Likhachev, a person must have favorite works. Collection of ideal social studies essays

(D. Likhachev)

Composition

What place does literature occupy in people's lives? What does reading give us? How to choose the right books? How important is it to read a book “disinterestedly”, with something interesting? Academician Dmitry Likhachev invites us to reflect on the problem of correct reading.

The text talks about the fact that books and reading can become a way of life for every person, you just have to choose the right book, because, according to Likhachev, it serves as “a guide to other eras and to other peoples, it opens people’s hearts to us.” Literature is of great importance in people’s lives; it gives us “a colossal, vast and profound experience of life,” brings wisdom, enriches a person’s inner world, educating him.

D. S. Likhachev encourages us to read books meaningfully, thoughtfully, delving into every little detail, because it is in the little things that the most interesting and mysterious lies. You need to immerse yourself in reading not for the sake of someone else, but for yourself. The author believes that the most important is classical literature that has stood the test of time, but he does not reject modern literature, because only it can answer many questions of our time. And in order to truly understand and love a book, you need to reread it several times.

Tatyana Larina, the main character of the novel in verse by A. S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin,” had the same strong love for books that I have. “Now with what attention she / Reads a sweet novel, / With what living charm / Drinks seductive deception!” Tatyana read books, imagining herself in the place of the main heroines of the novels: immersed in reading with her head, she shared with them the feelings that owned them.

I spent unforgettable minutes with L. N. Tolstoy’s epic novel “War and Peace.” Worried about Andrei Bolkonsky, worried about the fate of Marya Bolkonskaya, surprised by the actions of Pierre Bezukhov, I read page after page. I immediately fell in love with Princess Marya, and I could not leave the book closed: my worries about the princess forced me to open the novel I loved again and again. And the joy I felt when I found out that Marya had finally found happiness with Nikolai Rostov cannot be expressed in words.

The more books I read, the more often I find “my” books, the more I understand Likhachev’s words: “there are many books without which you cannot live.”

In contact with

For many people, reading books is what gives us a rich, expansive and profound experience of life. Many people think that if they read a book just to report to someone, it will bring as much benefit as deep, “unselfish” reading. Is it so? Why should books be read with interest?

In the text by D.S. Likhachev raises the problem of interest in reading.

The author reveals this problem by discussing how he came to understand what “disinterested” reading is. The author tells us a story from his school childhood. D.S. Likhachev says that his school teacher taught him “disinterested” reading. He remembers how Leonid Vladimirovich knew how to read and interest. The author emphasizes that they did it at ease, which is why these books sank into their hearts: “I still love what I listened to then as a child.” The guys simply loved to listen and therefore they went into every detail of the content of the book.

The author discusses this problem by comparing a book with a TV. D.S. Likhachev gives his commentary on the question of why television partially displaces books. Having realized that if you read a book, like a television program, “slowly, delving into the details,” then the book can become even more interesting than some television programs.

There are many examples in literary works that confirm my idea. For example, in Yuri Yakovlev’s story “Girls from Vasilievsky Island” we see Tanya Savicheva’s friend holding her diary in her hands. Valya Zaitseva needed to rewrite the contents of Tanya’s diary on concrete slabs. The girl read every word and imagined what was happening to Tanya. It was hard for Valya Zaitseva to write this, because she read carefully and the real picture of what was happening to Tanya was revealed to her. So, we see that only careful, “disinterested” reading reveals the real picture of what is happening.

Another example that proves my point could be the heroine of the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". Tatyana Larina, when she read books, imagined herself as the heroine of these books. She read books carefully and “disinterestedly”, she simply loved it. She went into detail so she could see the true picture of the work.

Thus, I was again convinced that you need to read the book with interest. Attentively and naturally, going into every detail of what is happening. Only then can you see the true thoughts of what the author wanted to convey. Only then will the book give us a vast and profound experience of life.

