1.44. Main types of Russian language dictionaries Dictionaries can be divided into two main types: encyclopedic and philological (linguistic). Encyclopedic dictionaries provide a description of a particular phenomenon, concept, or event. TO encyclopedic dictionaries relate

1.55. Dictionaries of difficulties in the Russian language and correctness of the Russian language Dictionaries of difficulties play a huge role in improving speech culture, the purpose of which is to show the correct use of a word, clarify its meaning, and draw attention to changes that

5.2. Morphemic structure of words in the Russian language Acting as a basic unit in the language, a word always appears to us as a definite structural whole, one way or another correlative in its structure with other words. This or that structural character of the word,

7.51. Punctuation and syntactic structure of the Russian language “grammatical” punctuation marks include such signs as a period that marks the end of a sentence, signs at the junction of parts complex sentence; signs highlighting functionally diverse designs,

BASIC PHILOLOGICAL DICTIONARIES OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE Before using any dictionary, you need to clearly define what you want to find out - the meaning of the word, spelling, its pronunciation, correct form, grammatical and lexical compatibility, etc. - and choose

Appendix Men's Explanatory Dictionary The truth about men is not always pleasant. Roza Syabitova 1. When a man says at the beginning of a relationship that he loves you, he means that he loves your forms, not your soul.2. If you have a dating situation when a man

Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language Under the general editorship. prof. L.G.

8. Educational status of the Russian language Without the restoration and development of the national Russian school, which has almost completely lost its originality, it is impossible for any long-term existence of others national schools, always respected and supported in Russia - all

You can't buy all the dictionaries. But "Dictionary Russian language beginningXXI century. Current vocabulary"(M.: Eksmo, 2007. - 1136 pp.) just begs to be put on a bookshelf. No, straight to your desktop!

The dictionary was published by the Institute of Philological Research of St. Petersburg state university, prepared by a team of authors and compilers: G. N. Sklyarevskaya, E. Yu. Vaulina, I. O. Tkacheva And E. A. Fiveyskaya. Author of the project and Chief Editor dictionary - G. N. Sklyarevskaya.

This voluminous publication is so rich in information that it can act as several dictionaries at once: explanatory, spelling, “Together or separately?”, “Capital or lowercase?”, phraseological, foreign words, abbreviations, modern youth jargon, terms.

The peculiarity of the dictionary is that it contains relatively few words and set phrases, about 8500 in total, but all of them are from our modern language, that is, from the lexicon recent years XX and early XXI centuries. At the same time, the interpretation of many words is presented to the general reader for the first time. Therefore, look for what cannot be found in other dictionaries here - and you will probably find it. Unless, of course, a word came into use while the dictionary was in production.

For example, I unsuccessfully consulted this dictionary to find an explanation and also to clarify the spelling of the term “heli-ski”: hyphenated, two words, or one word (all three options appear in print and on the Internet). I didn’t have any other disappointments in those few days, during which I flipped through the dictionary more than once in search of information.

What useful things can a philologist, writer, journalist, teacher of the Russian language, student, graduate student of the Faculty of Philology, a political or public figure find in a dictionary, that is, the one for whom the dictionary is intended, and the one “who is interested in the ways of development of the Russian language”?

For clarity and to confirm the words from the preface to the dictionary that it “describes the living (functioning) Russian language,” I will give a small list of words that are described in the dictionary: plenipotentiary representative, United Russia, lobby, engineering, promotion, website, face control, know-how, DJ, Big Mac, brand, fast food, megaportal, cyberspace, action, fusion, image maker, speechwriter, content; Al-Qaeda, Council of Europe (that is, proper names are included); loot, vparivat, scammer, poppyatnik (that is, slang words are included); OBEP, Northwestern Federal District, KPK (that is, abbreviations are included); VIP guest, DVD, SMS, notebook (that is, words written in Latin are included).

