Ecological situation in my place of residence. Essay on the ecology of my area Ecology in the past

In the modern world, one of the main problems is, of course, the environmental problem. It should be noted that, without exception, every region of our large country has its own environmental problems. That is why the topic of ecology is becoming one of the most painful and pressing problems.

Of course, it is best to solve these problems in each district directly. Unfortunately, there is a lot of garbage on the streets, in parks, in forests, and so on, which not only litters the environment, but also spoils the aesthetic appearance of the surrounding area.

There is a pleasant side, fortunately, today people are trying to actively combat this problem and cleanse nature of various pollutants. Therefore, some areas are environmentally friendly. It should be noted that smaller areas are cleaner, since it is much easier to restore order and maintain a good environmental situation in them, but in larger areas it is much more difficult to maintain this order.

In addition to cleaning the environment from debris, it is also very important to clean rivers, lakes and ponds, in which various contaminants also appear over time.

Air purification in areas is also a very important point; this problem can be solved by planting new trees, shrubs, and so on.

And so, as you understand, the main environmental problem in each of the regions of our country depends on the residents of each specific region. Therefore, if you are not satisfied with the ecology of your area, think about it: maybe you yourself are worsening the condition by leaving various garbage, pouring various pollutants into water bodies, and so on. That is, simply put, the cleanliness of each area depends solely on each individual person; only if everyone can take care of themselves, the ecology will naturally improve, and not vice versa.

Option 2

The ecology of my area... it exists! Fortunately, my parents chose to live outside the city. There are new three-story brick houses there. Everything is nice.

There is a forest near our house. There is a sports and children's playground. You can have picnics in the forest - there are special places. And you can also walk and run along the path in the forest.

It is paved and the lights are on in the evening.

It’s calmer here, of course, than in the city. There are few cars, there is parking. We have clean air and birds sing... I like it!

However, there are no buses going here yet. Not all taxi drivers know where our block is. There are no shops here yet, but you just need to buy everything in advance.

The people who live here are young, almost all of them are cheerful and cheerful. There are no grandmothers at the entrances, no drunks...

The only problem is that there are difficulties with garbage disposal. The large bin, where everyone throws full garbage bags, does not always have time to take it out. It was set on fire several times (over the weekend).

Ugh! The whole area was filled with stinking smoke - it was terrible! And the hooligans probably thought that they were even doing a good deed, because they were emptying the tank. But this, of course, is very stupid.

I hope that they are punished and the garbage will be removed without interruption.

There was also a problem with stray dogs. They used to work and live at a construction site - they were guards. When everything was built, they abandoned the dogs, and they already had children.

And they all began to wander around the area. But good people lured them to another construction site, they were settled there, and they were examined by a veterinarian. In general, they were lucky.

There seem to be no more problems so far. Residents create flower beds at their entrances - who has it better? Trees that may fall are cut down.

So, the environment must always be maintained, just like the order at home.

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Essay

"I take care of nature"

Nature is the world that surrounds us, these are trees, flowers, animals, insects - this is all nature!

Nature needs our constant protection and protection. Humanity does not think about the fact that deforestation, water pollution, and the destruction of animals lead to the death of nature.

Nature is generous, and all its beauty can never be described in words. But if you think about it, every flower picked by a child, albeit to a small extent, nevertheless leads to the depletion of natural resources, strength and beauty.

But man is not aware of this. Each of us behaves like an unreasonable egoist, extolling our own interests above all else.

Technological progress is inexorably dragging humanity towards a global environmental catastrophe. Without thinking about the consequences, people change the direction of rivers, pollute them with chemical waste, throw tons of toxic chemicals into the seas and oceans, and cover the surface of ocean waters with hectares of oil slicks. And, after all, water is the source of life for all living beings. It was water that gave rise to life on this planet, and it is unthinkable to even imagine the existence of life without water! A person cannot live even a few days without water; not a single plant or animal can live without this life-giving and, I would even say, “magical” moisture. What awaits us and our descendants if the water is poisoned? Over the years, over centuries, humanity will simply disappear from the face of the Earth. Because of poisoned water, diseases will befall us, and even the rapid development of medicine will not be able to stop these disastrous consequences. Even the ice of the Arctic is polluted by industrial waste.

Do people, blinded by the thirst to get rich, really not think that in the near future our beautiful planet will become unsuitable for living beings to live on it?!!

How sad to realize this!

We will have to answer for our every action. One day nature will stop giving us its riches, because they will simply dry up. What will a person do then? Will he come up with new ways to get rich by destroying our Earth?

We must never forget that even one single leaf plucked from a tree can be the last. Botanists are sounding the alarm - the number of endangered plant species is increasing every year. And in the animal kingdom, scientists also count losses. But the number of new mutated strains of pathogenic bacteria is growing, which cause diseases not only in humans, but also in plants and animals, both wild and domesticated.

