Typology of artists. Actors Personality Types Examples of Famous People

Last updated: 22/11/2014

People who can be classified as ISFP (introversion, common sense, feeling, judgment), are most often calm, restrained and peaceful. According to David Keirsey, who created his own typological questionnaire, this personality type occurs in approximately 5-10% of the population.

ISFP Characteristics

ISFPs tend to act reserved, especially around people they don't know very well. They prefer to spend time with a small group of close relatives and friends.

They like to focus on details. They spend more time thinking about the present rather than the future - they care much less about it. In addition, they prefer substantive information to abstract theories. However, when making important decisions, ISFPs rely more on personal feelings than on clear, logical information.

These people like to have the freedom to choose among several alternatives, so they often delay making a decision in order to take into account changed circumstances or new options for solving a problem.

ISFP people tend to:

• are clearly aware of what is happening around them;
• prefer specific practical information;
• do not like abstract, theoretical information;
• reserved and modest;
• love to gain practical skills;
• have a strong need for personal space;
• always remain true to their values ​​and beliefs;
• They do not like quarrels and conflicts.

According to Myers-Briggs typology ISFPs are kind, friendly, and sensitive. Unlike extroverts, who gain energy from interacting with others, introverts expend energy when interacting with others. After spending some time in a large group, introverts often find that they need some alone time. Because of this, they prefer to socialize with only a small group of close friends and family members. They are also very caring and attentive to the people they care about. The ISFP's moods are not fickle; in most cases they accept other people as they are.

Emotionally, ISFPs are very secretive and keep their true feelings to themselves. In some cases, they may try to hide their thoughts, feelings and opinions from very important people in your life, even from your partners. Because they prefer not to share their innermost things and always strive to avoid conflict, they often rely on the needs or wants of others.

These people are attentive to the world around them. They are sensitive to sensory information and are clearly aware of even small changes occurring in their immediate vicinity. Because of this, they often place great emphasis on aesthetics and appreciate the fine arts.

ISFPs prefer practical, concrete information and tend to be “doers” rather than “dreamers.” They don't like abstract data unless they can find something for it. practical use; Such people prefer learning situations that involve hands-on experience.

For ISFP it has great importance(however, not the main thing!) the desire for other people to share their point of view. They are attentive to the people around them, especially their close friends and relatives. They are action-oriented and therefore show their care and concern through actions rather than discussing their feelings.

Such people love animals and are very grateful to nature. They may seek work or hobbies that will promote connection or contact with nature and animals.

Additionally, ISFPs are perfectionists and may be their own harshest critics. Having high hopes for themselves, they often underestimate their abilities and talents.

Famous ISFP People

Some researchers have suggested that a number of famous individuals have ISFP characteristics. These include:

• Fred Astaire, dancer;
• Marilyn Monroe, actress;
• Marie Antoinette, queen;
• Elizabeth Taylor, actress;
• Barbra Streisand, singer;
• Paul McCartney, musician;
• Auguste Rodin, sculptor;
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, composer.

Fictional characters are also classified as ISFP.

I change throughout the day. I wake up and I am one person, and when I go to bed, I am sure that I am already someone else.

Bob Dylan

The artists are truly creative, but not necessarily in the traditional sense of the word, which means they draw happy little ponies. Yes, this happens often, they can do it perfectly. Rather, it means that they push the boundaries of generally accepted norms with their understanding of aesthetics and design and their own actions. Artists love to subvert traditional expectations by experimenting with appearance and behavior. They probably constantly hear: “Don’t put me in a cage!”

They are happy to be themselves

Artists live in a colorful, sensory world, filled with ideas and communication with people. Artists love to reinterpret such connections, reinventing and experimenting with both themselves and new perspectives. No other personality types explore or experiment with the world around them in this way. This creates a sense of spontaneity and is why Artists are often considered unpredictable even by their friends and family.

Despite all this, Artists are introverts, even more surprising to their friends when they go into the shadows to recharge. However, despite the fact that they are left alone, this does not mean that Artists sit idle - they spend this time on self-diagnosis, assessment and re-evaluation of their own principles. Instead of dwelling on the past or thinking about the future, Artists think about who they are. They return from their imprisonment transformed.

Artists live their lives searching for ways to promote their passion. This type of person is more willing to take risks, e.g. gambling or extreme sports than any other types. Fortunately, they largely adapt to the current moment and environment, and therefore they often behave more adequately than many. Artists also love communication and have a certain irresistible charm.

Artists will always find the right compliment to soften the heart that is ready to call their risky behavior irresponsible or reckless.

However, if criticism does break through, it may end in tears. Some Artists may take soft-spoken comments as another person's point of view that can help them take their passion in a new direction. However, if the comments are more heated, the Artist may not be able to restrain himself, and the situation will escalate into a violent performance.

Artists are sensitive to the feelings of others and value harmony. When faced with criticism, they often find it difficult to take a step aside to avoid impulsive statements or actions. However, living in the moment has its pros and cons, and once the emotions subside, Artists can usually forget about the past and move on as if nothing ever happened.

Meaning in every expression of life

The biggest challenge for Artists is planning for the future. Finding constructive ideas on which to build your goals and developing goals that create a sustainable basis is not an easy task. Unlike other personality types, Artists do not plan for their future in terms of property and pensions. Rather, they plan actions and behaviors as contributions to their personality, gaining experiences rather than possessions.

If their goals and principles are noble, Artists can be extremely generous and selfless, but Artists can also be narcissistic, self-indulgent, manipulative, and selfish. It is important for Artists to remember to actively become who they want to be. Developing and maintaining a new habit does not happen on its own, it takes time, every day, to understand the motivation that allows Artists to use their strengths to achieve what they are interested in.

Six personality types

Man is always Furthermore what he knows about himself.

K. Jaspers

Let's figure out what the explanation for human behavior could be.

Remember: Behind every act and action of a person there is his key psychological need. People never do anything for nothing!

Key Need- this is what is most important, significant and necessary for a person in life, and from childhood.

