Young pioneer city of Kerch. The Seven Most Famous Pioneer Heroes

Valya Kotik, the youngest Hero, was born on February 11, 1930 Soviet Union, young partisan reconnaissance. Along with him, many children performed exploits during the war. We decided to remember a few more pioneer heroes of World War II.

Valya Kotik

1. Valya Kotik was born into a peasant family in the village of Khmelevka, Shepetovsky district in the Kamenets-Podolsk region of Ukraine. This territory was occupied by German troops. When the war began, Valya had just entered the sixth grade. However, he accomplished many feats. At first, he worked to collect weapons and ammunition, drew and posted caricatures of the Nazis. Then the teenager was trusted more meaningful work. The boy has a job as a messenger in underground organization, several battles in which he was wounded twice, a rupture of the telephone cable through which the invaders communicated with Hitler’s headquarters in Warsaw. In addition, Valya blew up six railway trains and a warehouse, and in October 1943, while on patrol, he threw grenades at an enemy tank, killed a German officer and warned the detachment in time about the attack, thereby saving the lives of the soldiers. The boy was mortally wounded in the battle for the city of Izyaslav on February 16, 1944. 14 years later he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In addition, he was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order Patriotic War I degree and medals “Partisan of the Patriotic War” II degree.

Peter Klypa

2. When the war began, Petya Klypa was fifteen years old. On June 21, 1941, Petya, together with his friend Kolya Novikov, a boy a year or a year and a half older than him, who was also a student in the music production plant, watched a movie in the Brest Fortress. It was especially crowded there. In the evening, Petya decided not to return home, but to spend the night in the barracks with Kolya, and the next morning the boys were going to go fishing. They did not yet know that they would wake up amid roaring explosions, seeing blood and death around them... The assault on the fortress began on June 22 at three o'clock in the morning. Petya, who jumped out of bed, was thrown against the wall by the explosion. He hit himself hard and lost consciousness. Having come to his senses, the boy immediately grabbed the rifle. He coped with his anxiety and helped his older comrades in everything. During the following days of defense, Petya went on reconnaissance missions, carrying ammunition and medical supplies for the wounded. All the time, risking his life, Petya carried out difficult and dangerous tasks, participated in battles and at the same time was always cheerful, cheerful, constantly humming some kind of song, and the very sight of this daring, cheerful boy raised the spirit of the fighters and added strength to them. What can we say: from childhood he chose a military vocation for himself, looking at his older brother-lieutenant, and wanted to become the commander of the Red Army (from the book “Brest Fortress” by S.S. Smirnov - 1965). By 1941, Petya had already served for several years in the army as a graduate of the regiment and during this time became a real military man.
When the situation in the fortress became hopeless, they decided to send children and women into captivity to try to save them. When Petya was told about this, the boy was outraged. “Am I not a Red Army soldier?” he asked the commander indignantly. Later, Petya and his comrades managed to swim across the river and break through the German ring. He was taken prisoner, and even there Petya was able to distinguish himself. The guys were assigned to a large column of prisoners of war, which was being led across the Bug under strong escort. They were filmed by a group of German cameramen for military chronicles. Suddenly, all black with dust and gunpowder soot, a half-naked and bloodied boy, walking in the first row of the column, raised his fist and threatened directly at the camera lens. It must be said that this act seriously infuriated the Germans. The boy was almost killed. But he remained alive and lived for a long time.
It’s hard to wrap my head around it, but the young hero was imprisoned for not informing on a comrade who committed a crime. He spent seven of his required 25 years in Kolyma.

Vilor Chekmak

3. Partisan resistance fighter Vilor Chekmak had just finished 8th grade at the beginning of the war. The boy had a congenital heart disease, despite this, he went to war. A 15-year-old teenager saved Sevastopol at the cost of his life partisan detachment. On November 10, 1941, he was on patrol. The guy noticed the approach of the enemy. Having warned the squad about the danger, he alone took the battle. Vilor fired back, and when the cartridges ran out, he allowed the enemies to approach him and blew himself up along with the Nazis with a grenade. He was buried in the cemetery of WWII veterans in the village of Dergachi near Sevastopol. After the war, Vilor’s birthday became the Day of Young Defenders of Sevastopol.

