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home  /  Relationship/ Assignments on the topic of words with the same root. Exercises in recognizing cognate words

Tasks on the topic of cognate words root. Exercises in recognizing cognate words

Svetlana Gladysheva
“Formation of the ability to form related words.” Training for preschool children

Explanatory note

Older children preschool age with OHP have underdeveloped lexicon. They do not fully understand, and sometimes do not even know, the meaning of many words, often cannot use correctly words, i.e. them vocabulary the reserve differs quantitatively and qualitatively from the norm of speech development.

Diversity of word semantics and their complexity in structural and grammatical terms are the reason that many words unfamiliar to children in terms of lexical meaning, grammatical forms, according to pronunciation, but standard stress. Limitation of active children's vocabulary, inability select from your vocabulary and use correctly in speech words, most appropriate for any particular utterance, give rise to numerous speech errors. These omissions preschool age may cause difficulties in mastering the Russian language in the future. Schoolchildren, as a rule, have difficulty mastering the basic morphological principle of spelling, which requires skills quickly and accurately select the same root (related) verification word. These speech defects can be eliminated only through systematic and systematic work to enrich, clarify and intensify them. dictionary. Huge role in development dictionary, in its enrichment, in understanding the semantic connections between words play exercises with related words.

The purpose of the proposed training to teach how to form related words, enrich children vocabulary. Learn children to establish relatives connections between cognates words. Usage related words makes the child’s speech richer and more expressive. This lays the foundation for competent writing.

Structure training presented in three stages.

Stage 1. Preparatory

Tasks:

Learn to compare objects;

- develop skills

Classify objects according to characteristics.

Stage 2. Skill formation

Tasks:

- develop an understanding of that many words can have« relatives» , which not only have a similar part, but must also be related in meaning;

- form related words;

Stage 3. Application skills

Exercise independently, answering the question HOW?

Training designed for working with children preschool age, having OHP, can be implemented in conditions individual and/or subgroup classes, as well as classes to prevent or correct dysgraphia and dyslexia. Mastering educational material involves the use of traditional methods: visual, verbal, practical, as well as reliance on various analyzers.

Program training

I. Preparatory

1. Learn to compare objects;

looking at pictures;

image of parts of objects.

Illustrations, pictures from image objects and the objects themselves, toys, ball games.

Diagnostics

A game "Make no mistake".

Target: exercise children in distinguishing objects by material, consolidate knowledge about such properties of an object as hard, soft, flat, rough, smooth, shiny, matte.

A game “It’s similar - it’s not similar”.

Target: learn to compare an object, notice a sign of similarity in color, form, size, material; develop observation, thinking, speech.

2. Build skills highlight the characteristics or properties of one object and the differences between the characteristics of 2 or more objects;

looking at cards with objects;

examination of objects and analysis.

Illustrations, pictures from image objects and the objects themselves.

Diagnostics

A game "Guess it".

Target: learn children describe an object without looking at him; highlight essential features; recognize an object by description.

A game "A toy shop".

Target: learn children describe an object, find its essential features; recognize an item by description.

We get to know the characteristics of objects using riddles.

Familiarity with the ways of applying or using objects.

3. Classify objects according to characteristics.

Object games, such as manipulations with toys and objects.

Board games, pictures, objects, toys.

Diagnostics

A game “Name three objects”.

Target: exercise children in the classification of objects.

A game "The Fourth Wheel"

Target: Exercise children in the classification of objects.

Game "Birds" (animals, fish)».

Target: fasten children's skill classify and name animals, birds, fish.

A game “Who needs what?”.

Target: exercise children in the classification of objects, ability to name an object, necessary for people of a certain profession.

II Skill formation

1. Develop an understanding of that many words can have« relatives» , which not only have a similar part, but must also be related in meaning.

Selection to one - "to the main" according to relatives according to verbal description, riddles or read a poem and ask to highlight related words from it based on the picture.

Pictures, illustrations, poems, riddles.

Diagnostics Water (pond, water, diver, water, waterfall, water, water carrier, watering hole)

Pond diver

Enough algae.

Water is delivered to the house

There is water supply through the pipe.

And a water carrier to the village

I brought clean water.

In the flood Vodyanoy

Fills everything with water

And they come in a hurry

The animals are all at the watering hole.

Flower (flower, little flower, flower garden, florist, flower girl, colored, flowers)

In the morning the flower is covered in dew,

During the day he will close his eyes.

He sees colorful dreams from a fairy tale.

Our Aunt Dasha likes floriculture.

She always has more than one flower blooming.

In May all the lilacs will be white and blooming,

Well, our aunt is a singing flower girl.

Snow (snowflakes, snowball, snowball)

Feathers keep sliding from the sky -

Silver… (snowflakes)

Spinning over your head

Carousel... (snow)

To the clearings, to the meadow

Everything is going down... (snowball)

Mushroom (fungus, mushroom, mushroom picker, mushroom, mycelium)

One day, early on, it suddenly began to rain… mushroom

And at the same moment, a mushroom picker left the house for the forest.

To bring the catch, I took a mushroom basket.

He walked for a long time into the wilderness of the forest - he was looking for a clearing there... for mushrooms.

Suddenly, under the tree on a hummock, he sees a small... mushroom.

AND rejoiced instantly our lucky... mushroom picker.

How can he not have fun if there is a mycelium here in the ground.

Human collected there are a lot of them and went home,

And he dreamed all the way how he would cook soup...mushroom soup.

He's a lot collected mushrooms, and mushrooms and fungi,

And those who search for a long time will also come across...a fungus.

A game "Guess word»

Small, small fish. (Fish, little fish)

Huge fish? (Rybischa)

Fishing. (Fishing)

To fish. (To fish)

A person engaged in fishing. (Fisherman)

Call him sweet (fisherman)

What is ukha (fish soup)

A game "What is this?"

Forest is... (a place where there are a lot of trees).

Lesok is... (small forest).

Lesnoy is... (what is in the forest).

Forester is... (a person who guards the forest).

Lesovik is... (fairytale hero who lives in the forest).

2. Form learning algorithm based on the selection model related words.

selection model related words;

differences between similar words based on pictures.

Selection scheme related words.

