EntranceThe treasury of the earth under the protection of humanity. Treasures of the earth under the protection of humanity
Detailed solution part 1 Treasures of the Earth under the protection of humanity on the surrounding world for 4th grade students, authors A.A. Pleshakov, E.A. Kryuchkova 2015
- Gdz part 1, 2 on the world around us for grade 4 can be found
- Gdz tests on the world around us for grade 4 can be found
- Gdz test and measurement materials on the world around us for grade 4 can be found
Study the map on pp. 50-51. Use it to find out which sites are included in the World Heritage List. Which of them are classified as natural heritage and which are classified as cultural? Which of the objects on this list are located in Russia?
Natural heritage includes: Great Barrier Reef, National Park Grand Canyon, Victoria Falls, Serengeti National Park, Iguazu Falls.
Cultural heritage includes: the Statue of Liberty, Abu Simbel, the Acropolis of Athens, the Great Chinese Wall, Taj Mahal mausoleum, Venice.
In Russia, natural heritage sites include the volcanoes of Kamchatka, Wrangel Island, Lake Baikal, and the Golden Mountains of Altai. The World Cultural Heritage of Russia includes: Kizhi Pogost, historical Center St. Petersburg, Moscow Kremlin and Red Square.
2. Identify World Heritage sites from photographs. Test yourself on the self-test pages. Find these objects on the map.
Answer.1. Grand Canyon National Park. 2. Kizhi churchyard. 3. Venice. 4. The Great Wall of China. 5. Victoria Falls. 6. Great Barrier Reef.
P.54 Look at the pictures of animals from the International Red Book. Do you know anything about these animals? Try to explain why they are endangered. What do you think needs to be done to save each of these species?
Answer. The saltwater crocodile is the largest living reptile belonging to the family of true crocodiles, as well as the world's largest terrestrial or coastal apex predator the food chain throughout its vast range. Males of this species can reach 7 m in length, weigh up to 2000 kg and are the only modern crocodiles to regularly grow over 5.2 meters. As some of its names suggest, this crocodile can live in salt water, but is typically found in mangrove swamps, deltas, lagoons and lower reaches of rivers.
The green sea turtle is a species of sea turtle and the only member of the genus Green turtle.
The green sea turtle lives in the waters of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The green turtle is large, its shell length is from 80 to 150 cm, its weight is from 70 to 200 kg, very rarely it reaches a length of 200 cm and a weight of 400-500 kg.
Despite its name, the top color of the green turtle is not only olive green, but often dark brown, with yellowish and white spots and stripes.
The green turtle spends the first years of its life in the open ocean, feeding on jellyfish and other marine animals during this time. Over time, it changes its habitat, moving closer to the shore and gradually switching to plant food.
The Hercules beetle lives in tropical forests and feeds mainly on overripe soft and juicy fruits, including those whose juice has already fermented. The beetle finds food on the ground, but can also climb trees. The beetle's legs are long and have powerful claws on its paws, so the beetle can quickly climb trees. In search of new food sources, the beetle can fly from place to place.
Sometimes beetles feed on one fruit for several days until they suck it completely. When searching for food and courting a female, males do not tolerate competition and use their horns in fights with competitors. Raising his head, the male can press the horn located on the forehead to the horn located on the pronotum. Both horns form powerful pincers, with the help of which the beetle can push through the hard elytra of the enemy.
Ornithoptera Alexandra is considered the largest day butterfly in the world by wingspan. The first European to discover this butterfly species in 1906 was collector Albert Stuart Meek, who collected insects for banker and butterfly collector Lord Walter Rothschild. The latter in 1907 named the species in honor of Queen Alexandra, wife of King Edward VII of Great Britain.
The butterfly is found in a limited range - in the tropical rainforests of Papua New Guinea in the Popondetta Mountains region. The eruption of Mount Lamington in 1951 destroyed about 250 km² of the butterfly's natural habitat, which is the main reason for its rare distribution. Also, due to a sharp decline in the number of butterflies, this species was included in the list of animals prohibited from catching and selling.
Large diurnal butterflies with pronounced sexual dimorphism. Females are larger than males, the span of their rounded wings can reach up to 27 cm in some individuals. The Natural History Museum in London contains a specimen of a female with a wingspan of 273 mm, which makes this species the largest. The length of the abdomen is up to 8 cm, weight - up to 12 grams. The color of the wings and abdomen is dark brown with white, cream and yellow tints.
Males are smaller than females, with a wingspan of up to 20 cm. The wings of males are narrower, colored blue and green.