Arkady Kamanin

4. Arkady Kamanin was the youngest pilot of World War II. He started flying when he was only 14 years old. This is not at all surprising, given that before the boy’s eyes was the example of his father - the famous pilot and military leader N.P. Kamanin. Arkady was born on Far East, and subsequently fought on several fronts: Kalinin - from March 1943; 1st Ukrainian - from June 1943; 2nd Ukrainian - from September 1944. The boy flew to division headquarters, to regimental command posts, and delivered food to the partisans. The teenager was given his first award at the age of 15 - it was the Order of the Red Star. Arkady saved the pilot who crashed an Il-2 attack aircraft in no man's land. Later he was also awarded the Order of the Red Banner. The boy died at the age of 18 from meningitis. During his, albeit short, life, he flew more than 650 missions and logged 283 hours of flight time.

Lenya Golikov

5. One more young hero Soviet Union - Lenya Golikov - born in the Novgorod region. When the war came, he graduated from seven classes. Leonid was a scout of the 67th detachment of the fourth Leningrad partisan brigade. He participated in 27 combat operations. Leni Golikov killed 78 Germans, he destroyed 2 railway and 12 highway bridges, 2 food and feed warehouses and 10 vehicles with ammunition. In addition, he was accompanying a food convoy that was being transported to besieged Leningrad.
The feat of Leni Golikov in August 1942 is especially famous. On the 13th, he was returning from reconnaissance from the Luga-Pskov highway, not far from the village of Varnitsa, Strugokrasnensky district. The boy threw a grenade and blew up a car with a German major general engineering troops Richard von Wirtz. The young Hero died in battle on January 24, 1943.

Volodya Dubinin

6. Volodya Dubinin died at the age of 15. The pioneer hero was a member of a partisan detachment in Kerch. Together with two other guys, he carried ammunition, water, food to the partisans, and went on reconnaissance missions.
In 1942, the boy volunteered to help his adult comrades - sappers. They cleared the approaches to the quarries. An explosion occurred - a mine exploded, and along with it one of the sappers and Volodya Dubinin. The boy was buried in the partisan grave. He was posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
The city was named in honor of Volodya, streets in several populated areas, made a film and wrote two books.

Marat with his sister Ariadna

7. Marat Kazei was 13 years old when his mother died, and he and his sister joined the partisan detachment. The Germans hanged my mother, Anna Kazei, in Minsk because she hid wounded partisans and treated them.
Marat's sister, Ariadne, had to be evacuated - the girl froze both legs when the partisan detachment left the encirclement, and they had to be amputated. However, the boy refused to be evacuated and remained in service. For courage and courage in battles, he was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, medals “For Courage” (wounded, raised the partisans to attack) and “For Military Merit.” The young partisan died when he was blown up by a grenade. The boy blew himself up so as not to surrender and not bring trouble to the residents of a nearby village.

In order for Russia now, in the 21st century, to not only live, but also implement grandiose projects - like a bridge between Taman and Kerch - people living in previous centuries had to fight and win victories. And often - and give their lives so that others can continue the work.

On August 29, one of those who died in the twentieth century for Kerch and for the entire country, Vladimir Nikiforovich Dubinin, would have turned 90 years old. Now he would be one of the youngest veterans of the Great Patriotic War. But... He remained 14 years old forever. And to tens of millions of Soviet schoolchildren he was known not by his first and patronymic names, but only by his given name - Volodya.

The future hero was born on August 29, 1927 in the family of the Kerch sailor Nikifor Semenovich Dubinin. At one time, Nikifor Semenovich fought in the Civil War on the side of the Reds.

One day, Volodya, together with his second cousin Vanya Gritsenko, like other boys in Kerch, was climbing quarries in the village of Old Karantin. The guys started a game of hide and seek there, and suddenly Volodya fell into a deep hole. And I was surprised to see the inscription: “N. Dubinin, I. Gritsenko, 1919.” The adults pulled the boy out and began to scold him for his carelessness, but he only thought about the inscription. His father was on a flight at the time. When Nikifor Semenovich returned, his son told him about what he saw in the quarries.

My father was surprised that the inscription had been preserved, and began to tell Volodya about how he and his friend were partisans in Grazhdanskaya. Of course, these stories had an inspiring effect on the boy. But who would have thought then that Volodya himself would have to face a war - and not at all the Civil War...

