Class hour of the launch of the first artificial earth satellite. Material for class hour "the beginning of the space age"

On October 4, a class hour was held in the physics classroom dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the launch of the world's first artificial Earth satellite.
The class hour began with information from the school librarian: Obutova L.I.: “On October 4, 1957, the first artificial Earth satellite (AES) was launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome, which marked the beginning of the space age of mankind. Just ten minutes after launch, the first Soviet satellite from an altitude of 228 km above the Earth sent its famous “beep-beep” to the whole world. It took the satellite 96 minutes to complete a full revolution around the Earth. During its stay in orbit (92 days), the satellite circled our planet more than 1,400 times, without ceasing to send a signal, after which it burned up in the dense layers of the atmosphere.”

An interesting moment of the class hour was the performance of students of this class, participants of the 2nd city aerospace school Tayursky Ivan, Orlov Leonid, Afonin Alexander with their projects.

Ivan Tayursky presented the children with a cartoon created by a group of children at the Artek VDL; Ivan received a ticket to this race after becoming a laureate of the Royal Readings. The cartoon, created by a group of guys from 8 countries, is dedicated to the anniversary, the 60th anniversary of the launch of the world's first satellite. Ivan explained in a very interesting way the stages of creating this cartoon.

Sketches, storyboards, animatics, compositing, editing, final rendering - these are the stages you need to go through to get a cartoon

Leonid Orlov presented his project on the topic “Underground nuclear explosions”. This paper examines the problems of nuclear explosions that have gone out of control. Remote sensing images were used in this work.

This year, the second city summer school was held during the Year of Ecology in Russia, so the topic of Alexander Afonin’s research is related to the ecology of our city of Yakutsk. He spoke on the topic “Ecology of Lake Teploe”. Using remote sensing images, he clearly showed the problems of lake pollution.

We have long been accustomed to the fact that we live in the era of space exploration. Many people do not realize that the first spacecraft launch took place not so long ago - only 60 years ago. Today there are reusable rockets and space orbital stations.

And it is very gratifying that our students are interested in aerospace. Our school, together with NPSOSH No. 2, DCTT, participates in the city project of aerospace education under the supervision of the deputy head of the education department of the city of Yakutsk, Tamara Nikolaevna Popova. The scientific leaders of our project are Olga Yuryevna Moroz, Deputy General Director of RISKAT LLC, Alexey Anatolyevich Kucheyko, General Director of RISKAT LLC “We hope that the students of our school will worthily represent their republic, school at All-Russian conferences, forums of the International Children's Center “Artek”, “Ocean” "

The information was prepared by G. I. Machakhova, physics teacher, head of the project “Technovector - the future is created today”

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55 years of the first artificial Earth satellite

Class hour

Yarikova Marina Grigorievna, class teacher of grade 5a, Municipal Educational Institution "Krasnoyarsk Secondary School" of Zvenigovsky District of the Republic of Mari El

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When was the world's first artificial Earth satellite launched?

October 4, 1957 in the Soviet Union at 22:28. 34 sec. Moscow time, the first artificial Earth satellite (AES) was launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome.

This world-historical event marked the beginning of a new era in the history of mankind - the era of study and exploration of outer space.

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The satellite was of great political importance. His flight was seen by the whole world, the signal emitted by him could be heard by any radio amateur anywhere in the world. The time of the satellite's passage over various populated areas was announced in advance in the press, and people on different continents left their houses at night, looked at the sky and saw: among the usual fixed stars, one was moving!

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The American aviation magazine American Aviation wrote: “The launch of Sputnik by the Soviet Union was not only a major scientific achievement, but also one of the greatest events in the history of the entire world.”

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On November 3 of the same year, 1957, the second satellite weighing 508.3 kg was launched. This was already a real scientific laboratory. For the first time, a highly organized living creature - the dog Laika - went into outer space. But that is another story.

Less than a month after the launch of PS-1, PS-2, the second artificial Earth satellite, was launched.

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What types of artificial Earth satellites (AES) are there and what are they used for?

Artificial satellites are distinguished by launch purposes and tasks solved with the help of satellites. In addition, according to the orbits into which they are launched, the types of some on-board equipment, etc.

The dimensions, mass, and equipment of artificial Earth satellites depend on the tasks that the satellites solve.

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According to their goals and objectives, artificial Earth satellites are divided into two groups: scientific research and applied. Research satellites are designed to obtain new information about the Earth and near-Earth space, to conduct astronomical research, research in biology and medicine, and other fields of science. Application satellites serve to satisfy the practical needs of people, obtain information in the interests of the national economy, conduct technical experiments, etc.