Orangutan is a genus of arboreal apes, one of the closest to humans. The orangutan is considered the most intelligent animal after humans. The height of adult males can reach 1.5 m, body weight - 50-90 and even 100 kg. Females are much smaller: about 1 m tall and weigh 30-50 kg. The physique of orangutans is massive, with highly developed muscles. The hind limbs are short, the front limbs, on the contrary, are very long, reaching the ankles. The hair is sparse, reddish-brown, with long hair on the shoulders. The big toes can be rotated and opposed to the other toes, which is thought to be an adaptation for tree climbing.
The head is large, with a wide face, high forehead and a noticeably protruding muzzle. Adult males have characteristic growths of fat and connective tissue on their cheeks, and have a mustache and beard.
The giant panda, or as it is also called the bamboo bear, is a mammal belonging to the bear family, although it has some characteristics of raccoons. The panda's fur has a characteristic black and white color.
Giant pandas are found only in the mountainous regions of central China, Tibet and Sichuan province. From the mid-20th century, the giant panda is the national emblem of China. WITH Chinese language the name can be translated as “bear-cat”. And the name of this animal in the West comes from the name of the red panda. Previously, this animal was called the spotted bear. Weight ranges from 17 to 160 kilograms. Males are larger than females both in size and weight. Unlike other bears, pandas have a tail 10–15 centimeters long. The animal has a massive body, which is covered with thick white fur, black fur on the paws, ears and black spots around the eyes, which are very similar to “glasses”. The short, thick hind legs have sharp claws. On the soles and near the base of each toe there are bare areas that make it easier to hold the thin and slippery stems of bamboo, which is the main food.
White Rhinoceros - The white rhinoceros is the second largest land animal on the planet after the elephant. This is a huge mammal - the weight of old males reaches 4-4.5 tons, sometimes even up to 5 (usually 2-2.5 tons), and the body length is 4.2 meters. The height at the shoulders is 1.6-2 m. Actually, there is nothing white in it, and this name, apparently, came from a distortion of the Boer word wijde (wide, wide-faced), which the British converted into “white” in sound. From the English the name passed into other languages. In reality, the color of this rhinoceros is dark, slate gray, only slightly lighter than black. Like the black rhinoceros, the white one has two horns, the front of which is always longer (the record is 1.58 m). The posterior horn is often almost undeveloped. It is assumed that the main function of the anterior horn is to push the bushes apart when walking and feeding. In any case, it is always perfectly polished, and its front surface is slightly flattened. The main difference between a white rhinoceros and a black one is the wide, flat upper lip (in the black, the lip is pointed in the form of a proboscis). This structure fully corresponds to its purpose: the main food of the white rhinoceros is not shrubs, but herbaceous vegetation. When grazing, the animal bites the grass close to the ground, and the sharp, keratinized edge of the lower lip compensates for the missing incisors.
To save these animal species it is necessary:
Stop hunting these animals;
Create conditions for animals to live in their natural habitat;
Take measures to restore the numbers of these animals.
Let's discuss!
How will you add to your story about the world from an ecologist's point of view, using the knowledge gained in the lesson.
Answer. The world is very fragile. Man, with his unreasonable economic activity and hunting, has come to the point that many species of plants and animals have disappeared from the face of the Earth. The disappearance of one species leads to the disappearance of several more. Currently, there is an awareness of what has been done. International organizations are being formed, Russian ones are being created, various documents are being adopted for the protection and restoration of nature on our planet.
P. 56. Test yourself
1. What is World Heritage?
Answer. World Heritage - natural and cultural attractions that are subject to mandatory protection.
2. Give examples of objects of the World Natural and cultural heritage.
Answer. World Natural Heritage Sites - Grand Canyon, Great Barrier Reef, Iguazu Falls. World Cultural Heritage Sites - Acropolis of Athens, Great Wall of China.
3. What World Heritage Sites are located in Russia?
Answer. In Russia there are the Kizhi Pogost, the historical center of St. Petersburg, the Moscow Kremlin and Red Square, the Golden Mountains of Altai, Lake Baikal, and the volcanoes of Kamchatka.
4. What is the IUCN Red List?
Answer. The International Red Book is a book that lists rare and endangered species of plants and animals of our planet.
5. Give examples of animals from the International Red Book?
Answer. Animals on the IUCN Red List - Saltwater crocodile, giant panda, white rhinoceros, Hercules beetle.
C. 56. Assignments
Using the encyclopedia, other additional literature or the Internet, prepare a report about one of the World Heritage sites, about one of the animals of the International Red Book (of your choice).
Answer. 1. Kizhi (Karelian Kizi) is an island on Lake Onega in Karelia, on which the world-famous architectural ensemble of the Kizhi churchyard is located, consisting of two churches and a bell tower of the 18th-19th centuries, surrounded by a single fence - a reconstruction of traditional churchyard fences. On January 1, 1966, the Kizhi State Historical and Architectural Museum was founded on the basis of the architectural ensemble of the Kizhi Pogost. Where, in addition to the buildings existing in their original places, a large number of chapels, houses and outbuildings from Zaonezhye and other regions of Karelia were brought. According to one legend, the Church of the Transfiguration was built with one ax, which the master then threw into the lake.