Every person has all six key needs, but they are not equally developed: one or two key needs always predominate. For example, positive communication is so important to one person that he sacrifices even the truth for it, agreeing with a deliberately false opinion in order to maintain relations with his opponent, because his key need is communication. For another person, on the contrary, it is important to defend an opinion that he considers true, and he argues until he is hoarse, spoiling relationships with others, because his key need is knowledge of the truth. The third speaks at meetings to create

respected image, since the main thing for him is recognition. The fourth speaks at the meeting because speaking is his job responsibility.

Needs are situational(appearing quickly and in a specific situation) and permanent(lifelong, from childhood). We are now, as you understand, interested in permanent key psychological needs of a person, that is, those that determine his personality type.

The key psychological needs of people persist from childhood and determine the behavior of their entire lives!

Look at the little children in the sandbox. One loudly brags about his cars, the second doesn’t listen to him at all and, looking around furtively, hides his molds in the sand, and the third roars loudly because he was again not accepted into the common game. The fourth burly explains to his friends the rules of the game of hide and seek. The fifth quietly retells the plot of the new cartoon. The sixth one simply silently digs an underground passage, not paying attention to the fact that others are constantly destroying this passage.

...And all these children are sitting in the same sandbox! But everyone is driven by their own key need, which determines their personality type.

If we learn to identify a person's key need, we will be able to quickly find individual approaches to the most diverse and even the most intractable people.

Key human needs

Test "Who are you?"

There is sun in every person. Just let it shine.

Socrates

Please choose one of the answer options for each question - the one that suits you best or that you like best.

The column or two columns that receive the most responses reflect the dominant personality types for you.

Main characteristics of each personality type

Man has always been and will be the most curious phenomenon for man...

V.G. Belinsky

Depending on which key need is most important for a person, he belongs to a certain type of personality.

Personality type is a collection characteristic features person, which is explained by his key needs.

Artist: the main need is always be the center of attention society and receive recognition, approval, applause.

Sociologist: need – always and with everyone be in a positive relationship, be friends, do not quarrel and do not swear.

Participant: need – don't be lonely, be accepted into human society, to participate in a common cause.

Intellectual: need – solve intellectual problems, receive answers to intellectual questions, learn the truth.

Pragmatist: need – follow the generally accepted procedure, always act in accordance with the rules.

Controller: need – control the situation, have complete information, have power and influence.

Personality types and their key needs (what is important to them)

ARTIST

The key need is recognition.

The Artist's Spotlight – his own self: how he looks, how he is perceived from the outside. The uniqueness of the artist lies in the fact that he sees the world as if through himself, through his own state.

Behavior and appearance: brightness and expressiveness in everything, the desire to stand out from the crowd in appearance, speech, voice, manners. A loud, shocking person who has at least one striking feature in his appearance, who occupies the entire space at once, and requires special attention.

Image, created image: representative of the elite, the center of everyone's attention.

The goal is to “get applause,” to receive recognition and praise from other people, to be the best. Thanks to the need to conquer the crowd, an Artist can make a dizzying career, but once he becomes ill with star fever, he begins to behave inappropriately, scaring off those around him and thereby ceases to be interesting to them.

The artist is comfortable when he likes himself.

The artist is uncomfortable when he doesn’t like himself: the wrong image, clothes, image, well-being.

Words often used by the artist: “This is not prestigious”, “People of our circle”, “I am the best!”, “I demand respect for myself!”, “Do you even know who you are talking to?...”, as well as a lot of words of praise, directly or indirectly indicating the merits of the artist.

- the impression he makes on other people. For him, from early childhood, it is important how he is perceived and what others think about him. Status, the respect of others - this is what drives all the actions of this person. With all his behavior, the Artist strives to make a good impression on others.

Famous Sayings of Great Artists

Philosopher and writer S. L. Montesquieu:

“The desire for fame is common to all people. We seem to multiply our being when we can imprint it in the memory of others.”

Philosopher C. Helvetius:

“Competition produces geniuses, and the desire to become famous produces talent.”

Poet P. Ronsard:

“...the crowd throws a caustic word after the virtues of the living, But the singer becomes a god as soon as he dies.”

Writer S. M. Cervantes:

“An ounce of good fame weighs more than a pound of pearls.”

Philosopher R. Descartes:

“Respect for others gives rise to respect for yourself.”

Poet A. S. Pushkin:

“It is not only possible, but also necessary to be proud of the glory of your ancestors; not to respect it is shameful cowardice.”

“With the verb, burn the hearts of people!..”

"Love yourself,

My honorable reader!

Worthy item: nothing

There’s probably no one more kind.”

“Genius and villainy are two incompatible things.”

“Ah, it’s not difficult to deceive me!

I’m happy to be deceived myself!”

“We respect everyone as zeros,

And in units – yourself.”

Writer N.V. Gogol:

“There is no word that would be so sweeping, lively, so bursting out from under the very heart, so seething and vibrantly trembling, like a well-spoken Russian word.”

“Poets do not come from somewhere overseas, but come from their own people. These are the lights that flew out of him, the foremost messengers of his powers.”

“The spring of poetry is beauty.”

“The theater is a pulpit from which you can say a lot to the world.”

“Why are you laughing? You’re laughing at yourself!”

Animator, screenwriter and producer W. Disney:

“I would rather entertain and hope people learn something than educate people and hope they are entertained.”

“If you can dream, you can make your dreams come true.”

Actress and screenwriter I. Bergman:

“Every time I get a good role, it seems to me that it’s my last. And that’s why I give it my all.”

“It doesn't matter if you're actually crying. It's important that the audience believes you're crying."

“I have been convinced more than once that many actors and actresses are extremely shy people. When they play, it is no longer them, it is someone else. The words that come out of the actors' mouths belong to other people.».

Actress S. Bernard:

“Great is the artist who makes the audience forget about the details.”

“A gesture must reflect a thought, it is harmonious or stupid depending on whether the artist is smart or not.”

Singer A. B. Pugacheva:

“Any woman is always an actress. And if she's a bad actress, she'll lose."

“Maybe I sing more brilliantly in the studio, but when I’m on stage, the audience is more brilliant.”

“I say seriously - I am the only star in Russia and in the Soviet Union. This is my position."

“I was married three times, and I was always happy. My husbands were unhappy because I sacrificed them to the stage.”

