1. For lack of places in the outbuilding , I was given a place in the count's mansion (a common adverbial adverbial reason with a prepositional combination for lack of because there was no room in the outbuilding). 2. Stepan Arkadyevich studied well thanks to to your good abilities (circumstance of reason with a derivative preposition thanks to stands at the end of the sentence). 3. Regiment, thanks to the severity of the regimental commander , was in excellent condition thanks to because the commander was strict). 4. Again these were someone else’s, theatrical words, but they, at all their nonsense and hackneyedness , also touched on something painfully insoluble (a common circumstance of concession with the pretext at; breaks subject and predicate; can be replaced by a subordinate clause: Although they were quarrelsome and hackneyed). 5. Light decomposes acid by virtue of its brightness (circumstance of reason with prepositional combination by virtue of stands at the end of the sentence). 6. At Gali's, by her blindness , spent the whole day carefully fiddling around with various small matters (a common circumstance of reason has an explanatory meaning; stands in the middle of a sentence; can be replaced with a subordinate clause: because she was blind). 7. And, despite determination , Seryozha still experienced severe fear (the circumstance of the concession with the pretext despite always isolated). 8. Having become an officer, Shurka, at Chizhik's insistence , took him to himself (the circumstance of the reason has an explanatory meaning, breaks the subject and the predicate; can be replaced with a subordinate clause: because Chizhik insisted). 9. Despite your kindness , he gathered several sailors for a secret meeting about the actions of the boatswain-beast (the circumstance of the concession with the pretext despite always isolated). 10. Anyutka often shed tears when the master at the lady's insistence , sent Anton to the crew for punishment (the circumstance of the reason has a clarifying and explanatory meaning, breaks the subject of the distorted; can be replaced with a subordinate clause: because the lady insisted). 11. The artillerymen set up an observation post at the elevator and, despite direct hits , sat there until the end ( And connects homogeneous predicates: arranged And sat; circumstance of assignment with pretext despite always isolated). 12. At all mercilessness towards enemies , I don’t know a more humane person (a common circumstance of concession with the pretext at; stands at the beginning of a sentence; can be replaced by a subordinate clause: Although he was merciless to his enemies). 13. The trust could not, like old industrialists , make the extraction of mirabilite dependent on the vagaries of the bay (a common circumstance of comparison with the derivative preposition like stands in the middle of a sentence, breaks the predicate). 14. My Cossack, contrary to order , slept soundly (circumstance of concession with a derivative preposition contrary to breaks subject and predicate; can be replaced by a subordinate clause: Although I gave instructions). 15. However, in view of lack of time , let’s not deviate from the subject of the lecture (the common adverbial adverbial reason is at the beginning of the sentence after the introductory word; can be replaced with a subordinate clause: because no time). 16. Due to this incident , Vasily no longer saw his parents (a common circumstance of reason with a derivative preposition due to stands at the beginning of a sentence; can be replaced by a subordinate clause: because this incident happened). 17. Despite fatigue , Serdyukov could not sleep (the circumstance of the concession with the pretext despite always isolated). 18. It was cool in the living room thanks to open door to the balcony (a common adverbial reason is at the end of the sentence). 19. I am writing to you from the village where I visited due to sad circumstances (a common circumstance of reason with a derived preposition due to stands at the end of the sentence). 20. Spies and gendarmes rush along the train, regardless of pouring rain (circumstance of concession with preposition regardless forever separated).