The island is also home to several villages, which together make up locality Kizhi, part of Velikogubsky rural settlement Medvezhyegorsk district (until 2004, administratively belonged to the city of Petrozavodsk).
In 1990, the Kizhi Pogost was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, in 1993 by Presidential Decree Russian Federation architectural collection of the museum under open air included in the State Code of Especially Valuable Objects of Cultural Heritage of the Peoples of the Russian Federation.
Volcanoes of Kamchatka are volcanoes in eastern Russia on the Kamchatka Peninsula in the Kamchatka Territory. They form part of the Pacific Ring of Fire.
Currently, there are about 30 active volcanoes in Kamchatka. The concept of an active volcano is quite relative. A volcano that erupts during a historical period of time is considered to be active. There are volcanoes that last time erupted about 1000 or even 4000 years ago, and these volcanoes different classifications have different status. Thus, an active volcano does not necessarily have to be continuously erupting. Most active volcanoes, during their “free time”, release water vapor and other gases into the atmosphere, that is, there is so-called fumarole activity.
2. Amur tiger. Amur tigers are widely known to many Russians interested in conservation. environment. This beautiful Amur tiger animal is listed simultaneously in the International Red Book and the Red Book of the Russian Federation. Actually, the Amur tiger is one of the smallest subspecies of the tiger, and its maximum number today is estimated at 530 individuals. Only the Sumatran tiger (no more than 500 individuals) and the South China tiger (almost extinct, about 30 individuals) are smaller. The extinction of Amur tigers worries environmentalists so much that they have repeatedly petitioned the government to strengthen protection.
The tiger in general is one of four species of the Panthera genus, which includes the largest cats on Earth and at the same time one of the largest land predators. Tigers are second in mass only to white and brown bears.
The bulk of tigers live in fairly warm regions - India, Indonesia, China. The tiger Shere Khan has become one of the “literary symbols” of India. Unlike the tigers there, their counterparts from Russia Far East live in much harsher conditions. Low temperatures, strong winds, snow-covered taiga determined the characteristic external signs, distinguishing the Amur tiger from all other subspecies. First of all, this is the fur, which in Amur tigers is much thicker than in others. Its coloring is lighter than that of Indian and Chinese tigers. IN winter time the fur is orange and the belly is white.
Another distinctive feature of the Amur tiger is the thick (about 5 cm) layer of fat on its belly, which protects it from the icy wind.
All together – the fur and the fat layer – create excellent “armor”, thanks to which Amur tigers can exist in such extreme conditions.
The ears of Amur tigers are smaller than others. This is also due to the cold climate. However, in height, body length and weight, Amur tigers are superior to other subspecies. The mass of an Amur tiger can reach 200–250 kg, its height is more than a meter, and its body length is three meters or more, not including the tail. Females are usually slightly smaller than males. Compared to the Amur, the Chinese and Sumatran tigers seem simply dwarfs - the weight of adult males rarely exceeds 130 kg.
The jungle cat resembles a regular house cat, but is much larger and more aggressive. The body is elastic and strong with well-developed muscles, it can be 1 m in length. Weight is about 16 kg. The paws are high with very sharp claws, the tail is small, its length is no more than 30 cm. The head has large, triangular ears, with tassels at their ends, like those of a lynx. Thanks to this, the animal received its second name “swamp lynx”. The upper part of the body is gray-brown with a reddish tint, the lower part is light. The tail is darker than the body with several brown rings and black at the end. The muzzle is reddish, only the chin is white. Kittens are striped, but on the body of adults the pattern appears poorly.
In summer the fur is short, in winter it is thick and lush.
You can meet the animal in the Caucasus and Central Asia. The cat tries to avoid open space, so it settles mainly in dense reed thickets, in forests near large lakes and seas. The predator does not tolerate frost well, so you will not see it high in the mountains. In spring it can be found in mountainous areas. Sometimes live next to people.
The predator prefers the night time. It goes hunting at dusk, although in winter it goes in search of prey during the day. He is an excellent hunter. Usually attacks from an ambush, but can also watch for prey near a hole. He can swim well. Occasionally it can climb onto a tree.
Their diet is quite varied. Cats mainly eat rodents and birds. They can eat fish, lizards, snakes, and turtles. In some cases, it hunts rabbits, hares and other small animals. They can feed on domestic chickens, ducks, and geese.
This is a cautious and secretive animal that prefers to hide in reed thickets during the day. The animal has excellent hearing, so when it hears that prey has appeared nearby, it quietly sneaks up and catches it. He can catch a bird in flight thanks to his ability to jump high.