Text from the Unified State Examination

(10) My literature teacher taught me “disinterested” reading at school. (11) I studied in the years when teachers were often forced to be absent from classes - either they were digging trenches near Leningrad, or they had to help some factory, or they were simply sick. (12) Leonid Vladimirovich (that was the name of my literature teacher) often came to class when the other teacher was absent, casually sat down on the teacher’s table and, taking books out of his briefcase, offered us something to read. (13) We already knew how he could read, how he could explain what he read, laugh with us, admire something, be amazed at the art of the writer and rejoice at what was to come. (14) So we listened to many passages from “War and Peace”, “The Captain’s Daughter”, several stories by Maupassant, an epic about Nightingale Budimirovich, another epic about Dobrynya Nikitich, a story about Grief-Misfortune, Krylov’s fables, Derzhavin’s odes and much, much more other. (15) I still love what I listened to back then as a child. (16) And at home, father and mother loved to read in the evenings. (17) We read for ourselves, and some of the passages we liked were read for us. (18) I remember how they read Leskov, Mamin-Sibiryak, historical novels - everything that they liked and gradually began to like us. (19) “Disinterested” but interesting reading is what makes you love literature and what broadens a person’s horizons.

(20) Know how to read not only for school answers and not only because everyone is reading this or that thing now - it’s fashionable. (21) Know how to read with interest and slowly. (22) Why is TV now partially replacing books? (23) Yes, because TV makes you watch some program slowly, sit comfortably so that nothing disturbs you, it distracts you from your worries, it dictates to you how to watch and what to watch. (24) But try to choose a book to your liking, take a break from everything in the world for a while, sit comfortably with a book, and you will understand that there are many books that you cannot live without, which are more important and more interesting than many programs. (25) I'm not saying: stop watching TV. (26) But I say: look with choice. (27) Spend your time on what is worthy of this waste. (28) Read more and read with the greatest choice. (29) Determine your choice yourself, taking into account the role that the book you have chosen has acquired in the history of human culture in order to become a classic. (30) This means that there is something significant in it. (31) Or maybe this essential for the culture of mankind will turn out to be essential for you too? (32) A classic work is one that has stood the test of time. (33) With him you will not waste your time. (34) But the classics cannot answer all the questions of today. (35) Therefore, we must read modern literature. (36) Just don’t rush to every fashionable book. (37) Don't be vain. (38) After all, vanity forces a person to recklessly spend the largest and most precious capital that he possesses - his time.

(According to D.S. Likhachev)

Introduction

Reading is a source of knowledge. With the help of reading, we can obtain information from the distant past, feel the inner state of a poet or writer who creates highly artistic works.

Recently, the book has been greatly replaced by the latest technologies - more and more often you can see people with tablets and phones. But the feeling when you are completely immersed in what is written, inhaling the smell of paper, experiencing all their sorrows and joys with the characters is incomparable to anything.

Problem

D.S. Likhachev states the problem of attitudes towards reading, which is becoming less and less significant for modern people. We are talking specifically about reading works of fiction.

A comment

The author says that there is nothing more beautiful than leisurely reading of literary works. Literature captures the incredible experiences of people in various situations. It helps to understand people, understand the motivations of others, the human soul, it makes us wiser.

You can realize the full benefits of the process only through careful reading, which gives you the opportunity to take a closer look at the details. If you didn’t manage to read the book correctly, then you should re-read it several times.

In the life of every person there should be a work to which he will turn in times of difficulties and doubts, which he will quote while in noisy companies for general amusement or to defuse the atmosphere.

You should choose reading only according to your own taste, without relying on fashion, so as not to waste valuable time.

The author recalls his literature teacher, who taught his students the mystery of reading and gave them the joy of communicating with a book. This was a particularly valuable experience, since his training took place during the war, and the teacher was often forced to be absent from classes due to the construction of trenches or work in a factory. The works read in Leonid Vladimirovich’s lessons became the author’s favorites for the rest of his life.

A significant role in the formation of a love of reading is played by parents, who, by their example, should show their child’s attitude towards the book, re-read interesting points together, and discuss.

For those who absolutely do not know what to read, the author recommends turning to the classics, which have stood the test of time and cannot be useless. To understand modern reality, it is worth reading contemporary authors.

Author's position

D.S. Likhachev calls on you to be attentive when reading, not to be wasted on the opinions of the crowd, and not to chase fashion. The main thing is that reading should evoke a pleasant feeling, so it is important to take a comfortable position, choose a time when no one will disturb you and you have nowhere to rush. Only then will you be able to gain true knowledge and emotions.

Your position

Argument No. 1

In the novel in verse by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" the main character Tatyana is passionate about reading. She reads novels that her mother loved and is interested in sentimental works. She is no less interested in philosophical works. After meeting Eugene Onegin, Tatyana begins to be attracted to the more serious works of Rousseau and Byron.