As in other dictionaries, the accent is indicated, but the authors-compilers of this dictionary went further: they also gave examples of incorrect stress, which has become common practice (for example, we often hear “boutik” instead of “boutique”), and also indicated the correct pronunciation (for example, in the word “rating” you can pronounce both “re” and “re”, and the word “guest worker” should be pronounced with “e”).

For those who constantly work with texts: creating them, typing them, editing them, correcting them, it is also important that the dictionary indicates the grammatical characteristics of words, mandatory agreement is noted, as well as strong and weak controls.

All this makes the dictionary literally a reference book.

When I first saw the dictionary, I was amazed at its size: a thick book! For the specified number of words, there are a lot of pages... It turned out that each dictionary entry contains a quote, or even several quotes, illustrating the use of the heading word in one context or another. This is very valuable! After all, a dry interpretation of a word often does not convey the subtleties of its use, but an example from an article or book does, clearly and unobtrusively. For example, I read these quotes just for my own pleasure. Moreover, they are chosen with taste: not just any, but those from which you can learn something interesting and educational.

And, finally, another proof that the author-compilers created the dictionary with soul and knew the needs of readers very well. For many words, information of a reference and encyclopedic nature is provided: historical information (for example, in the article “FSK” it is indicated when it was formed federal Service counterintelligence); the original meaning of the word; in what years was it used in a meaning different from what it is now; what foreign word did it come from...

In general, in my opinion, “Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language of the Early 21st Century. Current Vocabulary,” edited by G. N. Sklyarevskaya, is not a dictionary, but a find. I am sure that in the future it will not gather dust on the rack, but will be constantly in demand. Thanks to the authors and compilers.

Dear clients, I am sincerely glad to see you at my auctions. I hope that the transaction concluded between you and me will give us mutual pleasure.

I am always ready to answer all your questions and listen to all your wishes.
Dear customers! All items I offer are also listed on other trading platforms, so if there are no bids, the item may be removed from sale at any time before the end of the auction.

After purchasing or winning a lot or several lots, I expect you to contact me. And if you plan to purchase other lots that end later, let me know and I can wait.

I expect payment from you within 7 days after the invoice is issued. (If you cannot do this for a good reason, please notify me so as not to leave negative feedback and not terminate the deal)

The most convenient form of payment for me is transferring money to a card. All fees associated with depositing funds onto my card are paid by the buyer. Other forms of payment are discussed individually. After payment, notify me about this, and be sure to write the address for sending the goods and full name. completely (as required by mailers)

I undertake to send the goods within 7 days after payment, but usually it takes no more than 3 days.

I am not responsible for the work of the post office.

To narrow down the search results, you can refine your query by specifying the fields to search for. The list of fields is presented above. For example:

You can search in several fields at the same time:

Logical operators

The default operator is AND.
Operator AND means that the document must match all elements in the group:

research development

Operator OR means that the document must match one of the values ​​in the group:

study OR development

Operator NOT excludes documents containing this element:

study NOT development

Search type

When writing a query, you can specify the method in which the phrase will be searched. Four methods are supported: search taking into account morphology, without morphology, prefix search, phrase search.
By default, the search is performed taking into account morphology.
To search without morphology, just put a “dollar” sign in front of the words in the phrase:

$ study $ development

To search for a prefix, you need to put an asterisk after the query:

study *

To search for a phrase, you need to enclose the query in double quotes:

" research and development "

Search by synonyms

To include synonyms of a word in the search results, you need to put a hash " # " before a word or before an expression in parentheses.
When applied to one word, up to three synonyms will be found for it.
When applied to a parenthetical expression, a synonym will be added to each word if one is found.
Not compatible with morphology-free search, prefix search, or phrase search.