The predator prefers to live alone. One male can live in a large territory, which he fiercely defends from other males. On average, the territory of a jungle cat covers from 50 to 200 km. Several females can live in this area.
Although the jungle cat is a loner, during breeding the animals form families, which include a male, a female and their children.
The mating season for cats falls in February-March. Males fiercely fight for the attention of females, emitting loud cries. Pregnancy lasts about two months. Shortly before giving birth, the female sets up a cozy nest, which she lines with dry leaves, moss and wool, and sometimes uses empty badger and fox holes.
At one time, a cat can bring from three to six kittens. Newborns weigh up to 150 grams. Kittens are born blind. The eyes open two weeks after birth. The female protects and takes care of the kittens. Children grow very quickly and within six months they become adults and can produce offspring.
The purpose of the lesson:
1. Introduce children to World Heritage sites
1. Arouse their interest in reading educational literature
2. Learn to work with information: extract it from additional material, use it to solve assigned problems
3. To form in students the belief that each person is personally responsible for the state of the natural environment.
During the classes
I. Organizing time. Communicate the topic and objectives of the lesson.
Teacher. Guys, today we will learn about the treasures of the Earth protected by man, about the World Heritage of nature, culture and the International Red Book.
II. Testing knowledge and skills.
We will get acquainted with the amazing treasures of the Earth and learn about the work people do to protect these attractions.
Students read independently.
Teacher. In ancient times, unusual creations of human hands, which amazed contemporaries with their beauty, size, and execution technique, were called the “Seven Wonders of the World.”
The teacher demonstrates drawings depicting the seven wonders of the world:
1. Pyramids in Giza (Egypt).
2. Hanging Gardens of Babylon (Iraq).
3. Tomb of King Mavsol (Türkiye).
4. Temple of Artemis of Ephesus (Türkiye).
5. Statue of Zeus (Olympus, Greece).
6. Colossus of Rhodes (Greece).
7. Pharos, Alexandria Lighthouse (Egypt).
Teacher. Currently only the Egyptian pyramids. All other wonders were destroyed by fires, earthquakes, and raids by foreign invaders. The Great Pyramid of Cheops was built between the third and fourth millennia BC. One hundred thousand people laid 2,300,000 stone slabs over 20 years, each of which weighed about two tons. It took 40 people to put one slab in place. The Pyramid of Cheops is the tallest of all Egyptian pyramids, its height is 146 meters.
To prevent the world from being deprived of these priceless treasures, the idea arose to declare outstanding natural and cultural attractions World Heritage.
– Which two parts are united by the name “World Heritage”?
Students. World Heritage includes objects of nature and objects created by human hands.
Teacher. What are these two parts called?
Students. The “World Natural Heritage” is the objects of nature, and the objects created by human hands are the “World Cultural Heritage”.
The teacher asks you to fill out the diagram:
Teacher. Consider the World Heritage logo. How are these two parts connected?
Students. These two parts are inseparable from each other, as evidenced by the World Heritage emblem. The circle symbolizes nature, and the square in the center symbolizes the creations of human hands.
Teacher. Currently, a World Heritage List has been created, which is updated annually. This list contains natural and cultural objects of our country.
IV. Work on the map in the textbook.
Teacher. Let's study the diagram map on p. 56–57 textbook. pay attention to symbols. What natural heritage sites do you see on the map? Please indicate the continent when answering.
Students. Grand Canyon (North America), Iguazu Falls (South America), Victoria Falls (Africa), Great Barrier Reef (Australia), Kamchatka volcanoes, Lake Baikal (Eurasia), Altai - Golden Mountains (Eurasia).
The teacher shows drawings and photographs depicting natural heritage sites.
Teacher. Name the World Cultural Heritage sites.
Students. The Statue of Liberty in New York, the Abu Simbel temple, Memphis - the ancient capital of Egypt, the Acropolis of Athens, Venice, the Moscow Kremlin and Red Square, Kizhi - wooden churches, the historical center of St. Petersburg, the Great Wall of China.
The teacher demonstrates drawings and photographs depicting cultural heritage objects.
Students do the exercises for the teacher.
We quickly went down to the lake,
They bent down and washed.
One two three four,
What a wonderful refreshment!
Hello, miracle lake.
V. Work on new topic lesson.
Teacher. Who guessed what miracle lake the poem is talking about?
Students. About Lake Baikal.
The teacher invites you to listen to the message of the prepared student.
Students. I'll tell you about a lake that resembles a huge stone bowl. This bowl is filled with 336 rivers, and only one flows out of it - the Angara. This is the deepest lake in the world. In some places its depth reaches 1642 meters. If we decided to measure this depth, we would need a pole the size of three Ostankino television towers.