Volodya became seriously interested in building aircraft models in a circle at the House of Pioneers. At first he didn't do very well. The boys launched models from Mount Mithridates, and one day Volodin’s glider did not take off. The other guys laughed at him, and only one of them, Zhenya Bychkov, tried to explain what the mistakes were. But as soon as the boys were left alone, the weather in Kerch suddenly deteriorated. It started to rain, and with it a thunderstorm. Zhenya stumbled and injured his leg. He told his friend to save the model, but Volodya decided to save Zhenya and helped him down. Since then, the guys became strong friends and began to practice gliders together. And soon Volodya began to succeed. And it wasn’t easy – his model set a record at city competitions. For this he was awarded a ticket to the Artek pioneer camp.

Perhaps he would have continued to do this work and would have become an outstanding aircraft designer. But soon the very day came that dramatically changed the fate of the entire people and the entire country - June 22, 1941... The Great Patriotic War began.

Nikifor Semenovich Dubinin was sent to the front. Oh, how Volodya begged to take him with you! Naturally, my father could not do this... Having given away his aircraft models, Volodya went to the city committee of the Komsomol - he wanted to sign up as a volunteer for the front. But, of course, nothing came of this either - the brave man was too young. He was ordered to go to school instead of the front.

But his cousin - the same Gritsenko who once fought with his father in the Civil War - gave the boy the first task: he ordered him to collect empty bottles to make incendiary shells against fascist tanks.

Soon Kerch began to be bombed. All that was left of the school were ruins. Volodya wanted to fight the Nazis even more.

Second cousin, Vanya Gritsenko, was older. He was taken into a partisan detachment that was supposed to go down into the adits in Old Karantina - the very ones where the boys once played hide and seek. Volodya found out about this and began to ask to join the detachment. At first, the adults really didn’t want to take him because of his age. But the detachment commander, Alexander Zyabrev, hesitated and decided to give the daredevil a chance. Another boy, Tolya Kovalev, went underground with them.

The guys wanted real work. They asked to join the intelligence service, but they were assigned the “prose of life” - peeling potatoes. Well, for the life support of the detachment it was necessary to do this too.

But soon the partisans made a sortie, during which Alexander Zyabrev died. The partisans vowed to avenge the death of their commander. The Nazis, frightened by the attack, found out about the detachment and cordoned off the Old Quarantine, and mined the exits from the quarries.

The partisans lacked the basic necessities for survival: water. It was necessary for someone to climb up: not only to get water, but also to find out what the Nazis were doing. And this is where the courage and enthusiasm of the youngest participants came in handy - boys who can crawl through narrow holes where adults cannot get through.

Volodya, together with Vanya and Tolya, happily took on new tasks, although they were very difficult and risky. One day, during reconnaissance, Volodya approached Gritsenko’s house, where his mother, Evdokia Timofeevna, now lived. He looked at her, but he couldn’t show himself to her...

When the Nazis attempted to take the detachment holed up in the quarries by storm, the boys brought ammunition and helped the adult fighters in every possible way. They were putting out a fire caused by a bomb. In general, they provided invaluable assistance to the detachment.

One day, during reconnaissance, Volodya learned important information: the Nazis were preparing to flood the quarries in order to deal with the partisans. When he tried to warn his comrades, he saw that there were enemies standing near the hole through which he usually made his way. Then he distracted the Nazis with a rope, tying it to the bushes and starting to pull. The enemy soldiers thought that someone was hiding in the bushes, were distracted from the hole, and Volodya dashed there.

Unfortunately, almost all connections with outside world for the detachment were lost. The partisans decided to break through a new passage, where the Nazis would not notice. Someone needed to be sent up. But there was only a very tiny loophole that only Volodya could get into. They sent him. It was already the eve of the new year, 1942.

The partisans did not yet know that the city had just been liberated during the Kerch-Feodosia landing operation. The young scout brought them this good news. Along with him came Soviet sappers who cleared the entrances to the quarries. Volodya’s mother was also able to come there, proud of her son.