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Communication satellites are used to transmit television programs, provide radiotelephone and telegraph and other types of communications between above-ground points located at large distances from each other.

Navigation satellites make it possible to quickly and accurately determine the location of sea ships anywhere in the World Ocean, regardless of weather conditions.

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Meteorological satellites regularly transmit images of cloud, snow and ice covers of the Earth to ground stations; information about the temperature of the earth's surface and various layers of the atmosphere. This data is used to refine weather forecasts and provide timely warnings about impending hurricanes, storms, and typhoons.

Specialized satellites for studying natural resources transmit information for various sectors of the national economy. The information can be used to predict harvests, to identify pest-infested areas of the forest, and to control environmental pollution.

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At what time of day is the artificial Earth satellite visible?

As a rule, an artificial Earth satellite does not have its own powerful light sources that would allow it to be observed from Earth. Therefore, an satellite is visible only if it is illuminated by the Sun, that is, if it does not fall into the shadow of the Earth. But against the background of the daytime sky, even the bright satellite is not visible. Consequently, satellites can be observed near evening or morning twilight.

Only satellites in low orbits (no higher than 1,000 km above the Earth's surface) are visible to the naked eye. Typically, the duration of time during which the satellite can be seen in the late evening or early morning at altitudes of 200-400 km does not exceed 1-2 hours.

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1. What is the exact launch date of the world’s first artificial Earth satellite?

2. Who was the chief designer of the first artificial Earth satellite?

3. How many days did the first artificial Earth satellite fly?

4. What two large groups are HIS divided into based on goals and objectives?

5. At what altitudes above the Earth’s surface can artificial satellites be observed with the naked eye?

Questions on the topic of the class hour.

(research and applied)

(200-400 km, not higher than 1,000 km)

(Sergey Korolev)

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References.

Fesenko B.I. Astronomical kaleidoscope: questions and answers: Book. for students. - M.: Education, 1992. Encyclopedic Dictionary of a Young Astronomer / comp. N.P. Erpylev.-2nd ed., revised. and additional – M.: Pedagogy, 1986.

October 4, 2017 marks the 60th anniversary of the beginning of the space age of mankind. On October 4, 1957, the first artificial Earth satellite was launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome on a Sputnik launch vehicle.

During the class hour, students will expand their knowledge about the scientific activities of Sergei Pavlovich Korolev, the founder of practical cosmonautics in our country, get acquainted with the characteristics of the first satellite, and also learn what types of satellites exist today and what tasks they perform.

Lesson option [PDF ] [DOCX ]

Presentation [PDF] [PPTX]

Rules for the quiz [PDF] [DOCX]

Target:

• systematize and expand students’ understanding of the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite.

Tasks:

• expand students’ understanding of space exploration;
• introduce the artificial satellites of the Earth and their role in the life of modern man;
• to form a sense of patriotism through studying the great achievements of the Russian people;
• fostering a sense of cooperation.

The theme of our class hour is “60 years since the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite.”

And I would like to start it with the words of the founder of practical cosmonautics in our country, Sergei Pavlovich Korolev:

“The time will come when a spaceship with people will leave the Earth and go on a journey. A reliable bridge from earth to space has already been built by the launch of Soviet artificial satellites, and the road to the stars is open!”

The space age in human history began on October 4, 1957, when the first artificial Earth satellite was launched into orbit. The code designation of the satellite is PS-1 (Simple Sputnik – 1).

It was launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome on a Sputnik launch vehicle, created on the basis of the R-7 intercontinental ballistic missile.

Let's see video clip “Satellite launch”.

The flight of the first artificial Earth satellite was seen by the whole world.

The signal sent by the satellite was caught by any radio amateur anywhere in the world.

Many scientists worked on the creation of an artificial Earth satellite.

This work was headed by Sergei Pavlovich Korolev, a Soviet scientist, design engineer, and founder of practical cosmonautics.

Under the leadership of Sergei Pavlovich Korolev, the launch of the planet's first cosmonaut was carried out. Let's see video about the scientific activities of Sergei Pavlovich Korolev.

Watching and discussing a video about the scientific activities of Sergei Pavlovich Korolev.

During the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite, the following tasks were set:

• check the correctness of the calculations and technical solutions on which the launch was based;
• determine the density data of the upper layers of the atmosphere from the descent braking of the spacecraft;
• investigate the ionospheric propagation of radio waves emitted by satellite transmitters;
• analyze the conditions for adequate operation of the equipment of other aircraft.