Exercise 29

1. He was always interested and seemed mysterious in those cases when, thinking about some subject or reading about something in a book, he immediately heard a conversation next to him about the same thing. 2. Clinging to the railing, staggering, groaning, he walked down the steps of the porch, threw himself into the wet, dewy grass and, pressing his whole body to the damp earth that still held the warmth of the day, cried. 3. By the fire, with his frightened little eyes wide open, holding a whip with one hand and the other, in a dangling sleeve, raised as if in defense, stood a thin black-headed boy, in bast shoes, in torn pants, in a long, oversized jacket wrapped around him. body and belted with hemp. 4. Foma, handsome and slender, in a short drape jacket and high boots, stood leaning his back against the mast, and, pinching his beard with a trembling hand, admired the work. 5. Thin and pale, with his feet tucked under him in felt boots, he, hunched over and trembling, sat in the far corner of the bunk and, with his hands in the sleeves of his sheepskin coat, looked at Nekhlyudov with feverish eyes. 6. Turning around, Lyubov saw that Yefim, the captain of the Ermak, was walking along the path of the garden, respectfully taking off his cap and bowing to her. 7. And at this time, thanks to the energy and resourcefulness of Kornilov, who inspired everyone, batteries grew on the South Side. 8. The short and thin old man Nilych, still cheerful in appearance, despite his sixty years, was sitting at a table covered with a colored tablecloth in a clean cotton shirt, wide pants and shoes worn on his bare feet. 9. Thanks to the peculiarities of the geological structure of its slopes with countless springs and streams, the massif is like a living museum - a collection of almost half of all wild flowers in the region. 10. I stood on the edge of the platform, firmly resting my left foot on the stone and leaning forward a little so that, in case of a slight wound, I would not tip back. 11. Poltoratsky, as if having woken up, without understanding, looked with his kind, wide-set eyes at the displeased adjutant. 12. Princess Marya Vasilievna herself, a large, big-eyed, black-browed beauty, sat next to Poltoratsky, touching his legs with her crinoline and looking at his cards. 13. He slept without undressing, leaning on his arm, his elbow buried in the downy red pillows laid out for him by his owner. 14. Having traveled a hundred paces, Hadji Murat saw through the tree trunks a fire, the shadows of people sitting by the fire, and a hobbled horse half illuminated by the fire. 15. Having taken off his shoes and performed his ablutions, Hadji Murat stood with his bare feet on the burka, then sat on his calves and, first plugging his ears with his fingers and closing his eyes, said the usual prayers, turning to the east. 16. Carefully opening the heavy binding, the grandfather put on glasses with silver frames and, looking at the inscription, moved his nose for a long time, adjusting the glasses. 17. All this, some thanks to the efforts of memory, and some against his will, was remembered by Glebov the night after the day when he met Lyovka in a furniture store.

From early morning the entire sky was covered with rain clouds; it was quiet, not hot and boring, as happens on gray cloudy days, when clouds have long hung over the field, you wait for rain, but it doesn’t come. The veterinarian Ivan Ivanovich and the gymnasium teacher Burkin were already tired of walking, and the field seemed endless to them. Far ahead the windmills of the village of Mironositsky were barely visible, on the right a row of hills stretched and then disappeared far behind the village, and both of them knew that this was the bank of the river, there were meadows, green willows, estates, and if you stood on one of the hills, you could see from there the same huge field, a telegraph and a train, which from a distance looks like a crawling caterpillar, and in clear weather you can even see the city from there. Now, in calm weather, when all nature seemed meek and thoughtful, Ivan Ivanovich and Burkin were imbued with love for this field and both thought about how great and how beautiful this country is. “Last time, when we were in the barn of the elder Prokofy,” said Burkin, “you were going to tell some story.” Yes, I wanted to tell you about my brother then. Ivan Ivanovich took a long breath and lit a pipe to start telling the story, but just at that time it began to rain. And about five minutes later it was pouring heavily, constantly, and it was difficult to predict when it would end. Ivan Ivanovich and Burkin stopped in thought; the dogs, already wet, stood with their tails between their legs and looked at them with emotion. “We need to take refuge somewhere,” said Burkin. Let's go to Alekhine. It's close here. Let's go. They turned to the side and walked along the mown field, now straight, now turning to the right, until they came out onto the road. Soon the poplars, the garden, then the red roofs of the barns appeared; the river began to sparkle, and a view opened onto a wide reach with a mill and a white bathhouse. This was Sofiino, where Alekhine lived. The mill worked, drowning out the noise of the rain; the dam trembled. Here wet horses stood near the carts with their heads hanging, and people walked around covered with sacks. It was damp, dirty, uncomfortable, and the view of the reach was cold and angry. Ivan Ivanovich and Burkin were already experiencing a feeling of