Presentation of rules of conduct during a tsunami. Purpose of the work: In our presentation we will try to reveal the concepts of natural disasters on water: tsunamis and floods, describe the causes of their occurrence, damage, - presentation

Lesson objectives: To introduce students to the term “tsunami”; Introduce students to the term “tsunami”; Determine the causes and possible consequences of the tsunami; Determine the causes and possible consequences of the tsunami; Teach children the correct behavior in the event of a threat and when a tsunami wave arrives; Teach children the correct behavior in the event of a threat and when a tsunami wave arrives; Form a value-based attitude towards your life and health; Form a value-based attitude towards your life and health;

Why study tsunamis? Everyone remembers the terrible disaster in December 2004 associated with a tsunami resulting from an underwater earthquake in the Indonesian region. Then, in many countries of the Indian Ocean, 200 thousand people died, gigantic destruction occurred, the consequences of which will be felt for many years to come.

SPEED – the distance that a tsunami wave travels in a certain time Speed ​​can reach km/h Speed ​​can reach km/h When approaching the shore it decreases to km/h When approaching the shore it decreases to km/h

Wave length - the horizontal distance between two peaks or bottoms of a sea wave The length of a sea wave varies from meters The length of a sea wave varies from meters Sometimes reaches 1000 meters Sometimes reaches 1000 meters

Wave height - Wave height is the vertical distance between the crest and the bottom of the wave. At the point of origin, the height of the wave reaches only a few decimeters. At the point of origin, the height of the wave reaches only a few decimeters. When approaching the shore, the wave can reach an average of meters. When approaching the shore, the wave can reach an average of meters. The maximum recorded tsunami wave height is 70 meters. The maximum recorded tsunami wave height is 70 meters.

Assessment of tsunami strength: Tsunami scores Maximum wave height on the shore, Tsunami characteristics Tsunami characteristics I up to 1 m. up to 1 m. Very weak II II 1 m. 1 m. Weak. May flood flat coasts III III 2 m. 2 m. Medium. Flat coasts are flooded, light vessels wash ashore IV IV 3-8 m. 3-8 m. Strong. Large vessels are thrown ashore, coastal buildings and structures are damaged V 8-23 m m. Very strong. Significant destruction both on the coast and inland along the front up to 400 km VI VI more than 23 m. more than 23 m. Catastrophic. Complete devastation of the coast and coastal areas along a front of more than 500 km

Secondary damaging factors of a tsunami: Destruction of buildings Destruction of buildings Beaching of ships Beaching of ships Death of people and animals Death of people and animals Washing away of the fertile layer of soil Washing away of the fertile layer of soil Fires Fires Pollution of water sources Pollution of water sources

Rules of conduct when receiving a threat about the possible arrival of a tsunami. Having heard the signals, carefully listen to information about the possible time of arrival of the wave and organizing evacuation to a safe place; After hearing the signals, carefully listen to information about the possible time of arrival of the wave and organizing evacuation to a safe place; Take with you a minimum of warm clothes, food, valuables, documents; Take with you a minimum of warm clothes, food, valuables, documents; Before leaving, turn off the gas and water, turn off the electricity; Before leaving, turn off the gas and water, turn off the electricity; Move inland or to higher ground without delay; Move inland or to higher ground without delay;

Rules of conduct in the event of a sudden tsunami Immediately close all windows and doors and go up to the top floor; Immediately close all windows and doors and go to the top floor; As a general rule, don't run out of a solid building; As a general rule, don't run out of a solid building; Take a safe place indoors - away from windows, near a main wall; Take a safe place indoors - away from windows, near a main wall; If the wave catches you on the street, then try to cling to a tree trunk or a concrete wall; prepare for the return movement of the wave; If the wave catches you on the street, then try to cling to a tree trunk or a concrete wall; prepare for the return movement of the wave; Once in the water, having first taken air into your lungs, you need to group yourself and cover your head with your hands; Once in the water, having first taken air into your lungs, you need to group yourself and cover your head with your hands;

