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Gas field Yamal, Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: capital, regions and cities

1 Minerals of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The terrain of the district is flat, consisting of tundra and forest-tundra with many lakes and swamps, and a mountainous part. The mountain range, located in the west of the district, stretches for 200 km, reaching a height of up to 1.5 thousand m. Unique territories in the cultural and natural heritage of the regions. - M.: Russian research institute cultural and natural heritage, 2008

The region's water resources are rich and diverse. They include: the coast of the Kara Sea, numerous bays and lips, rivers, lakes, swamps and groundwater. The Gulf of Ob, a bay of the Kara Sea, is one of the largest sea bays in the Russian Arctic, its area is 44,000 km². There are about 300 thousand lakes and 48 thousand rivers in the district, the largest of which are the Ob at its mouth, as well as the Nadym, Taz (river) and Pur rivers. The Ob River, one of the longest in Russia, flows within the district in two powerful branches. The presence of lakes, most of which are of glacial origin, is one of the characteristic features landscape of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Groundwater is characterized by a huge artesian basin with an area of 3 million km², including thermal water reserves.

The region occupies one of the leading places in Russia in terms of hydrocarbon reserves, especially natural gas and oil. The following deposits are located on the territory of the district: Official website of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug http://adm.yanao.ru/

1. Urengoy gas field

2. Yuzhno-Russkoye oil and gas field

3. Nakhodkinskoye gas field

4. Yamburg oil and gas condensate field

5. Yety-Purovskoye oil field

The state balance takes into account 136 fields (62 oil, 6 oil and gas, 9 gas and oil, 59 oil and gas condensate), the explored recoverable reserves of which amount to 14.49% of all oil reserves in Russia. 37 fields are being developed, annual production was 8.5%. Of the 136 fields in the district, one is unique - Russian, with oil reserves - 16.15% of the district and 30 large ones, which contain 67.25% of the reserves and 69.1% of the district's oil production. Cumulative oil production in the district is 375.2 million tons. Official website of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug http://adm.yanao.ru/

About 600 thousand heads of domestic reindeer are grazed on 50 million hectares of tundra. Nature has hidden here 70 percent of the world's whitefish stocks (muksun, pink salmon, nelma) Brief reference book of the region / Author-compiler Yu.A. Sturmer - 3rd ed., with amendments. and additional - M.: Profizdat, 2009.

Potential Analysis economic resources Finland

In the depths of Finland there are nickel (Kotalahti deposit), titanium (Vihanti deposit), tungsten, selenium, silver and gold (mines near the city of Parkano). Uranium deposits were discovered near the cities of Porvo and Uymaharju...

Brazilian plateau

The largest deposits are concentrated in the central and southeastern parts of the Brazilian Plateau iron ores, beryl, niobium, rock crystal, in terms of reserves of which Brazil holds first place in the capitalist world...

Geography of the Kyrinsky district

Back in 1926, Academician A.E. Fersman, who visited our region several times, noticed...

Carpathian Mountains

The Carpathians are rich in ores of various metals. The largest reserves are concentrated in Romania. In the western spurs of the mountains in Banat there are deposits of magnetites, along the outskirts of the Transylvanian plateau there are rich reserves of polymetallic ores...

Karelia – as a natural territorial complex

Karelia does not have significant mineral resources that are attractive to investors and have a significant impact on the economy of the republic. More than 50 types of minerals have been identified in the depths of Karelia...

Local winds

Located on the West Siberian Lowland, open to the north and south, the territory is accessible to both cold Arctic air coming from the Kara Sea and warm air coming from the south...

Omsk region

The peculiarities of the geological structure of the territory of the Omsk region determined the formation of minerals of only sedimentary origin. Non-metallic minerals predominate among them - clays, loams, sands...

Nature of the islands of Oceania

The mineral resources of Oceania are due to the origin and geological structure of the islands. Most of the islands of Oceania have no mineral resources, only the largest of them are being mined: nickel (New Caledonia)...

Location of Ukrainian infrastructure facilities

Ukraine is rich in ore minerals, primarily ferrous metal ores. Up to 20% of the world's manganese ore resources (including almost 50% of high-grade ores) and over 5% of iron ore reserves are concentrated on the territory of the republic...

Republic of Iraq

The main mineral resources of Iraq are oil and gas, the deposits of which stretch from the northwest to the southeast of the country along the Mesopotamian foredeep and belong to the oil and gas basin of the Persian Gulf...

In the depths of the Japanese islands there are numerous deposits of various minerals, which represent important mineral and fuel resources...

Ecological and economic assessment of the integrated industrial development of the Subpolar Urals

“Natural wealth is Russia’s natural competitive advantage” (V.V. Putin, 02/12/04). The mineral resource base is currently the foundation of the country's economy and will remain its basis for the coming decades...