wetness, uncleanliness, discomfort all over their bodies, their legs were heavy with mud, and when, having passed the dam, they went up to the master’s barns, they were silent, as if they were angry with each other. A winnowing machine was making noise in one of the barns; the door was open and dust was pouring out of it. On the threshold stood Alekhine himself, a man of about forty, tall, plump, with long hair, looking more like a professor or an artist than a landowner. He was wearing a white shirt that had not been washed for a long time with a rope belt, long johns instead of trousers, and dirt and straw were also stuck to his boots. The nose and eyes were black with dust. He recognized Ivan Ivanovich and Burkin and, apparently, was very happy. “Please, gentlemen, into the house,” he said, smiling. I am now, this minute. The house was large, two-story. Alekhine lived downstairs, in two rooms with vaults and small windows, where clerks once lived; the furnishings here were simple, and there was a smell of rye bread, cheap vodka and harness. Upstairs, in the state rooms, he was rarely, only when guests arrived. Ivan Ivanovich and Burkin were met in the house by the maid, a young woman, so beautiful that they both stopped at once and looked at each other. “You can’t imagine how glad I am to see you, gentlemen,” said Alekhine, following them into the hallway. I didn’t expect that! Pelageya,” he turned to the maid, “let the guests change into something. By the way, I’ll change my clothes too. I just need to go wash myself first, otherwise it seems like I haven’t washed myself since spring. Would you like to go to the bathhouse, gentlemen, while they get ready? Beautiful Pelageya, so delicate and seemingly so soft, brought sheets and soap, and Alekhine and the guests went to the bathhouse. “Yes, I haven’t washed for a long time,” he said, undressing. My bathhouse, as you can see, is good, my father was still building it, but somehow I still don’t have time to wash myself. He sat down on the step and soaped his long hair and neck, and the water around him turned brown. Yes, I confess... Ivan Ivanovich said significantly, looking at his head. “It’s been a long time since I washed myself...,” Alekhine repeated embarrassedly and lathered himself again, and the water near him became dark blue, like ink. Ivan Ivanovich went outside, threw himself into the water noisily and swam in the rain, waving his arms widely, and waves came from him, and white lilies swayed on the waves; he swam to the very middle of the reach and dived, and a minute later he appeared in another place and swam further, and kept diving, trying to reach the bottom. “Oh, my God...,” he repeated, enjoying himself. “Oh, my God...” He swam to the mill, talked about something with the men there, turned back, and lay down in the middle of the reach, exposing his face to the rain. Burkin and Alekhine had already gotten dressed and were getting ready to leave, but he kept swimming and diving. Oh, my God... he said. Oh, Lord have mercy. It will be for you! Burkin shouted to him. We returned to the house. And only when the lamp was lit in the large living room upstairs, and Burkin and Ivan Ivanovich, dressed in silk dressing gowns and warm shoes, were sitting in armchairs, and Alekhine himself, washed, combed, in a new frock coat, walked around the living room, apparently enjoying the warmth , cleanliness, dry dress, light shoes, and when the beautiful Pelageya, silently walking on the carpet and smiling softly, served tea with jam on a tray, only then Ivan Ivanovich began to tell the story, and it seemed that not only Burkin and Alekhine were listening to him, but also old and young ladies and military men, calmly and sternly looking out from golden frames. “We are two brothers,” he began, “I, Ivan Ivanovich, and the other, Nikolai Ivanovich, two years younger. I went into science, became a veterinarian, and Nikolai was already in the government ward at the age of nineteen. Our father Chimsha-Himalayan was from the cantonists, but, having served the rank of officer, he left us hereditary nobility and a small name. After his death, our little name was taken away from us for debts, but, be that as it may, we spent our childhood in the village free. We, just like peasant children, spent days and nights in the field, in the forest, guarding horses, stripping bast, catching fish, and so on... Do you know who has caught a ruffe at least once in their life or seen migratory blackbirds in the fall as they fly in flocks over the village on clear, cool days, he is no longer a city dweller, and until his death he will be drawn to freedom. My brother was sad in the government chamber. Years passed, and he still sat in one place, wrote the same papers and thought about the same things, as if going to the village. And this melancholy little by little turned into a definite desire, a dream to buy himself a small estate somewhere on the banks of a river or lake. He was a kind, meek man, I loved him, but I never sympathized with this desire to lock myself up in my own estate for the rest of my life. It is commonly said that a person only needs three arshins of land. But three arshins are needed by a corpse, not a person. And they also say now that if our intelligentsia is drawn to the land and strives for estates, then this is good. But these estates are the same three arshins of land. To leave the city, from the struggle, from the noise of everyday life, to leave and hide in your estate - this is not life, this is selfishness, laziness, this