When the Artist is dissatisfied with something, he behaves aggressively and arrogantly, demanding “special treatment” and emphasizing his often non-existent status.

Examples of people with the Artist personality type

Ostap Bender (Ilf I., Petrov E. “Twelve Chairs”). A bright, shocking rogue, with his expressive speech alone he was able to create among the residents of the village of Vasyuki the illusion that over time this city would turn into New Vasyuki and become the capital of interplanetary and intergalactic chess tournaments. Vivid romantic dreams of a white suit and Rio de Janeiro are typical signs of the thinking of a person with the Artist personality type.

Khlestakov (Gogol N.V. “The Inspector General”). Thanks to his posing, ability to write fairy tales about himself (this is an exclusive property of people of the Artist personality type), bright and masterly boasting, he was able to convince seasoned and experienced officials that he was a representative of the authorities who had come from St. Petersburg on an inspection.

Mister Jourdain (Moliere J.-B. "The tradesman among the nobility"). He dreamed of becoming a nobleman and was ready to do everything in the name of this: dress up in a ridiculous dress, take music, fencing and dancing lessons, get into the most stupid situations and even receive the ridiculous title of “mamamushi”, just to improve his social status and gain the respect of high society.

Many bright works of the comic genre built on the shocking character of the Artist. These are Khlestakov and Ostap Bender, Jourdain and Figaro, Panikovsky; in children's literature - Carlson, Winnie the Pooh, Dunno; in cinema - Kozodoev (“The Diamond Arm”), Ivan Vasilyevich and Miloslavsky (“Ivan Vasilyevich changes his profession”), etc.

In classical dramaturgy (commedia dell'arte), the Artist personality type is represented by mask of Brighella: a cunning, bright, resourceful, shocking servant, aggressively and defiantly making his way to success for himself and his master (primarily in love), an intriguer and a bully.

The comic side of the Artist's character consists in constant attention paid to “yourself, your beloved” more than to the entire world around you. The Artist type character looks funny when he is fixated on himself and the impression he makes on others, constantly acting and pretending to be something that is not always true.

An extreme psychiatric form of manifestation of the personality type Artist: hysteria, when the patient resorts to extreme, inappropriate forms of behavior to attract attention to himself (hysterics, scandals, inappropriately shocking image, fights).

Ideal professions for an Artist: combining intensive communication with the audience and the need for self-presentation - actor, teacher, tour guide, public relations specialist, TV presenter.

Not recommended professions : analyst, specialist in information-analytical, technological and technical fields - i.e. specialties aimed not at society, but at documents (numbers) and involving a minimum public speaking. In these professions, the Artist begins to get bored, experiencing a lack of human attention, and also risks making serious mistakes due to his own dislike of working with “inanimate objects” and excessive absent-mindedness.

SOCIOLOGIST

The key need is communication.

Sociologist's Focus – relationships with other people and the level of friendliness in communication.

Demeanor and appearance: sociable, positive, optimistic, communicates with people for the sake of communication itself, friendly, always ready to compromise, flexible, talkative, dynamic, active, talkative, quickly switches to an informal style of communication, delicate and polite, but able to very quickly win over unique charm. Likes to look and dress in such a way as to please as many people as possible. That is why Sociologists love fur, lace, velvet, silk, accessories, jewelry and simply cute details of the toilet that attract, attract and endear people to it.

Target– create and maintain positive relationships with as many people as possible. For the sake of this goal, the Sociologist is ready to sacrifice very, very much, since the friendship and loyalty of others are the most important thing in life for him. The desire to maintain good relationships with others and make more connections is both an impetus for the development of a Sociologist (he moves up with the help of connections and acquaintances) and a cause of failure (fearing a quarrel with the enemies of his business, he can ruin a promising project).

The sociologist is comfortable when he feels a positive attitude towards him from others.

The sociologist is uncomfortable when he feels negativity, ill will, hostility from others.

Words Frequently Used by Sociologist: “You and I are together...”, “I’m so happy about our communication!”, “let’s come to a compromise,” “we are our own people,” etc.

Friendship, communication, reciprocity, collective, team, mutual assistance, many friends - these are the key values ​​of a person with the Sociologist personality type.

When a Sociologist is dissatisfied with something(and this happens extremely rarely, because sociologists are optimists by nature), he asks for help, “presses on pity,” appeals to the friendly feelings and conscience of the culprit of the problems. In critical and conflict situations, the Sociologist can behave like a capricious child asking for help, and this role actually often helps him resolve problematic situations.

Sociologist's Strengths: highly developed social intelligence - almost innate knowledge of who to contact and in what situations, how and with whom to communicate, what approaches to use with a variety of people to establish contact. Social intelligence, emotionality and intuition always help the Sociologist in difficult situations and help him achieve high goals.

Weakness of the Sociologist: an excessive desire to adapt to any person can play a cruel joke on him, leading to a loss of trust from close people and acquiring an impartial reputation as a “slippery and unreliable person.” In addition, devoting a lot of effort, time and attention to contacts with people, the Sociologist sometimes does not attach importance to observing rules, dogmas, moral principles and other foundations of human stability, which is why he loses the trust of people for whom these foundations are significant.

Famous sayings of great Sociologists

Jesus Christ:

“Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth.”

“And a man shall cleave to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh; so that they are no longer two, but one flesh.”

“Love your enemies, bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you, and pray for those who mistreat you...”

Philosopher Cicero:

“Without true friendship, life is nothing.”

“There is nothing better and more pleasant in the world than friendship; excluding friendship from life is like depriving the world of sunlight.”

“We use neither water nor fire as often as friendship.”

“Love is the desire to achieve the friendship of someone who attracts with his beauty.”

Omar Khayyam:

“You must be good with both friend and enemy!

He who is kind by nature will not find malice in him.

If you offend a friend, you will make an enemy,

If you hug an enemy, you will find a friend.”

Fabulist Aesop:

“Gratitude is a sign of nobility of soul.”

Critic and publicist W. Hazlitt:

“We love friends for their faults.”

Humanist scientist E. Rotterdamsky:

“Language is the best mediator for establishing friendship and harmony.”

Philosopher Confucius:

“For the people, philanthropy is more necessary than fire and water. I have seen people die from fire and water, but I have not seen anyone die from philanthropy.”