Baikal is so large and powerful that local fishermen call it the sea. Just like in the real sea, there are also fierce storms and storms. They say that the name “Baikal” means “rich lake”. Well, it is indeed rich: there are a lot of valuable fish in its waters, dense forests line its shores, and mineral deposits lie in the depths of the surrounding mountains. And Baikal water itself is a great wealth. Baikal is the largest bowl in the world with the most fresh water. The water in Baikal is so clear that from a boat you can often see stones and sand at a depth of thirteen meters. There are many animals in Baikal that are not found anywhere else. Here you can find the Baikal seal, the deep-sea fish Golomyanka, and the Baikal omul.
Teacher. So we must preserve this miracle of nature, this miracle of nature rich in fish and delicious cold water, forever.
Teacher. Attention! A telegram arrived from the environmental center.
The teacher reads the text:
That the sky without birds is not heaven!
And a sea without fish is not a sea!
And a land without animals is not a land!
Save us, friends!
Students. Guys, who do you think could have sent this telegram?
Students. Endangered species of plants and animals.
Teacher. Which book contains endangered species of plants and animals in our country?
Students. In the Red Book of Russia.
Teacher. There is also an International Red Book. It contains the rarest animals and plants different countries. This book was first published in 1966; it included descriptions of 200 species of birds, about 100 species of mammals and 25 thousand species of plants. The main purpose of the book is to identify and take into account those species of organisms that may become extinct, the conservation of which requires special protective measures.
The teacher invites students to look at p. 60–61 of the textbook, drawings depicting several species of animals from the International Red Book.
Teacher. Try to explain why these species are endangered.
Students. Saltwater crocodiles are killed for their beautiful skin. Jewelry is made from turtle shells, and the meat is eaten.
Teacher. Why was the giant panda included in the Red Book? The text “Giant Panda” on p. will help you answer this question. 61–62 textbooks.
Students read the article.
Students (answer the question). Because pandas were caught for zoos, shot for museums, and pandas live only in the mountain forests of China.
VI. Consolidation of the studied material.
Teacher. It's time to summarize the lesson. What is World Heritage?
Students. These are World Natural Heritage and World Cultural Heritage.
Teacher. Write down the natural and cultural objects that you learned in today's lesson in the World Heritage chart.
Students name World Heritage sites and write them down in a diagram.
Teacher. Name the animals that are listed in the International Red Book.
Students name the types of animals.
VII. Lesson summary. Grading.
Students read the conclusion on p. 62 textbooks.
Answer the “Test yourself” questions; Complete the tasks according to the options: Option I – task 1, Option II – task 2.
Lesson type: combined
Target
- formation of a holistic picture of the world and awareness of man’s place in it based on the unity of rational-scientific knowledge and the child’s emotional and value-based understanding of his personal experience of communicating with people and nature;
Characteristics of student activities
Understand educational objectives of the lesson, strive to fulfill them.
To tell about reasons for the creation of the World Heritage List. Distinguish World natural cultural heritage sites. Work in pairs: get to know each other according to the map - diagram with the most significant World Heritage sites, determine them from photographs, meet according to the textbook drawing and read about the animal from the International Red Book. Prepare communications about World Heritage sites.
Formulate conclusions from the studied material, reply to final questions and evaluate achievements in the lesson.
Planned results
Subject (know, be able to)
Know rules of human behavior, historical and cultural monuments.
Be able to use knowledge to assess human impact on nature.
Metasubject (Regulatory. Cognitive. Communicative)
P. - search for the necessary information to perform educational assignments using various sources.
R. - show cognitive initiative in educational cooperation.
K. - formulate one’s own opinion and position; be active in interaction
Personal results
Motivational basis educational activities, including educational and cognitive motives.
Self-assessment based on criteria for the success of educational activities
Basic concepts and definitions
Preparing to learn new material
Let's find out what World Heritage and the international Red Book are. Let's learn to give examples of World Heritage sites and animals from the international Red Book.
Think about what the words “World Heritage” might mean. If you know what it is, be prepared to explain it in class. Remember what you know about the Red Book of Russia. Name some plants and animals from this book
Learning new material
Treasures of the Earth UNDER THE PROTECTION OF HUMANITY
WORLD HERITAGE
In the 60s of the 20th century, a giant dam was built on the Nile River in Egypt. An artificial lake was formed, stretching for hundreds of kilometers. The water in it kept rising, and a unique ancient monument was under threat of flooding - Abu Simbel Temple. The whole world was in alarm: would the amazing temple really disappear from the face of the earth?! A project to save him was urgently developed. And people managed to perform a miracle: in a short time, a huge temple carved into the rock was moved to a safe place! To do this, it was cut into thousands of blocks and recreated on a higher site where water would not threaten it.