Diagnostics

A game "Player"

Education is diminutive affectionate suffixes and dismissive-augmentative suffixes.

Example:

Formation of words answering the question WHAT?

III Application skills

1. Exercise on your own, form cognates denoting objects, signs of objects and actions of objects. Formation of cognates, answering the question HOW?

The basis of any model is the main thing word.

Demo models: in the form of a sun, a pyramid, a cloud, snowflakes, a flower - a seven-flowered one.

Diagnostics

Exercise No. 1.

Match to data words with the same root, denoting objects.

Mushroom - mushroom. Garden - Meat -

Steppe - Shady - Green -

Animal - Forest -

Sentinel - Yard -

Exercise No. 2.

Replace in word combinations-actions with the same root words-objects.

Selling tickets - selling tickets.

Give to a friend -

Defend the Motherland -

Reconcile the hat -

Check notebooks -

To plant a tree -

Exercise No. 3.

From words, indicating the names of objects, form words with the same root, denoting the characteristics of objects and the actions of objects. Make sentences with them.

Which? What is he doing?

Yard - yard Smoke - smokes

Tooth - Horn -

Winter - Game -

Frost - Scythe -

Laziness - Saw -

Rain - Move -

Dirt - Noise –

Exercise No. 5.

Answering the question WHAT TO DO?

b) frost –

Exercise No. 6.

Form words with the same root from these words, answering the question HOW?

a) straight –

loud –

fast -

b) brave –

short -

curve -

Exercise No. 7.

Uses diminutive-affectionate and disparaging-increasing suffixes competition of two teams: Thumb and Ivan- hero:

Little Thumb Ivan the Bogatyr

shirt shirt

boots boots

pocket pocket

strap belt

hatchet hatchet

saber saber

leg of the knife

hand holding

little eye little eye

Working on related words.

Teacher-speech therapist Lukasheva N.A. TsRR-d/s "Rodnichok" Belomorsk.

Game – exercise “Family – words of relatives”

Goal: to show children that verbs (words denoting actions) and other nouns can be formed from nouns (words denoting objects). (author E.A. Levchuk)

Material: story “Promise”, poem “Orchestra”, ball.

Progress: The speech therapist reads the story “The Promise”:

Petya asked his dad: “Please give me a drum and a trumpet.” - I would give it, son, but I’m afraid that you will either blow the trumpet or drum and interfere with my work. “Honestly, daddy, I’ll be a drummer when you’re resting, and a trumpeter when you’re sleeping” (according to F. Rau)

Questions for the child:

What did Petya ask for a gift? (drum and pipe)

What was dad afraid of? (dad was afraid that Petya would blow and drum)

What did Petya promise? (Petya promised that he would be a drummer when dad was resting, and a trumpeter when he was sleeping)

Assignment: “Name words similar to the word “drum” (drum, drummer); for the word “trumpet” (trumpet, trumpeter)” The speech therapist explains to the child that there are related words. They look alike, as if from the same family, which is why they are called related.

Exercise for fingers (imitating playing musical instruments)

Orchestra:

"I play guitar,

My friend Vasya - on the button accordion,

Tanya can on the trumpet

Ready for you to play.

I heard you are a pianist.

Let's play a twist together."

Ball game

Tossing the ball, the speech therapist (teacher) plays words with the child.

Who plays the accordion? – accordion player.

On the piano - a pianist.

Guitar player.

On the double bass there is a double bassist.

Flutist on the flute.

There is an organist on the organ.

There is a trumpet player on the trumpet.

A violinist on the violin.

There is a drummer on the drum.

On the balalaika there is a balalaika player.

There is a harpist on the harp.

Suggest retelling the story “The Promise” using related words: trumpet, trumpet, trumpeter; drum, drummer, drumming.

Use to secure the materialgame "Loto" "(musical instruments, orchestra musicians - who needs what).

Game exercise “Name related words”

Goal: to continue acquaintance with words - relatives (relatives) on the topic “Winter” (author Tkachenko T.A.).

Procedure: The speech therapist tells the children a fairy tale, and at the same time puts pictures on the board, the names of the objects on which are related words.

“A long time ago, people lost the word “snow” and forgot about it. and the word fell into the ground and began to grow - sprouts appeared in it - there was the word “snow”, the word “snow maiden” appeared, followed by “snowman”, “snowball”, “snowflake”. People looked, listened, but the words were similar, familiar. And people called these words...(how?) related. Name the common part repeated in each word (snow, snow). Children, together with the speech therapist, pronounce the words, the speech therapist simultaneously puts out diagrams under each picture - strips of the same length and color: part “snow”, “snow” and attaches rectangles of different colors to each next word, focusing attention on the repeating main part of the word and on the changing part new words, after which he explains the semantic commonality of the named words. The words - relatives ICE - ICE - ICE - GLACIER are understood in a similar way. The speech therapist carefully analyzes the resulting chain of words, clarifying with the children their sound and semantic commonality.

In conclusion, to reinforce the concept of “related words,” the speech therapist reads a poem:

“Words, like native ones, are a little similar,

And if you put them in a row,

Listen a little and think about the essence -

they are talking about the same thing.”

Game "Collect a family of words"

Goal: selection of words with the same root.

Progress of the game. The speech therapist asks the child: “Look at the picture. What time of year is shown on it? (Winter). Now choose the words “relatives” for the word “winter”.

What word can you affectionately call winter? (winter).

What can you call a day in winter? (winter).

What are the names of the birds that stay with us for the winter? (wintering).

How else can you say “they live in winter”? (overwinter).

It turns out that there are so many words - “relatives” of the word “winter”.

“Look at the picture again and tell me for yourself what can be called winter here.” (Winter forest, winter road, winter sun, winter sky, winter cold, winter time, winter weather).

“Now try to find a family of words for the word “snow.” Look at the picture - it will help you." (Snow, snowflake, snowball, snowman, snowy, snowdrop...).

Speech therapist: “Choose related words for the word “forest.” (Forest, woods, forest, forester).

“Families” are also selected for words:

mountain - hill, mountainous, mountainous, hillock, miner;

mushroom – fungus, mushroom picker, mushroom;

water – water, water, diver, flood;

leaf – leaf, leaf, leaflet, foliage, larch, deciduous;

hedgehog - hedgehog, hedgehog, hedgehog, hedgehog, hedgehog;

spring – spring, stonefly, freckle;

sugar - sugar, sugar bowl, sugar.