“To control oneself so much as to respect others as oneself, and to do with them as we wish to be treated with us - this is what can be called the doctrine of philanthropy.”

Poet M. Virgil:

“Love conquers everything, let us submit to its power.”

Playwright B. Shaw:

“Love is too great a feeling to be only a personal, intimate matter for everyone!”

Examples of people with the Sociologist personality type

Manilov (Gogol N.V. " Dead Souls») – positive, friendly, mannered and courteous – to the point of self-deprecation. Uses diminutive words. Kisses everyone. Any dialogue with him is based on mutual compliments and helpfulness. The main thing for Manilov is relationships with other people and winning friendship with them.

Olga Semyonovna (Chekhov A.P. “Darling”), ready with all my heart to establish the warmest and most positive relationships with the most different people(in this case, predominantly by men), gentle, affectionate and courteous.

Vasily Terkin (Tvardovsky A. “Vasily Terkin”), who With his sociability, optimism and cheerful, “unsinkable” energy, he helped his comrades survive in the harshest moments of the war, and even at the moment of his own death, he retained his love of life and optimism.

Heroes of Lope de Vega's plays: cheerful and efficient servants of their masters who find compromises, woo their masters, connecting them with their loved ones, help them get out of difficult situations thanks to social flexibility, sociability, goodwill and well-developed social intelligence.

IN fiction, dramaturgy personality type Sociologist is most often a supporting character (a friend of the main character, a representative of society), striving to reach a compromise in everything, to reconcile the warring parties.

In classical drama (commedia dell'arte) The sociologist personality type is represented by the Harlequin mask: spontaneous, sociable, simple-minded, a lover of women, who sincerely talks about his failures.

Extreme psychiatric form of manifestation of personality type Sociologist: clinical euphoria, when the patient is inclined to the idea of ​​universal love and sectarianism, including religious.

Professions in which a person of the Sociologist personality type will be successful: those whose goal is to establish and maintain positive social connections: teacher, therapist, educator kindergarten, event organizer, psychologist, specialist in the field of human resources in organizations, seller, merchandiser, public relations specialist, middle manager.

Not recommended professions: professions in the legal, accounting and computing fields. Sociologists are usually very superficial, do not like to delve into details, and are often distracted from documents, which is why they can make irreparable mistakes. The high emotionality of Sociologists prevents them from maintaining the composure and discipline that is necessary in professions related to document management and calculations.

PARTICIPANT

The key need is to be accepted, not rejected, by human society.

Two phases of the emotional state - manic and depressive - are characteristic of Participant type person. In the manic phase, the Participant suddenly breaks away, sets himself the most unattainable goals and rushes to realize them at any cost. Following the manic phase comes the depressive phase, when a person decides that no one needs him and falls into a depressed, depressed state. In a depressed state, the Participant is indifferent to everything that happens around him, mopes, looks sick, suffers and worries. It is interesting that, being in a depressed state, the Participant does not want to get out of it at all, giving the impression of an emotional masochist: he is trying to get pleasure from the feeling of loneliness, finding philosophical and existential insight in it. The result of such insight, given the appropriate level of talent, can be expressive works of art created by a talented Participant.

Target – understand your degree of loneliness; depending on his mood - to make sure and prove to himself that he was either “abandoned again, useless and uninteresting to anyone,” or, after all, he was not forgotten and was involved in general process. This goal is the source of both the Participant’s successes and failures in life. The desire to escape from loneliness stimulates the Participant to pursue a successful career. In addition, in a depressed state, a person of the Participant personality type may experience increased creative sensitivity, as a result of which he creates unique works of art (there are many great artists, poets and musicians among the Participants). On the other hand, the manic phase of the Participant's mood can lead to devastating effects.

Demeanor and appearance: prevailing pessimism (periodically manifested in heavy irony), sudden mood swings from extreme sadness and depression to active inspiration and thirst for activity. The participant is often invisible, nondescript, merging with environment, without standing out from other people. Somewhat nervous, impetuous, sometimes abrupt in his movements and judgments. From the outside, the Participant seems to be a very sensitive, vulnerable and neurotic person. He is often a heavy smoker with a hoarse, quiet voice, cold hands, a frequent cough, a tendency to the blues and regular colds. Dresses discreetly and inconspicuously, prefers dark colors. He often chooses black for clothes.

During the manic phase:

– The participant is satisfied when society did not reject him, but accepted him, involved him in its affairs and tasks;

– The participant is unhappy when society rejected him, ignoring him and not paying attention to him, leaving him alone. Here is both a reaction and a form of defense the depressive phase begins.

In the depressive phase, the opposite happens:

– The participant is satisfied when society rejects him. It was then that he, as if in a warm viscous swamp, plunges into his feeling of loneliness. In this state he suffers and creates;

– The participant is unhappy when society is trying to break his loneliness, accept him and involve him in its social process. “Let me suffer!” - the real Participant is then ready to exclaim. This is why it can be extremely difficult to lift a person out of depression.

Words frequently used by the Participant: “You still won’t understand me,” “Everything is useless!”, “Nobody needs me,” “I don’t need anything from you,” “Nothing in this life interests me,” and other words and expressions that reveal depressive participant's state phase.

The most important thing for a person of this type– determine the degree of your loneliness and experience deep, strong feelings. This tendency can be called “sensual alcoholism.” Participants like to come up with reasons for themselves for suffering. Hence the emergence of extremely valuable ideas about the need to save humanity or raise the culture of the country. Unrequited love and suffering from it for many years without recognition and attempts to somehow translate it into real life– typical manifestations of the Participant personality type.

When a Participant is dissatisfied with something, he falls into a depressed state. Manifestations range from complete bodily petrification to quiet tears.

Examples of people of the Participant personality type. The Participant personality type underlies traditional ideas about the Russian character, in which a combination of unbridled fun and classic Russian melancholy leads the “Russian hero” to unexpected philosophical insights and existential discoveries. The tendency to melancholy and despondency is traditionally associated with the depth and unpredictability of character, which is usually attributed to the Participant personality type.

Famous sayings of great Participants

Poet J. G. Byron:

“Being alone often makes one feel less lonely.”