Authors: G. S. Samoilova (Nature: physical-geographical sketch), N. F. Chistyakova (Nature: geological structure and minerals), M. D. Goryachko (Population), N. V. Fedorova ( Historical sketch: archaeology), M. D. Goryachko (Economy), A. N. Prokinova (Health), P. S. Pavlinov (Architecture and art: architecture)Authors: G. S. Samoilova (Nature: physical-geographical sketch), N. F. Chistyakova (Nature: geological structure and minerals), M. D. Goryachko (Population); >>

YAMALO-NENETS AUTONOMOUS OPERATIONCIRCLE, subject of Russia Federation. Located in the north-west of the Asian part of Russia; partly beyond the Arctic Circle. Geographically included in Tyumen region. In the north it is washed by the waters of the Kara Cape, and the district includes the islands of Bely, Oleniy, Shokalsky, etc. It is part of the Ural Federal District. Pl. 769.3 thousand km 2. Us. 534.1 thousand people (2016; 62.3 thousand people in 1959; 486.2 thousand people in 1989). Adm. center - Salekhard. Adm.-terr. division: 7 districts, 6 mountains. districts; 8 cities, 4 mountain villages. type.

Government departments

System of government bodies The power of the Autonomous Okrug is determined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Charter (Basic Law) of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (1998). State power in the Autonomous Okrug is exercised by: Legislative Assembly of the Autonomous Okrug - legislative (representative) body of the state. authorities; governor - the highest official of the autonomous region; government is the highest executive body of the state. authorities of the Autonomous Okrug; others will be fulfilled. state bodies authorities formed in accordance with the law of the autonomous region. The Legislative Assembly consists of 22 deputies elected on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot by citizens of the Russian Federation with active voting rights: 11 deputies are elected in a single electoral district in proportion to the number of votes cast for lists of candidates for deputies nominated by electoral associations; 11 – for single-mandate electoral districts formed on the territory of the autonomous district, based on the majoritarian electoral system of a relative majority. The term of office of deputies is 5 years. The governor is the highest official of the autonomous region and heads the government. The governor is elected by deputies of the Legislative Assembly for a term of 5 years (with the right to one re-election). He organizes the work of the government and presides over its meetings; approves the structure will execute. state bodies authorities of the Autonomous Okrug; exercises other powers.

Nature

The coastline of the Kara Cape is heavily indented. So... Part of the territory of the district consists of the Yamal, Tazovsky and Gydansky peninsulas, separated by the Ob Bay and the Tazovskaya Bay.

Relief

The district is located within West Siberian Plain and partly on Polar Urals. High lowlands predominate. up to 100 m in combination with areas of gently rolling terrain (up to 200 m high). The largest lowlands are Nizhneobskaya, Nadymskaya, Purskaya, Tazovskaya, Messoyakha; uplands - Poluyskaya, Nenets, Pur-Tazovskaya, Srednetazovskaya, Nizhneeniseiskaya (spurs). The lowlands are swampy, there are many frozen landforms (thermokarst basins, heaving mounds, etc.). South the border is formed Sibirskie Uvaly. To the west of the river valley. The Ob River stretches along the Muzhinskie Uvals (up to 290 m high), passing into the foothills and mid-mountains of the Polar Urals (up to 1472 m high, Mount Payer is the highest point of the district).

Geological structure and minerals

The flat part of Ya.-N. A. O. located within West Siberian Platform(plate) and is confined to the intensely dissected Yamalo-Tazov megasyneclise in the most depressed part of the Internal tectonic region. The megasyneclise includes deep depressions - the Nadym-Taz, Ust-Yenisei, Yamalo-Gydan and Pursky trenches. On the folded Karelian-Baikal basement, reworked by intense rifting in the Riphean - Paleozoic and early Mesozoic, Paleozoic carbonate deposits lie at the base of the terrigenous sedimentary cover of Meso-Cenozoic age. In the most submerged zone in the north-east. parts of the plate, the total thickness of the weakly dislocated cover exceeds 10 km. A gas-oil subbasin formed in the sedimentary cover of the Yamalo-Taz megasyneclise (part West Siberian oil and gas province) with a rhythmic structure: large transgressive and regressive cycles are clearly distinguished in it. Basic productive intervals of the cover are associated with deposits of the Cenomanian - Turonian of the Upper Cretaceous (mainly gas-bearing), Aptian - Albian (oil- and gas-bearing) and Neocomian (condensate- and oil-bearing) of the Lower Cretaceous, Upper and Middle Jurassic (condensate- and oil-bearing).