Rules of behavior after the passage of a tsunami: Stay in a safe place for at least 3-5 hours after the arrival of the first wave; there can be several waves and they can occur at intervals from 3 minutes to 3 hours; Stay in a safe place for at least 3-5 hours after the first wave arrives; there can be several waves and they can occur at intervals from 3 minutes to 3 hours; Remember to watch out for damaged power lines, broken fuel containers, fires and building collapses; Remember to watch out for damaged power lines, broken fuel containers, fires and building collapses; Be sure to wait for the alarm to clear; Be sure to wait for the alarm to clear;

Reinforcing the material: Tell us about the rules of behavior during a tsunami. Explain why, when moving away from a tsunami to a safe place, it is impossible to move along the valleys of streams and rivers flowing into the sea, and also to meet the wave in an area with a large number of structures?

Homework: 1. Paragraph, pp Prepare an essay on the largest tsunami in the history of mankind.

is a dangerous natural phenomenon consisting of sea waves that arise mainly as a result of the upward or downward displacement of extended sections of the seabed during underwater and coastal earthquakes. Tsunami-hazardous areas of our country are the Kuril Islands, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, and the Pacific coast. Once formed in any place, a tsunami can spread at high speed (up to 1000 km/h) over several thousand kilometers, while the height of the tsunami in the area of ​​origin is from 0.1 to 5 meters. When reaching shallow water, the wave height increases sharply, reaching a height of 10 to 50 meters. Huge masses of water washed ashore lead to flooding of the area, destruction of buildings and structures, power and communication lines, roads, bridges, piers, as well as the death of people and animals. An air shock wave propagates in front of the water shaft. It acts similarly to a blast wave, destroying buildings and structures. The tsunami wave may not be the only one. Very often this is a series of waves that roll onto the shore at intervals of 1 hour or more. The possible scale of destruction is determined by the range of the tsunami: weak (1-2 points); average (3 points); strong (4 points); destructive (5 points).

SIGNS OF A TSUNAMI

A natural warning signal of the possibility of a tsunami is an earthquake. Before a tsunami begins, as a rule, the water recedes far from the coast, exposing the seabed for hundreds of meters and even several kilometers. This low tide can last from a few minutes to half an hour.

The movement of the waves can be accompanied by thunderous sounds that are heard before the approach of the tsunami waves. Sometimes, before a tsunami wave, the coast is flooded with a “carpet” of water. Cracks may appear in the ice cover off the coast. A sign of an approaching natural disaster may be a change in the usual behavior of animals, which sense dangers in advance and tend to move to higher places.

PREVENTIONAL MEASURES

Monitor tsunami forecast messages and be aware of warning signs. Remember and explain to your family the tsunami warnings for your area. Have a tsunami plan in advance. Make sure that all your family members, co-workers and acquaintances know what to do during a tsunami. Assess whether your home or place of work is located in an area of ​​possible tsunami action. Remember that the most dangerous places are river mouths, narrowing bays, and straits. Know the boundaries of the most dangerous areas and the shortest routes to safe places. Make a list of documents, property and medicines to be removed during evacuation. It is advisable to put property and medicines in a special suitcase or backpack. Think about the evacuation procedure in advance. Decide where your family will meet if there is a tsunami warning. During daily activities at home and at work, do not clutter corridors and exits with bulky things, cabinets, bicycles, strollers. Make sure all passages are clear for quick evacuation. Learn the rules of behavior in the event of a tsunami hazard.

Consider the sequence of your actions if you find yourself indoors, in open areas, or in water during a tsunami. Prepare a place in your apartment in advance where, in case of a quick evacuation, put the necessary documents, clothing, personal belongings, and a two-day supply of non-perishable food.

Support community tsunami preparedness programs and actively participate in planting forest shelterbelts along the coast.

Support efforts by local authorities to strengthen bays with breakwaters and coastal dikes.

WHAT TO DO DURING A TSUNAMI

When a tsunami warning is received, respond immediately. Use every minute to ensure your personal safety and the protection of those around you. You may have anywhere from a few minutes to half an hour or more, so if you act calmly and thoughtfully, you can increase your chances of staying safe from the effects of a tsunami.

