EntranceNursery tales. Folklore - folk wisdom
III. Small genres of folklore. Lullabies, nurseries, sayings, tongue twisters, riddles, counting rhymes, upside-down fables. Variable nature of folklore
Depending on what program the students studied in elementary school, the lesson material may be repeated or may be largely new to the students. In any case, the lesson will become a generalization of their personal life experience, on which the teacher will rely in his work.
Children will easily understand that small genres of folklore- These are small-sized folklore works.
Some works use the term children's folklore. Folklore for children and folklore for children are often confused, so we suggest not using this term.
Further work can be structured as follows: read the textbook article paragraph by paragraph, after each paragraph write down in notebooks the definitions of folklore genres given in the textbook formulated by the children with the help of the teacher, give examples and refer to the personal experience of children who will remember the works of the genres named in the article .
^ Lullaby - a song used to lull a child to sleep. In it, the mother often sang about how she imagined the future of the baby. This future will definitely be filled with work - in the field, in the forest, in the house 3 :
Even the hard summer suffering is called “cheerful”:
In lullabies, mothers often promised happiness and wealth to their children.
Mothers are always worried about the health of their child, so often in songs they turned to an invisible and powerful creature, which was called Slumber or Sleep. Sometimes in songs, Sleep and Dream are doubles who argue about who is better at putting the child to sleep and giving him a healthy sleep:
- Do you remember lullabies in which mothers sing about Sleep and Drowsiness?
A whole cycle of lullabies is associated with the life of a domestic cat.
- Remember the lullabies about the cat.
The mother's singing depended on the rocking of the cradle, on its rhythmic movement, so in a lullaby it is very important rhythm.
- What is the most common refrain in lullabies? How does it help maintain rhythm?
When a child is doused with water after bathing, they say:
| * The water is flowing, |
When a child begins to learn to walk, they say:
| * Legs, legs, |
Nursery rhyme - a song-sentence that accompanies playing with a child’s fingers, arms and legs. Nursery rhymes accompany the growth and development of children. The most famous of them are “Horned Goat”, “Ladushki”, “Magpie”.
Let's invite the children to remember the nursery rhymes and nursery rhymes they know. Here the teacher, having heard several different versions of “Ladushki” from the children, can explain that works of folklore can have many different versions.
joke - a poem similar to a short fairy tale that a nanny or mother tells to her child. Jokes are funny stories about how a jackdaw gallops through a spruce forest, how Thomas rode on a chicken, how a hen in boots sweeps a hut, how a cat quarreled with a cat. All children know jokes.
Zaklik - a short poem that was called out while participating in the rituals of the calendar cycle. When they called for spring, they shouted:
They often turned to rain, sun, rainbows, and birds. If there was no rain for a long time, they shouted:
If at the same time a rainbow appeared in the sky, then it was believed that the request was heard.
Sentence - a short poem that is recited on different occasions, for example, addressing living creatures - a snail, a ladybug, birds, pets. They get rid of water that has poured into their ears by jumping and saying a sentence. While swimming, they dive on the last words of the sentence. Using a sentence, they ask the cuckoo how many years to live.
Counting book - a short rhyme that is used to determine who is driving in the game. There are number counting rhymes, replacement counting rhymes and abstruse counting rhymes.
NUMBER COUNTERS
^
ABSOLUTE COUNTERS
Patter
is a poem that specifically contains words that are difficult to pronounce.
Mystery
- an expression that needs to be solved. Coming up with riddles means finding important, interesting, unusual things in phenomena and objects. Finding answers means identifying an object or phenomenon by signs, actions and similarities.
The role of riddles and jokes played simultaneously fables-shifters
, For example:
Children know enough counting rhymes, tongue twisters and riddles and will tell them in class. Tongue twisters are especially important now, at the beginning of the school year, when children’s articulation is not clear enough. It would be advisable for some time to begin each lesson by recording and learning a new tongue twister. This type of work significantly improves students’ reading technique, develops memory and sense of humor, and teaches them to correctly intonate using the capabilities of their voice.
^ Let's draw conclusions
Works of oral folk art are the richness and decoration of our speech. They were created by the people and passed on from mouth to mouth. Since ancient times, people have preserved and passed on folk wisdom in short and expressive proverbs and sayings. Ancient lullabies are filled with maternal love. They communicated with a small child using pestles and nursery rhymes: he was entertained and taught at the same time. Then the baby learned nicknames and sentences. In order for the child to distinguish objects by signs or actions, riddles were given to him. Riddles test a person's intelligence. In order for the child to speak well and clearly, they learned tongue twisters (which were otherwise called purely speaking). The children used funny counting rhymes in their games.
Oral folk art already existed when writing had not yet been invented. Fairy tales, riddles, proverbs and other works of folklore were passed on from mouth to mouth. They memorized them by ear. When books appeared, works of oral folk art continued to live among the people. When a person remembers something from hearing, then, when telling others, he can slightly change the original version and add something of his own. Therefore, in different parts of our country the same folk songs, proverbs, nursery rhymes and rhymes are performed slightly differently.
^
Homework
Complete the written assignment of the rubric “Enriching oral speech” (p. 8 of the textbook).
On a separate piece of paper, write one tongue twister you found yourself and draw a picture for it. (The teacher will use these recordings in future lessons.)
^ RUSSIAN FOLK TALES
8 OCLOC'K
Lesson 3
Fairy tales as a type of folk prose. Moral and philosophical nature of fairy tales. Tales about animals, magic, everyday tales
^
II. Fairy tales as a type of folk prose. Moral and philosophical nature of fairy tales
Reading a textbook article (p. 8-10) and collectively drafting the outline for this article.
- What is a fairy tale?
Let's write down the definition of a fairy tale in a notebook.
^
A fairy tale is an entertaining story about extraordinary events and adventures.