“To dry one tear is more valor than to shed a whole sea of ​​blood.”

“If Laura had been Petrarch’s wife, would he have written sonnets to her all his life?”

“If we called all things by their real names, Caesar himself would be ashamed of his glory.”

“Of all the paths that lead to a woman’s heart, pity is the shortest.”

Writer-philosopher P. Coelho:

“I heal wounds! - Time said...

- I am chained to the ground! – answered Prejudice...

- I inspire! - Happiness objected...

“And I hurt you, lift you to the skies, and then throw you to the ground!” – Love grinned insidiously.”

“The future is revealed to a person for one reason only: if what was destined must be changed.”

Writer J. Sand:

“A lonely person is only the shadow of a person, and whoever is not loved is lonely everywhere and among everyone.”

Public figure S. Chamfort:

“We are happier in solitude than in society. And is it not because when we are alone we think about inanimate objects, but among people we think about people?”

Writer A. S. Green:

“Loneliness is a damned thing! This is what can destroy a person.”

Philosopher A. Camus:

“The artist’s misfortune is that he lives not quite in a monastery, and not quite in the world, and he is tormented by the temptations of both lives.”

Sculptor, painter and poet Michelangelo:

“Art is jealous: it demands that a person devote himself entirely to it.”

The founder of scientific materialism K. Marx:

“To be sensual is to be suffering.”

In classical literature, the type Participant is comprehensively represented in all the plays of A.P. Chekhov. “Uncle Vanya”, “The Cherry Orchard”, “Ivanov”, “Three Sisters” are filled from the first to the last page with characteristic characters who can be called Participants. In these works, suffering representatives of the Russian intelligentsia and aristocracy reveal to the reader this type of personality from all sides: from depressive (when they fall into self-flagellation and reach suicide) to manic (when they suddenly become imbued with a completely utopian idea like “we will work hard, and then a new one will begin.” , happy life"). A.P. Chekhov very accurately and subtly reflects all the details of the character of the Participant personality type: doubts, depression, enthusiasm, insights and brilliant spiritual insights.

Work by F.M. Dostoevsky’s “Crime and Punishment” shows us the classic problem of a representative of the Participant personality type, which is Raskolnikov: he commits a crime in a manic phase, but in the subsequent depressive phase he faces a number of severe internal conflicts that develop into external conflicts.

In children's fairy tales an example of a classic participant is the donkey Eeyore (Milne A.A. “Winnie the Pooh and all-all-all”), distinctive feature who was constantly whining and depressing complaints about life.

In classical drama personality type The participant is represented by the character Pierrot: an eternal “loser”, sad, lonely and not understood by anyone, sad and always unrequitedly in love.

Tragedy - This is a theatrical genre where the Participant personality type becomes the central character. Only such typical representatives of this type personalities like Hamlet, King Lear, and other deeply tragic heroes of W. Shakespeare are able to reflect the tragic rethinking of existence in the air of the era and the inevitability of the fatal fatal end.

Extreme psychiatric form of manifestation of personality type Participant: manic-depressive psychosis, when both manic and depressive phases are aggravated to a pathological level and threaten socially dangerous actions (violence) or deep depression, including suicide.

Professions in which a person of the Participant personality type will be successful: artist, musician, composer, writer, poet, as well as a specialist in any intellectual and spiritual direction associated with creativity and search.

Not recommended professions: those requiring leadership and organizational potential and high responsibility for results - high-level managers, specialists whose work takes place in stressful conditions, situations of risk and the need to make quick decisions, as well as specialists who have a risk of receiving a charge of negativity from others - actors, sellers. Being extremely sensitive and vulnerable, Participants often fail to cope with professional tasks such as managing and resolving conflict situations. Participants have difficulty taking responsibility and taking initiative. Due to frequent mood swings, it is difficult for them to complete a task.

INTELLECTUAL

The key need is knowledge.

Target – to get to the truth, find answers to intellectual questions of interest, solve an interesting problem. The difficulty of a task often does not frighten, but attracts and activates the Intellectual. In achieving his intellectual goals, he is always stubborn and, sometimes, apart from these tasks, he is not interested in anything and does not notice anything.

Demeanor and appearance: Quiet, taciturn, often withdrawn, in his own thoughts. The movements are rather slow. Gestures are sparing or absent. Often constrained, enslaved, awkward. Likes to ask questions. Gives the impression of a person “not of this world.” He is dressed discreetly, but at the same time he always stands out from society with his emphasized unsociability and closedness. The intellectual creates the feeling that he is opposing himself to society, as if hinting that he knows and understands more than anyone else. By doing this, the Intellectual can cause a negative reaction from his interlocutors and, as a result, an aggravation of social conflicts.

Specifics of the Intellectual type: the strong side is thinking and problem solving, the weak side is everything related to communication and society.

Famous Sayings of Great Intellectuals

Poet, writer and translator B. L. Pasternak:

“But the fact of the matter is that for centuries man has been lifted above animals and carried upward not by a stick, but by music: the irresistibility of unarmed truth, the attractiveness of its example.”

“Consciousness is poison, a means of self-poisoning for the subject who uses it on himself.”

Poet-philosopher R. M. Rilke:

“Any simple problem can be made insurmountable by enough meetings.”

Philosopher J. Bruno:

“The peculiarity of a living mind is that it only needs to see and hear a little so that it can then think for a long time and understand a lot.”

“Usually those who lack understanding think that they know more, and those who are completely devoid of intelligence think that they know everything.”

Philosopher Heraclitus of Ephesus:

"Everything flows, everything changes".

“Trusting unreasonable sensations is a characteristic of rude souls.”

“From diversity comes perfect harmony.”

“Knowing too much will not teach you intelligence.”

Philosopher-mathematician Pythagoras:

“Examine everything, give reason first place.”

“The whole life should be entrusted to reason alone, as a wise trustee.”

Writer N.V. Gogol:

“Reason is an incomparably higher ability, but it is acquired only by victory over the passions.”

“Words must be handled honestly.”

“Through suffering and grief it is destined for us to obtain grains of wisdom that cannot be acquired in books.”

“The higher the truths, the more careful you need to be with them: otherwise they will suddenly turn into commonplaces, and common places They don’t believe it anymore.”