If you are indoors, leave it immediately, after turning off the lights and gas, and move to a safe place. Take the shortest route to an elevated place 30-40 m above sea level or quickly move 2-3 km from the coast. If you are driving a car, follow in a safe direction, picking up running people along the way. If it is impossible to take refuge in a safe place, when there is no time left to move, climb as high as possible to the upper floors of the building, close the windows and doors. If possible, move to the most secure building.

If you are sheltering indoors, remember that the safest areas are considered to be places near main internal walls, near columns, and in corners formed by main walls. Remove nearby objects that could fall, especially glass ones. If you do find yourself outdoors, try to climb a tree or take cover in a place that is less susceptible to impact. As a last resort, you need to cling to a tree trunk or a solid barrier.

Once in the water, free yourself from shoes and wet clothes, try to cling to objects floating on the water. Be careful, as the wave can carry large objects and their debris with it. After the arrival of the first wave, prepare to meet the second and subsequent waves, and if possible, leave the dangerous area. If necessary, provide first aid to victims.

WHAT TO DO AFTER A TSUNAMI

Wait for the alarm to clear. Return to your original location after making sure that there have been no high waves at sea for two to three hours.

When entering a house, check its strength and the safety of windows and doors. Make sure there are no cracks in the walls and ceilings, and no erosion of the foundations. Carefully check for gas leaks in the premises and the condition of the electrical lighting.
Notify the Emergency Situations Commission about the condition of your home. Actively join the team in carrying out rescue and other emergency operations in damaged buildings, searching for victims and providing them with the necessary assistance.

Topic: Tsunami Study questions. Origin and classification of tsunamis. Consequences of the tsunami. Tsunami forecasting and measures to reduce damage from them. Rules for safe behavior during a tsunami

Tsunamis are giant ocean waves resulting from earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and sometimes coastal collapses.

Tsunami epicenters 1. 03/15/1924 2. 08/01/1940 3. 06/16/1964 4. 05/26/1983 5. 07/13/1993 Sovetskaya Gavan Zolotoy Plastun Malaya Kama Rudnaya Pristan Olga Nakhodka Vladivostok Sosunovo Bel kin Tokyo Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Russia Japan

Characteristics of tsunami waves

The main parameters of a tsunami include: tsunami speed - the distance that a tsunami travels in a certain time; sea ​​wave height - the vertical distance between the crest and the bottom of the wave; sea ​​wave length - the horizontal distance between two peaks or bottoms of sea waves; sea ​​wave period - the time interval between the arrival of two successive waves.

Often before a tsunami begins, the water recedes from the coastline, exposing the bottom for several kilometers.

Then there is a series of waves with intervals between them of 5 - 90 minutes. The highest height is usually not the first wave, but one of the first ten (the main wave).

Tsunamis are classified based on their cause and intensity.

The destructive power of a tsunami depends on the speed of the wave, the direction of its movement relative to the shore, the contour of the coastline, the topography of the coast, the coastal slope and the shelf.

Lowland coasts are most affected by tsunamis. Although when approaching a gently sloping shore its impact decreases, the flood zone is very large.

Tsunamis are especially dangerous for villages, cities and buildings located on the low-lying shores of the ocean, as well as those located at the tops of bays and bays, wide open to the ocean and tapering wedge-shaped towards land.

Far from the coast, the effect of a tsunami is not dangerous. Therefore, ships that managed to leave the harbor and move far enough from the coast (at least 6-8 km) are not exposed to the destructive waves. However, ships in the ocean above the epicenter of an underwater earthquake causing a tsunami may experience seaquakes.

Measures to reduce tsunami damage

A tsunami can be warned by the “Attention everyone!” signal transmitted by sirens, intermittent beeps of enterprises and vehicles. When you hear the signal, turn on the radio, television (on a local program) and listen to the information and instructions. It usually reports the estimated time of arrival of the tsunami and specific coastal settlements that are in danger, the procedure for action and evacuation of the population, travel routes and collection points. Proceed in accordance with the instructions given.