From this incident, humanity learned a very serious lesson. People realized that due to ill-conceived economic activities, the whole world could lose priceless treasures. The idea arose to declare the most outstanding natural and cultural attractions World Heritage, subject to mandatory protection. This is how the World Heritage List came into being. It is conducted by an authoritative international organization - UNESCO (United Nations Organization for
issues of education, science and culture).
World Heritage includes natural sites (World Natural Heritage) and human friction (World Cultural Heritage). These are two inseparable parts of one whole. Their unity is emphasized by the World Heritage emblem, in which the circle symbolizes nature and the square
in the center are the creations of man.
Like most countries in the world, Russia supported the idea of creating a World Heritage List. Now it includes a number of natural and cultural objects of our country. Every year the UNESCO World Heritage List is updated
Comprehension and understanding of acquired knowledge
Study the map.(1,2,3) . With its help, find out which objects are included in the World Heritage List. Which of them belong to GL) natural heritage, and which – to cultural? Which of the objects on this list are located in Russia? Complete the task in workbook.
1
2
3
Identify World Heritage Sites from photographs. Test yourself on the “Self-Test Pages”. Find these objects on the map.
Read the text. Use it as a template to prepare your own message.
Lake Baikal
This is the deepest lake in the world. Its greatest depth is 1642 meters! It contains 1/5 of the total fresh water planets. If it suddenly happened that all the people of the world were left without drinking water, then there would be enough water in Lake Baikal for all of humanity for 7 thousand years! The lake is home to a variety of plants and animals. Almost 2/3 of them are found only here and nowhere else!
Unfortunately, a pulp and paper mill was built on the shores of the great lake. During its existence, a huge amount of wastewater was discharged into the lake. They were enough to spoil a considerable part of the purest Baikal water. The crustaceans living in the lake, which are capable of filtering and purifying the water, are dying from pollution. Fish in Baikal began to grow more slowly, and its fertility decreased. Living organisms that are not found anywhere else in the world are dying...
Let's discuss!
How will you complement your story about the world from the point of view of an ecologist, using the knowledge gained in the lesson?
Independent application of knowledge
What is World Heritage? 2. Give examples of World Natural and Cultural Heritage sites. 3. What World Heritage sites are located in Russia? 4. What is the IUCN Red List? 5. Give examples of animals from the International Red Book.
Conclusion.World Heritage is the most outstanding natural and cultural attractions of the whole world, subject to mandatory protection. The International Red Book (IUCN Red Book) is a book that lists the rarest species of plants and animals from different countries.
Assignment for homework
Using the encyclopedia, other additional literature or the Internet, prepare a report about one of the World Heritage sites, about one of the animals of the International Red Book (of your choice).
Teacher welcomes students, check your workstations.
Today in class we will continue to study our Earth. Our goal is to study the historical past of the Earth and understand the value of this past.
In ancient times, unusual creations of human hands, which amazed contemporaries with their beauty, size, and execution technique, were called the “Seven Wonders of the World.” Unfortunately, we will not be able to see them in all their splendor; they were destroyed by man, and only one miracle - the Egyptian pyramids - has survived to this day.
What makes these pyramids unique?
Who has been to Egypt and seen these pyramids?
How could man destroy priceless treasures?
Working with the textbook:
Read in the textbook on page 54.
9 – Klyuchevskaya Sopka – one of the most active (eruptions once every 5 years).
-Do you think the list of World Natural Heritage is being replenished?
Why? (Students' reflections)
Could this list get smaller?
1. Statue of Liberty- a sculptural structure located on Liberty Island in New York Harbor. A world-famous architectural monument and symbol of America.
The statue in the form of a woman with a burning torch in her raised right hand symbolizes freedom. On the left is a sign that says: “July 4, 1776.” This is the date the Declaration of Independence was signed. 1 leg stands on broken shackles. 7 rays on the head - 7 world oceans and continents.
2. Venice- a city in the North. Italy. Was founded in the middle of the 5th century
1 - Gondola near the small bridge over the canal.
2 - Grand Canal
3 - Realto Bridge, spanning the Grand Canal.
4 - Church of Santa Maria
3. Acropolis of Athens- an elevated and fortified part of the ancient Greek city.
4. The Great Wall of China has a length of 6000 km.
1. Moscow
1 – Red Square
2 – Kremlin
3 – Historical Museum
4, 5, 6 – St. Basil's Cathedral.
7 – Mausoleum
8 – Ancient Cathedrals of the Kremlin
9 – Ivan the Great Bell Tower and the Tsar Bell
10 – Tsar Bell Bridge over the Moscow River
11 and 12 – Chamber of Facets (late 15th century)
13 – Eternal flame at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier near the Kremlin wall
2. St. Petersburg
No. of pictures:
1 and 2 – Palace Square Kazan Cathedral
3 – Winter Palace – Hermitage
5 – Kunstkamera
6 - Palace Bridge
7 and 8 - Peter and Paul Fortress
9 - Bronze Horseman
6 – St. Isaac's Cathedral
7 – Cruiser “Aurora”
The Earth's priceless treasures include rare and endangered species of plants and animals. The Red Book was first published in 1966; it included descriptions of 200 species of birds, about 100 species of mammals and 25 thousand species of plants.