However, the world's population is growing steadily every year. To feed such a number of people, it is necessary to grow a huge number of plants and animals, and for this people resort to various dubious tricks: in fields, gardens and greenhouses they poison harmful insects and weeds with various chemicals; on farms they feed animals with synthetic vitamins to increase the number of products produced. products. And then it all comes to our table. We already eat unhealthy food, and as a result, we get sick.

Unhealthy food is a source of many diseases, as is contaminated water. Every year, due to the deterioration of the environmental situation in the world, more and more people suffer from cancer, and more and more sick children are born.

But, despite all this, there are those people who are trying with all their might to maintain harmony in nature, to preserve the beauty of nature.

After all, humanity cannot survive without clean air, without clean water, fresh land, bright sun rays and, of course, without communication with beauty - natural landscapes, pets that give people joy and happiness. After all, everything around us is alive! Even in a handful of earth there are many living organisms, and in a drop of water there is life. Nature is our creator, how can you destroy it?!! We rob ourselves, kill ourselves, striving for wealth.

How I would like people to suddenly wake up and understand what they are doing on Earth.

Of course, everything that we now have - electricity, the Internet, telephone, clothing, medicine and other benefits of civilization - is all done, as it were, for the benefit of humanity. But there is also the other side of the coin - all these benefits do not appear out of nowhere and do not disappear into nowhere, everything leaves its mark. A huge environmental problem on our planet is the unimaginable amount of garbage produced by humans. If you think about it, each person produces so much garbage a day that it would fill a full bag. How many people are there on the planet? Will our land soon be drowned in garbage? Of course, they are struggling with this problem, but not a single enterprise is able to recycle or dispose of all the garbage. City landfills are occupying more and more new areas. Garbage fumes cause acid rain, which in turn harms plants and animals. Is there really no way out of this vicious circle?

And how much is being destroyed, mercilessly cutting down forests! Forests are the lungs of our planet - even children know this! How can you deliberately deprive yourself of the opportunity to breathe clean air?!!

Sometimes it seems to me that people are blind and deaf, they don’t notice anything around them except their personal problems and interests.

Maybe if every person realizes his place in nature, understands that he is not the ruler of planet Earth, but only a small part of it, maybe then people will become more prudent, maybe then we will be able to correct our mistakes and protect our common home from imminent death?!!

Just what needs to be done to protect this extraordinary beauty - our planet, given to us by the Universe itself! The very existence of life on Earth is a unique phenomenon! Humanity will not have to choose when our planet becomes uninhabitable. So maybe it’s time to think about it, and for each of us to start a new life in which we will cherish and appreciate everything that we have!

From generation to generation, people create families and have children. And if our world is unsuitable for life, then why produce offspring? Where and how will it exist?

It’s not for nothing that they say, if you want to change the world, start with yourself. And I think everyone can take part in solving such global environmental problems if they wish. No matter who a person is, he can stand up to protect nature. If all the people of the planet realized this, our world would not now be on the brink of an environmental disaster.

Each of us can and must follow the basic rules of environmental culture. Keeping the streets clean and throwing garbage in specially designated places is easy! Planting trees and caring for them is necessary! Car owners regularly check their cars for the amount of exhaust gases - this is a must! Conversations with friends and relatives about the need to protect the environment are also easy!

With just a few simple rules, our streets will be sparkling clean, our hearts will be happy, and our lungs will be breathing fresh air.

Maybe then our planet will not perish in a cloud of toxic gases.

If I could, I would shout to the whole world: “People! Take care of nature! Save forests, save water! Save the air! Take care of your future! It's not difficult at all. And, if they heard and understood me, after many, many years our descendants will see a clear sky above their heads, they will drink clean water from the river, they will come to the forest and pick mushrooms and berries, they will relax under the shade of trees in the hot summer and will be happy! This is what we should live for, and not for our own self-interest.

I once watched a science fiction film about how our planet became uninhabitable and people flew into space to find a new planet. And I thought, what if it’s true that such a future awaits our descendants? I would sincerely not want this, because I live on a beautiful Earth, and I want my children and my children’s children to see it as beautiful!

We should be grateful to nature for giving us life! And if we say “thank you” to her, she will answer us in kind - with delicious juicy fruits, fragrant flowers, fresh breeze, bright stars, blue sky and warm sun!

People! Take care of our common home. We don’t have and won’t have anything else!

What have we done in the twentieth century!

What happened to the ecology of the earth...

Forests were burned, rivers were polluted,

We could not have done this!

Today, in the 21st century, the problem of ecological harmony between man and nature is one of the most important problems. For thousands of years, people have drank clean water and breathed clean air. But then the scientific and technological revolution came, and the environment began to rapidly deteriorate. Unfortunately, this process does not stop, but is becoming more intense: already in large cities people are putting on gauze bandages and respirators. I am increasingly thinking about the fact that soon it will be impossible for our children and grandchildren to live and stay on earth. Therefore, the time has come to look back to realize what awaits us in the future.