Lesson topic: Tsunami

Lesson type- learning new material

Target:



Tasks:
Educational:



Educational:


Educational:

Equipment:
computer, projector, screen.

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Preview:

Lesson topic: Tsunami

Lesson type - learning new material

Target:
1. To familiarize students with the dangerous marine hydrological phenomenon - tsunami;
2. Provide students with the necessary information about the causes of tsunamis and their consequences.
3. Use interdisciplinary connections for conscious perception of the material.
Tasks:
Educational:
- Teach students to act in extreme situations;
- Reveal the causes of the tsunami and the consequences of the tsunami;
- Introduce tsunami parameters and tsunami protection measures
Educational:
- Formation of psychological readiness of students to act in an emergency situation.
- Identifying the creative abilities of students when analyzing the situation and drawing up a plan to overcome it.
Educational :
- Cultivate a sense of self-confidence in extreme situations and responsibility for the lives of other people.
Equipment:
computer, projector, screen.

Lesson plan:

1. Organizational moment – ​​1 minute.

2. Updating interdisciplinary connections - 5 minutes

3. Introductory speech by the teacher - 1 minute.
Presentation of new material, viewing of video presentation – 24 minutes.

4. Consolidating the material, completing a test task on the computer – 8 minutes. Answers to questions – 2 minutes

5. Lesson summary – 2 minutes.

6. Homework – 2 minutes.

Upon completion of the topic, students should:
a) know:

Methods of warning about the approach of a tsunami;

Damaging factors;

Basic measures to protect the population from tsunamis;

b) have the skills to carry out tsunami protection measures;

c) have an idea of ​​the consequences of a tsunami.

Lesson progress:

Stage I Organizational moment (1 min.)

Organization of the beginning of the lesson.
The presence of students and the readiness of the class for work are checked.
I announce the work plan - a lesson in studying new material from the section on natural emergencies and protecting the population from their consequences.

Stage II Updating interdisciplinary knowledge – (5 min.)

Geography: Waves in the ocean: wind waves, tides, tsunamis.
History: Dates and areas of natural disasters in Russia and in the world.

Stage III Learning new material – (24 min.)

Slide 1.
So that the elements do not suddenly overtake,
Trouble did not suddenly strike
We must take measures such as
So that a rebuff will always be ready for her!

Look for solutions to win,
You can't retreat before the elements,
Solidarity with civil defense
It will help you cope with trouble

Teacher's story.

Tsunami is a marine hydrological hazard.
At 4 a.m. on November 5, 1952, residents of the city of Severo-Kurilsk and a number of coastal villages on the island of Parshumir, part of the Kuril Islands, were awakened by strong tremors that lasted about half an hour. Earthquakes happen here quite often, and people went back to sleep when the earth seemed to calm down. Soon a loud noise was heard from the sea and a huge wave of water was advancing on the city, which rolled across the island, reached the slope of the hill and rushed back. Half-dressed people fled to the hills to escape the terrible wave. It was an unusually quiet moonlit night.
The first wave of water receded after 15 minutes, and some residents returned to their homes in time to save at least some of their property. At that moment, a second, more terrible shaft 10 meters high came, which destroyed the entire city. Sweeping away everything in its path, a terrible wave carried all city buildings, cars, and agricultural equipment into the sea. The city was filled with the roar of buildings and the screams of dying people.
After the disaster, an empty area of ​​several square kilometers formed on the site of the city. More than 2,000 people died in the city and towns.
This natural disaster, caused by waves of enormous destructive power washing ashore, is called a tsunami.

Slides 2-4.

Concept - tsunami. Origin and cause of the tsunami. Characteristics of tsunami waves. Classification of tsunamis: according to the reasons for its occurrence; by intensity.

Slides 5.

Basic tsunami parameters..

Slide 6-8.

The most tsunami-hazardous areas of Russia and the world (Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands, the Pacific coast, Indonesia, Chile, Peru, Japan, East Java, Aleutian Islands, Alaska, Hawaiian Islands). Display slide number 17 on the interactive board and mark the most tsunami-hazardous areas . Show these areas on the world map.

Slides 9-10.

Main damaging factors

Slide 11.