III. Tales about animals, magic, everyday tales
Teacher's word, heuristic conversation
- Let's now go back a hundred to a hundred and fifty years ago, or maybe more, and imagine a storyteller or storyteller. Not only children, but also adults loved fairy tales. Imagine, for example, a winter hut in the taiga, and in the winter hut there are several hunters and commercial hunters. They trade furs. In the mornings they disperse through the forest to set traps and check them, and in the evening they gather in the hut. And in the hut, an old man is waiting for them, whom young and strong men took with them to the taiga not just like that, but for the sake of his wonderful fairy tales. He stays in the hut on the farm, and in the evening he tells fairy tales to the tired workers. When such fishermen returned home to their hometown or village, they sold the furs and divided the money, and the old storytellers were given an equal share with everyone else: such was the respect for people who owned the secret of the word.
The storytellers knew from memory many epics called old men, historical songs, nursery rhymes, jokes, various fairy tales - both magical and everyday, and tales about animals. When the researchers began to write them down, it turned out that one person remembered by heart an entire volume equal in the number of lines to Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey combined.
For different days, for different occasions, storytellers reserved special tales. For example, the fishermen quarreled among themselves. And a quarrel in the winter quarters is a very dangerous thing. People are cut off from the world, as if in a spaceship, without communication with the Earth. There is an urgent need to reconcile the disputants and defuse the situation. You can't do without a storyteller here.
- What kind of tales do you think the storyteller will tell in case of a quarrel? Why?
After reflection, the children will come to the conclusion: everyday fairy tales, that is, those in which a greedy, stingy, stupid and vindictive person always gets into trouble.
The fishermen will laugh, you see, and the evil will go away as if it had never happened.
- What intonation do you think the narrator will choose?
You can offer definitions to choose from: crafty, ironic, wise, reconciling, calming.
- Imagine that one of the hunters returned annoyed: the animal cleverly deceived him, stole the bait from the trap, and left. Experienced hunters will begin to remember incidents that happened to them while hunting. And our old storyteller is ready to amuse the men - with what fairy tale?
Children will guess: a fairy tale about animals - about a cunning fox, a simpleton wolf, a cowardly hare and a simple-minded bear.
- What will the intonation be this time?
Cheerful, good-natured, sly, intonation of surprise, mocking, calm.
- Now let’s imagine a winter hut again. A dense forest covered with snow. In the forest there is a hut, in the hut there is a stove-heater, which is heated in black, in the middle there is a table, along the walls there are benches, under the ceiling there is a bed. They slept on benches and on tents and dined at the table. Winter is long. The winterers are tired, they want to go home, to their wives, to their children. Tired of the same food, tired of the same pictures, the same people. I want summer, beauty, relaxation and love. The fishermen returned in the evening, had dinner, lay down, silent. I don’t want to tell anyone, my soul is sick. Which fairy tale will the storyteller choose this time? In what voice will he begin to tell it?
Children will understand that in such cases a fairy tale is needed, told with intonations of surprise and admiration for the wealth, beauty and wonders of the world. A fairy tale will help you forget the burden of everyday worries, transport your thoughts to wonderful worlds full of magical beauties, talking animals and scarlet flowers, to worlds where love lives and justice triumphs.
Let's look at a small table in the textbook ( With. 10), which provides examples of different types of fairy tales. Let's invite the children to complete this table (orally).
Animal Tales:“Fox with a rolling pin”, “Cat and fox”, “Fox and jug”, “Crane and heron”.
Everyday tales:“The Soldier and the Queen”, “How the Priest Hired a Worker”, “How a Man Divided the Geese”, “The Boiled Axe”.
Fairy tales:“Finist the Clear Falcon”, “Ivan Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf”, “Three Kingdoms”, “Vasilisa the Wise”.
Let's look at the illustrations, read excerpts from fairy tales and name these fairy tales (pages 11-12 of the textbook): “Frost”, “Cockerel - a golden comb”, “Geese-swans”, “At the command of the pike”.
The teacher can refer to the students' reading experience and ask:
- Which artists’ illustrations for Russian fairy tales do you especially like?
Since fifth-graders rarely pay attention to the names of illustrators, we will ask them to read the names of the artists whose illustrations are included in the textbook. It would be nice to bring several illustrated collections of Russian fairy tales to class. As a rule, children like illustrations by Ivan Bilibin most of all. Children say that this artist best conveys the mystery and antiquity of Russian folk tales.
^
Homework
Prepare a retelling of the textbook article according to plan (p. 8-10).
Individual task (advanced)
For lesson 7, we invite two or three students to prepare stories about I. Bilibin and V. Vasnetsov, about their work related to Russian folklore Application).
Lesson 4
"Princess Frog"
^I.Articulation warm-up, checking homework
We'll start the lesson by learning one of the tongue twisters suggested by the children. You can ask a prepared student to write a tongue twister on the board during recess, and then present it to the class.
We listen to a retelling of the textbook article according to the plan drawn up in the previous lesson.
- What types of fairy tales do you know? Give examples.
II. "Princess Frog"
- What do you know about how to tell or read a fairy tale?
Students will name special expressiveness, melodiousness, mystery.
The teacher reads the fairy tale “The Frog Princess” retold by M. A. Bulatov (p. 13-25). Reading the full text of the tale takes 18-20 minutes.
Then the students take turns reading the fairy tale aloud, trying to accurately reproduce the fairy tale intonations. This is not as easy as it seems at first glance. A whole generation of children has grown up for whom the characters of American cartoons are closer to home than the heroes of Russian fairy tales. In many families, children are not read aloud or told fairy tales or nursery rhymes. If once upon a time children absorbed fairy-tale intonations with their mother’s milk, now many cannot even imagine what it is. Primary schools often cannot correct this state of affairs. We ask the teacher to pay attention mainly not to the children’s reading technique, but to the reproduction of fairy-tale intonations. We warn the children that they will have to read the fairy tale aloud at home.