It would seem that the worst thing has been experienced. People escaped from the underground fortress, saw their homes, their loved ones. Met New Year. But on February 4, Volodya Dubinin volunteered to help the sappers who wanted to clear the entire area. Unfortunately, during the operation, a mine exploded, which took the lives of a brave boy and four adult sappers.

And for Kerch, as it turned out, terrible things were yet to come. The Nazis managed to recapture the city. But he was released again.

And, probably, it is not entirely a coincidence that it was on the 90th anniversary of the birth of Volodya Dubinin, August 29, 2017, that the first arch of the Crimean Bridge was installed. After all, now, in our time, we had to liberate Crimea again - and not from anyone, but from the ideological heirs of those who then bombed Kerch and other cities, who mined passages in the quarries, trying to strangle a small detachment, who killed Volodya Dubinin... And now the heirs of fascism are trying to kill and historical memory... But how good it is that at least Crimea and a significant territory of Donbass were saved from this modern horror. And the names of the heroes are with us. And the right to Crimea has precisely the people among whom these heroes grew up, the people who respect them and sacredly preserve their memory.

When I was at school, I read books about pioneer heroes with great interest. As pioneers, my classmates and I discussed these books and talked a lot about the exploits of our peers. Probably, then our librarians did a lot of work to instill patriotism in us.

Today, turning to the heroic pages of the history of our Fatherland, I would like my students = our children to admire the Personalities, Heroes, Great Creators.

At the age of 12, I read Lev Kassil’s story “The Street of the Youngest Son”, and later watched the film of the same name (directed by Lev Golub, produced by “Belarusfilm”, 1962). The hero of the book is Volodya Dubinin, a 14-year-old pioneer who became a scout during the Great Patriotic War.

On there is the city of Kerch, a hero city.

Here, on August 29, 1927, a son, Volodya, was born into the family of Nikifor Semyonovich and Evdokia Timofeevna Dubinin. Nikifor Dubinin in the years Civil War fought against the whites in a partisan detachment, and later became a sailor. He worked both on the Black Sea and in the Arctic, so the family managed to travel around the country.
In 1936, Volodya went to school. Volodya was interested in sports, drawing, and amateur performances. At the House of Pioneers he was involved in an aircraft modeling club and his models were always the best. For active community service and after good studies he was sent to rest at Artek.

The Great Patriotic War broke out. His father, sailor Nikifor Semyonovich, went to the front, and Volodya, his mother and sister Valya moved temporarily to their relatives in the village of Old Karantin, located six kilometers from Kerch (inDuring the first months of the war, fascist troops were already approaching Kerch. Residents of the city were actively preparing for the underground struggle).

Volodya Dubinin also dreamed of fighting the occupiers. With the capture of Kerch, the partisans went to the Starokarantinsky underground quarries near the city. Already on November 7, 1941, an underground partisan fortress appeared in the deep depths. It was from here that the partisans made their forays.

The partisans loved 12-year-old Volodya; for them he was their common son. Volodya Dubinin went on reconnaissance missions with his friends Tolya Kovalev and Vanya Gritsenko. Young scouts provided valuable information about the location of enemy units, the number of German troops. The partisans, based on this data, planned their combat operations. Intelligence helped the detachment in December 1941 to give a worthy rebuff to the punitive forces. In the adits during the battle, Volodya Dubinin brought ammunition to the soldiers, and then replaced the seriously wounded soldier.

Volodya was short, so he could get out through very narrow manholes. Thanks to Volodya’s data, Soviet artillery suppressed the points of the German division that were rushing to Stalingrad. For this he was awarded the Order of the Red Star.

The Nazis tried to destroy the partisans: they walled up and mined all the entrances to the quarry. During these terrible days, Volodya Dubinin showed great courage and resourcefulness. The boy organized a group of young pioneer scouts. The guys climbed to the surface through secret passages and collected the information the partisans needed. One day Volodya learned that the Germans had decided to flood the quarries with water. The partisans managed to build dams from stone.

The young intelligence officer helped track down signal saboteurs, was on duty on rooftops during air raid raids, and helped build bomb shelters. A serious test for Volodya was the day when a fascist bomb hit his home school. He saw books burning teaching aids, and on this day I understood with particular force what war is...

http://popovskaya-musey.blogspot.ru/

At the end of December 1941, paratroopers liberated Kerch. The partisans knew about this, but they could not reach the surface, there were mines all around. Military units began clearing mine passages. And here again the pioneers came to the aid of the elders. Volodya Dubinin climbed to the surface through a familiar hole and showed the sappers where the mines were installed.