Mountainous part of Ya.-N. A. O. represented by a folded structure eastern. slope of the Polar Urals (northern end of the Hercynian Ural fold system), in the structure of which dislocated sedimentary, volcanogenic-sedimentary and volcanogenic rocks of various types take part. degrees of metamorphism of Proterozoic and Paleozoic age and unmetamorphosed rocks of Mesozoic-Cenozoic age.

Y.-N. A. O. ranks 1st in the Russian Federation in terms of reserves of natural combustible gas; 2nd place – in oil reserves. From the beginning of geological exploring the territory of the district is open to St. 200 hydrocarbon deposits. Among the fields with gas reserves there are 18 unique ones, in their depths up to 80% of proven reserves are concentrated: Urengoyskoye field , Bovanenkovskoye oil and gas condensate field , Yamburgskoye field , Zapolyarnoe deposit denition etc. 70 fields with oil reserves have been discovered; 3 of them have unique reserves (Urengoyskoye, Russkoye and Vostochno-Messoyakhskoye). The Yamburgskoye, Pestsovoye, Bovanenkovskoye, Kharasaveyskoye and Zapolyarnoye fields contain large reserves of condensate. The Polar Urals is rich in a variety of minerals: deposits of ores of manganese, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, cobalt, antimony, and rare metals (niobium, tantalum) have been identified; phosphorites, barite, bauxite, etc. The Sosva-Salekhard brown coal basin is located on the territory of the district; in the Shchuchinskaya and Baydaratskaya zones, the layers of brown coal reach a thickness of 37 m. The subsoil of the district contains huge reserves of fresh mineralization. (iodine-bromine, etc.) and ind. waters with temperatures up to 200 °C; There are deposits of natural builds. materials (diorites, gabbros, clays, limestones, diatomites).

Climate

The district is located in the arctic, subarctic. and temperate zones. North parts of the Yamal, Gydansky peninsulas and the Kara Sea islands are located in the Arctic. belt Winter is long (more than 8 months), severe, the duration of persistent frosts is 220 days. Wed. January – February temperature –27 °C and below (absolute minimum –55 °C, Gyda). The height of the snow cover is 20–25 cm, the duration of occurrence is 240 days or more. Strong winds (up to 20–30 m/s) and snowstorms (more than 100 days) are typical. Fogs are common in the west of Yamal and on the islands. Summer is short (approx. 50 days) and cold. Wed. July temperature 3.4–4.5 °C (max. 31 °C). Cloudy weather with drizzling rain prevails. Precipitation is less than 200 mm per year. To the center. and south In areas of the peninsulas (up to the Arctic Circle), the climate is subarctic. Winter is severe, the duration of stable frosts is 200–210 days. Wed. January temperatures from –22 (–24) °C in the west to –26 (–27) °C in the east (absolute minimum –57 °C, Tazovsky). The height of the snow cover is 35–50 cm, the duration of occurrence is 210–220 days. Summer is cool (65–68 days). Wed. July temperature 8–13 °C (absolute maximum 28 °C, Marre-Sale). Precipitation is 250–280 mm per year (mainly in the 2nd half of summer). Vegetarian period up to 44 days. To the south parts of the district have a continental climate, the degree of continentality increases to the east. Winter is cold, the duration of stable frosts is 180–190 days. Wed. January temperatures range from –23 °C in the west to –26 °C in the east (absolute minimum –61 °C, Tarko-Sale). The height of the snow cover is from 60–70 cm in the mountains to 80 cm in the east (the Taz River basin), the duration of occurrence is 200 days. There is avalanche danger in the mountains. Wed. July temperature 14–16 °C (absolute maximum 34 °C, Tolka). Precipitation is up to 500 mm per year (mostly in August). Vegetarian period 110–115 days. All in. Continuous permafrost is common in areas (thickness 300–400 m), in the south it is intermittent; under river beds there are thawed soils.

Inland waters

All 50 thousand rivers of the district belong to the Kara Sea basin. Ch. rivers - Ob (with tributaries Kunovat, Poluy, Synya, Voykar, Sob), Nadym, Pur, Taz. The rivers are fed by snow and partly by rain. The long winter low-water period gives way to high floods. Freeze-up lasts 7–8 months. In spring, congestion in the lower reaches is typical. All rivers have wide floodplains, meandering channels, channels and branches. Small rivers freeze to the bottom. There are 300 thousand lakes in the district (thermokarst, floodplain, peat, coastal-lagoon, glacial, etc.), the largest of them are Shuryshkarsky Sor, Neito, Yarato. So... the areas are occupied by swamps.