# study

Grouping

In order to group search phrases you need to use brackets. This allows you to control the Boolean logic of the request.
For example, you need to make a request: find documents whose author is Ivanov or Petrov, and the title contains the words research or development:

Approximate word search

For approximate search you need to put a tilde " ~ " at the end of a word from a phrase. For example:

bromine ~

When searching, words such as "bromine", "rum", "industrial", etc. will be found.
You can additionally specify the maximum number of possible edits: 0, 1 or 2. For example:

bromine ~1

By default, 2 edits are allowed.

Proximity criterion

To search by proximity criterion, you need to put a tilde " ~ " at the end of the phrase. For example, to find documents with the words research and development within 2 words, use the following query:

" research development "~2

Relevance of expressions

To change the relevance of individual expressions in the search, use the " sign ^ " at the end of the expression, followed by the level of relevance of this expression in relation to the others.
The higher the level, the more relevant the expression is.
For example, in this expression, the word “research” is four times more relevant than the word “development”:

study ^4 development

By default, the level is 1. Valid values is a positive real number.

Search within an interval

To indicate the interval in which the value of a field should be located, you should indicate the boundary values ​​in parentheses, separated by the operator TO.
Lexicographic sorting will be performed.

Such a query will return results with an author starting from Ivanov and ending with Petrov, but Ivanov and Petrov will not be included in the result.
To include a value in a range, use square brackets. To exclude a value, use curly braces.

Click the button above “Buy a paper book” You can buy this book with delivery throughout Russia and similar books at the best price in paper form on the websites of the official online stores Labyrinth, Ozon, Bukvoed, Read-Gorod, Litres, My-shop, Book24, Books.ru.

By clicking the “Buy and download e-book” button, you can buy this book in electronic form in the official liters online store, and then download it on the liters website.

By clicking the “Find similar materials on other sites” button, you can search for similar materials on other sites.

On the buttons above you can buy the book in official online stores Labirint, Ozon and others. Also you can search related and similar materials on other sites.

The Dictionary describes about 1,500 words that appeared in the Russian language in the first decade of the 21st century and have not yet been recorded in explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language. These are mainly borrowings from English, less often German and French. The dictionary will help the reader better navigate this sea of ​​names. It provides the most complete information about the new word: its interpretation, grammatical characteristics, etymological information are given, in some cases spelling variants are given, and sometimes synonyms are indicated.
The dictionary is aimed at a wide range of readers who want to know what these new words mean, which are constantly found in the media.

AVATAR.
AVATAR, a, m. 1. In computer games, the image that the user chooses to participate in the game. You can choose new “Avatars” each time. Whether it's a courtesan, a harlequin or a doctor in a funny mask - it doesn't matter which image the player has chosen now. Of decisive importance is his ability to track down the victim and inflict fatal wounds on him. (Gazeta.ru 09/20/07).

2. Image, picture used to personalize the user of a network service (forum, chat, blog, social network etc.), often created based on a photograph. Here you need to upload your photo, and within two days the finished avatar will be sent to your email address. I waited for my avatar a day later. The resemblance, of course, is dubious, but for the sake of a joke you can spend money. Although on Youtube there are videos on how to make an avatar yourself in Photoshop. But for this you need to have skills in working in this program. (Izv. 10.02.10).

CONTENT
PREFACE
HOW TO USE THE DICTIONARY
Structure of a dictionary entry
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Conventional signs
A
B
IN
G
D
E
AND
3
AND
TO
L
m
N
ABOUT
P
R
WITH
T
U
F
X
ts
H
Sh
E
YU
I
FOREIGN WORDS THAT KEEP THE WRITING IN THE ORIGINAL LANGUAGE
LIST OF CITED PUBLICATIONS
Periodicals
LEXICOGRAPHICAL SOURCES
Electronic sources.

• A new explanatory dictionary of the Russian language for everyone who wants to be literate, Alabugina Yu.V., Shagalova E.N., Glinkina L.A., 2014
• Living speech, Dictionary of colloquial expressions, Belyanin V.P., Butenko I.A., 1994

The following textbooks and books.