^
Homework
Prepare an expressive reading of the fairy tale “The Frog Princess” (you can start from the moment you stopped at in the lesson until the end).
Prepare answers to questions 2-3 (p. 26).
Lesson 5
"Princess Frog". Folk morality in the character and actions of the heroes. The image of a sorceress bride. The rhythm of a fairy tale
^I.Articulation warm-up
The children will have to read aloud during the lesson, so we’ll start the work with a warm-up - by saying a tongue twister.
^
II. "Princess Frog". Folk morality in the character and actions of the heroes. The image of a sorceress bride. The rhythm of a fairy tale
Conversation
- What phrase does the fairy tale begin with? In what other fairy tales have you come across this expression? Do you know what this beginning of a fairy tale is called?
Usually children from the elementary school course know what a saying, beginning and ending are. Please note that there are no sayings in our version of the fairy tale, but the beginning and ending are traditional.
If these terms are unfamiliar to children, you can turn to theoretical material (p. 12-13).
- Who are the main characters of the fairy tale? Why is the fairy tale called “The Frog Princess”, although she is not the only heroine of this fairy tale? (2nd question in the textbook, With. 26.)
The fairy tale is called “The Frog Princess” because the first and main miracle, the magic of this fairy tale is the meeting of Ivan Tsarevich with Vasilisa the Beautiful, bewitched by her own father. The angry Koschey the Immortal turned his daughter into a frog, and she picked up the arrow of the younger prince.
- How did the king suggest that his children look for brides for themselves?
After the students answer the question, the teacher will ask them to read expressively, and then retell the passage about how the brothers shot arrows, with the words: “The brothers went out into their father’s wide yard...”.
It is important when reading to feel the rhythm of the passage and maintain this rhythm when retelling. Let's continue the conversation.
- Why do you think the king told Ivan Tsarevich to take a frog as his wife?
- Look at I. Bilibin’s illustration for the fairy tale (p. 15). What do you like about this illustration? What feelings of the prince did the artist manage to convey?
- So the frog became the wife of Ivan Tsarevich. What tasks did the king give to his daughters-in-law?
- How did the frog console Ivan Tsarevich?
- How do Tsar Vasilisa the Wise and the wives of the senior princes carry out the tasks?
Let us dwell with our students on the description of how Vasilisa the Wise bakes bread: “She took fine sieves...” Let us read this paragraph expressively and ask:
- What's special about this description?
Children will hear rhythm in it. In the textbook (p. 27) There is a rhythmic recording of this passage, but it will be better if the children try to do it themselves.
Working in their notebooks and on the board under the guidance of the teacher, they will write the passage as blank verse, and this work will help them develop an understanding of rhythm. If children write very slowly, you can prepare the text in advance and collectively read it rhythmically.
- Compare the descriptions of how the wives of the senior princes wove carpets and the description of the work of Vasilisa the Wise.
Students will note that mothers and nannies rushed to help the wives of the senior princes, while Vasilisa worked herself. The teacher should not emphasize this topic, because in other versions of fairy tales, Vasilisa’s assistants do the work for her.
- Make a rhythmic recording or say rhythmically a description of how Vasilisa wove the carpet.
- How does the king evaluate the work of his daughters-in-law? What does he approve of, what does he condemn?
We invite students to read expressively the description of the feast from the words: “The next day, when it was time to go to the feast...” - to the words: “She said, turned into a white swan and flew out the window.” (p. 18-20 textbook).
^
- Look at the reproduction of V. Vasnetsov’s painting “Feast” (p. 19 of the textbook).
If possible, it would be interesting to compare this picture with the illustration made for this episode of the fairy tale by I. Bilibin.
Bilibin's illustrations framed by floral patterns very accurately reflect the content of the fairy tale. We can see the details of the heroes’ costumes, the expressions on the faces of the surprised boyars, and even the pattern on the kokoshniks of the daughters-in-law. Vasnetsov in his picture does not dwell on the details, but perfectly conveys the movement of Vasilisa, the passion of the musicians, who seem to be stamping their feet to the beat of a dance song. We can guess that the music to which Vasilisa dances is cheerful and mischievous. When you look at this picture you feel the character of a fairy tale.
- Why do people call Vasilisa the Wise? What qualities do the people glorify in the image of Vasilisa?
^III.Independent work
- Find examples of a special tale in the text and write 1-2 examples in a column, like a poem.
If there is no time left in class, you can give this task at home.
Examples
The passage about the glomerulus can be written as follows:
This fragment conveys the rhythm, duration and inevitability of the action.
The words about how the prince found the needle convey the speed and dynamics of the event:
^
Homework
Prepare answers to questions 5-6 of the textbook (p. 26).
Lesson 6
Ivan Tsarevich is the winner of everyday adversity. Helper animals. The special role of wonderful opponents - Baba Yaga, Koshchei the Immortal. Victory of good over evil. Poetics of a fairy tale. Constant epithets, repetitions. The figurative nature of the formulas of a fairy tale
^I.Articulation warm-up
We write down a new tongue twister on the board and in a notebook, achieving clarity and good articulation when pronouncing it.
II. Ivan Tsarevich - winner of everyday adversity. Helper animals. The special role of miraculous opponents - ^
Baba Yagas, Koshchei the Immortal. Victory of good over evil
Conversation
Why was Koschey angry with Vasilisa the Wise and ordered her to be a frog for three years?
- How did Ivan Tsarevich equip himself to search for his wife? What did he take with him, what did he put on?
- Who helped Ivan Tsarevich?
- Let’s look at I. Bilibin’s illustrations in the textbook (p. 22, 23). What meetings did the artist depict?
- The old man, his ball and animals are magical helpers. In what other fairy tales have you met magical helpers? What are they?