Game "Find the Common Thing"

Goal: highlighting the root in related words.

The speech therapist suggests: “Name the common part of the words - “relatives” (when naming words, he intonationally highlights the root part of the word in case the child has difficulty identifying the root).

winter, winter, winter (winter);

animal, lives, alive (alive);

shepherd, herd, shepherdess (pass);

yard, janitor, yard (yard);

litter, garbage, litter (litter);

call, call, ringing (ringing).

Exercise “Find related words”

Goal: highlight related words to the word bear.

Progress of the exercise: The speech therapist suggests completing tasks from the bear - Potap. He asks to find and name words similar to the word bear. For every correct word, the child receives a chip.

1. First aid station, little bear, mother bear, bearish, slow.

2. Jellyfish, bear, bear, bear, medal.

3. Copper, bear, bugbear, honey, medicine.

The speech therapist clarifies with the children why the words first aid station, slowly, jellyfish, medal, copper, honey, medicine (the words have a different meaning) are not suitable.

Once again we remember related words to the word bear. Teddy bear, she-bear, bear, bear, bear, bear, bear, bear cub.

Game exercise “Choose related words from the poem.”

Purpose: to practice finding related words from the text.

Material: texts of poems.

Progress: The speech therapist reads a poem.

1. Soap fragrant, white,soapy .

Soap looks at the dirty girl with a grin. Foams.

If the dirty guy remembered about soap,

Soap it would finallywashed away .

Question for children: “What words in the poem are repeated and similar?”

After the children find related words, similar pictures are displayed by the speech therapist:

Soap in a soap dish - foamy soap - clean boy.

SOAP - SOAP - SOAP.

A chain of related words is analyzed. A common part is found that is repeated in other words and has a common meaning.

2. Exercise suggested by author. T. Tkachenko:

“Fishermen have an unprecedented catch.

The old fisherman also caught fish.

We will assemble a fishing net,

We’ll pour some fish soup into the plates.”

Selection of related words. Pictures are displayed and the chain of related words is analyzed.

Exercise “Extra word”.

Goal: identifying words with the same root among a group of words. similar in sound.

Assignment: “Find the extra one among these words - a word not from this “family.” Listen to this example: forest, forester, ladder (-).

The words “forest”, “forester” and “forester” are relatives, they are all from the same family, they all come from the word “forest”. But the word “stairs” has nothing to do with the forest - it is superfluous here.

Assignment: “Now try to find the extra word yourself.”

Pain, be sick, hospital, big (-).

Water, led (-), aquatic. water.

Wrinkles (-), sea, seafarer.

Mountain, mountain, grief (-), miner.

Neighbor (-), conversation, gazebo, interlocutor.

Game exercise “Find an unrelated word.”

Purpose: to practice distinguishing between related and unrelated words.

Material: pictures in accordance with the speech material.

Progress of the game exercise: The speech therapist reminds that related words have a similar sound and have something in common in meaning. He further says: “Now I will name words, but among them not all words will be relatives. Find among the words that I will name a word that is not related to other words.” (1) Pictures are placed on the board: horse, groom, stable, foal, cavalry.

The meaning and sound of words are analyzed, the common part of the word is found, similar in sound to each of the named words. The unrelated word “foal” is chosen.

(2) Pictures are displayed and named: lion, lion cub, lioness, lions, peck.

The meaning and sound of words are analyzed in the same way, and an unrelated word is selected.

Russian language lesson.

UMK "Zankov System".

Grade: 2nd grade.

Lesson topic: “Exercises in recognizing cognate words”

Lesson type: consolidation of knowledge.

During the classes.

1. Goal setting and motivation.

Read the sentences (slide 1):

Study will always come in handy.

Study and work will grind everything down.

The root of the teaching is bitter, but the fruit is sweet.

What have you read? (proverbs)

What are they talking about? (about teaching)

What did you notice? (same root words). Prove (general part, word root uch- and similar in meaning)

Write out words with the same root from proverbs, highlight the root.

What are we going to talk about in class? Formulate a topic.

On the desk:Subject. Cognates. (strip)

Which proverb will we choose as the motto of the lesson?

(All children’s opinions are listened to, and at the same time work is being done on the meaning of the proverbs:

1 proverb: knowledge is never superfluous, without knowledge it is difficult to adapt in life;

Proverb 2: If you are patient and work hard, you can achieve anything.

Proverb 3: It's hard to learn, but you'll get a lot of benefits.

So, the topic is “Words with the same root”. What knowledge do we need to review in class today?

    we must establish what the root word is

    correctly identify the root in words

    what words are called cognates.

The topic is formulated, the tasks are set, we set off on a journey to the top of the Mountain of Knowledge (poster on the board).

3. Main stage

(Video ) sl. No. 2

We watch a fragment of the film “The Flying Ship”, listen to Vodyanoy’s song.

Try to hear the words with the same root that are in the song.

Who heard what words of the same root were in the song?

Let's simplify the task: find words with the same root in text this song.

(What words are called cognates? (having a common part and close in meaning)

I'm a merman, I'm a merman

Nobody hangs out with me.

There is water inside me.

Well, what to do with this!

So, what cognate words did you find? (work in pairs with a neighbor) - water, water.

Problem. Who thinks that the word “usually” from line 2 is also suitable? (and also in the 4th - found there) After all, there is the same part water-?(signal). Why not, prove your opinion (different meaning).

Let's write down words with the same root in a notebook.

Today you will often see the letter “Вв” in words (poster with the letter on the board). Please pay attention to the spelling of this letter and the connections with it. We try to write in notebooks cleanly, neatly and competently.

Let's check. (Slide No. 4) - Water, water.

Select the root. What sound is heard at the root? (a) Why do we write about? (from the word water, root water; words with the same root have the same root). Check the correct spelling of the root. What would you call this spelling? (unstressed verb at the root)

It's on your desk text. Read it silently, get ready to read it out loud.