Soils, flora and fauna

2/3 of the district's area is occupied by tundra. In the far north of the Yamal and Gydan peninsulas and on the islands, the arctic is widespread. tundra with arcto-tundra soils. Polygonal lichen, small-grass tundra with single flowering plants (poppy, saxifrage, etc.) are combined with fragmentary miners. lowland (polygonal-hypnotic) swamps and bare soil spots. On sea terraces in depressions, grass-sedge coastal meadows (tampas) are formed on marsh soils. To the center. In parts of the peninsulas, shrub-moss-lichen (typical) tundras are common on tundra-gley soils in combination with sedge-cotton grass lowland bogs on peat-gley and bog-permafrost soils. South tundra – shrubland (birberry and willow) on tundra illuvial-humus soils with an abundance of swamps (humocks, ridge-hollows) on peat-bog soils. All types of tundra are used for reindeer pastures.

In a narrow strip of the forest-tundra zone, open spaces with Siberian larch (in some places with an admixture of spruce) are combined with moss-shrub tundra and swamps. Northern subzone The taiga is represented by sparse larch forests with an admixture of spruce, cedar, and pine on illuvial-humus podzols. In the southeast, where there is a significant proportion of dark coniferous forests, podzolized gleyzems have formed. Coarse peat bogs are developed. In the Ural part, spruce forests are replaced in the low mountains by spruce-larch open forests and crooked forests, above which birch-moss-lichen tundras are common on the slopes of the middle mountains, turning into rocky tundras and char with migratory snowfields.

The fauna is diverse, there are 300 species of vertebrates, 200 species of birds, 40 species of fish. Lemmings, arctic foxes, reindeer, tundra partridges, polar owls, etc. are found in the tundra. Beluga whales and killer whales swim into the Gulf of Ob. Polar bears and walruses are common on the islands. All in. The taiga is inhabited by sable, squirrel, hazel grouse, capercaillie, bear, wolf, fox, elk, marten, etc. Rivers and lakes are rich in fish, accounting for 70% of the world's whitefish stock (muksun, pyzhyan, etc.); there is a significant proportion of sturgeon and salmon, a lot of pike, burbot, ide, perch, etc.

Condition and protection of the environment

Ecological The situation was sharply worsened by the development of oil and gas fields and emissions of pollutants by fuel and energy enterprises. complex (especially in Purovsky, Nadymsky, Tazovsky, Krasnoselkupsky and Yamalsky districts). The total volume of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere is 716.2 thousand tons, including from stationary sources - 632.2 thousand tons, from road transport - 84.0 thousand tons (2015). Over the past 5 years, emissions have decreased by 23%. Water intake from natural water sources is 236 million m3, discharge of polluted wastewater into surface water bodies is 23 million m3 (2015). 60% of surface and 13.2% of underground water supply sources are not hygienic. standards In rivers near large cities (Urengoy, Salekhard, etc.), the maximum permissible concentrations of pollutants are exceeded tens of times; areas - hundreds of times. Great damage has been caused to reindeer pastures, especially on the Yamal Peninsula, their degradation is observed due to overgrazing, and the number of deer has decreased (up to 600 thousand heads). To preserve and increase fish stocks on the river. A large number of juvenile muksun and peled were released.

Protected natural areas occupy 10.9% of the district’s area, among them – Verkhnetazovsky Reserve , Gydansky Reserve, 7 regional reserves, 3 federal reserves, 1 natural park, 1 natural monument.

Population

B. h. population of Ya.-N. A. O. are Russians (61.7%) and Ukrainians (9.7%). The Nenets (5.9%), Khanty (1.9%), Komi (1%), Selkup (0.4%), as well as Tatars, Bashkirs, Azerbaijanis, etc. live.

Demographic the situation is better compared to the average for the Russian Federation due to a younger age structure and a relatively low mortality rate, as well as economics. factors (dynamically developing gas producing region). In 1990–93 due to migrants. outflow, the population decreased by approximately 25 thousand people, then began to increase again (by more than 75 thousand people in 1993–2015); in 2015 there was a slight decrease (approx. 5 thousand people). Natural increase 11.3 per 1000 inhabitants. (2015; 5th place in the Russian Federation): birth rate 16.6 per 1000 inhabitants. (10th place), mortality 5.3 per 1000 inhabitants. (3rd place); infant mortality rate is 7.3 per 1000 live births. Migrats. The mobility of the population is high, there are intense inflows and outflows (Ya.-N. autonomous region is an attractive region for labor migrants, but the natural and climatic conditions for permanent residence are extremely unfavorable). Migrants have been observed since 2012. population decline (223 per 10 thousand inhabitants, 2015). The share of women is 49.9%. In the age structure, the share of the population under working age (up to 16 years) is 23.8% (in the Russian Federation 18.0%), over working age is 10.0% (in the Russian Federation 24.6%). Wed. life expectancy is 71.7 years (men - 66.9, women - 76.4). Wed. population density is extremely low - 0.7 people/km 2 ; The distribution of the population is mainly focal character. So... some of the settlements in the Nadym-Purovsky, Novourengoysky and Noyabrsky districts are confined to oil and gas industry enterprises; in zap. parts of the district play an important role in trade and transport distribution. Salekhard plays the knot. Share of mountains us. 83.7% (2016), the largest cities (thousand people): Novy Urengoy (111.2) and Noyabrsk (106.6), where about half of the district’s citizens live.