^
Expressive reading
We invite students to role-play a story about the difficult path of Ivan Tsarevich (from the words: “A ball is rolling along the high mountains...” - to the end of the tale, With. 21-25). Let's distribute the roles. Let's say that someone gets to read only one or two phrases, but they must be able to read them so that they do not fall out of the general rhythm of the fairy tale. We train the ability to follow the reading of comrades and enter on time, maintaining the rhythm and intonation of the previous reader.
Then we will continue the conversation.
- Why was the path of Ivan Tsarevich so long and difficult?
The following answer is possible: the prince showed impatience and prematurely, without the permission of his wife, burned the frog’s skin, because he was very annoyed to hear his brothers’ ridicule. He thought about himself, and not about the reasons that forced Vasilisa the Wise to wear this skin. Because he showed impatience, he had to wander for a long time, wear out two pairs of iron boots, devour two iron loaves, endure cold and hunger in order to learn to think not only about himself, but also about those around him, to feel sorry for and understand them.
- What did the meeting with Baba Yaga teach Ivan Tsarevich? How did he manage to defeat Koshchei the Immortal?
- How do people express their deepest desires in fairy tales? Why does good triumph over evil in fairy tales?
^
Literature and visual arts
- Look at the drawing for the fairy tale by Palekh artist A. Kurkin (in the textbook). Do you like him? What is special about this drawing? What scenes are depicted on it?
The Palekh craft arose in the old days, when there were many churches in the country, the people believed in God, and there were always icons in every house.
Residents of Palekh were engaged in icon painting and fresco painting; they developed an original style and glorified their town throughout the country. After the October Revolution of 1917, the Bolshevik government actively intervened in religious life, many churches were destroyed, and atheism, that is, disbelief in God, was propagated. Then the artists of Palekh, wanting to preserve the creative achievements of their fathers and grandfathers, organized an artel for the production of lacquer miniatures, which won love all over the world for their beauty and originality. They began to cover products made of papier-mâché with a black background, and on it with the finest brushes they painted pictures with bright, clean, sunny colors, preserving and creatively rethinking the traditions of Russian icon painting. Religious subjects were replaced by subjects from folk life, from works of folklore and Russian literature.
In the drawing by the Palekh artist A. Kurkin we see an image of a feast scene when Vasilisa the Wise dances with Ivan Tsarevich. The composition from below is limited by the image of beautiful swans floating on the waves, on the right and left - by multi-colored columns (columns), against which Ivan Tsarevich's brothers sitting on chairs leaned. From above we see the blue patterned domes of the tower, decorated with kokoshniks; a feast is being held in this tower. Tree crowns rise above the poppies; These are conditional trees: looking at them, we cannot say what kind of plants they are, but the painter does not achieve this. It is important for him to emphasize the fabulousness of the image.
On Russian icons it often happens that a saint is depicted in the center, and on the sides, above and below we see hagiography, that is, finely written scenes from the life of a saint, showing the main stages of his path to God on earth.
In the miniature “The Frog Princess” at the top, above the domes, we see three scenes from the fairy tale: Ivan Tsarevich near the hut on chicken legs - on the left; on a white horse with a sword - on the right; in the center - Ivan Tsarevich and Vasilisa the Wise return home on a magic carpet.
The composition of the miniature is extremely expressive. On it we see eighteen human figures, each of which is carefully painted. The largest depictions are of Ivan Tsarevich and Vasilisa the Wise: holding hands, they triumph and dance joyfully. The poses of the sitting brothers show surprise and admiration for the wonderful dance. To the right and left of the dancing couple are the wives of the brothers, bowing their heads, who envy Vasilisa the Wise. On the left are three smaller figures - musicians with a balalaika, a horn and a harp. On the right is a scene at a feast. In the middle, at a table on which there are dishes and cups, the king sits on a throne, guarded by two guards in bright blue caftans. The king, rising from the table, looks at the dance in amazement.
The main feature of all the depicted figures is that they do not exist on their own, but are subordinated to one idea - dance; they all seem to be attracted to the main figures - Ivan Tsarevich and Vasilisa the Wise.
The coloring of Palekh miniatures will forever be remembered. The great 15th century painter Dionysius used the same pure colors in his frescoes when painting Russian churches. On a black background, the colors look brighter, they seem to glow and give the audience warmth and joy.
^
III. Poetics of a fairy tale. Constant epithets, repetitions. The figurative nature of the formulas of a fairy tale
Practical work
- While reading the fairy tale, we noticed that some phenomena and events are repeated three times. Number three in ancient times it was considered a magical number, which is why in fairy tales there are often three brothers, events are repeated three times, etc.
- What threefold repetitions of actions or phenomena did we encounter in the fairy tale “The Frog Princess”?
Students will be happy to name the repetitions.
- You have already noticed that fairy tale storytelling is special. You and I have seen the rhythm of the fairy tale. Another feature of fairy tale speech is repetitions (not to be confused with repetitions!): if we read lived, which means the next word will be were; if there is a fairy tale path, then this is mandatory path-path. Let's look for examples of such repetitions in the fairy tale.
Repetitions:
once upon a time; frog frog; thought and thought; kingdom-state; bone stubs (showered); searched, searched; cunning-wise; walked-walked; lies and dies; pike fish; find-search.
Let's find out if elementary school students are familiar with the term epithet. If not, let's say that epithet is an artistic definition of an object. The definition will be relevant for us permanent epithet (p. 12 of the textbook). Let's read it and invite you to remember:
- What other constant epithets have you come across in fairy tales?
Students will name several of the most common constant epithets: gray wolf, open field, dense forest.
- Find and name (write down) constant epithets from the fairy tale “The Frog Princess.”