On the eve of 1942, the command assigned the task of scout Dubinin to get to the Adzhimushkai quarries and contact the partisan detachment based there.

http://vseprootpusk.ru/kerch

http://ru.visitua.info/

But when Volodya went to carry out the order, he came across... Soviet soldiers. These were naval landing soldiers who liberated Kerch during the Kerch-Feodosia operation.

Artist V.A. Print. Landing in Feodosia http://www.zorich.ru/index.asp

The joy of Volodya and his comrades knew no bounds. But the Nazis surrounded the Starokarantinsky quarries with a network of minefields, and the partisans could not leave them. The adults were physically unable to leave where Volodya was leaving.

And then Volodya volunteered to be a guide for the sappers. The first day of demining was successful, but on January 4, 1942, at about 10 a.m., a powerful explosion occurred at the entrance to the quarries. Four sappers and Volodya Dubinin were blown up by a mine.

The dead sappers and Volodya were buried in a mass partisan grave in the Youth Park of Kerch.

Posthumously, Vladimir Dubinin was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

The city of Kerch still faced fierce fighting, a second occupation and the long-awaited final liberation on April 11, 1944.

In 1973, Kerch was awarded the title “Hero City”.

In the battles for Kerch, thousands showed courage and heroism Soviet soldiers, but the feat of Volodya Dubinin was not lost among them.

One of the streets of his native city was named after him, and on July 12, 1964, a monument to the young partisan was erected - the work of sculptor L.S. Smerchinsky. On it Volodya is depicted leaving the quarry on a reconnaissance mission.

http://deti.mail.ru/

Sources:

Date of construction: 1964
Republic of Crimea, Kerch, st. Sovetskaya / st. V. Dubinin, square named after. Volodya Dubinina.
Historical monument of local significance.
Order of the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine dated November 22, 2012 No. 1364, security No. 355-AR.
A security zone with a radius of 5 m around the monument was approved by decision of the Crimean Regional Executive Committee dated January 15, 1980 No. 16.

From November to December 1941, in the city of Kerch, in the area of ​​Starokarantinsky quarries, a partisan detachment operated under the command of A.F. Zyabrev, the commander of the young scouts in the detachment was 14-year-old pioneer Volodya Dubinin. Volodya and his soldiers repeatedly went out to carry out reconnaissance operations and performed this task perfectly. During the battles with the German occupiers, Volodya and his soldiers brought ammunition, food, and water Soviet soldiers. In January 1942, a young scout died while clearing mines in a quarry. By order of the Crimean Front dated March 1, 1942 No. 0306 on behalf of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Vladimir Nikitovich Dubinin was awarded the Order of the Red Banner (posthumously) for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against the German invaders and for the valor and courage displayed.

The monument to pioneer intelligence officer Volodya Dubinin was unveiled on July 12, 1964 in the park. The authors of the monument: sculptor L. S. Smerchinsky, architect A. N. Morozov.
The monument represents a full-length figure of the hero, carved in high relief from a monolithic diorite block, which also serves as a pedestal. Volodya Dubinin is depicted emerging from the quarries, a concentrated, tense expression on his face, a characteristic pose and gestures, a clearly modeled silhouette, correctly found proportions, the ratio of the figure and the raw mass of the block - all this makes the monument emotionally and decoratively expressive. The sculptural forms are distinguished by a sharp transition of light and shadow, complex plans, giving the image features of drama, internal tension and determination. On the pedestal under the figure of the hero the text is carved: “To the pioneer hero Volodya Dubinin
from the pioneers and Komsomol members of Kerch." On the bottom left of the pedestal there is a text carved: “At the end of 1941, a partisan detachment operated in the Starokarantinny quarries; the commander of the young scouts was fourteen-year-old pioneer Volodya Dubinin. The young scout died on January 2, 1942 while clearing mines in a quarry. For heroism and courage shown in the fight against the Nazi invaders, Volodya Dubinin was posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Battle.” The monument to Volodya Dubinin is located in the park named after V. Dubinin.