Religion

On the territory of Ya.-N. A. O. registered: 27 Orthodox organizations belonging to the Salekhard diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church (formed in 2011 by separation from the Tobolsk-Tyumen diocese); 17 Muslim organizations, including the Regional Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Ya.-N. A. O.; 19 Protestant organizations various. denominations [Baptists (8), Pentecostals (5), Evangelical Christians (4), Evangelical Christians (2)].

Historical sketch

MVK im. I. S. Shemanovsky (1, 2), Shuryshkarsky museum complex (3) Archaeological finds on the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: 1 - ceramic vessel from the settlement of Gorny Samotnel I. Chalcolithic; 2 - horned figurine of an owl from the Ust-Poluy sanctuary. 1...

To the most ancient archaeological monuments of the region (possibly about 20 thousand years ago) include stone tools of the Upper Paleolithic. images found on the banks of the river. Voykar. The Mesolithic is represented by five monuments in the taiga zone, their multicomponent nature is noted; for one of the trapping pits there are radiocarbon calibrated dates ranging from 7500–6350 BC. e. Due to permafrost, at a number of monuments of this and later times, products and remains of structures made of organic materials have been preserved. materials. The Neolithic is known in the east of the region; complexes of trapping pits, stone mines, settlements of fishermen and hunters, united in the Etta cultural type, were studied.

The Chalcolithic of the Lower Ob region (3rd millennium BC) is represented by three economic and cultural types: settlements of sedentary fishermen on the Ob (Mountain Samotnel I, etc.); seasonal camps on small rivers (Yasun culture), camps for southern hunters. tundra (Yorkuta type of monuments). The Bronze Age has been studied mainly. in the east of the region - in the upper reaches of the river. Pyakupur and the river basin Pelvis, where the application to the local base is fixed Ymyyakhtakh culture. At the Early Bronze Age settlement of Vary-Khadyta II (south of the Yamal Peninsula), several were discovered. fragments of copper-bronze items, ceramics with zoomorphic moldings, etc.

Early Iron Age complexes are concentrated in the northern zones. taiga and forest-tundra; they, like later ones, are close to the taiga cultures and types of monuments widespread to the south (see Historical sketch in Art. Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug); stands out Ust-Polui culture. From the 1st century BC e. Reindeer husbandry became an important factor in development, ensuring increased mobility of the population and the possibility of communications with the south and west; with the introduction of sled reindeer husbandry (not earlier than the Middle Ages), the Yamal and Gydan peninsulas were developed. The early medieval complex of Zeleny Yar (Priuralsky district) with a bronze foundry and burial grounds (including mummified human remains) stands out for its wealth and preservation of finds. Middle-century complexes are considered within the framework of the Ob-Irtysh cultural and historical. community, basic whose monuments are located to the south.

The interaction of different Ugric and Samoyed groups led to the formation of Samoyeds (Nenets) and Ostyaks (Khanty). Nadymsky (see in the article Nadym), Voykarsky, Poluysky and other “towns” are connected with the centers of the Ugric “principalities” Obdorsk land late Middle Ages and modern times.

The active penetration of Russians into the Obdorsk land began in the last quarter. 15th century During the campaign the Russian troops 1499–1500 the Obdorsky fort was founded (soon abandoned). The Obdorsk princedom retained its independence virtually until the end. 16th century, although the name “Obdorsky and Kondinsky” was included in the title of Vel. princes of Moscow in 1514 or 1516. In 1595, in response to the siege of the city of Berezov by the Ostyaks and Samoyeds, a military campaign was undertaken. Russian expedition troops under command. book P.I. Gorchakov and the head of A.V. Khrushchov, which led to the subordination of the Obdorsky princedom. On the site of its capital in the same year (according to another version, in 1596) Russian was founded. Poluisky fortress Nosovy gorodok (Nosovy Obdor; later Obdorsky fort, Obdorsk, from the 19th century the village of Obdorskoye). Around the same time, the Obdorsk volost arose as part of the Berezovsky district. Despite this, until the 1st quarter. 19th century rus. the authorities did not seriously interfere with the internal affairs. the structure of the Ostyaks and Samoyeds, the princely Ostyak dynasty was also preserved, whose representative Taisha converted to Orthodoxy in 1714 with the name Alexey (his descendants were called the princes Taishin). The Ostyaks and Samoyeds of Yamal regularly took up arms. speeches against Russian authorities (1600, 1607, 1644, 1649, 1662–63, 1678). In 1601 on the banks of the river. Taz was founded by the city of Mangazeya, which became the center of a vast district, which included the eastern. and southeast modern lands Y.-N. A. O. In 1672 the center of Mangazeya u. was moved to the city of Novaya Mangazeya (later Turukhansk; now the village of Staroturukhansk in the Krasnoyarsk Territory).