Spending long winter evenings leisurely reading, a girl receives as many emotions and impressions as we probably don’t get after watching the most exciting film.

Argument No. 2

Another heroine of Russian literature is Sonya Marmeladova from the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment also puts reading at the center of his life. Her favorite book is the Bible. She turns to her in moments of doubt and emotional distress.

When she reads the legend of the resurrection of Lazarus for Raskolnikov, she delves into the reading so much that a trembling permeates her entire flesh. After reading it, Raskolnikov begins to think about a lot of things.

Conclusion

Reading cannot be replaced by anything. Neither watching films, nor listening to audio books, much less retelling a work can fully give an idea of ​​the contents of the book.

The role of literature in the life of one person and in the history of all mankind is very great, it is difficult to overestimate it.

It is the problem of the role of books in human life that the Soviet and Russian philologist, art critic and author of the text I read, Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev, reflects on.

The aesthetic problem put forward by Dmitry Sergeevich is especially relevant in our time. Many people now prefer to watch TV rather than read a book. And this cannot but cause anxiety in the writer (sentences 22 and 23). This situation occurs due to “disinterested” reading, that is, such reading when a person reads what supposedly needs to be read or what is fashionable. But if he finds the book that he likes, the one that he chose himself, he will understand that reading is much more interesting than watching television (sentence 24).

Likhachev is deeply convinced that literature makes a person intelligent and developed. He encourages us to read more, but not just for the sake of it, but with the greatest interest.

To prove my point, I will give an example from fiction.

The main character of Jack London's "Martin Eden" was greatly influenced by literature. From an uneducated sailor he grew(??) into a famous writer. And, of course, books helped him on this difficult path of life.

Let me give you another example. Books serve not only as a source of various information, but also as an assistant in the formation of a person’s moral qualities. So, for example, Andrei Bolkonsky from the work

L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" was the book that helped in the search for the meaning of life and oneself.

Thus, we can conclude that a book is man's best friend.

Option 2

“Reading is the best teaching,” wrote A. S. Pushkin back in 1822. But even today this statement remains undeniable. Books are still loved and revered among intelligent people.

Academician D.S. Likhachev discusses the problem of the influence of books on a person’s personality in one of the chapters of his work “Letters about the Good and the Beautiful.”

The author treats literature with love and respect. Being an intelligent person, Dmitry Sergeevich is confident that a good book can not only interest a person, but also influence him in the best way. According to the writer, “literature gives us a colossal, extensive and profound experience of life.” Dmitry Sergeevich encourages young people to read, to comprehend life with the help of books, because they are the ones who “make a person intelligent.”

I completely share Dmitry Sergeevich’s position. Indeed, books, like nothing else in the world, can influence a person’s personality.

It is worth remembering the sailor Martin Eden from the novel of the same name by D. London. The books transformed the protagonist from a half-educated sailor into a budding writer. He achieved the heights he aspired to, largely thanks to reading. And it was literature that helped Martin destroy the barrier dividing society into classes.

I believe that the influence of a book can be both beneficial and destructive. I found confirmation of this idea in O. Wilde’s novel “The Picture of Dorian Gray.” The vile and immoral Sir Henry decides to have fun: to liken the pure-hearted young man Dorian to himself. And this nightmarish transformation begins with reading the book that Sir Henry recommended to the young man. The pages of this psychological sketch played a fatal role in the life of the protagonist: it was this terrible book that made Dorian lose all understanding of the boundaries of reason. This was followed by the moral decay of the hero...

To summarize, we can confidently say that the book not only occupies an important place in a person’s life, but also takes a direct part in shaping his worldview.

Option 3

D. S. Likhachev is a famous Soviet and Russian philologist, art critic, and screenwriter. His works instill in us a reverent attitude towards books. What is the role of books in a person's life? This is the problem that D.S. Likhachev raises in the proposed text.

Many heroes of works become ideals for us, and we try to fully correspond to them. From books we learn about events that happened hundreds of years ago. Books make people intelligent and wise.

Literature played a huge role in the development of the main character of A. S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin”. During her life, Tatyana Larina read a huge number of books. They instilled in her a love for the Motherland and nature, firmness of conviction and wisdom, and loyalty to loved ones. Thus, Tatyana, even in her youth, began to understand life and was able to overcome all its difficulties.