- For what purpose was the World Red Book created?
- What other Red Books do you know?
-Game “Find animals listed in the Red Book” and explain why they ended up there
Big panda- This is a giant raccoon. Lives in bamboo mountain forests, because it feeds exclusively on leaves and shoots of bamboo, at an altitude of 3 km. The panda is so similar in appearance to a bear that it is called the “bamboo bear.” It is a rare animal. The panda is the symbol of the World Wildlife Fund.
White Rhino – the largest of the rhinoceroses. It can reach a length of 4 m, a height of 2 m, and a weight of more than 4 tons (like 2 Volgas). The peculiarity of the white rhinoceros is that they eat shoots at ground level; for this they have a specially adapted upper lip. They live on the plains, at the foot of the mountains, in Africa. Loves to take mud baths. Therefore, despite the name, it has a dark gray color, not white.
Saltwater crocodile- the largest representative of the crocodile tribe. Length from 6 to 9 m, weight about 500 kg. Lives along the coasts of India, Indonesia and Australia. Hidden, rarely comes out, there is never a lot of him anywhere.
Green sea turtle(soup) lives in all oceans except the Arctic Ocean. Weighs from 200 to 450 kg. The length of the shell reaches 1 m. Its life is in danger. Sea turtles often mistake plastic bags floating in the water for their food - jellyfish. And when they grab this garbage with their jaws, they suffocate.
Orangutans They live in humid forests such as South-East Asia. They build nests in trees and rarely come down to the ground. However, only a few thousand orangutans survived in Indonesia and Malaysia because they have nowhere to live - their forests are being cut down by people.
Hercules beetle V South America.
Ornithoptera Alexandra– one of the longest-winged and fastest butterflies. Lives in the tropics.
-What objects belong to nature?
- What objects are made by human hands?
- Did you like the lesson?
What new have you learned?
What did you remember most about the lesson?
Target: introduce students to World Heritage sites, show the beauty and uniqueness of these attractions.
Tasks: introduce the International Red Book; to form in students the belief that each person is personally responsible for the state of the natural environment; develop cognitive interest.
Visual teaching aids: an exhibition of books, paintings depicting natural and cultural landmarks of the World Heritage, a poster, cards with the names of animals.
During the classes:
І . Org. moment
The lesson begins
It will be useful for the guys,
Try to understand everything
Learn to reveal secrets,
Give complete answers,
To get paid for work
Only a “five” rating!
? Today we will learn about the treasures of the Earth protected by man, about the World Heritage of nature, culture, and the International Red Book.
II. Repetition of covered material
1. Observation diary
? What day on the calendar does autumn begin? (From September 21st, this is the day of the autumnal equinox.)
? What changes occur in nature with the arrival of autumn?
? Tell me, what day is it today, what's the weather like?
? September - gloomy, howler. The sky is frowning more and more often, the wind is roaring. Autumn has its own work schedule, like spring, only in reverse. She starts with the air. High above your head, the leaves on the trees gradually begin to turn yellow, red, and brown. When you wake up in the morning and see frost on the grass for the first time, write in your diary: “Autumn has begun.” From this day, or rather, from this night, because the first frost always occurs in the morning, leaves will be torn off from the branches more and more often, until the leaf-swirling winds blow out and tear off all the luxurious attire from the forest. The swifts have disappeared. Swallows and other migratory birds that fly with us gather in flocks and, unnoticed, at night, depart on a long journey. The air is empty and the water is cold. And suddenly - like a memory of the red summer - a bucket is established: warm, clear, quiet days.
2. Checking homework. Graphic dictation.
? If you agree with my statement, please give me a sign? (“yes”), and if this is not so – a sign? ("No"):
? Man is the ruler and conqueror of nature.
? Ancient people were acutely aware of their dependence on the vagaries of the environment.
? Ecology is the science of the interactions of animal organisms and their communities with each other and with the environment in which they live.
? The causes of ocean pollution are: petroleum products, industrial and household waste, wastewater fields and farms, toxic and radioactive waste that people dump into the seas and oceans.
? Deforestation of tropical forests is not environmental problem Earth.
? All garbage thrown away by people quickly self-destructs.
? The international environmental organization Greenpeace has a panda logo.
? World Fund wildlife collects and distributes funds necessary for the protection of rare species of living organisms.
Answer: ????????