The territory of modern Y.-N. A. O. was part of the Siberian (1708–82) and Tobolsk (1782–1804) provinces, then most of it was part of the Tobolsk (1804–1920) and Tyumen (1920–23) provinces, and the eastern. (Gydan Peninsula, etc.) and southeast. The districts were part of the Tomsk (1804–22) and Yenisei (1822–1925; eastern regions until 1923) provinces. In 1717 and 1726, Metropolitan Philofey (Leshchinsky) of Tobolsk and Siberia made missions to the Obdorsk volost and baptized part of the local population. An important role in the development of the region was played by the implementation of the plan prepared by M. M. Speransky Charter on the management of foreigners 1822. In 1825, the Obdorsk Fair was founded, which reached its peak by the end. 19th century In 1825–29 and 1832–1841, Nenets performances took place under the leadership of Vauli Piettomina (Vavle Nenyanga). In 1832–33 and 1854 – beginning. 1920s The Obdorsk spiritual mission operated (established in 1828). In 1865–1918, the Obdorsk Ostyak and Obdorsk Samoyed foreigners acted to manage the local population. council. In the 19th century There was a massive migration of Komi-Zyryans to the lands of the Ob basin from the Urals. Founded in 1923 part of the region became part of Ural region, and southeast. districts - in Siberian region(1925–30), West Siberian Territory (1930–34) and Krasnoyarsk Territory (1934–44).

By decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of December 10, 1930, the Yamal (Nenets) national was formed. district with center in the village. Obdorskoe (Obdorsk; since 1933 a working village of Salekhard, since 1938 a city). Initially it was divided into 4 districts. Was part of the Ural region. (1930–34), Ob-Irtysh region. (1934), Omsk region. (1934–44), from 1944 Tyumen region. Since 1934, documents have used the name Yamalo-Nenets National. district, which was officially consolidated in 1940. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR dated August 10, 1944 in the Yamalo-Nenets National. The district was transferred to 4 village councils of the Turukhansky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. In the 1940s–50s. Salekhard was a support base for the distribution of prisoners under the jurisdiction of the Ob Directorate of Forced Labor Camps, Chapters 501 and 503. railway camp departments construction workers involved in the construction of the Transpolar Railway (Chum – Salekhard – Igarka; 501st construction). Railway traffic is open. lines Chum - Labytnangi (1955, permanent since 1958), Old Nadym - Pangody and Pangody - Yagelnaya (Novy Urengoy) (both 1970s), Surgut - Novy Urengoy (1985), Novy Urengoy - Yamburg (1989, working) . From the beginning 1960s The district is developing as the largest gas production region in the USSR (since 1991 in the Russian Federation), approx. 10 large deposits, including Tazovskoye (1962), Urengoyskoye (the largest in the world; 1966), Medvezhye (1967), etc., on the territory of Ya.-N. A. O. The largest gas pipelines begin, including Urengoy - Pomary - Uzhgorod (1983) and Yamal - Europe (2006). The development of the gas industry has fundamentally changed the face of Ya.-N. A. o., Nadym (1972), Labytnangi (1975), Novy Urengoy (1980), Noyabrsk (1982), Muravlenko (1990), Gubkinsky (1996), Tarko-Sale (2004) received the status of cities. According to the Constitution of the USSR 1977 (confirmed by the Constitution of the RSFSR 1978 and the Law of the RSFSR of November 20, 1980 “On Autonomous Okrugs”) the Yamalo-Nenets national. The district was renamed the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District.

10/18/1990 People's Council deputies Y.-N. A. O. The 21st convocation adopted the Declaration of State. sovereignty of the Yamalo-Nenets Republic as part of the RSFSR, but this transformation was not consolidated in Russia. legislation According to the Federal Treaty (1992) and the Constitution of the Russian Federation (1993), it became independent. a subject within the Russian Federation, territorially remaining part of the Tyumen region. On April 10, 1997, an agreement was concluded on the delimitation of the spheres of authority of the Tyumen region. with the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug and Ya.-N. A. O. Since 2000, part of the Ural Federal District.

Farm

Y.-N. A. O. is part of the West Siberian Economic. The district is a resource region of the Russian Federation. The share of the region in Russia GDP 2.7%. Industrial volume production is approximately 1000 times higher than the volume of agricultural production. products (2015). The district accounts for approx. 80% growth volume of natural gas production, approx. 75% gas condensate, St. 4% oil, approx. 1.5% of production is being built. non-metallic materials.