“No matter how stupid the words of a fool are, sometimes they are enough to confuse an intelligent person.”

Philosopher Cicero:

“Living means thinking.”

Philosopher R. Descartes:

“I think, therefore I am.”

Philosopher F. Bacon:

“Knowledge is power, power is knowledge.”

Poet O. Khayyam:

“For many years I reflected on earthly life.

There is nothing incomprehensible to me under the sun.

I know that I know nothing! -

This is the last truth discovered by me.”

Philosopher D. Diderot:

“Knowing how things should be characterizes an intelligent person; knowledge of how things really are characterizes an experienced person; knowing how to change them for the better characterizes a person of genius.”

Information is more interesting to an intellectual(sign) rather than live communication with people. The Intellectual spends most of his time alone with books, a computer and other sources of specific information. The Intellectual is able to reduce even communication with people to obtaining specific factual, numerical and detailed information about something that is of intellectual interest to him. For the Intellectual, people are not an end in themselves, but only a means of obtaining certain information. An intellectual is interested in deep specialized issues, often not related to specific pragmatic life goals.

The intellectual is satisfied when he found the answer to a question that interested him, solved a problem that was tormenting him, or found an interesting problem that was difficult to solve.

The intellectual is dissatisfied when he is deprived of the opportunity to seek and find answers and solutions, or when life does not present him with interesting tasks.

Words Frequently Used by Intellectuals: “This is interesting!”, “I need to think,” “I analyzed and came to a conclusion,” “Explain why?”, “I want to understand,” etc.

The most important thing for a person of this type– seek and find answers and solutions.

When an Intellectual is dissatisfied with something, he is more often silent, stops communication (if there was any), leaves the game, tries to get away from the problem. Care options for Intellectual: physiological care; sleep and mental care; solving new problems, searching for new solutions.

Examples of people of the Intellectual personality type. People who devote their entire lives to intellectual research not for the sake of fame (like the Artist personality type) and not for the sake of communication (like the Sociologist personality type), but to get answers to questions that interest them. Among the Intellectuals there are many scientists, writers, philosophers, spiritual thinkers, and developers of intellectual products.

In classical literature, the type Intellectual occurs less frequently than other types. This is due to the social passivity of the Intellectual and, as a consequence, the lack of artistic expressiveness of his character. Characters of this personality type are found among the heroes of deep philosophical works, the theme of which is the contrast of the depth of the human spirit with superficiality and frivolity. social society. Among such writers are V. Nabokov (example: “Luzhin’s Defense”; chess player Luzhin is a strongly manifested type of Intellectual with pathological tendencies), F.M. Dostoevsky (“The Brothers Karamazov”, “The Idiot”), A.S. Griboyedov (“Woe from Wit”, where Chatsky is a classic Intellectual, opposed to a superficial, corrupt society; as a consequence of this opposition, Chatsky is recognized as crazy).

An extreme psychiatric form of manifestation of the Intellectual personality type: schizophrenia, when a person, having complicated thinking and a tendency to inadequately deepen intellectual issues, has serious problems in the sphere of communication with society, emotions and any interpersonal interactions.

Professions in which a person of the Intellectual personality type will be successful: researcher, scientist, analyst, specialist in the field of systems development.

PRAGMATIST

The key need is order (observance of order and rules in everything).

Target – Determine rules for yourself, follow them yourself and make sure others follow them. Rules and order are above all else for the Pragmatist. He is uncomfortable living and working in unpredictability, instability, and uncertainty. A pragmatist needs a system, structure, order and rules of work, then he is comfortable. The pragmatist is ready to check and double-check information many times, delving into the details, in order to find out whether it complies with the rules.

Demeanor and appearance: does not stand out from other people outwardly: he is dressed and behaves in a statistically average manner. Always gives the impression of a normal, ordinary, adequate, realistic and down-to-earth person, standing firmly on his feet. Slow, constantly concentrated on something, observant of details, able to notice little things and draw global conclusions from them. Enjoys working with details and little things, checking and double-checking.

Specifics of the Pragmatist type: a person who relies in his life not on abstract constructs (like an Intellectual), but on specific material values. The main thing for him is stability and order in everything. The weakness of the Pragmatist is that, being successful in a stable and understandable environment, he is completely lost in non-standard situations, requiring a quick creative response. The pragmatist reacts very negatively to everything new, when quick actions “not according to the rules” are necessary, when everything needs to be resolved not by written contracts, but by personal contacts. The pragmatist has difficulty in the creative process when it comes to generating non-standard ideas. A pragmatist is a reliable custodian of an already created system, but not the creator of a new one. The strength of the Pragmatist is economic and practical reliability in maintaining the stability of systems and structures. The weakness of the Pragmatist is the fear of changes and new projects, which is why the level of his creative potential is low.

Typical activities of a Pragmatist: maintaining and strengthening the existing system based on established and prescribed rules. Working with details and a lot of small data: checking, reconciling, performing verification mathematical operations. Detailed provision of material base for different types activities.

The pragmatist is happy when he learned the rules, established and maintained order, and made sure that everything “went according to plan and in accordance with standards”, tasks were clear and understandable.

The pragmatist is dissatisfied when the system collapses, innovations appear, previously established rules are not followed, the environment is unpredictable, the situation is unstable, the tasks are not clear.

Words frequently used by the Pragmatist: “Where is this written?”, “Why does this not comply with the rules?”, “Everything needs to be checked!”, “This is unfounded and does not correspond to generally accepted opinion,” “Where can I find materials on this topic?”, “How many specifically?" and so on.

The most important thing for a person of this type– a system of compliance with rules and order.

When a Pragmatist is dissatisfied with something, he calls everyone to order, demands fulfillment of obligations, begins to “get to the bottom” of documents and contractual agreements, threatens with administrative and legal measures, is prone to litigiousness, and is vindictive.

Examples of people with the Pragmatist personality type. Law and accounting are the areas where there are the most pragmatists, and it is specialists of this type who are the most successful lawyers and accountants. Pragmatists are the people on whom the material world “rests”: it is thanks to their meticulousness and exactingness in detail that the world maintains stability. Business as a sphere of human activity mostly consists of people of this type.