is a kind of monasticism, but monasticism without feat. A person needs not three arshins of land, not an estate, but the entire globe, all of nature, where in the open space he could demonstrate all the properties and characteristics of his free spirit. My brother Nikolai, sitting in his office, dreamed of how he would eat his own cabbage soup, from which such a delicious smell spread throughout the yard, eat on the green grass, sleep in the sun, sit for hours on end on a bench outside the gate and look at the field and forest. Agricultural books and all sorts of advice in calendars constituted his joy, his favorite spiritual food; He also loved to read newspapers, but in them he only read advertisements that so many acres of arable land and meadows with an estate, a river, a garden, a mill, and flowing ponds were for sale. And in his head he pictured paths in the garden, flowers, fruits, birdhouses, crucian carp in ponds and, you know, all this stuff. These imaginary pictures were different, depending on the advertisements that he came across, but for some reason there was certainly a gooseberry in each of them. He could not imagine a single estate, not a single poetic corner without gooseberries there. “Village life has its own conveniences,” he used to say. You sit on the balcony, drink tea, and your ducks are swimming on the pond, it smells so good and... and the gooseberries are growing. He drew a plan of his estate, and every time his plan showed the same thing: a) a manor’s house, b) a servant’s room, c) a vegetable garden, d) gooseberries. He lived sparingly: he didn’t eat enough, didn’t drink enough, dressed God knows how, like a beggar, and saved everything and put it in the bank. He was terribly greedy. It hurt me to look at him, and I gave him something and sent it on holidays, but he hid it too. Once a person has an idea, then nothing can be done. Years passed, he was transferred to another province, he was already forty years old, and he kept reading advertisements in newspapers and saving. Then, I hear, he got married. All for the same purpose, in order to buy himself an estate with gooseberries, he married an old, ugly widow, without any feeling, but only because she had money. He also lived sparingly with her, kept her from hand to mouth, and put her money in the bank in his name. She used to work for the postmaster and got used to his pies and liqueurs, but at her second husband she didn’t even see enough black bread; She began to wither away from such a life, and after three years she took it and gave her soul to God. And of course my brother did not think for a single minute that he was to blame for her death. Money, like vodka, makes a person an eccentric. A merchant was dying in our city. Before his death, he ordered a plate of honey to be served to himself and ate all his money and winning tickets along with the honey so that no one would get it. Once at the station I was inspecting the herds, and at that time one of the traders was hit by a locomotive and his leg was cut off. We take him to the emergency room, blood is pouring out - it’s a terrible thing, but he keeps asking for his leg to be found, and he’s still worried; There are twenty rubles in the boot on the severed leg, as if they were not lost. “You’re from a different story,” said Burkin. “After the death of his wife,” continued Ivan Ivanovich, after thinking for half a minute, “my brother began to look for an estate for himself. Of course, even if you look for five years, you will still end up making a mistake and buying something completely different from what you dreamed of. Brother Nikolai, through a commission agent, with the transfer of debt, bought one hundred and twelve dessiatines with a manor house, with a people's house, with a park, but no orchard, no gooseberries, no ponds with ducks; there was a river, but the water in it was the color of coffee, because on one side of the estate there was a brick factory, and on the other there was a bone factory. But my Nikolai Ivanovich was little sad; he ordered twenty gooseberry bushes for himself, planted them and began to live as a landowner. Last year I went to visit him. I’ll go, I think, and see how and what’s there. In his letters, his brother called his estate this way: Chumbaroklova Wasteland, Himalayan Identity. I arrived at the Himalayan identity in the afternoon. It was hot. Everywhere there are ditches, fences, hedges, trees planted in rows, and you don’t know how to get into the yard, where to put the horse. I’m walking towards the house, and a red dog meets me, fat, like a pig. I want to bark at her, but I’m too lazy. The cook, bare-legged, fat, also looking like a pig, came out of the kitchen and said that the master was resting after dinner. I go in to my brother, he is sitting in bed, his knees are covered with a blanket; aged, plump, flabby; cheeks, nose and lips stretch forward, and just look, he grunts into the blanket. We hugged and cried with joy and with the sad thought that we were once young, but now we are both gray and it’s time to die. He got dressed and took me to show his estate. Well, how are you doing here? I asked. Nothing, thank God, I live well. This was no longer the former timid poor official, but a real landowner, a gentleman. He has already settled down here, got used to it and got a taste for it; he ate a lot, washed himself in the bathhouse, gained weight, was already suing society and both factories, and was very offended when the men did not call him “your honor.” And he took