Another book lover is Arthur Gray from A. Green’s work “Scarlet Sails”. It was from books that he learned about captains and sailors. Gray wanted to be like these people in every possible way. Thanks to reading, the hero was able to choose the right path in life and realize his dream.

After reading the text, I come to the following conclusion: books are the most valuable source of knowledge, a guide to life for everyone. Therefore, let us also turn to the works of great authors more often.

The main (but, of course, not the only) way of one’s intellectual development is reading.

Reading should not be random. This is a huge waste of time, and time is the greatest value that cannot be wasted on trifles. You should read according to the program, of course, without strictly following it, moving away from it where additional interests for the reader appear. However, with all deviations from the original program, it is necessary to draw up a new one for yourself, taking into account the new interests that have arisen.

Reading, in order to be effective, must interest the reader. An interest in reading in general or in certain branches of culture must be developed in oneself. Interest can be largely the result of self-education.

Creating reading programs for yourself is not so easy, and this should be done in consultation with knowledgeable people, with existing reference guides of various types.

The danger of reading is the development (conscious or unconscious) of a tendency towards “diagonal” viewing of texts or various types of speed reading methods.

“Speed ​​reading” creates the appearance of knowledge. It can be allowed only in certain types of professions, being careful not to create the habit of speed reading; it leads to attention disorders.

Have you noticed how great an impression is made by those works of literature that are read in a calm, leisurely and unhurried environment, for example on vacation or during some not very complex and non-distracting illness?

Literature gives us a colossal, vast and profound experience of life. It makes a person intelligent, develops in him not only a sense of beauty, but also understanding - an understanding of life, all its complexities, serves as a guide to other eras and to other peoples, opens the hearts of people to you. In a word, it makes you wise.

If you didn’t read the work carefully the first time, read it again, for the third time. A person should have favorite works, which he turns to repeatedly, which he knows in detail, which he can remind others about in the right environment and thereby either lift the mood, or defuse the situation (when irritation against each other accumulates), or make them laugh, or simply express your attitude towards what happened to you or someone else.

My literature teacher taught me “disinterested” reading at school. I studied in the years when teachers were often forced to be absent from classes - either they were digging trenches near Leningrad, or they had to help some factory, or they were simply sick. Leonid Vladimirovich (that was the name of my literature teacher) often came to class when the other teacher was absent, casually sat down on the teacher’s table and, taking books out of his briefcase, offered us something to read. We already knew how he could read, how he could explain what he read, laugh with us, admire something, be amazed at the art of the writer and rejoice at what was to come.

So we listened to many passages from “War and Peace”, “The Captain’s Daughter”, several stories by Maupassant, an epic about Nightingale Budimirovich, another epic about Dobrynya Nikitich, a story about Grief-Misfortune, Krylov’s fables, Derzhavin’s odes and much, much more. I still love what I listened to back then as a child. And at home, father and mother loved to read in the evenings. We read for ourselves, and some of the passages we liked were read for us. We read Leskov, Mamin-Sibiryak, historical novels - everything that they liked and that we gradually began to like.

“Disinterested” but interesting reading is what makes you love literature and what broadens a person’s horizons.

Know how to read not only for school answers and not only because everyone is reading this or that thing now - it’s fashionable. Know how to read with interest and slowly.

Why is TV now partially replacing books? Yes, because TV forces you to slowly watch some program, sit comfortably so that nothing disturbs you, it distracts you from your worries, it dictates to you how to watch and what to watch.

But try to choose a book to your liking, take a break from everything in the world for a while, sit comfortably with a book, and you will understand that there are many books that you cannot live without, which are more important and more interesting than many programs. I'm not saying stop watching TV. But I say: look with choice. Spend your time on things that are worth spending. Read more and read with greater choice. Determine your choice yourself, depending on the role the book you have chosen has acquired in the history of human culture in order to become a classic. This means that there is something significant in it. Or maybe this essential for the culture of mankind will be essential for you too?

A classic is one that has stood the test of time. With him you won't waste your time. But the classics cannot answer all the questions of today. Therefore, it is necessary to read modern literature. Don't just jump at every trendy book. Don't be fussy. Vanity causes a person to recklessly spend the largest and most precious capital he has - his time.