Externally, the satellite was an aluminum sphere with a diameter of 58 cm, to which two curved antennas were attached crosswise, allowing the device to distribute radio emission evenly and in all directions.

Inside the sphere, made of two hemispheres fastened with 36 bolts, there were 50-kilogram silver-zinc batteries, a radio transmitter, a fan, a thermostat, pressure and temperature sensors. The total weight of the device was 83.6 kg.

PS-1 was in orbit for 92 days and during this time completed 1,440 revolutions around the Earth, thus covering about 60 million kilometers. The satellite's radio transmitters operated for two weeks after launch. Then the device burned up in the upper layers of the Earth's atmosphere.

The news about the satellite launched into low-Earth orbit by Soviet scientists instantly spread throughout the world. The launch of the first Earth satellite made it possible to obtain not only important technical data necessary for the further development of astronautics, but also valuable scientific information.

Newspapers published articles dedicated to the first artificial satellite of the Earth.

Postage stamps were issued to commemorate the launch of Sputnik.

Monuments were erected to commemorate the launch of satellites

Modern artificial Earth satellites perform many tasks and, depending on them, are divided into several types:

– astronomical satellites are used to study space objects and phenomena; in essence, these are mobile observatories outside the Earth;

– reconnaissance vehicles supply information to the military departments of their countries about the location and movement of strategic objects in the studied territory;

– communication satellites are needed to transmit radio signals between very distant points on the surface that are beyond the line of sight;

– navigation satellites ensure the operation of the GPS global positioning system, which is very important for determining the location of vehicles;

– meteorological satellites are indispensable for studying the weather and making weather forecasts;

– remote sensing satellites, using radar and photography of the Earth’s surface, carry out exploration of mineral deposits, accounting for the location of natural resources, and monitoring the state of the ecological system;

– research of living organisms in space conditions is carried out on biosatellites;

– Experimental satellites are launched to test new developments.

Now the number of artificial objects in earth's orbit exceeds 15.5 thousand.

Conducting a quiz.

The quiz is conducted according to the principle of the TV game “Own Game”.

As a conclusion to the class hour, it is proposed

Rules for the quiz

To conduct the quiz, the class is divided into two teams. A draw is held to determine which team starts the game. Team representatives select questions. If the question is answered correctly, the team continues the game. If the answer is incorrect, the other team enters the game. The winner is the team with the most points.

Sources:

1. History of the development of domestic automatic spacecraft // Scientific editor I. V. Barmin. – M.: Capital Encyclopedia, 2015. – 752 p.

55 years of the first artificial satellite of the Earth Class hour Yarikova Marina Grigorievna, class teacher of grade 5a, Municipal Educational Institution "Krasnoyarsk Secondary School" Zvenigovsky District of the Republic of Mari El

The use of artificial Earth satellites for communications and television, weather forecasting and hydrometeorological conditions, navigation on sea routes and air routes, studying the Earth's natural resources and monitoring the habitat is becoming more and more common for us.

When was the world's first artificial Earth satellite launched? October 4, 1957 in the Soviet Union at 22:28. 34 sec. Moscow time, the first artificial Earth satellite (AES) was launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome. This world-historical event marked the beginning of a new era in the history of mankind - the era of study and exploration of outer space.

Inside the sealed housing were placed: a block of electrochemical sources; radio transmitting device; fan; thermal relay and air duct of the thermal control system; switching device for on-board electrical automation; temperature and pressure sensors; onboard cable network.

The satellite flew for 92 days, until January 4, 1958, completing 1,440 revolutions around the Earth (about 60 million km), and its radio transmitters operated for two weeks after launch. Due to friction with the upper layers of the atmosphere, the satellite lost speed, entered the dense layers of the atmosphere and burned up due to friction with the air.

The satellite was of great political importance. His flight was seen by the whole world, the signal emitted by him could be heard by any radio amateur anywhere in the world. The time of the satellite's passage over various populated areas was announced in advance in the press, and people on different continents left their houses at night, looked at the sky and saw: among the usual fixed stars, one was moving! The satellite was of great political importance. His flight was seen by the whole world, the signal emitted by him could be heard by any radio amateur anywhere in the world. The time of the satellite's passage over various populated areas was announced in advance in the press, and people on different continents left their houses at night, looked at the sky and saw: among the usual fixed stars, one was moving!