GRP structure by economic types. activities (%, 2014): mining 50.2, construction 14.8, wholesale and retail trade, misc. household services 10.5, transport and communications 8.7, real estate transactions, rental and services 6.4, production and distribution of electricity, gas and water 2.1, state. management and support of the military. security, compulsory social security 2.1, other types of activities 5.2. The ratio of enterprises by type of ownership (by number of organizations,%, 2015): private 79.7, municipal 8.6, public. and religious organizations (associations) 5.0, state. 3.9, other forms of ownership 2.8.

Economically active us. 316.0 thousand people, of whom approx. are employed in the economy. 95%. Structure of employment of the population by economic type. activities (%, 2015): construction 19.8, mining 19.1, transport and communications 13.6, real estate transactions 7.8, education 6.9, wholesale and retail trade, misc. household services 6.1, production and distribution of electricity, gas and water 5.8, healthcare and social services 4.5, manufacturing 3.8, etc. utilities, social and personal services 2.5, etc. types of activities 10.1. Unemployment rate 3.6%. Cash income per capita. 66.9 thousand rubles. per month (219.4% of the Russian average, 2nd place; 2015); 7.5% of us. has income below the subsistence level.

Industry

Industrial volume products 1696.4 billion rubles. (2015); of which 79.7% is accounted for by mining, 17.4% by manufacturing, 2.9% by production and distribution of electricity, gas and water. Industry structure of manufacturing industries (%): production of petroleum products, chemicals. industry 94.4, mechanical engineering 4.6, other industries 1.0.

Electricity production 7.1 billion kWh (2015). Large power plants: Urengoyskaya State District Power Plant (Novy Urengoy; installed capacity over 500 MW), Noyabrskaya combined cycle power plant (over 122 MW). There is no unified energy supply system; in a number of municipalities (including Salekhard) there are isolation systems. electric power systems; in small settlements - diesel power plants.

Y.-N. A. O. ranks first in the Russian Federation in the production of natural gas (507.7 billion m 3, 2015) and gas condensate (24.1 million tons); oil is also produced (20.7 million tons). St. 200 hydrocarbon deposits, of which approx. 1/3 is in the industrial area. development. Basic developed fields: Zapolyarnoye, Urengoyskoye (both gas condensate and oil), Bovanenkovskoye, Yamburgskoye, Yuzhno-Russkoye, Beregovoe, Yurkharovskoye (all oil and gas condensate), Yety-Purovskoye, Nakhodkinskoye (both oil and gas), Medvezhye (gas). Getting ready for the prom. development (mid 2017) of the South Tambey gas condensate and Kharasaveyskoye (Kharasoveyskoye) oil and gas condensate fields. Leading companies: subsidiaries of Gazprom (approx. 75% of gas production in the district, as well as approximately 50% of gas condensate), NOVATEK (approx. 40% of gas condensate), Rosneft, etc.

Processing of hydrocarbon raw materials (the main products are raw materials for the petrochemical and chemical industries, including a wide fraction of light hydrocarbons) is carried out at gas processing plants of the SiburTyumenGaz company: Gubkinsky (Gubkinsky), Vyngapurovsky and Muravlenkovsky (both in the Purovsky district), the Purovsky gas condensate processing plant of the NOVATEK company (Tarko-Sale). The Novy Urengoy plant of the Gazprom company operates to prepare gas condensate for transportation. A plant for the production of liquefied natural gas is under construction (mid 2017) (based on the South Tambeyskoye field; Yamal - LNG project), Novy Urengoy Gas Chemical Plant. complex.

Chromium ores are mined in small volumes (the Central deposit, developed by the Chelyabinsk Electrometallurgical Plant), in the village. mountains like Kharp of the Priuralsky district - it will enrich. factory. Basic specialization in mechanical engineering. enterprises - servicing the oil and gas complex. Valid approx. 100 mineral mining enterprises. construction raw materials (including divisions of the Gazprom company). In the food-flavoring industry, production of fish (Yamal Product company in Salekhard) and meat (Yamal Oleni enterprise, Yar-Sale village; semi-finished venison products) is distinguished.

Basic prom. centers: Novy Urengoy, Noyabrsk, Gubkinsky.

Foreign trade turnover is $1,389.0 million (2015), including exports of $669.0 million. Over 98% of the value of exports is fuel and energy products. complex. Imports are dominated by mechanical engineering products (over 95%).