Fairy tale

Relatives gathered near Water. The submariner and Vodice are talking. A diver and a Waterfall are basking in the sun. The driver plays the accordion. The Water Strider with Algae played out. The water jumps over the pebbles on one leg. Even Vodyanoy himself came. Wise Water came out onto the porch, looked at the guests, and immediately noticed a stranger. She told him to go away to his family. A stranger came and became sad. Where should he look for relatives?

What did you read? (fairy tale) What is the story about? How did you understand? (about relatives of water - words with the same root) And who also noticed the stranger? (signal)

Find in the fairy tale only “relatives” of water (words with the same root). (While doing this work, the rest of the students must find the “stranger.”

They work in pairs, underline with a pencil, write out words with a capital letter in a notebook (in a fairy tale these are proper names). And will you write out the alien word?

Let’s check which words have been written down (slide No. 4): Water, Submariner, Diver, Waterfall, Water strider, Algae, Water, Water.

What is the root of all words? Select it. (slide number 5) Place emphasis. Which word will be a test for the rest? (algae and submariner) - Everyone knows what algae is, and who is submariner?

(We explain the meaning of the words - Job over the lexical meaning of the word.)

(Slide with pictures No. 4)

« Submariner" - a polysemantic word.

1. This is a sailor serving in the submarine fleet.

2. This is an underwater specialist.

What else can you call it? ( diver )

1. This is a specialist engaged in underwater work in a waterproof suit with special equipment.

2. This is a strong, good swimming dog that saves drowning people.

What are words called that have multiple meanings? (multi-valued)

"Water strider" » - Who is this?

This is an insect that moves on water.

What should we call the written words?

Conclusion: these words have the same root.

Why do you consider these words to have the same root? (Prove based on the rule).

Checked your work. Whoever completed the task without errors puts a “+” in the margin.

What kind of alien word are we talking about in the fairy tale? (Driver). Why didn’t the guests immediately notice the stranger? Prove (the common part is like everyone else – water) Why “stranger”? (another meaning is “to drive a car”) Let's try to look for relatives of this word.

Working with the textbook.

Open the textbook on page 57 exercise 118 – according to the assignment - teamwork.

Divide the words into groups (in meaning - a group about water - synonymous words, a group about a car driver - words - synonyms) - put in the textbook the number of group 1 or 2. Let's remember what synonyms are (words close in meaning).

Water, driver, drives, water, water, liquid, driver, taxi driver, boiling water .

- Can this group be called with the same root words? (no, not everyone has the same root)

Individual work - choose words with the same root for the word “driver”, write them down in a notebook, highlight the root. Which group will you choose from? (from 2nd)

Peer review– exchange notebooks, check your neighbor’s work. (Driver, drives). If the task is completed without errors, put a “+” in the margin for your neighbor.

Is it possible to add a word - driver's license? What does it mean? (seat, place, ID)

So, let's conclude: what words do we call cognate? (rule!)

Fizminutka (didactic game - “yes-no”)

Let's play and relax. I'll say a few words. Some have related words, while others do not. If I name a couple of related words, you nod your head - “yes.” If I name a couple of words that are not related, you nod “no.” Try to be careful!

forest - forester wall - nail snow - ice

river - raft cat - cat falcon - juice

son - son field - little pole leaf - leaf

house - home, house - smoke mountain-slide

Do a few more exercises to set you up for further work.

Group work . Game "Piggy Bank".

The class is divided into groups (4-5 people). Each group receives a task - to collect (come up with) as many words of the same root as possible into their piggy bank in 2-3 minutes. The group that comes up with the most words wins.

Choose who will write down the words. Representatives of each group receive (pull out without looking) a sheet with the task.

What task do you think you will be doing? (select words with the same root with a given root)

1g – with root garden

2g – forest

3g – feed

4g – feed

5g- forest

6g – garden

Examination. Show me how many words you made up? We check with a representative of the group that has the most words. The student reads, everyone signals whether they agree or not. (Forms of words!) What other words does the 2nd group, which worked with the same root, have (listen). Members of the group that came up with the largest number of words put “+” in the margins of the notebook. We check other groups in the same way.

Conclusion: The root is the same everywhere – vowelless! Different parts of speech! Do not write word forms!)

And now everyone has the opportunity to test their knowledge.

Slice ( independent work) - perform a test with tasks, as a result they must collect the word “plus”.

Whoever got the word “plus”, stand up. Well done! This is the third plus for the lesson. Place the test in your notebook.

Whoever scored three pluses during the lesson and completed all tasks without errors will receive a “5”.

1. Find a group of words where the root is highlighted correctly:

o) cold, cold, cold;

n) bush, bush, shrub;

p) winter, winter, winter.

2. Find a group of words with the same root:

j) sick, swamp, chatterbox;

k) move, walk, transition;

m) tall, juice, falcon.

3. Find a group of words with different roots:

e) rook, rook, rooks;

u) oar, spring, scales;

i) mushroom, mushroom picker, mushroom.

4. Find a group of words with the root mor- (e):

c) sailor, marine, seaside;

r) kill, overseas, morel;

y) humor, humorist, humorous.

Lesson summary, d/z

, reflection.

For those who didn't get the word, think about what was wrong? What needs to be done to fix it? What else needs to be worked on?

(D/z - optionally(on strips of different colors):

I suggest you determine for yourself what needs to be repeated at home, what else to work on. To do this, select the desired strip with d/z (raise the strips).

1c- exercise 115 (recognition of single word words)

2c- exercise 113 (selection of words with the same root)

3c- *** creative task - prepare (find or invent it yourself) your own assignment for classmates on the topic “Similar words” (those who understand everything, who succeeded in the lesson)

So, our lesson has come to an end. What did we learn today?

CONCLUSION: we learned to select and recognize words of the same root among others, and to identify the root.

Was everything clear to you? Have you learned everything?

Did you like the lesson?

Well done! They worked together, carefully and diligently! We've moved up high! The lesson is over.

Read it.

Read it. Find words with the same root and highlight the root. Insert letters.

It was a warm fucking rain. little gr... ebniks came to the forest. ...we saw a big white gr... under the tree... . And there was another gr... side growing nearby.

Read it. Find words with the same root and highlight the root. Insert letters.

It was a warm fucking rain. little gr... ebniks came to the forest. ...we saw a big white gr... under the tree... . And there was another gr... side growing nearby.