^
Constant epithets:
tight bows, wild head (hung), flying birds, prowling animals, a red maiden, clear sun, oak tables, patterned tablecloths, white swans, high mountains, dense forests, dark forests, green meadows, swampy swamps, open field, sharp arrow , blue sea, good fellow, red sun.
Formulas for fairy tales.
In “The Frog Princess” there are many words and expressions that are found specifically in Russian folk tales: I was amazed at the intricate patterns that I couldn’t tell in a fairy tale or describe with a pen.(see the section “Enriching oral speech”, With. 27). Thanks to these expressions, the fairy tale becomes especially beautiful. Let's look for such expressions with you. This will be our homework.
^
Homework
Find and write down expressions characteristic of a fairy tale.
Prepare a retelling of the fairy tale “The Frog Princess.”
Individual task
Depending on the level of literary development of the class, we will give two or three students the task of reading another version of the fairy tale “The Frog Princess,” for example, in the adaptation of A. N. Tolstoy 4
(see Appendix), and compare it with the text of the fairy tale as retold by M. A. Bulatov, given in the textbook.
Lesson 7
The figurative nature of the formulas of a fairy tale. Folk morality and poetics of a fairy tale. Variability of folk tales
Speech development lesson
^
I. The figurative nature of the formulas of a fairy tale
Checking homework
We listen to the reading of the formulas of a fairy tale written out by the students, discuss the meaning of some of them, for example: “Are you torturing or not? you're crying? (same root word slack off). Trying to determine whether the formula of a fairy tale is in front of them, children will be guided not by knowledge of a large number of fairy tales and their comparative analysis, but by linguistic intuition; we will appeal to her.
He returned... sadly, with his head hung below his shoulders.
How can I not be sad?
Better go to bed and get some rest: the morning is wiser than the evening.
...neither to say in a fairy tale, nor to describe with a pen!
...call mothers, nannies and red girls...
...neither think nor guess, except in a fairy tale!
...for oak tables, for patterned tablecloths.
...look for me beyond distant lands, beyond distant seas, in the thirtieth kingdom, in the sunflower state, near Koshchei the Immortal.
Whether it’s long or short, whether it’s close or far away - soon the fairy tale is told, but it’s not soon that the deed is done...
- Don't kill me, Ivan Tsarevich! I'll be useful to you someday.
That little hut stands on chicken legs and turns around.
- Hut-hut, become no-old, as my mother put it: back to the forest, front to me.
...on the stove, on the ninth brick, lies Baba Yaga - a bone leg, her teeth are on the shelf, and her nose is rooted in the ceiling.
Baba Yaga steamed him in the bathhouse, gave him something to drink, fed him, and put him to bed...
... Koschey the Immortal died and crumbled into dust.
And they began to live together, in love and harmony.
“Tongue twisters, sentences, counting rhymes, fables.”
(Extracurricular activity for 2nd grade)
Target:
Continued acquaintance of children with small genres of folklore.
Tasks:
Learn to pronounce tongue twisters,
To develop the ability to distinguish small genres of folklore,
Develop attention, logical thinking, memory.
Equipment:
Cards with nursery rhymes, lullabies, tongue twisters.
Progress of the event.
Organizing time.
Children listen to folk songs.
Y Y R
R R T O
B B U B
O O D
D B I V
Read these words from bottom to top. (Good beavers go to the forests).
What is this proposal called?
NOSHYUPAK ALIPUK UKNOSHUKUK AKSHUKUK
Can you guess what it is? Well, of course, these are tongue twisters.
What tongue twisters do you know?
What are tongue twisters for? - When you play tag, how do you determine who is driving?
What counting rhymes do you know?
Poem on the board:
A village was driving
Past the man.
Suddenly from under the dog
The gates are barking.
Bludgeon runs out
With a boy in my arms,
Aza nim sheepskin coat
With a woman on his shoulders.
The village shouted:
“The men are on fire!”
Sundresses in women
They rush to the fire.
Children laugh and enjoy the folk text.
Such verses are called fables.
Unravel the confusion. What is the mood of the poem now? (None).
What's missing? (Laughter, humor, cheerful mood).
A fable was invented for fun and laughter. Let's read the tales.
Cards are dealt one per desk. Children read their cards.
1. From the clatter of hooves
Dust flies across the field.
2. The fisherman was catching fish,
The entire catch went into the river.
3. We drove and drove
To the city for nuts.
4. Little chatterbox
The milk was chatting, chatting,
I didn’t blurt it out.
5. Over bumps, over bumps,
Yes, bang into the hole!
Squished forty flies!
6. An apple rolled past the garden,
Past the garden, past the hail.
Whoever picks it up will come out.
7. Rain, rain harder,
To make it more fun.
My geese are home
They are not afraid of thunder.
8. The horse is zealous, long-maned
Jumps through the fields, gallops through the fields.
Whoever catches the horse
He plays tag with us.
What genres of oral folk art have we met today?
What did you like and remember most?
Make up your own fable.
Annotation
"At Ivan's yard
The water caught fire.
The whole village put out the fire,
But the fire was not extinguished..."
Tales. Nursery rhymes. Proverbs and sayings. Tongue Twisters. Counting books
Tales
Cat and chicken
Proverbs and sayings
About skill and hard work
About laziness and carelessness
About nature
Tongue Twisters
Counting books
Tales. Nursery rhymes. Proverbs and sayings. Tongue Twisters. Counting books
Tales
At Ivanov's yard
The water caught fire.
The whole village put out the fire,
But the fire was not extinguished.
Grandfather Thomas came
Graying beard.
He drove the people into the barn,
One fire was put out.
How Thomas put out the fire,
He didn't say anything about it.
Only audible from the side:
He put out his beard!
Nursery rhymes
Cat and chicken
Cat on the window
Sews a shirt
Chicken in boots
Sweeps the hut.
Mice
The mice dance in circles
The cat is dozing on the bed.