Today, many scientists are sounding the alarm in connection with the environmental situation on the planet, so it is not for nothing that the President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin, signed a decree in which he declared 2017 the Year of Ecology in Russia. I think this is the right decision, as many people need to think about their environmental culture and ethics. After all, as the famous French writer A. de Saint-Exupery said: “The most difficult thing is to judge yourself. This is much more difficult than judging others.” Indeed, in environmental matters, everyone must look within themselves and decide what they can do to restore our planet. And here again the writer gives us advice: “There is such a firm rule: get up in the morning, wash your face, put yourself in order - and immediately put your planet in order.” These words should sound like a slogan, a call for every person to pay attention to environmental problems.

One of the main environmental problems, in my opinion, is the problem of water, air and soil pollution not only from industrial enterprises, but also from household waste. The solution to this issue may be as follows: it is necessary to reduce the amount of household and industrial waste by replacing plastic tableware with paper, or to conduct research on the removal of bacteria that feed on plastic.

An important solution to the problem of pollution is wastewater treatment. To support various branches of human activity, billions of cubic meters of water are consumed annually, and modern treatment facilities make it possible to purify it to its natural state. Here, first of all, it is necessary to control and fine the owners of industrial enterprises who enrich themselves, sometimes at the expense of natural resources, without seeing any economic benefit, in order to make production environmentally friendly.

The transition to clean energy sources: natural gas, wind, solar energy and hydroelectric power plants is also important for the planet. It is also necessary to organize the use of biofuels, which can significantly reduce the concentration of harmful substances in exhaust gases.

It is necessary to protect and restore lands, plant new forests in areas of deforestation, and implement measures to drain lands and protect them from erosion. Of course, an integrated approach to environmental issues is necessary. It should include long-term and planned activities aimed at all spheres of society.

Today, humanity has every chance to return nature to its original appearance, despite the serious damage caused to it. Therefore, I want to end my essay with the following words:

So that humanity does not die from gases,

To protect living things from extinction,

We need to understand one rule -

We need to save the environment!

1. Introduction

2. Man and nature

3. Nature is not an empty phrase.

As man expanded his capabilities - successes and breakthroughs in science - he began to consider himself the king of nature. Of course, this is not delusions of grandeur, but nature cannot be ignored. After all, nature in relation to a person is not a subordinate to a superior, but his neighbor in a common house.

The expansion of cities and the growth of urban populations damages the stability of pristine nature. The growth of the planet's population forces us to exhaust more and more resources. Nature is like a mother to us, and in vain we are predatory with its riches. People now perceive plants and animals as goods for consumption. But this admission is a grave mistake - they are the same inhabitants of the planet as we are.

We destroy the habitat of many unique species of animals, often without thinking about the consequences. Deforestation damages the entire ecological system. The transformation of a forest into a desert increases soil erosion, but trees restrain this process with their roots. In addition, it is not for nothing that trees are considered the lungs of the earth: they produce oxygen, thereby purifying the air, and create a stable carbon cycle on the planet.

The growth of automobiles also has a negative impact on the environment. Many of them drive on gasoline, which releases carbon dioxide, which creates the greenhouse effect. And this is the cause of global warming. The climate is changing, and irreparable damage is being caused to the nature of the Arctic. The world's oceans are heavily polluted, its inhabitants are dying and we are losing species of animals. If we want to preserve the beauty of the world, we must take urgent measures to protect the environment so that it does not disappear from us forever...

Currently, environmental organizations are conducting educational activities among people so that we know how important problems related to nature are for us. By raising awareness, they also help preserve the environment. In general, each of us can help preserve the environment. Planting trees and greening cities is one of the most famous events. Cleaning up areas from garbage is the same event where we can help nature. It is better not to turn on the lights and gas unnecessarily - this way you can help preserve the environment. Not using cars and switching to bicycles is also a way of protection. Don't break trees, pick flowers, or throw trash. If each of us stops doing this, nature will be much better off.

Finally, the whole world must understand that it is necessary to switch to clean technologies. You can build wind or solar power plants, and use natural gas instead of gasoline as fuel for cars. But it is best to discuss environmental issues with friends. This way people will know what can have a bad impact on the environment. And helping to protect it is the responsibility of each of us.

Nadezhda Gerasimova
Essay on ecology

Essay on the topic"My attitude to nature".

How great it is to catch the warm rays of the sun while walking barefoot on the silken grass; feed squirrels directly from your hands; listen to the autumn rustle of leaves; look from a high hill onto the quiet surface of a pond; feel the fresh frosty air; see endless meadows of snowdrops....Beauty!

As a modern teacher, I am concerned about the problems of caring for nature. It would seem, what can I do?

Much! After all, it is in childhood that the worldview is formed, which means that it is we (teachers of child care institutions) We can change society’s view of the problem and outline ways to solve it.

