How long did the Hundred Years' War last? How many years did the Hundred Years' War last? 3 How many years did the Hundred Years' War last?

Any educated person has heard of such a war as the “Hundred Years”. Many even know that France and England took part in it. However, not everyone will be able to accurately answer the question of how many years the Hundred Years War lasted. After all, in reality, the confrontation did not have such a beautiful term; it was rounded down, and downwards. In fact, the conflict continued from 1337. to 1453, so the Hundred Years' War lasted 116 years.

Stages of the war

Meanwhile, the term “Hundred Years' War” is a general concept for a series of military actions:

• 1337-1360 - Edwardian War;
• 1369-1389 - Caroline War;
• 1415-1429 - Lancastrian War;
• 1429-1453 - the final turning point, thanks to the leader of the French army, Joan of Arc.

The reason for the start of the confrontation was the claims of the ruling dynasty of England to the throne of France. In addition, the British sought the return of possessions that previously belonged to the English crown. Initially, the British were in the lead in this conflict, but ultimately they were still unable to implement their plans.

Results of the war

As a result of the Hundred Years' War, England lost control over almost all of its lands in France. The exception is the port city of Calais. However, a formal peace treaty between the warring countries was signed only in 1475.

To the question How many years did the Hundred Years' War last? given by the author Anton Grigoriev the best answer is the Hundred Years' War (1337-1453) - a long military-political conflict between England and France, the cause of which was England's desire to return territories on the continent that previously belonged to the English kings. In addition, the English kings were related by ties of kinship to the French Capetian dynasty, as a result of which they laid claims to the French throne. In turn, France sought to oust the British from Guienne (which was assigned to them by the Treaty of Paris in 1259). Despite the initial successes, England was defeated in the war; as a result, it retained only one possession on the continent - the port of Calais, which it held until 1559. The war lasted 116 years (with interruptions). Strictly speaking, it was more of a series of conflicts: the first (the Edwardian War) lasted from 1337-1360, the second (the Caroline War) - from 1369-1389, the third - the Lancastrian War - from 1415-1429, the fourth - from 1429-1453. The term "Hundred Years' War" - a general name for these conflicts - appeared later.

Reply from Accomplice[guru]
one hundred

Reply from Eurovision[guru]
hmm... difficult answer... but I still think 100...

Reply from simplify[guru]
Well, why did they call her 100 years old, guess 3 times.

Reply from Max Ryabkov[guru]
100 years

Reply from Evgeniy Rezvanov[guru]
The Hundred Years' War (1337-1453) is a long-term military-political conflict between England and France, the cause of which was England's desire to return territories on the continent that previously belonged to the English kings. In addition, the English kings were related by ties of kinship to the French Capetian dynasty, as a result of which they laid claims to the French throne. In turn, France sought to oust the British from Guienne (which was assigned to them by the Treaty of Paris in 1259). Despite the initial successes, England was defeated in the war; as a result, it retained only one possession on the continent - the port of Calais, which it held until 1559. The war lasted 116 years (with interruptions). Strictly speaking, it was more of a series of conflicts: the first (the Edwardian War) lasted from 1337-1360, the second (the Caroline War) - from 1369-1389, the third - the Lancastrian War - from 1415-1429, the fourth - from 1429-1453. The term “Hundred Years' War” - a general name for these conflicts - appeared later. The war was started by the English king Edward III, who was the maternal grandson of the French king Philip IV the Fair from the Capetian dynasty. After the death in 1328 of Charles IV, the last representative of the direct Capetian branch, and the coronation of Philip VI (Valois) under Salic law, Edward laid claim to the French throne. In the fall of 1337, the British launched an offensive in Picardy. They were supported by the Flanders cities and feudal lords and the cities of southwestern France. The turning point came in the 1420s, at the fourth stage of the war, after the French army was led by Joan of Arc. Under her leadership, the French liberated Orleans from the British (1429). the execution of Joan of Arc in 1431 did not prevent the French from successfully completing military operations. In 1435, the Duke of Burgundy concluded an alliance with the King of France, Charles VII. In 1436, Paris came under the control of the French. In 1450, the French army won a convincing victory in the battle of the Normans. the city of Caen. In 1453, the surrender of the English garrison in Bordeaux put an end to the Hundred Years' War.

Between England and France - a series of successive military conflicts that lasted from 1337 to 1453.

It ended on October 19, 1453 with the surrender of the English garrison in Bordeaux and the abandonment of Calais, the last English possession in France.

The preconditions for conflicts throughout the entire period that lasted the Hundred Years' War were already in the distant past, back in the reign of William the Conqueror. When the Norman Duke William became the new English king in 1066 after his victory at the Battle of Hastings, he united England with the Duchy of Normandy, located in France.

Under Henry II Plantagenet, England's lands in France expanded, but the kings who succeeded him found them too large and difficult to manage.

By 1327, England controlled only two regions in France - Aquitaine and Ponthieu.