Famous sayings of great Pragmatists

Commander A.V. Suvorov:

“The vigil of the boss is the best peace of mind for his subordinates. His foresight overcomes accidents.”

“Without virtue there is neither glory nor honor.”

“Be sincere with your friends, moderate in your needs and selfless in your actions.”

“The war is only over when the last soldier is buried.”

Playwright J.-B. Moliere:

“Grammar commands even kings.”

“Prudence enlightens, but passion blinds.”

“Virtue is powerless to fight slander.”

“Virtue is the first sign of nobility; I attach much less importance to names than to actions.”

"A bad life leads to a bad death."

Philosopher Xunzi:

“Relying on the laws and also understanding their provisions is the only way to achieve agreement.”

Writer G. Fielding:

“Along with state laws, there are also laws of conscience that make up for the omissions of the legislation.”

Philosopher Cicero:

“Knowing laws does not consist in remembering their words, but in comprehending their meaning.”

US President T. Roosevelt:

“No man is above or below the law; and we should not ask a person's permission to require him to obey the law. Submission to the law is required by right, and not begged for as favor.”

Poet Ovid:

“The laws were given to curtail the power of the strongest.”

Writer S. Zweig:

“Only the complete truth is good. Half-truths are worthless.”

In classical literature, the type Pragmatist changes its location over time from a third-plane character to XIX literature century (merchants, house owners, owners of commercial establishments, like Famusov in “Woe from Wit” by A. S. Griboyedov) to the main character of modern literary works, which is associated with the growing pragmatization and commercialization of our society. The beginning of this trend can be traced back to A.P. Chekhov in the work “The Cherry Orchard,” which vividly reflects the image of Lopakhin, an enriched clerk who allowed himself to buy the estate of his impoverished masters because he had the appropriate funds. All modern literature and cinema quite clearly demonstrate a new commercialized system of values, where material gain and compliance with commercial agreements come to the fore, leaving love, friendship and honor (lyrical-romantic values ​​of such personality types as the Artist, Sociologist and Participant) far behind.

Even the heroes of modern children's cartoons are predominantly Pragmatists: Shrek, Uncle Scrooge from DuckTales, even Russian heroes folk tales in the modern interpretation (“Alyosha Popovich and Tugarin the Serpent”) reveal very charming and not devoid of immediate humor features of efficient, everyday material pragmatism.

In dramaturgy Pragmatists are often used in tragedies - as a punishing finger (Claudius in Hamlet), in comedies - as amusing greedy hoarders who, trying to follow the rules, are deceived by clever crooks. A typical example is Ippolit Matveevich Vorobyaninov in the work “The Twelve Chairs” by I. Ilf and E. Petrov.

In commedia dell'arte The Pragmatist personality type is represented by the masks of Pantalone and the Doctor, who portray law-abiding citizens seeking pleasure, but because of the fear of breaking the rules and awkwardness, they are always deceived by the tricksters Brighella and Harlequin.

An extreme psychiatric form of manifestation of the Pragmatist personality type: epileptoid syndrome, characterized by prolonged “getting stuck” in details and rules and the desire to expose those who “do not live by the rules” and “do not conform to traditions.”

Professions in which a person of the Pragmatist personality type will be successful: lawyer, accountant, commodity expert, marketing analyst.

Not recommended professions: requiring a creative approach, associated with behavior in non-standard situations and implying a wide variety of contacts, without stability and following the same rules.

CONTROLLER

The key need is control and power.

Target – protect yourself through control, have all the information, manage the situation always and under any circumstances. The Controller is afraid of losing control of the situation, not receiving information, or being defeated by someone. The controller always consciously or subconsciously not only opposes himself to the world around him, but also puts himself above all other people, believing that, due to a certain privilege, he has the right to access special - exclusive - information, control over all people and manage all processes. Influence and power are the objects of the Controller's most ardent desire.

Demeanor and appearance: Controllers often take on the mysterious appearance of conspirators in a conversation and can deliberately lower their voices when exchanging “secret information.” The Controller prefers clothes and accessories that are a sign of power and status: expensive items from elite and status brands, jewelry that is particularly luxurious and rich. Controllers wear jewelry and accessories not so much to adorn themselves as to protect themselves. Protection for the Controller is both a prestigious accessory (“You can’t touch me, I’m rich and powerful”) and a specific talisman, a talisman made on the basis of occult knowledge. Controllers, like no other personality type, often wear talismans and amulets on their necks, arms, wrists, or simply sewn into the lining of their clothes. In relation to most people, they behave coolly, primly, emphasizing their own elitism and maintaining their distance. Close and truly friendly communication is rare for Controllers: they usually maintain it with one or two people from their immediate circle, preferring those who are most useful to themselves and closed to the rest of society. Outwardly they are cold, closed, secretive, at times they pretend to be extremely polite to their interlocutors (so as not to arouse suspicion).

Specifics of the Controller type: The Controller's strengths are the ability to achieve a goal, patience, the ability to wait, excellent political abilities, strategic thinking, the ability to develop successful strategic plans and foresee results, the ability to convince people by influencing them (sometimes suggestively), determination. Weaknesses of the Controller: arrogance (which poses serious socio-psychological limitations), fixation on a certain idea without trying to look at it from other sides and rethink it, strong concentration on issues of one’s own safety, reliability of information, one’s own power and status. If strengths help the Controller achieve very high success in developing his own career, then weak sides, on the contrary, hinder his achievement of success, sometimes leading him to what the Controller fears most - loss of control over the situation and complete powerlessness.

Typical activities of the Controller: creating a system and structure of power, inventing a new order and controlling information for the purpose of one’s own safety and power over the situation.

The controller is happy when he is in complete control of the information and in control of the situation.

The controller is unhappy when he does not have complete information and the situation is getting out of control.

Words frequently used by the Controller: Controllers like to ask questions and don't like to answer them. Their phrases and expressions: “There is important information”, “Why didn’t you inform me?”, “You need to be on your guard!”, “Keep me posted!”, “I have a few questions for you,” “Who are you responsible for this?”, “Why didn’t you inform me in a timely manner?” etc.