What problem exists now? The expression immediately comes to mind « environmental disaster» . Yes, indeed, this problem is more relevant than ever. It is no coincidence that the twenty-first century, at the proposal of the United Nations, was declared the century of the Universal greening. Scientists suggested green the entire pedagogical process in order to change a person’s attitude towards nature - from a person-consumer to turn him into a person-creator.

It would probably be more accurate to say that there is a crisis not ecological, but moral. We've been told for so long that "Man is the king of nature"! How to rebuild consciousness? Man is part of nature. The best part, though.

It will be difficult to change the views of adults, already formed people, but it is possible to influence children. We are not born destroyers, we become so thanks to (or in spite of) education. Francis Bacon said: “Nature is subjugated by obeying it”. The desire to create good conditions for life led man to the destruction of life itself. It would be worth looking a step forward - what are we striving for? Stop and look around, as Eastern philosophers advise.

The epithets that man has bestowed on nature indicate that he is well aware of its significance. Nature - "mother", "cradle". She inspires the creation of masterpieces of art, heals and even heals. “That’s why we rejoice when we find ourselves in nature,” wrote M. M. Prishvin, “because here we come to our senses.” Living in harmony with nature means living in harmony with yourself - this is happiness.

For a long time now (more than thirteen years) I work with children. She taught children to see beauty in nature, to convey their feelings with the help of drawings, plastic movements, and independently composed stories or fairy tales. Gradually a firm conviction came - simple contemplation and admiration of nature is not enough.

Any source, especially a beautiful one, needs protection. Nature is such a source. Its resources are mercilessly exploited, its wildlife is destroyed, while its beauty is praised. What kind of paradox?

Even children understand the contradictory attitude towards nature. They also observe the attitude of the parents - they admire the first flowers, and then collect bouquets (or rather, armfuls that quickly die and then decorate garbage containers). How then to educate children to respect nature if the main example, the example of adults, is negative? But children are pure souls, they intuitively feel what is good and what is bad and choose the right line of behavior. Moreover, children try to influence adults. After all, children are the future of the country. And what it will be depends largely on upbringing, and environmental including. By their behavior, caring attitude towards leaves, ants, birds, they "knock" into the hardened souls of adults, trying to force them to change, not to lie to themselves and others, praising nature, but simply to live in it as in their own home.

Home is the best place in the world where a person aspires to at any age. He protects it, tries to preserve it. Man must also act in relation to nature. If there is no home, there will be nowhere for a person to live; if there is no nature, there will be no humanity.

Aleeva Aigul
Presentation of the environmental project “The Future is in Our Hands”

The world around us is changing rapidly. These changes are caused by the scientific and technical process, new technologies, new materials. People are increasingly influencing the environment through their life activities, so many of the changes that are taking place are ecological character.

Today in preschool education, aimed at future, environmental the component must become dominant. Exactly ecological education forms a truly human attitude towards nature, determines the permissible limits of its transformation, the assimilation of socio-natural patterns and standards of behavior, under which the further existence and development of a person is possible. It is at the stage of preschool childhood that the child receives emotional impressions of nature, accumulates ideas about different forms of life, i.e. he develops fundamental principles ecological thinking, consciousness, the initial elements are laid ecological culture. But this only happens when condition: if the adults raising the child themselves have ecological culture: understand the problems common to all people and worry about them, show the little person the beautiful world of nature, help establish relationships with him.

Publications on the topic:

Competitive test “Teacher of the Year - 2019”. Essay “The future is in my hands” Every moment of the work called education is a creation of the future and a look into the future. (V.A. Sukhomlinsky) I am a mother of three.

PROJECT GOAL Formation of ideas about a healthy lifestyle; children's knowledge of how important it is to take care of their health every day and preserve it.

Presentation “Project “Our Health is in Our Hands” Project in the second junior group on developing a culture of health “Our health is in our hands!” Type of project: informational and creative.

Essay “The Future is in My Hands” Essay “The Future is in My Hands” “A teacher is a magician who opens the door to the world of adults for children...” K. Helvetius In some ways.

Teacher’s essay “The future is in my hands” Essay “The Future is in My Hands” by Victoria Leonidovna Ivanova, teacher of the MADOU “Kindergarten “Zvezdochka””, Malaya Vishera Epigraph to her own.

Formation of negative attitudes of adolescents and young people towards drugs. Evening of protest at the cultural center “The future is in your hands” Protest evening “The future is in your hands” Scenario of a thematic protest evening aimed at creating negative attitudes among young people.

1,490 rub.

Description

The essay is devoted to the environmental problems of the city. Discussing the main environmental problems of the city, the author sees the solution to these problems in a change in consciousness and the development of environmental culture. ...