When the last of the French Capetian kings, Charles IV the Fair, died in 1328, his closest male relative was his nephew Edward III of England (his mother Isabella was the sister of Charles and the daughter of Philip IV the Fair).

The French nobility sought to ensure that Philip of the Valois family (as King Philip VI) took the throne, not only because Edward’s rights to the French crown were transmitted through the female line. First of all, he was an Englishman, which means he was an unsuitable candidate. Edward III, although he was fifteen years old at the time, was furious, but could do nothing.

In 1337, Philip, as punishment for the fact that Edward provided shelter to Philip's cousin and enemy Robert d'Artois, demanded the return of Aquitaine to France. Edward, in response, demanding the crown of France for himself by right of origin, declared war on Philip.

The Counts of Flanders supported the claims of the British during the period that lasted the Hundred Years' War, out of personal interest - there was a mutually beneficial trade in wool and fabrics between England and Flanders. The Dukes of Brittany and Normandy, allied with the English, feared the aspirations of those who wanted to create a strong, centralized French kingdom.

In 1340, Edward officially took the title "King of France and the French Royal Arms". Modern historians debate whether he truly believed that he could take the French throne. But whatever his pretensions or hopes, it gave him important leverage in his relationship with Philip. Thanks to the title, he could provoke more than one problem, encourage dissatisfied French to choose themselves as king instead of Philip, use it as a powerful weapon during negotiations, offering to give up large territorial concessions in France in exchange for the crown.

During the period that lasted the Hundred Years' War, the British won brilliant victories in 1346, at Poitiers in 1356, at Agincourt in 1415. The British's finest hour came when Henry V took control of Paris, Normandy, and most of northern France. He married the Madman's daughter Catherine of Valois and forced the French king to recognize him as regent of France and successor to the French throne.

In 1422, Charles and Henry died. The eighth Dauphin of France was crowned in 1429 as inspired by the victories of Joan of Arc over the English.

Henry VI was the only English king actually crowned King of France at the age of ten in Paris in 1431. But gradually the independent territories located on the other side of the English Channel left English control.

In 1436, the French overran Aquitaine and took Bordeaux, which had been in English hands for three hundred years and was the center of a thriving wine trade. A deputation of citizens arrived in England in 1452 to ask Henry VI for help.

All military conflicts, as long as the Hundred Years' War lasted, took place on French territory. The country's population is believed to have dropped by half during this period.

A force of approximately 3,000 men under the command of John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, marched into France. Talbot was able to recapture most of western Aquitaine, but in July 1453 the French army defeated the English at Castillon and Talbot himself, an outstanding commander admired by both the French and English, was killed.

When it became clear that no more help would arrive from England, Bordeaux surrendered in October, marking the end of the war. How many years did the Hundred Years' War last in total? It covers a period of 116 years (from 1337 to 1453) with more or less long breaks. Although no major battle took place afterwards, the Hundred Years' War officially ended on August 29, 1475, with the signing of the Treaty of Piquigny between King Louis XI of France and King Edward IV of England.

How many years did the Hundred Years War last?

In general, the term “Hundred Years' War” is very conditional. Of course, hostilities did not continue continuously throughout the entire period. And they were in 1337-1453. At that time, two powerful states appeared in Europe: England. Dreams of a unified European state under the leadership of a Pope or Emperor vanished like smoke. And the hundred-year war was caused by the conflict between these two states. What were the reasons:

• the English rulers remained vassals of the French king;
• the powerful French state was a danger to England;
• rivalry between states for Flanders.

But the main reason was the possession of England in France - Guienne (or Gascony). The war continued in periods alternating with long truces. This was the first European war, which also affected other countries.

Progress of the war

Conventionally, the war can be divided into 4 stages. The first step was taken by the English king Edward, who landed his troops on French territory. The first major battle took place in 1346, where the British won thanks to their archers. It is believed that this battle marked the beginning of the end of the era of chivalry. But after the battle, hostilities were stopped for 10 years due to the plague. The plague claimed more lives than the war.

But already in 1356 the French again suffered a crushing defeat. And in 1360 a peace was signed, according to which the French crown lost a third of its possessions. The peace lasted 9 years. During this time, it increased its military power and was able to capture previously lost territories. This time the peace concluded was unfavorable for the British. The next stage of the war began in 1415. The English won almost all battles until 1428. Then a key figure appears - Joan of Arc. She helped the French win until 1431, when she was captured by the British and executed.

But this did not affect the further course of the war. The French continued to liberate their territories and the final blow came in 1453. The British were smashed to smithereens.

In 2007, France celebrates 330 years since the death of the most famous Frenchman - captain of the Royal Musketeers Charles D'Artagnan. Today his name, like the name of a real hero, has become a legend. How much truth is there in it?