When the Controller is dissatisfied with something, he is very offended by specific individuals and demands their punishment, including serious reprisals. The controller has a tendency to always look for someone to blame, even when he doesn’t want to. The specificity of this type of personality is that he is always convinced of the presence of some kind of “conspiracy”, “intrigues of enemies” and “the presence of opposition”.

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§ 1. The concept of personality. Socialization of personality. The structure of mental properties of personality Man as a subject of social relations, a bearer of social significant qualities is a person. A person is not born with ready-made abilities, character, etc. These properties

Actor has deep emotionality, dramatic emotions quickly turn into comic ones or are intertwined with them. Expressive in facial expressions, gestures, glances, intonations and other emotional signals. A good actor or speaker. Constantly transforms into some image. In front of strangers he can behave calmly and with dignity. Experiences the emotions of another person as if they were their own. Overflow negative emotions often leads to mental breakdowns. Temperamentally impatient and restless.

A constantly wavering and doubting person. Having a good sense of an alarming situation, he prepares for it in advance - thinks through backup options. Warns people of impending danger.

It can be difficult for him to make an important decision. However, once the decision is made, he will not change his mind or turn back. His worldview may change to the diametrically opposite over time. Internally very contradictory. It detects falsehood and discrepancy between words and real behavior of people.

Forces himself to do something that brings specific benefits. Getting carried away, he forgets about food and rest. At the same time, he does the job efficiently and does not like to redo it. He takes on difficult tasks, although he takes any failure seriously.

His goal is to mobilize people for a cause, but others should determine how specifically to act. He knows how to use people’s abilities in action, distributing roles in the group, but often does not have time to keep track of everything and is nervous. Often a good teacher and team leader.

Looks for the most difficult and exciting cases. In business he shows the most unexpected talents and abilities. He really wants his efforts and achievements to be praised. However, he is very worried if he is criticized, as he perceives this as a collapse of his ideals. It is characterized by a feeling of inferiority, which can be compensated by a demonstrative manner of behavior.

He takes poor care of his health and has difficulty getting rid of bad habits. Distrustful of compliments. Pays a lot of attention to his appearance. He dresses either distinctly democratically or quite simply. Often nHe loves to be touched. Doesn't do well in confined spaces.

Living according to a strict system is good for him. Ambiguities, unpredictability, and constant changes in routine depress him. Captures well the slightest deviations from the usual pattern of events. In his logical conclusions he is quite subjective and one-sided.

Violently protests against force and rudeness. I am committed to exceptionally polite and helpful treatment. In a state of passion, he will stop at nothing. His own strength increases sharply in extreme situation(panic, confusion). In this case, he behaves confidently and decisively. At the same time, he is defenseless against force if he is emotionally and mentally broken. In such a situation, he perceives submission to fate as inevitable. Only a sudden shock can bring him out of his hysterical state. To suppress uncontrollable emotions, needs outside help.

Not sure about the strength of the relationships that connect him with other people. Seeks constant verbal and other confirmation of feelings. He is very jealous of his rivals. Critic and denouncer of morals. His sore spot is the reliability of relationships with people he trusted. He does not forgive those who once let him down. Very touchy and vindictive. He prefers to keep his distance from people. His other extreme in relationships is obsession and narcissism.

Nickname in socionics: Hamlet

Strengths:

• developed intuition;
• attentive attitude towards others;
• courage and determination;
• ability to establish and maintain relationships with people.

Weak sides:

• inattention to detail;
• inability to do the same job for a long time;
• hot temper, lack of willpower;
• inability to plan actions and poor logical analysis.

Portrait of a man

Spoiler: Highlight to view

The young “actor” is one of those who first of all attracts attention in a new company. From the very first minutes he is able to entertain an acquaintance with an exciting conversation. At the same time, the eyes shine, topics are found instantly. Sociability in men of this type is accompanied by intense emotionality and incorruptible inspiration.

At school these are cheerful, life-loving children who communicate with more interest than study. Although, in principle, an “actor” can study quite well. The trouble is that he has weak will, and therefore often cannot force himself to do what he considers uninteresting. Weakness sometimes overcomes him to such an extent that in the morning he cannot force himself to get out of bed, as a result of which he skips classes.

His favorite subjects are history. In addition, he writes well and has a rich imagination, giving interpretations of literary images. So his essays often turn out better than others. He is also attracted to geography, as he is attracted to unknown distances and the romance of long roads. Therefore, already at school he often becomes a regular at the tourist club.

Among the hobbies of this sensitive young man from childhood may be music, literature (in particular, poetry) and drawing, within the framework of which he tries (often unsuccessfully) to show his talent. But what attracts him most is self-expression on stage. He loves and knows how to put on a variety of characters, literally enjoying acting, and also looks great as a pop singer.

If you find yourself in the same company as an “actor,” you won’t have to take the initiative to get to know him. Well, unless you come across a very modest, completely shy and timid “actor” (there are such people too). But keep in mind that this young man, regardless of whether he has a romantic-lyrical character or a cheerful disposition, does not like twirls and whistles. He likes serious, even strict girls. It is to such a girl, who will faithfully wait for him all his life, that he always wants to return from his distant travels.

If you have chosen an “actor” as your life partner, expect that a cheerful, reckless, slightly hectic life will take place around you. You will never be bored with him.

Seriously devote yourself to farming? No, this is certainly not his style. By nature he is a romantic and a nomad, and therefore his interests always come before everyday life. So don’t expect him to enthusiastically remodel his apartment throughout his life.

Since the “actor” is unpretentious in everyday life and is not inclined towards comfort, he tends to place himself in extreme conditions. He is ready to start anything, as long as no one has ever done this before.

For the same reason - to be original and famous - “actors” often make films. There are many people of this type among directors and cameramen. They are not very focused on comfort and are very mobile, and therefore at any moment, together with a good company, they are ready to go filming somewhere to the very ends of the world.

But there are other professions where people of this type are happy to realize themselves. They make perhaps the best PR specialists and copywriters.

True, not all representatives of this type take the trouble to graduate from college: life, love, the whole world with early years attract them and attract them much more than boring studies. And if the parents failed to instill in the little “actor” willpower or at least a sense of responsibility in time, it will be difficult for him to force himself to study for five whole years.