Environmental problem of my city
Speaking about the environmental problems of “my city”, with modern trends of globalization, one can easily understand that every city on earth is part of “my city”. Because the model and principles of existence and development of cities, wherever they are, have much in common. Today, cities mean a high density of population, industrial enterprises, transport per unit area, a high degree of environmental pollution from industrial and household waste, a growing shortage of clean air, pollution of the soil layer, surface and groundwater, the creation of an artificial anthropogenic landscape, etc. There is no need to create illusions for yourself that all environmental problems have already been solved somewhere. Humanity is still a baby, just taking its first steps in this direction. Everywhere - in any part of the world, in any country, we will encounter environmental problems; they will differ from each other in area, form, and details. And at the same time, all solutions to environmental problems have one common denominator - love for nature. The higher this denominator, the more successful we will be in solving environmental problems. We should not be satisfied with environmental slogans, demonstrations, and pickets alone. Environmental consciousness should become an inseparable part of human culture, business and everyday life. The solution to the question “To be or not to be?” depends on this. the entire human civilization. Even if we manage to populate other planets, environmental issues will always remain relevant. They will always be with us and will require evolutionary growth and spiritual maturity from us. When discussing the environmental problems of my city, I turn not to general theoretical issues, but to personal experience and the experience of people close to me, to what is next to me, what is in me, as part of society, a city resident.
When we live constantly in a big city, we think little about environmental problems. Especially when we are busy with school, work, career, or are passionate about what the big city has to offer us. Big cities have great gravitational pull. According to UNESCO data for the period from 1949 to 1989. the population of large cities increased 4 times, medium - 3 times, small cities - 2 times. The higher the administrative status, the richer the cultural environment - this is the diverse architecture of buildings, squares, historical and cultural monuments, fountains. These are universities, institutes, lyceums, cinemas, museums, theaters, philharmonic societies, circuses, exhibitions, trainings and master classes of outstanding trainers and coaches. And how many restaurants, cafes, stadiums, sports clubs there are in the city! With all this, any city becomes gray and sick if it has few quiet, spacious parks, if there are no living trees or green spaces on its streets. Every person retains a certain eco-standard, thanks to which his connection with living nature is preserved. As soon as a person gets out into the bosom of pristine nature and even the countryside, a contrast immediately opens up between the artificial environment created by man in the city and nature.
The first thing you can immediately feel when moving away from the city is clean, fresh air. The city, with its dense automobile infrastructure, industrial zones, thermal power plants, thermal power plants and other sources of pollution, makes the atmosphere around it toxic and unsafe for health. Large cities form a gas-dust cap above them - smog, which rises to a height of 200-400 meters. Over large cities, the atmosphere contains ten times more aerosols and 25 times more toxic gases. Every year, traffic jams are becoming an increasingly pressing problem in every major city. This problem concerns not only the loss of personal and working time for citizens and guests of the city, it also involves even greater financial losses. At the same time, they contribute to enormous air pollution. The contribution of road transport to air pollution in cities is at least 60 percent. Traffic jams of many kilometers and many hours are clearly visible on aerial photographs. Those who live in houses near major intersections can fully feel the toxicity of city air. Economically, many cities are connected with one industry or another, which is a source of pollution that poisons the air, water and land with organic and chemical toxic compounds, heavy metals, and radionuclides. Even today, when every industrial enterprise is required to have an “ecological passport” - a document of compliance with environmental standards and emission standards for harmful substances - they remain an environmental “mine” of delayed action. For the most part, these “norms” remain understated and formal. Particularly affected are cities where industrial zones historically remain in the “body” of the city. Every city is bound to have an area or areas with the worst reputation for environmental standards. This is facilitated by the wind rose. It may happen that the dominant directions of winds carry gas and dust pollution from industrial enterprises to residential areas of the city. In such areas, property prices will always be lower than in urban areas with more favorable wind patterns. When we move away from cities and major transport routes, we are enveloped in a blissful silence. Only after immersing yourself in natural silence and its harmonious sounds do you begin to realize how intense and destructive noise pollution in cities is. Very often, large cities have nearby international airfields and railway stations. Some cities retain tram tracks on old streets. Large crowds of people and cars on the streets, squares, and public places - all this increases the decibels of noise pollution. Experiments with animals have shown that noise pollution has negative effects on animal behavior and health. Statistics confirm that in urban areas with increased noise pollution, the frequency of mental disorders and suicidal behavior has an increased index against the general background.
Another hidden source of pollution is radiomagnetic radiation, the sources of which are equipment that supports and services all electrical and electronic information systems, and such convenient and familiar things for us as telephones, computers, electrical household appliances and much more. The discovery was made during an artist’s plein-air trip to the mountains, where there is no telephone access zone, where we are deprived of power grid support. Being a person with a subtle, sensitive psyche, he noticed that at this time his creative powers multiply many times over, and the need for rest and food is reduced to a minimum that would be considered fantastic and unattainable within the city walls. In large cities, we are surrounded by an invisible electromagnetic field, thanks to which television, radio, and Internet communications are carried out. There are few open studies on the impact of electromagnetic pollution on human health and psyche, but even what reaches us is more than enough to understand the scale of this type of pollution. Reports of mass deaths of dolphins, cetacean mammals, and birds can serve as evidence of a negative, destructive impact on the health and psyche of not only mammals and birds, but also humans.