The American aviation magazine American Aviation wrote: “The launch of Sputnik by the Soviet Union was not only a major scientific achievement, but also one of the greatest events in the history of the entire world.” The American aviation magazine American Aviation wrote: “The launch of Sputnik by the Soviet Union was not only a major scientific achievement, but also one of the greatest events in the history of the entire world.”

On November 3 of the same year, 1957, the second satellite weighing 508.3 kg was launched. This was already a real scientific laboratory. For the first time, a highly organized living creature, the dog Laika, went into outer space. But that is another story. On November 3 of the same year, 1957, the second satellite weighing 508.3 kg was launched. This was already a real scientific laboratory. For the first time, a highly organized living creature, the dog Laika, went into outer space. But that is another story. Less than a month after the launch of PS-1, PS-2, the second artificial Earth satellite, was launched.

What types of artificial Earth satellites (AES) are there and what are they used for? Artificial satellites are distinguished by launch purposes and tasks solved with the help of satellites. In addition, according to the orbits into which they are launched, the types of some on-board equipment, etc. The dimensions, mass, and equipment of artificial Earth satellites depend on the tasks that the satellites solve.

According to their goals and objectives, artificial Earth satellites are divided into two groups: scientific research and applied. Research satellites are designed to obtain new information about the Earth and near-Earth space, to conduct astronomical research, research in biology and medicine, and other fields of science. Application satellites serve to satisfy the practical needs of people, obtain information in the interests of the national economy, conduct technical experiments, etc. According to their goals and objectives, artificial Earth satellites are divided into two groups: scientific research and applied. Research satellites are designed to obtain new information about the Earth and near-Earth space, to conduct astronomical research, research in biology and medicine, and other fields of science. Application satellites serve to satisfy the practical needs of people, obtain information in the interests of the national economy, conduct technical experiments, etc.

Communication satellites are used to transmit television programs, provide radiotelephone and telegraph and other types of communications between above-ground points located at large distances from each other. Navigation satellites make it possible to quickly and accurately determine the location of sea ships anywhere in the World Ocean, regardless of weather conditions.

Meteorological satellites regularly transmit images of cloud, snow and ice covers of the Earth to ground stations; information about the temperature of the earth's surface and various layers of the atmosphere. This data is used to refine weather forecasts and provide timely warnings about impending hurricanes, storms, and typhoons. Specialized satellites for studying natural resources transmit information for various sectors of the national economy. The information can be used to predict harvests, to identify pest-infested areas of the forest, and to control environmental pollution.

At what time of day is the artificial Earth satellite visible? As a rule, an artificial Earth satellite does not have its own powerful light sources that would allow it to be observed from Earth. Therefore, an satellite is visible only if it is illuminated by the Sun, that is, if it does not fall into the shadow of the Earth. But against the background of the daytime sky, even the bright satellite is not visible. Consequently, satellites can be observed near evening or morning twilight. Only satellites in low orbits (no higher than km above the Earth's surface) are visible to the naked eye. Typically, the length of time during which the satellite can be seen in the late evening or early morning at altitudes of km does not exceed 1-2 hours.

The easier it is to observe a satellite, the larger it is and the higher the reflectivity of its surface. A satellite that looks like a mirror ball, flying overhead at an altitude of km, with a diameter of 2 m, will appear to the naked eye as a barely visible star.

1. What is the exact launch date of the world’s first artificial Earth satellite? 2. Who was the chief designer of the first artificial Earth satellite? 3. How many days did the first artificial Earth satellite fly? 3. How many days did the first artificial Earth satellite fly? 4. What two large groups are HIS divided into based on goals and objectives? 4. What two large groups are HIS divided into based on goals and objectives? 5. At what altitudes above the Earth’s surface can artificial satellites be observed with the naked eye? 5. At what altitudes above the Earth’s surface can artificial satellites be observed with the naked eye? Questions on the topic of the class hour. (October 4, 1957) (92 days) (research and applied) (km, not higher than km) (Sergey Korolev)

References. 1.Fesenko B.I. Astronomical kaleidoscope: questions and answers: Book. for students. - M.: Enlightenment, Encyclopedic Dictionary of a Young Astronomer / comp. N.P. Erpylev.-2nd ed., revised. and additional – M.: Pedagogy, Fesenko B.I. Astronomical kaleidoscope: questions and answers: Book. for students. - M.: Enlightenment, Encyclopedic Dictionary of a Young Astronomer / comp. N.P. Erpylev.-2nd ed., revised. and additional – M.: Pedagogy, 1986.