Read it. Find words with the same root and highlight the root. Insert letters.

It was a warm fucking rain. little gr... ebniks came to the forest. ...we saw a big white gr... under the tree... . And there was another gr... side growing nearby.

Read it. Find words with the same root and highlight the root. Insert letters.

It was a warm fucking rain. little gr... ebniks came to the forest. ...we saw a big white gr... under the tree... . And there was another gr... side growing nearby.

Read it. Find words with the same root and highlight the root. Insert letters.

It was a warm fucking rain. little gr... ebniks came to the forest. ...we saw a big white gr... under the tree... . And there was another gr... side growing nearby.

Read it. Find words with the same root and highlight the root. Insert letters.

It was a warm fucking rain. little gr... ebniks came to the forest. ...we saw a big white gr... under the tree... . And there was another gr... side growing nearby.

Read it. Find words with the same root and highlight the root. Insert letters.

It was a warm fucking rain. little gr... ebniks came to the forest. ...we saw a big white gr... under the tree... . And there was another gr... side growing nearby.

_____________________________________________________________

Read it. Write down the words with the same root. Select the root.

Here's the l...sle... lake. On his b...r...g...the l...sink. He protects the forest.

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

Read it. Write down the words with the same root. Select the root.

Here's the l...sle... lake. On his b...r...g...the l...sink. He protects the forest.

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

Read it. Write down the words with the same root. Select the root.

Here's the l...sle... lake. On his b...r...g...the l...sink. He protects the forest.

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

Read it. Write down the words with the same root. Select the root.

Here's the l...sle... lake. On his b...r...g...the l...sink. He protects the forest.

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

Read it. Write down the words with the same root. Select the root.

Here's the l...sle... lake. On his b...r...g...the l...sink. He protects the forest.

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

Read it. Write down the words with the same root. Select the root.

Here's the l...sle... lake. On his b...r...g...the l...sink. He protects the forest.

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

Identify the root in each group of words. Insert letters.

Salt, s...lyony, s...lonka, s...pour.

Groom, horse, k...nyushnya, k...nyok, horse.

Carpenter, table, dining room, table.

Identify the root in each group of words. Insert letters.

Salt, s...lyony, s...lonka, s...pour.

Groom, horse, k...nyushnya, k...nyok, horse.

Carpenter, table, dining room, table.

Identify the root in each group of words. Insert letters.

Salt, s...lyony, s...lonka, s...pour.

Groom, horse, k...nyushnya, k...nyok, horse.

Carpenter, table, dining room, table.

Identify the root in each group of words. Insert letters.

Salt, s...lyony, s...lonka, s...pour.

Groom, horse, k...nyushnya, k...nyok, horse.

Carpenter, table, dining room, table.

Read it. Insert letters.

Find words with the same root.

Select their root.

The old man was surprised and frightened:

He let go of the fish...

And he said a kind word to her...

Read it. Insert letters.

Find words with the same root.

Select their root.

The old man was surprised and frightened:

He fished for thirty years and three years

And I haven’t heard of a fish g...v...dragging.

He let go of the fish...

And he said a kind word to her...

Read it. Insert letters.

Find words with the same root.

Select their root.

The old man was surprised and frightened:

He fished for thirty years and three years

And I haven’t heard of a fish g...v...dragging.

He let go of the fish...

And he said a kind word to her...

Read it. Insert letters.

Find words with the same root.

Select their root.

The old man was surprised and frightened:

He fished for thirty years and three years

And I haven’t heard of a fish g...v...dragging.

He let go of the fish...

And he said a kind word to her...

Read it. Insert letters.

Find words with the same root.

Select their root.

The old man was surprised and frightened:

He fished for thirty years and three years

And I haven’t heard of a fish g...v...dragging.

He let go of the fish...

And he said a kind word to her...

Read it. Insert letters.

Find words with the same root.

Select their root.

The old man was surprised and frightened:

He fished for thirty years and three years

And I haven’t heard of a fish g...v...dragging.

He let go of the fish...

And he said a kind word to her...

Read it. Insert letters.

Find words with the same root.

Select their root.

The old man was surprised and frightened:

He fished for thirty years and three years

And I haven’t heard of a fish g...v...dragging.

He let go of the fish...

And he said a kind word to her...

Read it. Insert letters.

Find words with the same root.

Select their root.

The old man was surprised and frightened:

He fished for thirty years and three years

And I haven’t heard of a fish g...v...dragging.

He let go of the fish...

And he said a kind word to her...

Related words- these are words that have the same root and are close in meaning.

Cognates- these are words with the same root, different parts of speech or the same part of speech, but with different prefixes and suffixes.


Practice with your child finding related words. Winter - winters - wintering - wintering - wintering - wintering.

Vegetable garden -...

Flower - ...

TO HELP A SCHOOLCHILDREN

How to learn to select related words?

They learn to select words with the same root or related words in elementary school. This skill allows you to check the spelling of words. Not everyone is good at this task. How to teach them to choose related words correctly? So:

Basic concepts and rules that are necessary for selecting related words:

  1. Cognate words have the same root. Root- this is the main significant part of the word, which contains its main lexical meaning, the general part of cognate and related words.
  2. Cognate words should not be confused with forms of the same word. Try to complete tasks in which you will need to create chains with words of the same root and separately with grammatical forms. For example:
    • gardener - garden - garden (same root words);
    • gardener - gardeners - gardener (forms of the same word).
  3. Please note that the selection of words with the same root should not be mechanical. This may lead to erroneous results, because... Similar combinations of sounds in the root can be found in other words that are not related. This can be seen in the example of the words “driver” and “waterman”. They will not be of the same root.
  4. Words with the same root are not always the same part of speech. For example:
    • drive - driver - driver's.
    Determine the parts of speech of these words. If you do everything correctly, then it should turn out that in this chain of cognate words there is a verb, a noun and an adjective.
  5. Use the following method for forming words with the same root: you need to remember parts of the word such as prefix and suffix. Using these morphemes, form words with the same root with some root. For example, with the root “run”. You should end up with a similar chain of words:
    • running - running - running - defector, etc.
  6. Work on the formation of cognate words is very important. This skill will allow you to easily cope with the selection of test words and avoid mistakes in writing.