A serious environmental problem in the city is widespread water pollution. If you have ever managed to drink pure reference water for a long enough period of time, you will be able to realize the reality that humanity does not yet understand the significance of the purity of this invaluable source of life. Walk along your city's waterfront and you'll discover dozens and hundreds of sources of pollution, from domestic to industrial, official (with some cleanup) and unofficial. Most urban fishermen who fish in reservoirs and rivers located within the city claim that this fish cannot be used for food, it smells of petroleum products and detergents and is also heavily contaminated with helminths, the latter indicating water pollution from waste and sewage emissions. Where agriculture is carried out, pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers get into the water. In addition, every city uses salt and chemical ingredients to combat snow and ice on roads and footpaths. All this, together with melt water, ends up in reservoirs and rivers. I will never forget when one spring we pitched our tent on the river bank, and when we boiled tea over a fire, our romantic mood from communicating with nature was overshadowed by the terrible taste of detergents. In the morning, when dawn came, it turned out that a permanent tourist base had been built not far from the river. Just compare the scale of a small tourist center, even with a small city with a population of 10 thousand people. And the higher the population in a living city, the more the volume of all pollution from both industrial and sewage and domestic wastewater increases. What is a small sanatorium or boarding house compared to a city with a population of 10-20 thousand people, and what if it is a metropolis with a million inhabitants? If you happen to visit enterprises whose function is to clean sewage and domestic wastewater. They will definitely tell you about modern multi-level treatment of sewage and domestic wastewater, and show you the modern high-tech technology with which water is purified from all impurities and contaminants. Formally, such enterprises have all the certificates confirming the quality of highly purified water up to drinking water standards. But don’t rush to lull yourself to sleep with the song “Everything is fine, beautiful marquise.” When communication with specialists moves to an informal, confidential level, it turns out that most of the equipment serves only as an environmental showcase. For example, consider expensive equipment for oxygen aeration of water. The director of one such enterprise (“KOS” - Sewer Treatment Systems) once frankly admitted: “If we started using this equipment every day, we would be left without pants.” And he immediately explained this phrase in the language of business economics: “If we use all the prescribed equipment constantly, this will significantly increase the cost of our services, while the policy is that we cannot raise tariffs for our services. Therefore, we use all the equipment, all the cleaning power as commanders, only at the hour when victory is needed, at any cost. In our case, these are environmental inspections, Rosprirodnadzor commissions, and audits.”
Water pollution in cities concerns not only surface water, but also groundwater, which is a “strategic” reserve of each country. Antoine Exupéry has an episode in his story “People of the Desert” that tells how the French brought rich princes from the Sahara Desert to the Alps. A tour bus brought the people of the Desert to a picturesque waterfall. They sat decorously on benches and silently, frozen like statues, looked at the giant, rumbling column of water. When the guide accompanying them asked: how much more time will you need to contemplate the water?” They replied: “We will wait for the moment when the water runs out.” Then the guide explained to the respected princes: “This waterfall has been falling here for more than a thousand years, and most likely it will exist for the same amount of time.” The princes somehow turned white in their faces and expressed great confusion with their entire appearance. When asked, “What happened to you?” They replied: “We have great wealth, but at the same time, since childhood, we have been drinking muddy water with sand and the taste of camel urine. For the first time we doubted the mercy of Allah."
Today, 40% of the world's population experiences water shortages. With regard to water resources, scientists' forecasts are disappointing. By 2020, this percentage will be more than 50 percent, i.e. every second inhabitant of the planet will experience water shortages. In cities, a significant proportion of water pollution comes from oil and petroleum products. The film formed from oil products disrupts the aeration of water with oxygen, which worsens living conditions for fish, amphibians, aquatic animals and plants. Petroleum products, getting on the plumage of birds, disrupt their thermal conductivity and aerodynamic properties, as a result they can deteriorate the habitat and cause the death of bird species of wetland avifauna.
Along with water, significant soil pollution also occurs in cities. On lawns and urban wastelands you can see plants with unusual shapes of leaves and flowers, distinguishing them from forms of the same species. In science this is called mutations. Mutational changes are environmental indicators of environmental pollution, including soil.
When discussing the environmental problems of the city, one cannot ignore the problem of city landfills, landfills, unauthorized burials and “ordinary” piles of garbage from picnics, and the uncivil behavior of our fellow citizens. In my city, they have not yet learned how to sort garbage, have not learned how to properly dispose of it, or recycle it. They continue to burn it, bulldoze it, and cover it with earth. When you find yourself near such a testing ground, apocalyptic pictures of the future of human civilization involuntarily arise. People can work only in gas masks, and if possible - in full uniform of the OZK (Combined Arms Protective Suit). The wind carries paper and plastic bags hundreds of meters away. Flocks of crows rise in hundreds into the sky in a black, noisy cloud, reminiscent of paintings of a battlefield from ancient times. Birds can become carriers of various infections; landfills are ideal incubators for pathogenic microflora, especially in the warm spring and summer. Landfills and landfills also attract packs of stray dogs, which become a disaster for all wild animals, such as chipmunk, squirrel, hare, fox, roe deer, red deer, elk. Two years ago, in the spring, a pack of stray dogs drove a male red deer onto the ice of the lake and dealt with him there. Stray dogs destroy bird nests and are carriers of the rabies virus and canine distemper. Stray dogs, uniting in packs, become aggressive and daring towards children and adults, especially in industrial zones and abandoned urban areas.
When we discuss the problems of the city, we mostly discuss these issues from an anthropocentric position, i.e. based only on the interests of man and society. Whereas the city, as a phenomenon of intense impact on nature, has a direct and indirect anthropogenic impact on the surrounding ecosystems. Large cities and their infrastructure—roads, power grids, railways, pipelines—become an obstacle to the migration of animals and birds; hydroelectric dams, which are most often found near large cities, become an obstacle to fish migration. In our city, every year the areas with swampy floodplain meadows and small lakes overgrown with cattails and reeds - favorite stopping places for many species of birds during their seasonal migrations, as well as nesting places for ducks, waders, terns and gulls, and many other bird species - are shrinking. Ornithologists report how power lines (power lines) in places of migration routes become a source of death and injury to a large number of birds, including rare ones such as eagles, falcons, and owls. The decoration of our city and its lungs are several parks with artificial reservoirs. These are the most favorite places for recreation and meeting of citizens and guests of the city. High attendance of parks as a recreational load causes a tendency for compaction and degradation of the soil and some trees. The city administration has established restrictions on the entry of motor vehicles into park areas. In all parks there are stands with information about the plants and birds living in the parks. Cleanliness and a high culture of recreation are maintained. The parks annually host events to develop environmental culture and education; healthy lifestyle programs, yoga, qigong, as well as open art festivals are popular.
By preserving oases of nature within the city, we will be able to preserve and cultivate in ourselves and in our children a person of high ecological culture. In the future, we will be able to turn cities into eco-polises, where progress and nature will coexist in unity and harmony. We will ensure that our technologies and equipment will cease to be a source of pollution of the environment, plants, animals and birds.
All nations of the world have preserved myths and legends that man lived in harmony with nature. Even though this may still look like a utopia and a dream, it is precisely this dream that today unites many people in environmental organizations, social movements, and companies that take upon themselves the responsibility to begin building a harmonious dialogue with nature.
This beautiful TOMORROW already begins TODAY.
Let each of us ask ourselves: “What can I do today to preserve nature?”