Films about Volodya Dubinin:
1962 - Street of the Youngest Son - director Lev Golub
1985 - Long Memory - director Roman Viktyuk

State register of objects cultural heritage(historical and cultural monuments) of the peoples of Russia:
kartarf.ru/dostoprimechatelnosti/268086-pamyatnik-parti...
“Monuments and memorable places in the Republic of Crimea related to the events of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945”

Anthropometric data:

• At the time of competition: about 107 kg,
• Chest circumference – 143 cm,
• Biceps girth – 52 cm,
• Waist circumference – 86 cm,
• Hip circumference – 73 cm,
• Shin – 44 cm.

The name of Vladimir Ivanovich Dubinin is familiar to any Russian bodybuilding fan. He stood practically at the origins of bodybuilding in Russia and invested a lot of effort in the development of this sport. The athlete was born in 1948 in the city of Leningrad; it was a very difficult time from an economic and political point of view. Many guys were then sent to sports clubs to form a strong and strong-willed generation. Vladimir’s parents sent him to the sailing section, where the young man worked hard for several years. However, at the age of 15, he became interested in boxing and even began to compete. But soon the guy got bored with boxing; he was in search of a new direction.

One day, Vladimir Dubinin saw photographs of Western athletes, whose powerful figures seemed ideal to him, and he decided to become the same or even surpass them in strength and proportions. While vacationing with his parents at their dacha in 1962, young Vladimir Dubinin spent almost the entire summer working out with dumbbells and weights, and when he returned to the city, he surprised his friends by being able to lift a one-pound weight more than 36 times. Then it was time to visit athletic gymnastics, which Vladimir was very interested in. But training did not help the formation of a beautiful muscular body; the task was to develop endurance and only then increase volume. Therefore, during this time Dubinin worked independently with improvised means.

Having secured the support of a trainer, Vladimir Dubinin began to figure out how best to work a specific muscle group, eat right and recover. Taking into account the instructions received, the athlete adjusted his program and began to train with redoubled force. The man first competed in 1968 in Tallinn, when his weight was about 100 kg. The issue of posing was particularly difficult for Dubinin, since in Russia at that time this sport was just emerging, and he could not receive valuable advice. Despite this, Vladimir managed to get hold of several foreign magazines that contained articles with techniques and main posing poses. It is worth noting that Vladimir also had to prepare to pass the standards for squats and bench press, since these tasks were included in the athletes’ performance program.

At the competition in Tallinn, Vladimir Dubinin took second place and returned practically as a celebrity. Inspired by his victory, the bodybuilder began to actively train and could spend 5 hours in the gym. Just a year later, Vladimir became the owner of a spectacular form, which at that time could not be eclipsed by any of the domestic athletes. Bodybuilding became both a job and a way of life for him. Surprisingly, Dubinin was able to achieve such proportions without the use of pharmacological drugs, since they did not yet exist in the Soviet Union.

A few years later, Vladimir Dubinin became the director of the athletic gymnastics club in Leningrad, training many successful athletes. However, the section was soon closed by order of the management, but Vladimir found a way out of the situation by opening a secret club for training bodybuilders. Many famous bodybuilders are students of this club.

Subsequently, Vladimir Dubinin repeatedly competed in bodybuilding competitions, taking high places. Currently he is the president of the Federation of Bodybuilding and Fitness in Russia, trains athletes and takes part as a judge in many tournaments.

Training program

As Vladimir Dubinin says, he trained at least 4 times a week for 3-4 hours. The basic principle is to work with heavy weights, the optimal number of repetitions per approach is from 6 to 8. Among the highest records: lying down I could bench press 205 kg, and squat with a weight of 260 kg. In each exercise, Vladimir did at least 6 approaches, for each target group he used 2-3 exercises, all approaches, including the warm-up, were performed almost to failure. Moreover, weights were often used in the arsenal, which, according to the bodybuilder, are much more effective than dumbbells.

In terms of nutrition, Vladimir Dubinin did not use any special products; for many years he ate a standard Soviet lunch, which consisted of two eggs, one hundred grams of cheese, a couple of slices of ham, a bun and a bottle of milk. Moreover, such a diet did not prevent the athlete from gaining decent muscle mass and being in excellent physical shape.

Video: Vladimir Dubinin - a legend

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