care of his soul solidly, like a lord, and did good deeds not simply, but with importance. And what good deeds? He treated the peasants for all diseases with soda and castor oil, and on his name day he served a thanksgiving prayer service among the village, and then put half a bucket, I thought it was necessary. Oh, these terrible half-buckets! Today the fat landowner drags the peasants to the zemstvo chief for weed, and tomorrow, on a solemn day, he gives them half a bucket, and they drink and shout hurray, and the drunks bow at his feet. A change in life for the better, satiety, and idleness develop in a Russian person conceit, the most arrogant. Nikolai Ivanovich, who once in the government chamber was afraid even for himself to have his own views, now spoke only truths, and in such a tone, like a minister: “Education is necessary, but for the people it is premature,” “corporal punishment is generally harmful, but in some cases they are useful and irreplaceable.” “I know the people and know how to deal with them,” he said. People love me. I just have to lift a finger and people will do whatever I want for me. And all this, mind you, was said with a smart, kind smile. He repeated twenty times: “we, the nobles,” “I, as a nobleman”; Obviously, he no longer remembered that our grandfather was a man, and our father a soldier. Even our surname Chimsha-Himalayan, essentially incongruous, now seemed sonorous, noble and very pleasant to him. But it’s not about him, it’s about me. I want to tell you what a change occurred in me in these few hours while I was at his estate. In the evening, when we were drinking tea, the cook brought a full plate of gooseberries to the table. These were not purchased, but my own gooseberries, collected for the first time since the bushes were planted. Nikolai Ivanovich laughed and looked at the gooseberries for a minute, silently, with tears, he could not speak from excitement, then he put one berry in his mouth, looked at me with the triumph of a child who has finally received his favorite toy, and said: How delicious! And he ate greedily and kept repeating: Oh, how delicious! You try! It was harsh and sour, but, as Pushkin said, “deception that elevates us is dearer to the darkness of truths.” I saw a happy man, whose cherished dream had come true so obviously, who had achieved his goal in life, got what he wanted, who was satisfied with his fate, with himself. For some reason, something sad was always mixed with my thoughts about human happiness, but now, at the sight of a happy person, I was overcome by a heavy feeling close to despair. It was especially difficult at night. They made a bed for me in a room next to my brother’s bedroom, and I could hear how he did not sleep and how he got up and went to the plate with gooseberries and took a berry. I thought: how, in essence, there are a lot of satisfied, happy people! What an overwhelming force this is! Just look at this life: the arrogance and idleness of the strong, the ignorance and bestiality of the weak, impossible poverty all around, overcrowding, degeneration, drunkenness, hypocrisy, lies... Meanwhile, in all the houses and on the streets there is silence and calm; Of the fifty thousand living in the city, there is not a single one who would cry out or be loudly indignant. We see those who go to the market for provisions, eat during the day, sleep at night, who talk their nonsense, get married, grow old, complacently drag their dead to the cemetery, but we We don’t see or hear those who suffer, and what’s scary in life happens somewhere behind the scenes. Everything is quiet, calm, and only silent statistics protest: so many people have gone crazy, so many buckets have been drunk, so many children have died from malnutrition... And such order is obviously needed; Obviously, the happy person feels good only because the unfortunate bear their burden in silence, and without this silence happiness would be impossible. This is general hypnosis. It is necessary that behind the door of every contented, happy person there should be someone with a hammer and constantly remind him by knocking that there are unfortunate people, that no matter how happy he is, life will sooner or later show him its claws, trouble will befall him - illness, poverty, loss, and no one will see or hear him, just as now he does not see or hear others. But there is no man with a hammer, the happy one lives for himself, and the small worries of life agitate him lightly, like the wind on an aspen tree, and everything is going well. “That night it became clear to me how contented and happy I was too,” continued Ivan Ivanovich, getting up. I, too, at dinner and while hunting, taught how to live, how to believe, how to govern the people. I also said that learning is the light, that education is necessary, but for ordinary people, just reading and writing is enough for now. Freedom is a blessing, I said, you can’t live without it, like you can’t live without air, but you have to wait. Yes, I said so, but now I ask: why wait? asked Ivan Ivanovich, looking angrily at Burkin. Why wait, I ask you? For what reasons? They tell me that not everything at once, every idea is realized in life gradually, in due time. But who is saying this? Where is the evidence that this is true? You refer to the natural order of things, to the lawfulness of phenomena, but is there order and lawfulness in the fact that I, a living, thinking person, stand over a ditch and wait for it to overgrow itself or cover it with silt, while, perhaps , could I jump over it or build a bridge over it? And again, why wait? To wait when there is no strength to live, but meanwhile you need to live and want to live! I then left my brother early in the morning, and from then on it became unbearable for me to be in the city. The silence and calm depress me, I am afraid to look at the windows, because for me now there is no more painful sight than a happy family sitting around a table drinking tea. I am already old and not fit to fight, I am incapable even of hating. I just grieve mentally, get irritated, annoyed, at night my head burns from the influx of thoughts, and I can’t sleep... Oh, if only I were young! Ivan Ivanovich paced nervously from corner to corner and repeated: If I were young! He suddenly approached Alekhine and began to shake him first one hand, then the other. “Pavel Konstantinich,” he said in a pleading voice, “don’t calm down, don’t let yourself be lulled to sleep!” While you are young, strong, vigorous, do not get tired of doing good! There is no happiness and there should not be any, and if there is meaning and purpose in life, then this meaning and purpose is not at all in our happiness, but in something more reasonable and greater. Do good! And Ivan Ivanovich said all this with a pitiful, pleading smile, as if he was asking for himself personally. Then all three sat in armchairs at different ends of the living room and were silent. Ivan Ivanovich's story did not satisfy either Burkin or Alekhine. When generals and ladies looked out from golden frames, who seemed alive in the twilight, it was boring to listen to the story about the poor official who ate gooseberries. For some reason I wanted to talk and listen about elegant people, about women. And the fact that they were sitting in the living room, where everything—the chandelier in its case, the armchairs, and the carpets underfoot—said that these same people who were now looking out of the frames had once walked, sat, and drank tea here, and then that beautiful Pelageya was now walking silently here, this was better than any stories. Alekhine really wanted to sleep; he got up early to do housework, at three o'clock in the morning, and now his eyes were drooping, but he was afraid that the guests might start telling something interesting without him, and he did not leave. Whether what Ivan Ivanovich had just said was smart or fair, he did not delve into; the guests were not talking about cereals, not about hay, not about tar, but about something that was not directly related to his life, and he was glad and wanted them to continue... “But it’s time to sleep,” said Burkin, getting up. Let me wish you good night. Alekhine said goodbye and went downstairs, while the guests remained upstairs. They were both given a large room for the night, where there were two old wooden beds with carved decorations and in the corner there was an ivory crucifix; their beds, wide and cool, made by the beautiful Pelageya, smelled pleasantly of fresh linen. Ivan Ivanovich silently undressed and lay down. Lord, forgive us sinners! he said and covered his head. His pipe, lying on the table, smelled strongly of tobacco fume, and Burkin did not sleep for a long time and still could not understand where this heavy smell came from. The rain hammered on the windows all night.

Question: Complete the complex sentences. 1 The passenger hurriedly got out of the carriage,..... .2...., the sun was setting, and its last rays gilded the tops of the trees.3 The tourists rose at dawn,... .4 The guys went down the steep slope to the river. .. . 5 .... fields, forests and copses flashed outside the windows. 6 They turned aside and walked along a mown field,.... . 7 It was a sad August night, sad because ... .

Complete complex sentences. 1 The passenger hurriedly got out of the carriage,..... .2...., the sun was setting, and its last rays gilded the tops of the trees.3 The tourists rose at dawn,... .4 The guys went down the steep slope to the river. .. . 5 .... fields, forests and copses flashed outside the windows. 6 They turned aside and walked along a mown field,.... . 7 It was a sad August night, sad because ... .

Answers:

1. ...to catch your regular bus. 2. When we left the house on the street... 3. ... because we started climbing the mountain late in the evening. or: ... to look at the amazingly beautiful sunrise over the red sea 4. ... to swim and quench your thirst 5. When my dad and I were driving home from the resort,... 6. ... because on the other road it was dirty and the grass was not cut 7. ... that the end of summer was getting closer

OFFERS	GRAMMATICAL ERRORS
A) Poetry convinces a person not only of the possibility of happiness, but also itself brings happiness and peace.	1) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition
B) The foliage, washed with dew, pleasing to the eye with its brightness, has now faded.	2) violation of the connection between subject and predicate
B) In the magazine "Ogonyok" still you can find a lot of interesting material.	3) violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application
D) Painting the tops of the trees crimson, it began to get light.	4) error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members
D) Immediately upon arrival, I went out onto the balcony, surrounded by a magical sea, in the distance - Ayu-Dag.	5) incorrect construction of sentences with participial phrases
	6) violation in the construction of sentences with participial phrases
	7) incorrect construction of sentences with indirect speech