Introduction

Today, environmental issues are becoming a mandatory part of the policies of many countries around the world. Most cities are still a negative model - the antipode to all environmental laws. By raising the city's environmental problems for discussion, we lay the foundation for their successful solution.

References

Alan Atkinson: Trust Cassandra. How to be an optimist in a pessimistic world. M., 2012.
Alan Atkinson: How sustainable development can change the world. M., 2012.
Jared Diamond. Collapse: what society does to die or succeed. M., 2008.
Donella Meadows, Jorgen Randers, Dennis Meadows: The Limits to Growth. 30 years later. Ed. Binomial. Laboratory., 2016.

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Composition

Topic: Environmental situation in my place of residence

I live in a small city called Barnaul. It is the capital of the Altai Territory. Barnaul is a very green city, with many artificial plantings - alleys, parks, squares, boulevards, and is surrounded by a ribbon forest from the southwest. But, like any large industrial center, Barnaul cannot be called an environmentally friendly city; it ranks fourth in Western Siberia in terms of pollution. The main sources of air pollution are industrial enterprises, stove heating in the private sector, and vehicles. This is especially true of the northern part of the city (Leninsky and Oktyabrsky districts), where the largest industrial enterprises are concentrated, as well as the southern part of the city (Central district) near the mouth of the Pivovarka River near the Altai Aggregates Plant, where an unfavorable environmental situation has also formed.