III. Learning a new topic
1. Story-conversation
? We are starting a meeting of the environmental council. The theme of the meeting is “Treasures of the Earth under the protection of humanity.”
From ancient times, the fame of seven works of architecture and sculpture, already called wonders of the world, has reached our time. Unfortunately, we will not be able to see them in all their splendor; they were destroyed by man, and only one miracle - the Egyptian pyramids - has survived to this day.
Egyptian pyramids
Not far from the city of Cairo, among the yellow sands of the desert, huge stone pyramids rise. The largest of them is the pyramid of Khufu. And this stone mountain without windows and without doors is being built only for one person - the Egyptian king, Pharaoh. Almost all the pyramids have long been plundered. But scientists still sometimes manage to penetrate the secrets of the pyramids and make amazing discoveries and finds.
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
These gardens were built at the behest of the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar. He took a wife from the distant country of Media, where there were many shady forests. The young queen missed her homeland very much, and the king, to console her, ordered gardens to be laid out. On the banks of the Euphrates River, four huge wide terraces were built, one above the other. The terraces were supported by columns and connected by staircases made of white and pink marble.
The stone floor of the terraces was covered with a thick layer of earth, so thick that palm trees, plane trees, and cypresses grew on the terraces. The bushes were intertwined so densely that they did not let in the scorching sun. Climbing plants crawled from tier to tier and entwined the columns. There were bright flowers; Outlandish birds flew sparkling with their plumage.
Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
Statue of Olympian Zeus
Zeus is the supreme deity of the ancient Greeks. In honor of Zeus, every four "years in the city of Olympia, Olympic competitions were held in those days. Here, in Olympia, was the largest temple of Zeus. The statue of Olympian Zeus was created by the great sculptor of antiquity - Phidias. He made it from two precious materials - Ivory and gold, placed on a wooden base. And what magnificent decorations sparkled on Zeus’s clothes! Flowers, fish, animals made from precious stones.
Mausoleum at Helicarnassus
This is the giant tomb of King Mausolus and his wife Artemisia.
Above the high blank walls of the first floor rose an elegant small temple, surrounded by a marble colonnade. Marble lions standing between the columns seemed to be guarding the mausoleum. The same lions and galloping horsemen decorated the staircase at the entrance to the building.
Like a pointed hat, a stepped roof rose above the mausoleum. It was crowned with a magnificent sculpture - a chariot drawn by four mighty horses.
The Colossus of Rhodes
Alexandrian lighthouse
Built on the island of Pharos off the coast of Egypt.
? To prevent the world from being deprived of priceless treasures in the future, the idea arose to declare outstanding natural and cultural attractions World Heritage.
? World Heritage includes natural objects, united under the name "World Natural Heritage", and objects created by human hands, united under the name "World Cultural Heritage". These two parts are inseparable from each other, as evidenced by the World Heritage emblem. The circle symbolizes nature, and the square in the center symbolizes the creations of human hands. The World Heritage List has now been created and is updated every year.
2. Working with the textbook
? Let's study the diagram map on pages 56-57 of the textbook. Pay attention to the legend. What natural heritage sites do you see on the map? Please indicate the continent when answering. (Grand Canyon in North America, Iguazu Falls in South America, Victoria Falls in Africa, Great Barrier Reef off the coast of Australia, Kamchatka volcanoes, Lake Baikal, Altai - Golden Mountains in Eurasia.)
? Name the cultural heritage sites. (The Statue of Liberty in New York, Memphis - the ancient capital of Egypt, the Acropolis of Athens, Venice, the Moscow Kremlin and Red Square, Kizhi - wooden churches).
? And we will read about the World Natural Heritage of our country - about Lake Baikal - from a textbook.
? Why do you think we are obliged to preserve this unique lake?
? You know that the priceless treasures of the Earth include rare and endangered species of plants and animals.
? In your textbook on pp. 60, 61 there are drawings of several species of animals from the International Red Book. Explain why these species are endangered.
? Let's read a story about a giant panda.
? Why was the giant panda included in the Red Book?
? We can still preserve rare species of plants and animals if each of them understands:
“The sky without birds is not the sky!
And a sea without fish is not a sea!
And a land without animals is not a land!”
3. Working with notebooks (writing definitions)
IV. Physical education minute
We're getting higher
We reach the roofs with our hands.
On two counts - we rose,
Three, four - hands down.
Raise your shoulders
Jump, grasshoppers.
V. Fixing the material
? At our meeting we discussed two important issues. It's time to take stock and take notes. What is World Heritage?
? Let's write down the diagram.
? Name the World Natural Heritage sites.
? Name the World Cultural Heritage sites.
VI. Lesson summary. Grading.
? What new did we learn in class today?
? Did you like our lesson today? How?
VII. Homework: pp. 54-62, question. "Check yourself".