IT IS IMPORTANT! REMEMBER!

  • Related and cognate words are words that come from the same word, i.e. explain using the same word. (For example: lesok – a small forest; forest - located in the forest; forester - one who looks after the forest.)
  • Related, test words must be related in meaning ( pulling - pulling, not mud).
  • Words that are close in meaning, but do not have a common part, are not related words.
  • When choosing related words, you need to look for words without prefixes or with other prefixes.
  • In the roots, alternation of consonant or vowel sounds or even the “disappearance” of vowels can occur.
    ALTERNATING VOWELS IN A WORD: ALTERNATING CONSONANTS IN A WORD:
    e/i freeze - freeze p/pl to beat - to beat
    o/a ask - ask b/bl love - love
    e/o (yo) sing - singv/vl catch - catch
    I/im remove - removem/ml feed - feed
    a/in squeeze - reaps/w narrow - narrower
    ov/y forge - forgec/h capital - metropolitan
    e/y (yu) peck - peckd/st sweet - sweets
    o/zero sound dream - sleept/s flowers - bloom
    o/zero sound dream - sleept/k let - let
    e/zero day - dayst/sch thick - thick
    o / s / y dry up - dry up - dry x/w deaf - wilderness
    o/s/zero sound ambassador - send - send t/h/sch shine - candle - lighting
    and /th/her pour - pour - pourd / w / railway drive - drive - driving
    and /th/oh beat - beat - fights/w high - higher
    k/h/c fist - fist - fist
    g/f/z friend - friendship - friends
  • In changes to the same word, only the endings are different, other parts are the same (window, windows, window, window - this is one changed word, and not similar root and related words).
  • Check only those words that require checking.
  • Test words must be related, and not just similar.
  • In the test word, the vowel sound must be stressed (For example: aquatic - aquatic, not water).
  • Good work goes in this order: figured it out - checked it - wrote it. For trained people, the test word comes to mind before they write down the questionable letter, and then they simply do not have time to make a mistake.
  • In speech, words “help each other” express our thoughts; To do this, they “know how” to change, firstly, by numbers, and secondly, by the “commands” of those questions that can be posed to them in a sentence. By practicing changing words not only by numbers, but also by “question commands,” you will learn to recognize clue words in such word forms that help determine the desired letter at the root.

To help schoolchildren and teachers, a small dictionary of cognates and related words:

root -white-

whitewash
blond
white-toothed
protein
white-faced
white-fronted
white-handed
whitefish (meaning: fish of the whitefish family)
white-tailed
seamstress (meaning: seamstress who sews linen)
beluga (meaning: large fish of the sturgeon family)
beluga
white
whitewash

birch root

birch (meaning: the Berezina River is one of the main tributaries of the Dnieper)
birch forest (meaning: birch forest, grove)
birch
Berezin
birch
Berezkin
birch
birch tree
Berezonkin
birch tree
birch tree
boletus (meaning: edible tubular mushroom with a brownish-black cap)

root-boy

action movie
militancy
combat
warhead
ammunition
combat-ready
fighter
loophole
slaughterhouse
fighting
fighting
striker

root -bol-

painful
disease
fan (meaning: lover of watching sports)
get sick
sick
hospital
sick leave
sick leave
hurt
sick
sore
disease
get sick
get over the disease

root -brother-

bro
fraternization
brother
brother
brother
brethren
bro
bratsk
brotherly
Brotherhood
brotherly
fellow

root -beech-

ABC
alphabetical
letter
literal
ABC book
alphabetic
primer
alphabetic
literalist
second-hand bookseller
letter

root -cheerful-

amuse
have fun
funny
fun
merry fellow
having fun
cheerful
cheerful
gaiety
funny
have fun
have fun
to cheer up
merry

root -spring-

spring
spring
in the spring
freckle
freckles
freckled
stonefly (meaning: 1. An ancient ritual song celebrating the arrival of spring; 2. A small light gray butterfly with transparent wings)
stonefly
spring (meaning: spring, spring waters or spring waters)
like spring

root -water-

water
water
water
water
water carrier
whirlpool (meaning: place in a river, sea, in which the currents form a rotation)
diver
waterfall
watering hole
water pipes
waterbread
water
dropsy (meaning: in some diseases, fluid accumulation)
water
movement
flood (meaning: flooding of land with water overflowing its banks)
flood (meaning: rising water levels in rivers and reservoirs as a result of rainfall, rapid melting of snow)
submariner
underwater

root -sparrow-

sparrow
little sparrow
little sparrows
passerine
sparrow
sparrow
sparrows
sparrow (meaning: 1. Bird house; 2. Small hawk (sparrowhawk))
little sparrow

root -raven-

crow
crow
crow's
little crow
crow
crows
crow
little crow
miss

root -head-

main
head
tadpole (meaning: 1. Tailed larva; 2. About one who has a big head)
head
head
head
puzzle (meaning: difficult riddle, task)
headwash
little head
thug
bungler
little head
little head
title
title
table of contents
without exception
three-headed

root -hunger-

half-starved
hunger
starvation
starve
starving
hungry
hungry
hunger strike
hunger
get hungry

root -voice-

publicity
vowel
voice
vociferous
vote
little voice
little voice
vote
vote
voice
little voice
publicity
echo
consonant

root -hor-

grief
grieve
poor fellow
miserable
sorrowful
grief
bitter (tears)
goryun
bitter
become sad

root -rook-

rooks
rook
rook
rook
rook
rook
rookery (meaning: nesting place of rooks)
rook

root -load-

laden
cargo
sinker
load
heavy
truck

ship
overload
loading
unload

root -gus- (Goose)

gander goose
goose
single file
goslings
gosling
gosling
little gosling

root -gus- (Gusli)

goslings
guslar
guslar (chime)
guslar (outfit)

root -yard-

castle
Butler (meaning: in a rich house, senior servant, head of the household and servants)
courtyard
street cleaner
mongrel
cur (meaning: mongrel yard dog)
yard (yard football)
palace (Palace Square)
nobleman (meaning: person belonging to the nobility)
outbuilding (outbuildings)
courtyard (church courtyard)
courtier (court lady)