Hush, mice, don't make noise,
Don't wake up Vaska the cat.
Vaska the cat will wake up,
It will break up the whole round dance.
Cockerel
Cockerel, cockerel,
golden comb,
Butterhead,
Silk beard!
Don't you let Vanya sleep?
Proverbs and sayings
About the Motherland
Do not spare your strength or your life for your Motherland.
The Motherland is your mother, know how to stand up for her.
Where there is courage, there is victory.
About friendship
If you don’t have a friend, look for him, but if you find him, take care of him.
All for one, one for all.
About skill and hard work
Business before pleasure.
Learning is the path to skill.
Patience and a little effort.
Measure seven times and cut once.
You can’t even pull a fish out of a pond without difficulty.
The sun paints the earth, and labor paints man.
About laziness and carelessness
If you hurry, you will make people laugh.
No water flows under a lying stone.
Don't be quick with your words, be quick with your actions.
If you do it hastily, you'll do it out of laughter.
About nature
Summer is provision, winter is tidy.
December ends the year and begins winter.
A lot of snow - a lot of bread,
a lot of water - a lot of grass.
The frost is not great, but it is not good to stand.
Spring is red with flowers, and autumn is red with sheaves.
Tongue Twisters
Grass in the yard, firewood on the grass.
Don't cut wood on the grass in your yard.
* * *
From the clatter of hooves, dust flies across the field.
* * *
The crow missed the crow.
Counting books
Ay, choo-choo, choo-choo, choo-choo,
I'm milking peas
I'm milking peas
On Ivanov Current.
The chicken is running towards me
The caulker is in a hurry.
Oh, she's running, she's in a hurry,
Does not say anything.
And a feather from a chicken
Flew far away
Oh, far, far away
Village on Ivanovo.
* * *
Zealous horse
Long-maned
Jumps across the field
The cornfield is jumping.
He'll catch him
Tag with us
* * *
The counting begins:
A jackdaw sat on a birch tree,
Two crows, a sparrow,
Three magpies, a nightingale.
* * *
Oh, you little dawn,
Evening dawn.
And who will find the dawn,
He'll go there too.
* * *
Bucket sun,
Look out the window!
Sunny, dress up!
Red, show yourself!
A little man gets acquainted with folklore from early childhood. From the first months of life, the baby hears the mother’s affectionate voice, catches its intonation, and learns to distinguish between moods. The dearest person in the world sings lullabies to the baby, and through them the baby feels the love and care with which the mother tenderly addresses him. As the child gets older, he learns funny poems by heart, remembers riddles and counting rhymes. All this shapes him as a person and helps him develop: memory, thinking, imagination, attention and speech are trained.
Children's folklore is an integral part of the life of every little person. Without it, the child does not develop as a person, and the development of the emotional sphere becomes impossible. After all, when a mother sings a lullaby to her baby, he reacts emotionally to it: he calms down, feels comfort and satisfaction. develop the child’s physical activity, help him join the group of peers, become part of it. Riddles contribute to the development of intellectual abilities.
The genres of children's folklore are known to everyone: all kinds of riddles, nursery rhymes, chants, counting rhymes, nursery rhymes... Their knowledge often becomes a kind of “pass” to the children's group: children often tell each other various horror stories, teasers, rhymes. That is why a child who does not attend kindergarten, but is raised at home, may not know what children pass on to each other, and in the future it becomes difficult for him to adapt among his peers. Folklore in kindergarten is its own, special reality, necessary for the full growth and development of the child.
Lullabies
A lullaby is the first thing a child encounters when he comes into this world. The baby does not yet know how to speak or understand the surrounding reality, but through a lullaby he becomes involved in this world. The mother's voice sounds kind and gentle. She reverently strokes her baby's head.
Never after will he experience such absolute love for himself as in early infancy, when he is loved not for some merit, but on his own, simply because he exists. This is what children's folklore can do. Lullabies lull the baby to sleep, giving a feeling of perfect peace, joy, happiness, and tranquility. The baby grows up happy, smiles often, and has rosy dreams.
Examples of children's lullabies:
Lyuli, lyuli lyulenki
The little ones have arrived,
The ghouls sat down on the bed,
The ghouls began to coo,
The ghouls began to coo,
They began to pump Dashenka,
They began to pump Dashenka,
Dasha began to fall asleep.
Sleep, my son, sleep
Lyuli, lyushenki, lyuli...
The night will soon pass,
The red sun will rise.
Fresh dewdrops will fall,
Flowers will grow in the field,
The spring garden will bloom,
The free bird will sing.
Lyuli, lyushenki, lyuli,
You, son, sleep soundly.
Bai-bai-baiushki,
Yes, the little bunnies galloped up,
Lyuli-lyuli-lyuliushki,
Yes, the goolushki have arrived.
The ghouls began to walk,
Yes, my darling began to fall asleep.
Pestushki
The meaning of the word “petushka” comes from “to nurture”, “to educate”. A mother who sings pestles to her baby performs various actions, shows where the baby’s leg is, where the arm is, and in fact quietly teaches him to understand signals from the outside world. Feeling the gentle touch of the mother's hands, the child simultaneously receives the emotional component of the interaction, and the spiritual, and informational. The more the mother pays attention to the baby, the better for his development, the sooner he will remember that his legs are needed to “stomp along the path”, and his arms can clap his hands loudly. Examples of children's folklore in the genre of pestles can be found in any children's books aimed at ages from several months to one and a half to two years.
Nursery rhymes
Nursery rhymes are known as a genre where an elementary game situation is created and some simple activity is played out. The purpose of nursery rhymes is to cheer up and get a response from the child.