Consequences of the tsunami.

Slide 12.

Early measures to protect against tsunamis.

Slides 13-15.

When receiving the “TSUNAMI COMING” signal. Rules of conduct when receiving a signal about the approach of a tsunami. Rules of conduct in the event of a sudden tsunami approach.

Slide 16.

Rules of behavior after the passage of a tsunami.

Stage IV Fixing the material

Slide 17.
Performing a test task.

You have a test in front of you. Questions may have YES or NO answers. Therefore, be careful. We started the task.

Slide 18.

Checking the KEY test

Stage V Lesson summary.

Stage VI. Homework.

References

1. Frolov M.P. Fundamentals of life safety. – Moscow: AST, 2009.

2. Gerasimova T.P. Beginning geography course. – M.: DROFA, 2010.

Internet resources

1. Video of the tsunami http://rest.msun.ru/rest/tsunami/tsunami.php

2. Photos, illustrations of the tsunami http://cynami.com/

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Slide captions:

Life Safety Tsunami

The concept of “tsunami” Tsunamis are waves in the ocean caused by underwater and coastal earthquakes, volcanic explosions, coastal collapses or large underwater ones. Tsunami is a Japanese word. Pronounced "tsu-na-mee". "tsu" means harbor, "nami" means wave.

Causes of tsunamis:

Causes of a tsunami: 1 the formation of cracks on the bottom 2 the raising (lowering) of part of the bottom 3 the generation of waves by water tending to return to its original state Underwater earthquake

The main parameters of a tsunami: speed (600-1000 km/h); wave height (up to 70 m); wavelengths (up to 1000 km); wave period (from minutes to several hours).

Tsunami-prone areas

Tsunami off the coast of the island. Sri Lanka December 26, 2004 in a satellite image from www.themegallery.com

Coastal changes due to the 2004 Indonesian tsunami

Main damaging factors: Primary: air wave; wave blow; hydrodynamic water pressure.

Main damaging factors: Secondary: flooding of the area; destruction of buildings, structures, communications; beaching of ships; death of people and animals; soil loss, destruction of crops; soil pollution; contamination or destruction of drinking water sources.

Consequences of the tsunami

Early measures to protect against tsunamis: establishment of an observation and forecasting system; banning new construction in hazardous areas; moving objects to safe places; construction of breakwaters and dams; advance preparation of routes and places for evacuation; preparing the population for action; tree planting.

Upon receiving the signal “There is a tsunami”: forecasting the possible location and time of the tsunami approach; warning the population; urgent departure of ships to the open sea; emergency evacuation of the population to safe places.

Rules of conduct when receiving a signal about the approach of a tsunami: after hearing the sounds of sirens, listen carefully to the message about the time of arrival of the wave and the organization of evacuation of the population to a safe place; take with you a minimum of warm clothes (preferably waterproof), food, money, documents, and valuables; before leaving, turn off the gas and water in the house, turn off the electricity; Without delay, move inland to a hill or 2-3 km from the coast.

Rules of conduct in the event of a sudden tsunami approach: immediately close all windows and doors and go up to the top floor; the general rule is not to run out of a solid building; take the safest place in the room - away from the windows near the main wall on the side of the wave's arrival; if a wave catches you on the street, then try to cling to a tree trunk or a concrete wall; get ready for the wave to return.

Rules of behavior after the passage of a tsunami: stay in a safe place for at least 2-3 hours after the arrival of the first wave; wait for the alarm to clear.

SCREENING TEST: 1 . Is a tsunami a wave in the ocean caused by an underwater (coastal) earthquake or volcanic eruption? 2. Is the wave speed near the shore greater than in the ocean? 3. Is the central part of Russia classified as a tsunami-hazardous region? 4. The main damaging factors of a tsunami: air wave, wave impact, hydrodynamic pressure? 5. When receiving a signal about the approach of a tsunami, you must: - take the necessary things, documents, food - turn off the gas, water, turn off the electricity - go 2-3 km inland or to a hill? 6.Do you need to stay in a safe place after the tsunami passes for 12-13 hours? Answer graphically YES or NO

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