root -good-

kind-hearted
good
voluntarily
voluntary
virtue
virtuous
good-natured
kind-hearted
in good faith
conscientious
kindness
Kind
dobrynya
good-natured
cajole
get better

root -house-

homeless
house
domina
little house
home
homey
homeowner
home ownership
home economics
brownie
homebody
domostroy
housewife
household member
housekeeper
burglar
homeworker

root -road- (Road)

off-road
Expensive
track
on the road
plantain
roadside

-dear- (Dear)

expensive
a bit expensive
high cost
expensive
treasure
rise in price
more expensive

root -friend-

Friend
friendly
friendly
squad
vigilante
be friends
buddy
together
friendly
Friends
girlfriend
commonwealth

root -oak-

oak
club
baton
club
oak forest
dubovik
oak
oak tree
oak tree
oak grove
oak forest
Dubieux

root -heat-

Firebird
heat
fried
fry
hot
hot
roast
fryer
heat resistant
fry
fry
frying
fire
firefighter
firefighter
fry

root -stars-

star out
star
starship
star-shaped
starfall
astronomy
astrologer
star
star
stellate
constellation

root -beast-

go wild
menagerie
animal
fur farmer
trapper
fur farm
brutally
brutal
atrocity
commit atrocities
beast
beast
little animal
animal
little beast
become brutal

root -ringing-

call
ring
Bell ringer (meaning: Church minister who rings the bells)
calls
voiced
loudly
loud-voiced
belfry (meaning: structure with openings for church bells, bell tower)
call
bell
louder
voicing
chime
call back
pealing
ring

root -earth-

grounding
countrywoman
land
landowner
farmer
agriculture
digger
surveyor
tiller
earthquake
zemlya
Earth
countryman
strawberries
earthling
dugout
earthen
countrywoman
terrestrial
ground
dungeon
underground

root -grain-

grainy (granular material - finely crushed)
corn
grain
grain crusher
grain cleaning
grain harvester (combine harvester)
granary
grain

root -zim-

winter
winter
winter road (meaning: a road laid directly on the snow for driving in winter)
spend the winter
wintering
winterer
winter quarters (meaning: place where they spend the winter)
kingfisher (meaning: a small bird related to the hoopoe (snow bathing in winter)
winter-hardy
winter
wintering
winter (winter garlic)
winter (winter sowing, its shoots)
winter
in winter
pre-winter
pre-winter (meaning: late autumn time)

root -bison- (Bison)

cramming
bison
bison
little tooth

-bison- (cramming)

memorize
memorize
cramming
cramming

root -games-

win
winnings
a game
play
playing
playful
game
game
player
game library (meaning: meeting of games, special room with such a meeting)
game
toy
toy
tune
play along
loss
draw
teamwork

root -kam-

rocky
heater
stone
stonemason
mason
stone
saxifrage
quarry
stone thrower
stone processing
rockfall
stone cutter
get stoned

root -card-

map
painting
picture
picturesque
cards
cartographer
cartography
card index
card

root -skin-

leather
leather jacket
leather
tanner (value: 1. Tannery worker; 2. Beetle woodcutter-tanner)
skin beetle (meaning: skin beetle - eats skin)
leather meat
leatherette
skin
dermatologist
cutaneous
peel
casing (plastic casing or housing)
casing
subcutaneous

root -goat-

goat
Capricorn
goat
goat
goat
goat
goatbeard
kids
goat meat
goat's rue
kid
goat
goat

root -count-

bell
bell tower
bell
bell
bell
Bell tower
bell
campanulate

root -rings-

ring
ring throw (meaning: equipment for playing)
banding
annular
annular
annular
ring
chainmail
ring
ringed (ringed bird, i.e. wearing a ring)

root -con-

horse breeder (meaning: Horse breeding specialist; person who breeds horses)
horse breeding
stud farm
horse farm
horsemeat
horse-drawn (meaning: Horse-drawn urban railway, as well as a carriage of such a road)
horseman
cavalry (meaning: Horse army)
equestrian
farrier
hitching post (meaning: Place for tying horses)
horse thief
horse
groom
stable
horse (meaning: 1. Seahorse; 2. Little Humpbacked Horse)

root -fodder- (Food)

breadwinner
feed
feeding
feeder
feeding
feed
feeding

-feed- (feed)

helm
stern (flag)
helmsman
feedman

root -kras- (Krasa)

gorgeous
belladonna
Handsome
handsome
Beautiful
show off
beauty
gorgeous

-kras- (Red)

blush
reddish
red-breasted
redness
red-cheeked
rubella

-kras- (Paint)

dyeing
dyehouse
dyer
dye
paint
dye
spray gun
painted
color
tint
coloring
coloring

root -circle(g)- (Circle)

around
round
round timber
all around
circling
circle
circle
district
circle

-circle(w)- (Lace)

lacemaker
lace
lace making
lace

root -kup- (Bathe)

take a swim
kupava
swimsuit
bathing
bathing
font

-buy- (Buy)

merchant
merchants
bought
purchase
buy
purchase

root -kur- (Chickens)

chicken
chicken
Kuritsyn
chicken
chicken breeder
chicken beetle
hen
chicken
chicken coop

-kur- (Smoking)

light a cigarette
smoking room
smoker
cigarette butt

root -ice-

glacier
glacial
ice
ice
icebreaker
ice cutter
ice ax
icicle
ice cube
ice
ice
icing
subglacial

root -forest-

wooded
forester
forestry (meaning: a forest plot as an economic unit, as well as the institution in charge of this plot)
forester
forest
forester (meaning: 1. Forester mushroom; 2. Forester-goblin)
logging
forest protection
forest
forest park
sawmill
felling
lumberjack
cutting area area of ​​forest intended for felling)
timber rafting
forest-steppe (meaning: zone in which steppe and forest alternate)
undergrowth shrubs and small trees that do not reach the height of the main forest)
Polesie (meaning: low-lying wooded area)

root -let-

helicopter
takeoff
starship
fly
flying
entrance
volatile
years
flying
pilot
flight
flight
airplane

root -leaf-

larch (meaning: coniferous tree of the pine family with soft needles that fall off in winter and valuable wood)
foliar
leaf
leaf-shaped
leaf roller (leaf butterfly)
leaf beetle (leaf beetle)
leaf
leaf-shaped
leaf fall
leaf