For example, when playing “hands on” with a baby, the baby is required to perform simple actions - clapping. In addition, the child is sure to be in a better mood and laugh merrily. Folklore brings all these joyful emotions. In kindergarten, nursery rhymes can be used as an entertaining and educational activity, for example, after a nap, when you need to cheer up the kids. Nursery rhymes are intended for children from one and a half to three years old.
Examples of nursery rhymes:
The cockerel is coming,
cap on one side,
red beard,
bone head,
He gets up early himself
And doesn’t let others sleep,
Sitting on fences
Screams the most.
Cockerel, cockerel,
Golden comb!
Slept on straw
Got up early,
I walked along the water
I found a young girl
Young girl - good
She gave me boots.
He didn't have time to take them down,
As others began to ask.
At the market early in the morning
I bought a lamb bagel:
For lambs, for sheep
TEN poppy rings,
NINE dryers,
EIGHT buns,
SEVEN cakes,
SIX cheesecakes,
FIVE cakes,
FOUR crumpets,
THREE cakes,
TWO gingerbreads
And I bought ONE roll -
I didn’t forget about myself!
And for the little wife - sunflowers.
The turnip danced with the poppy,
And parsley with parsnips,
Corn with garlic
Our Tanya with a Cossack.
But I didn’t want carrots
Dance, dance,
Because I couldn't
Dance, dance.
Children's games
Children's folklore is quite diverse. Many people do not know that it can also include outdoor children’s games. Round dances, dances, dancing - these are all an integral part. As a rule, games involve a large crowd of children and are acceptable only in a children's group. Look, watch the kids, with what enthusiasm they play with each other!
Outdoor games often involve performing all sorts of sports exercises. Children willingly compete with each other in running, long and high jumps, and dancing. If you find the right approach to these activities and organize everything well, then children's folklore in the genre of games becomes quite an interesting and useful enterprise.
Teases and teases
What child has never heard rhymes like “Greedy Beef”? As soon as the baby enters kindergarten, he is bombarded with a whole bunch of different expressions and teases. Often they are used by children appropriately and inappropriately, only by coincidence. However, all this is children's folklore. Teasing teaches social communication, and they should not be banned, much less punish children for it. If you forbid them to use undershirts, the children will still come up with something of their own.
Oddly enough, poems like these help you feel like a socially significant person. It is much easier for a child to communicate with peers if he knows children's folklore. Teasers play the role of a kind of determinant, allowing you to understand how much a child fits into a group, knows how to get along in it and understands the laws of its existence. Thus, even the smallest child, finding himself in an unfamiliar group, will quickly figure out what’s what.
Puzzles
Russian children's folklore would not be so rich if there were no riddles among all its diversity. What could be more entertaining and unusual than solving rhyming (and sometimes not so rhyming) metaphorical expressions? Children love unusual and beautiful riddles dedicated to animals, nature, and household objects. This is how entertaining children's folklore can be! the children themselves, based on their own ideas about life and calling on their rich imagination to help. It is worth saying that children very quickly memorize the texts of various allegorical descriptions and deftly insert them when necessary.
Comic riddles are especially popular among children: they ask such “tricky” questions to each other with particular interest. Anyone who cannot answer must guess two or three more similar statements. This is the most intellectual type of oral folk art, representing children's folklore. Riddles are also common on the playground among peers, and they are found in classes in kindergarten. First of all, these miniatures develop attention, memory, stimulate imagination, the ability to think outside the box, and take a creative approach to solving a problem. Examples of children's folklore confirm this. Judge for yourself:
They drink milk, tea, juice (mug) from it.
This item helps people come to an agreement when they cannot see each other (telephone).
This item is needed to write beautiful inscriptions on paper (pencil, pen).
A riddle helps you learn new things and learn something. Eg:
She can’t speak herself, but she talks a lot (book).
What do you call a person who likes to idle? (lazy person).
Orange and ripe, all the kids are happy (orange).
The cloud is crying, and its tears are watering the earth (rain).
A pear is hanging - you can’t eat it (light bulb, chandelier, lamp).
Guards the house, does not allow strangers in (dog).
Like our friend has scratchy claws, who is he? (kitty)
Horror stories
Perhaps this is the most interesting topic among both primary schoolchildren and teenagers. It is known that children often like to scare their peers with incredible mysterious stories, after which they are afraid to fall asleep.
It's very funny and fun. Someone tells a story that makes your hands go cold and everything inside freezes, while everyone else listens and then “digests” what they heard for a long time after the story is completed. Children's folklore, manifested in the form of horror stories, is incredibly popular. The most interesting thing is that children always listen to such stories with pleasure, even if they cause fear in them.
Examples of children's horror stories:
1. Forest monster
In one forest a terrible monster appeared, which everyone was afraid of. Whether a mouse accidentally slips through the forest or a little gray hare runs by, a huge monster will definitely eat him. The big problem was that no one had ever seen this monster, and even if they came face to face with it, they never returned alive. It got to the point that the forest inhabitants were afraid to stick their noses out of their houses - this monster scared them so much. Aren't you afraid that a monster will suddenly come out of the forest and head into the city? Then you too will be in danger! The guys, of course, are cowards: who wants to fall into the clutches of a forest monster? They don’t leave the house again, they look around on the way to school: what if a forest monster is sneaking up behind them? The monster was never caught, or maybe it never existed?