Pollution of surface waters of Barnaul - the Ob and Barnaulka rivers - occurs due to the discharge of untreated wastewater by city enterprises. This problem is currently quite acute. Already now in the city of Barnaul, there are great difficulties in ensuring water consumption due to the quantitative and qualitative depletion of water resources. This is primarily due to the pollution of reservoirs and watercourses, as well as the withdrawal of large volumes of water from them. The most vulnerable during intensive development of watershed areas are rivers, which are characterized by a close connection between the emerging runoff and the landscape of the basin. The planning structure that has formed in the city is very unfavorable from an environmental, sanitary and hygienic point of view, which is determined by the relative position of industrial zones and residential buildings. Thus, the Vlasikhinsky industrial district is located on the windward side of the city and residential areas, the residential areas of the Oktyabrsky and Leninsky districts are close to the Northern industrial district, a number of industrial and municipal warehouse enterprises, forming small industrial hubs, are located inside residential buildings. The Trans-Siberian railway runs through the city and its central part.

Every year the city is included in the list of cities with high levels of air pollution. The main sources of air pollution are: thermal power plants (CHP-1,2,3, boiler houses) running on coal; motor transport, the number of which has increased significantly in recent years, 160,000 cars contribute 50 percent of air pollution, while the city's road network is not designed for the existing high traffic intensity, especially in the central part of the city; industrial enterprises, most of which are characterized by the presence of outdated and physically worn-out gas cleaning equipment. In the city, the system of collection, processing and disposal of solid household waste does not meet the requirements of regulatory documents. There is poor work of public utilities to maintain courtyard areas and places for collection and storage of solid waste in normal sanitary condition. The solid waste landfill does not meet sanitary and hygienic requirements, is located in a water protection zone and represents an object of increased environmental hazard.

All of the above anthropogenic factors cannot but have a negative impact on human health. The city continues to experience an increase in environmentally related diseases such as neoplasms, bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, diseases of the endocrine system, and digestive organs, both among adults and children. Over the past decade, responsibility for the cleanliness of their hometown has increased significantly among the population of Barnaul. This is proven by regular campaigns to clean streets, parks and reservoirs, the organization of green spaces and other events.

If we consider the environmental situation in a narrower area, then I would like to consider specifically the area in which I live. Leninsky district is a territory with a conditionally satisfactory ecological condition. The source of pollution here is the large traffic flow, the immediate proximity of industrial enterprises, as well as stove heating in the private sector. And yet, exhaust gases have the most significant impact on the environment.

This area is one of the main industrial areas of the city. The largest enterprises: Altai Motor Plant, Barnaul Tire Plant, Altai Precision Products Plant, Barnaul Asbestos Technical Products Plant, Barnaul Rubber Products Plant, Barnaul Reinforced Concrete Products Plant No. 1, Barnaul Dairy Plant and others.

In my area there are many trees and shrubs, which helps clean the air, as well as the good aesthetic condition of the area. There is a park right next to my house Anniversary , in which dog lovers walk their pets. But, unfortunately, the condition of this park leaves much to be desired. Care for him stopped a long time ago, for reasons unknown to me.

The house in which I live was built a long time ago by Japanese prisoners of war, around the 40s of the 20th century. It is located on the territory of vocational school No. 1. I was not provided with data on the size of the territory; according to my assumption, it is 1 hectare. In my yard there are poplars, apple trees, spruce trees, as well as various shrubs. The soil cover is natural, there are asphalt surfaces. Fertilizers are used for lawn grass and flowers growing in flower beds. Dogs are walked in the nearby park mentioned earlier. The residents of my house try to keep our yard clean. Every year we gather for a cleanup, everyone is enthusiastic about cleaning the yard. pollution barnaul environmental atmosphere

I live on the 3rd floor of a three-story building. With a total area of ​​36 sq.m. There is a kitchen, bath, toilet and two rooms. My parents live with me. The walls and floor of the bathroom are tiled. In all other rooms, the walls are wallpapered and the floor is covered with linoleum. All rooms have plastic windows. All the building materials used in my apartment are quite environmentally friendly, not counting the plastic windows. Tightness ― the most important characteristic of a plastic double-glazed window. However, it is precisely this, on the one hand, positive feature of a plastic window that is its major drawback. The fact is that it is the tightness of the window that reduces the ventilation of the room and increases its humidity, which promotes the proliferation of pathogenic microbes and mold. Windows that do not “breathe” limit the flow of fresh and clean air, increasing the concentration of dust. As a result, a harmful microclimate is formed, which causes allergies, skin diseases and even asthma. The building is in a semi-disrepair condition, requiring major repairs of both the facades and the interior of the house. Due to the fact that our apartment is not located on the sunny side of the house, we are not able to grow plants. Because they lack sunlight, they grow slowly and wither quickly. The house is built of sand-lime brick. But we encountered such problems as poor ventilation, resulting in increased humidity in the house, which leads not only to the destruction of the house, but also to a deterioration in the health of the residents living in it. On the ground floor of the building there is a resource center for training tram and trolleybus drivers. This directly causes inconvenience to the residents of our building.

The source of water in our house is the central water supply. Our family consumes about 18 cubic meters of water and it is used only for domestic purposes. Every month we pay about 700 rubles. The water flows into the central sewer system. There are no faulty taps or pipes. The source of electricity in our house is a thermal power plant.