root -los-

moose nursery
moose farm
elk
elk
moose cow
elk
moose calves
elk meat
elk
calf
little elk

root -honey-

she-bear
mole cricket
bear
cubs
bugbear
bearish
little bear
honey
nectar
honey plant
honey collection
lungwort
honey

root -young- (Young)

young
pullet
young animals
youth
young lady
the youth
youthful
younger

-young- (Well done)

well done
young fellow
young fellow
well done

root -frost-

freeze
freezing
frost
ice cream
ice cream man
ice cream maker (meaning: ice cream seller)
frost
freezer
freezer
freeze
frost
frosty
frost-resistant
frostbite
freeze

root -nos- (Nose)

long-nosed
big-nosed
spout
nasal
rhinoceros
platypus

-nose- (wear)

stretcher
porter
carrier
carrying
tray
demolition

root -nog(g)- (Leg)

sandals
knives
leg
foot
leg
underfoot

-leg(f)- (Knife)

knife
knife
scissors
sheath
hacksaw
hacksaw

root -vegetable-

vegetable grower
vegetable growing
vegetable growing
vegetable washing
vegetable cutter
vegetable dryer
vegetable store
vegetable

root -father-

domestic
fatherland
father (i.e. father)
surname
father's (paternal)
stepfather
fatherly

root -victory-

invincible
undefeated
victory
victorious
winner
winner
win
victorious
victorious
win
winning
defeated

root -slave- (Work)

earnings
part-time job
work
worker
worker
industrious
worker

-slave- (Slave)

slavery
servility
slave
slavery
slave

root -rad-

please joyfully joyful joy cordiality cordially pleasing rejoicing rejoicing

root -cancer-

rocket
launch vehicle
rocket launcher
missile
rocket launch site
missile carrier
rocket science
rocket scientist

root -ran- (Rana)

wounded
injure
wound
wounded
injure
wound

-ran- (Early)

early
early
early
it's too early
early
earlier

root -speech(k)- (Speech)

saying
derogation
speech
recitative
glib

-rech(k)- (River)

interfluve
riverside
river
river
riverman
river
small river

root -genus-

become related
homeland
parents
parental
be born
native
relative
related

root -hand-

oversleeve
handcuffs
assistant
hand
sleeve
mitten
needlework
hand-to-hand
manuscript
handshake
lever
pen
manual

root -garden-

zoo
front garden (meaning: small fenced garden, flower garden in front of the house)
transfer
landing
landing
seedling (meaning: young plants grown in protected ground and intended for transplanting to ridges, into open ground)
seat
kindergarten
gardener
gardener
gardener
gardening
garden
little garden
plant
seedling

root -words-

slander
afterword
preface
dictionary
vocabulary
dictionary
wordsmith teacher of Russian language and literature)
literature (meaning: artistic literary creativity and verbal folklore)
verbal
a word
word
inflection
word formation
talkative
phrase
word creation
word usage
word

root -snow-

snow-white
snowy
snowdrop
bullfinch
snowman
snow retention
snow scooter (meaning: device for riding on snow)
snow blower
snowfall
snowmelt
snow removal
snowmobile (meaning: a vehicle for driving in deep snow)
Snow Maiden
snowflake
snow
snowball

root -suns-

sunflower
sunflower
sunflower
solar
Sun
solstice
sunscreen
sun-loving
sun-shaped
sunny
solstice
solstice (meaning: the period of time with the highest or lowest midday sun height)
Sun

root -sol-

insufficient salting
oversalting
saltworks
saline
salting
salt
solonetz
solonetz (meaning: 1. Salt feeder; 2. Soil containing easily soluble sodium salts)
corned beef (meaning: salted meat)
salt shaker
brackish
saline (meaning: soil containing natural salts)
solyanka
salty

root -sport-

gym
sports
sports equipment
sport Club
sports complex
sports lotto
sports society
sports ground
athlete
athlete
sporting goods

root -table-

feast
table
throne (meaning: 1. Throne; 2. High table standing in the middle of the church altar)
heir to the throne
table top (meaning: the upper flat part of the table, its cover)
table
capital
metropolitan
capital
eat
dining room
captain
capital (meaning: capital city (capital)
carpenter (meaning: worker, specialist in wood processing and manufacturing of wood products)
carpentry
carpentry

root -structure-

built-in (built-in wardrobe)
house building
development
developer
superstructure (extension of an old house)
perestroika
built
construction
extension
builder
building
build
be built
construction battalion (construction battalion soldiers)
construction
construction site

root -sud- (Court)

not under the jurisdiction
defendant
refereeing
criminal record
judge
legal proceedings
judge

-court- (Ship)

shipowner
ship's
shipbuilding
navigable
little boat

root -herb-

forbs (many different herbs)
grass
blade of grass
blade of grass
grass
herbalist
herbalist (meaning: a person who collects medicinal medicines and knows how to use them)
little grass
grass field (meaning: a system of farming with periodic sowing of grass on the fields to increase soil fertility)
grass sowing (meaning: sowing of forage grasses)
grass stand (grass near the channel)
grass
herbivorous
grass
grassy
herbal

root -tren-

trained
overtrain
training (meaning: 1.Training; 2.Sleep-training)
training apparatus
trainer
coaching
training (training)
trained
train
train
training
training

root -ush-

earless
lop-eared
headphones
pillow
earwig
earflaps
eared
ears
eyelet
earpiece
ear

root -bread-

parasite
bread
bread box
bread
bakery
bakery
grain procurement
farmer
bakery
bakery products
baker
bread slicer
farmer
hospitable
grain harvest
bread

root -cold-

cool down
cooled
cold snap
cool
chill
aspic
fridge
refrigeration
cold
refrigerate
refrigerator
Cold
a little cold
cold-blooded
chill
cold-resistant

root -stroke-

all-terrain vehicle
sunrise
entrance
go out
Lunokhod
transition
hike
gait
motor ship
walkers
walk
stilts
walker

root -color-

primrose
barren flower
blossom
inflorescence
blossom
bloom
flower garden
florist
flower
floral
flowering
flowers 		&nbs/tdp;