2. Man-eating cat
Once upon a time there was a cat who loved to feast on people. It was huge, simply gigantic in size, and therefore could swallow a whole elephant, let alone a human. People, having heard about this evil animal, began to be afraid to go out late in the evening and at night, since it attacked exclusively at this time. Most often, such cases were observed during the full moon or shortly before its onset. At other times, no one had heard anything about the giant cat. His whereabouts were also unknown. The police were looking for the cat, various daredevils were hunting for him, but they failed to catch the “monster”. There was even talk that it was the devil himself who turned into a cat in order to cause evil. Can you imagine what it’s like to walk the streets and not be sure that you will return home alive today? Mothers began to hide their children, husbands and fathers armed themselves with pitchforks and one day went into the forest. They wanted to stand up for their families, whom the cannibal cat intended to destroy. For a long time they tried to find the vile animal, but it turned out to be difficult. The thing is that the cannibal cat was extremely cunning and deftly knew how to disguise himself: as soon as they approached him, he became invisible. The men challenged him to a fight, he hid and pretended that he was not there. They called him a coward and a scoundrel - the cat did not react at all. And one day this happened: an ordinary gray cat with dark markings on its chest somehow entered one of the houses and stole a piece of lard from the owner. When he was caught, he suddenly disappeared into thin air and disappeared. It was probably the cannibal cat...
Poetry
Children's poems also have many fans. Such wonderful children's authors as Agnia Barto, Samuil Marshak, Sergei Mikhalkov are known to everyone. The whole world loves their works and knows them by heart. Children easily remember funny rhyming lines that bring a smile and a good mood. Memorizing poetry trains brain activity, develops memory, thinking, imagination, attention and speech. Small genres of children's folklore are especially loved by children.
Examples of children's poems:
THINK THINK...
This is Vovka, what an eccentric!
He sits gloomy
He tells himself this:
"Think, Vovka, think!"
Will climb into the attic
Or rushes, what an eccentric,
To the far corner of the garden;
He tells himself this:
“You have to think, you have to think!”
He believes that from thoughts
His mind matures.
And Marusya, she is five years old,
Asks Vovka for advice
And say: in how many days
Is the mind getting smarter?
Mom is sleeping, she is tired...
Well, I didn’t play!
I don't start a top
And I sat down and sat.
My toys don't make noise
The room is quiet and empty.
And on my mother's pillow
The golden ray steals.
And I said to the beam:
- I want to move too!
I would like a lot:
Read aloud and roll the ball,
I would sing a song
I could laugh
There's so much I want!
But mom is sleeping and I am silent.
The beam darted along the wall,
And then he slid towards me.
“Nothing,” he seemed to whisper, “
Let's sit in silence!..
Songs
Children's songs are often played in kindergarten classes. Various rhythmic movements are performed to the music: dancing, games, etc. All this also belongs to the category « » .
Songs are performed to a wide variety of music and on a wide variety of topics. The theme of folk art predominates. Children's folklore is especially popular. Russian songs are taught even to three-year-old children, since their lyrics are very easy to remember.
Counting books
Counting books help children determine turns in various games. It has been noticed that instead of simply agreeing among themselves who follows whom, for some reason the children prefer to be considered. The counting rhyme is usually a short poem, endowed with dynamism and of significant interest. Perhaps it is this approach that sometimes allows them to avoid unnecessary disputes and disagreements, which often lead to quarrels within the children's team. These poems also represent children's folklore. Counting tables are remarkable because they help you decide on the choice of game in advance and not waste time on arguments, which is very important for maintaining the internal microclimate. In addition, these are simply funny works of oral folk art, easy to remember, cheerful, and kind. Thus, children's folklore turns out to be very useful. Counting books are ideal for any game. And just try to start discouraging children from using this wonderful tool! Not only will they all quarrel within five minutes, but they will also spoil the mood of everyone who happens to be nearby at the moment.
Examples of nursery rhymes:
Hush, mice, cat on the roof,
and the kittens are even taller.
The cat went for milk
and the kittens are head over heels.
The cat came without milk,
and kittens ha ha ha.
One two three four five,
We learned to count.
Well, then we don’t know
Maybe we can do the math together?
Six - we love to eat candy,
Seven - we help everyone,
Eight - we will not abandon our friends in trouble.
Nine - we study for five,
Ten - finished counting.
Horses, horses, horses, horses,
We sat on the balcony.
They drank tea, broke cups,
They spoke Turkish.
Once upon a time there was a vest
Three loops and two cuffs.
If we count them together,
Three and two, of course, five!
But do you know what the secret is?
The vest has no cuffs!
Thus, children's folklore is of great importance in the context of Russian oral folk art. It is imperative to study this layer of culture, because children are great inventors and masters of coming up with funny, mysterious stories. Despite the external similarity of creative products, they all turn out to be unique and inimitable in their essence.
Children, studying all kinds of riddles, counting rhymes, poems, songs, taking part in active and intellectual games, receive a useful lesson for the future. Children's folklore develops creative thinking, teaches them to analyze, reflect, pay the greatest attention to the spoken word, love and take care of nature. Folklorists specifically travel to villages and collect material for their practical research.
Finally, we would like to add that the genres of children's folklore are not limited to the works listed in this article. There are also jokes, sayings, all kinds of chants and shouting. All these directions only emphasize the beauty and diversity of oral folk art.
A proverb is a short, rhythmically organized saying with an instructive meaning, in which the people generalized their socio-historical experience. Proverb = brevity, rhythm, folk wisdom A proverb is a widespread figurative expression that aptly defines any life phenomenon. (devoid of direct instructive meaning - allegory, lacking the character of completeness)
Riddle = brevity, specificity, allegorical description of the subject, rhythm, rhyming, question form 1. Metaphor Between two luminaries I am alone in the middle. 2. Personification Bows, bows, When he comes home he will stretch out. 3. Onomatopoeia A toothy animal Gnawing on an oak tree with a squeal.
4. Direct comparison Five chests - five closets. 5. Negative comparison Cheren, but not a raven, Rogat, but not a bull. 6. Figurative description of an object based on external features Red, round, oblong leaves. 7. Direct question Who runs without wires?
Fables A cart was driving past a man, Suddenly a gate barked from under a dog. The horse snatched the cart from under the whip and let's bludgeon the gate with it. The roofs got scared, the crows sat on them, People ran towards them from all sides. You can’t knock three times, it will heal with nausea and belly with grumbling.