In fact, the musketeer's name was Charles de Batz de Castelmore. According to historians, he was born in Gascony, between the towns of Tarbes and Auch in the castle of Castelmore. The exact date of his birth is unknown, since the lists of those baptized before 1662 have disappeared. Charles D'Artagnan was the youngest of 7 or 8 children in the family of Bertrand de Batz de Castelmore and Francoise Montesquiou. There is no information about his childhood and youth, but it is known that in 1640, as befitted young Gascon nobles, he joined the ranks of the French Guard. Guards cadets did not receive a penny at that time, but military training was free and allowed them to later apply for higher army ranks. Further events developed in such a way that, it seems, from the historical D'Artagnan Alexandre Dumas was able to create two characters at once - the cunning Gascon and his antagonist Count Rochefort, a close associate of Cardinal Richelieu. So, Charles takes his mother’s name, known at court, D’Artagnan (the younger branch of the Montesquiou family) and receives a baptism of fire in campaigns against the Huguenots in the Wars of Faith.

After which he comes under direct subordination to Cardinal Richelieu’s successor, the Italian Mazarin, and a little later gains fame and awards for “courage, loyalty and bravery.” From the moment of his appointment as the cardinal's personal courier, detailed documents appear mentioning the name of Charles D'Artagnan. The French Ministry of Foreign Affairs still keeps the original instructions to D'Artagnan on negotiating with the governors of the fortresses on the terms of surrender. During this period, contemporaries called him “the protégé of Cardinal Mazarin,” who, as a courier on special diplomatic missions, carried out secret and especially risky missions. D'Artagnan himself succeeds everywhere: for example, during the siege of Dunkirk, he replaces one of the wounded commanders of the elite military unit of the Company of Musketeers.

In 1646, as a result of court intrigue, the nephew of Cardinal Mazarin, who was not too inclined to burden himself with official duties, turned out to be at the head of the “Company”. Due to this, the cardinal’s close associate, D’Artagnan, becomes the de facto head of the country’s most elite unit, which, in fact, meant the possibility of his direct contact with the top officials of the kingdom.

The opportunity did not take long to arrive: the musketeer was given responsibility for the parade procession of the royal wedding procession, the path of which passed through Gascony, which could not but affect his popularity. D'Artagnan's compatriots stood along the roads for hours to see the son of poor Gascony flying on horseback in front of aristocrats from the most famous families of France.

Two other historical and at the same time adventurous moments in D'Artagnan's career are the arrest of the presumptuous temporary worker Fouquet, the custodian-plunderer of the state treasury, and the ultra-delicate mission to rid the king of his unwanted son-in-law. Regarding the first, the king personally gave orders to D'Artagnan in the strictest confidence.

Since 1670, D'Artagnan has clearly been the king's confidant, often following the personal oral instructions of the monarch. D'Artagnan's reputation is so impeccable that, when obeying, they take his word for it. Moreover, in documents of that era he is called the title “Count”.

Regarding D'Artagnan's personal life, it is worth noting that his adventures in Dumas' novel do not have any documentary evidence. At the age of 45, he chooses not the beautiful haberdasher Madame Bonacieux, but the richest aristocratic widow, 35-year-old Charlotte de Chanlécy.

Despite the fame, reputation and irresistible charm of the captain of the musketeers, the widow, fearing for her fortune, agreed to marriage only if a marriage contract was concluded. The contract, dated March 5, 1659, bears the signatures of King Louis XIV, Cardinal Mazarin and Marshal de Gramont.

The favor of the king and queen, their presence at the christening of the eldest son of the D'Artagnan couple, as well as the acquired status and wealth - all this was not enough to save the marriage of Charles and Charlotte. There is no direct evidence of the reasons for the gap between the spouses, but there is plenty of indirect evidence, and they all point to the monstrous jealousy of the spouse. Sadly, the captain of the Royal Musketeers suffered from her scandals, like the last haberdasher in the kingdom...

According to some historians, the only love of the Gascon’s life was Queen Anne of Austria, whose portrait decorated the captain’s house. In the spring of 1672, the king, preparing for the war against Holland, appointed D'Artagnan governor of the city of Lille - an important strategic point for the upcoming campaign, the last in the hero's life - on June 24, 1673, he died during the storming of Maastricht. According to custom, he is buried along with the other fallen in the area of ​​the battlefield.

The king and courtiers sincerely mourn him, and the poet writes an epitaph: “... D'Artagnan and Glory rest together.” To date, two authentic portraits of D’Artagnan are known. The first is an engraving decorating the book of Gatien Courtille de Sandras, and the second by the court artist van der Meulen. D'Artagnan was handsome and noble. He dressed strictly in Spanish fashion, preferring black to all colors, but wore red heels as a sign of nobility. When a notary came to make a posthumous inventory of his property at his house on the Rue de Bac in the fashionable Latin Quarter of Paris, he discovered a very extensive wardrobe. Some of his suits were decorated with diamonds...

And, according to contemporaries, D’Artagnan was the best horseman in the kingdom and his appearance “resembled the god of war Mars.”
He preferred beautiful Spanish stallions, which he bought for a lot of money.