Agriculture

The cost of agriculture products 1.6 billion rubles. (2015), livestock production accounts for St. 90%. S.-kh. the lands make up only 0.3% of the territory of Ya.-N. A. O. Potatoes and vegetables are grown (Table 1). Basic The specialization of livestock farming is reindeer husbandry (over 600 thousand heads - about half of the growing number of reindeer; 2015); cattle, pigs, sheep and goats are also bred in small quantities (Tables 2, 3). Cellular fur farming. Fur trade. Fishing (the main commercial species are nelma, muksun, broad whitefish, peled, etc.). Almost the entire land area (over 99%) is agricultural land. organizations. OK. 90% milk, st. 45% of livestock and poultry for slaughter, approx. 40% vegetables, approx. 30% of potatoes are produced in agriculture. organizations; OK. 70% potatoes, approx. 60% vegetables, St. 50% of livestock and poultry for slaughter, approx. 10% of milk is in household farms (2015). There are slaughter complexes for processing venison (in the settlements of Seyakha, Antipayuta, Nyda, as well as in the Yamal and Priuralsky regions), approx. 20 fishing enterprises (including “Gydaagro”, “Tazagrorybprom”, Novoportovsky and Salemalsky fish factories, “Aksarkovsky fishing enterprise”), as well as “Verkhne-Purovsky State Farm” (Purovsky district; sable breeding; reindeer husbandry; fur production -fur products, including souvenirs), “Sovkhoz Baydaratsky” (Priuralsky district; breeding arctic foxes, foxes; reindeer husbandry; production of dairy products, etc.), the company “Nyda-resource” (Nadym; processing of meat, wild berries and mushrooms). Construction of greenhouse complexes is underway in Salekhard and Gubkinsky (mid 2017).

Table 1. Main types of crop production, thousand tons

Table 2. Livestock, thousand heads

	1990	1995	2000	2005	2010	2015
Cattle	6,8	4,1	2,1	1,1	1,0	1,0
Pigs	12,5	12,3	8,8	1,6	2,2	1,1
Sheep and goats	0,3	0,4	0,1	0,1	0,1	0,1

Table 3. Main types of livestock products

Services sector

In addition to trade, real estate transactions, government. management and support of the military. security, financial and other services, the development of tourism (cultural, educational, ethnographic, event, extreme, sports, environmental) is important. Y.-N. A. O. has a high tourist and recreational population. potential: a number of indigenous minorities live here. peoples of the North who have preserved traditions. types of farms. activities (the main formation in the Yamal and Priuralsky regions, near Salekhard - the natural-ethnographic complex “Yamal patrimony of Prince Taishin”), national holidays (including Reindeer Herder Day); developed tourism routes (including “In the footsteps of mammoths” in the Yamal region; rafting along the mountain rivers of the Polar Urals, climbing the mountain peaks of the Kharpsko-Raiz zone in the Priuralsky region), on the territory of the district there are a number of specially protected natural areas, including those of federal significance.

Transport

The length of public railways is 481 km (2015). Railway sections pass through the territory of the district. lines Chum - Labytnangi, Tyumen - Novy Urengoy (both carry passenger traffic), lines Novy Urengoy - Yamburg, Novy Urengoy - Nadym-Pristan, Obskaya - Bovanenkovo - Karskaya (all are focused on cargo transportation). The length of paved roads is approx. 2.2 thousand km (2015); length of winter roads approx. 1.4 thousand km. Road transport is used by ch. arr. for freight and passenger transportation over short distances. River navigation (navigation approx. 9 weeks per year) mainly along the rivers Ob, Nadym, Pur and Taz; basic river ports: Salekhard, Nadym, Urengoy, there are a number of marinas. Basic mor. ports (navigation 3–4 months a year): Yamburg, Tambey, Cape Kamenny, Novy Port. Pestilence is in effect. Arctic Gate loading terminal (oil export from the Novoportovoye field). As part of the Yamal LNG project, the construction of the infrastructure of the Sabetta port is being completed (mid 2017). Air transport is the main type of communication within the district. Airports in Nadym, Novy Urengoy, Noyabrsk, Salekhard, village. Sabetta (since 2015; international), as well as in regional centers. A number of pipelines pass through the territory of the district, including the Bovanenkovo – Ukhta – Torzhok gas pipeline; oil pipeline Zapolyarye – Purpe; product pipeline Purovsky gas condensate processing plant - Tobolsk-Neftekhim.

Healthcare

In Ya.-N. A. O. per 10 thousand inhabitants accounts for: doctors 41.9, persons avg. honey. personnel 119.4; hospital beds 84.4 (2014). General morbidity per 1 thousand inhabitants. is 2096.8 cases (2014). Diseases of the respiratory, digestive and genitourinary systems predominate. The incidence of tuberculosis was 50.2 cases per 100 thousand inhabitants. (2014). Basic causes of death: diseases of the circulatory system, neoplasms, accidents, injuries, poisoning.

Education. Scientific and cultural institutions

Educational institutions are managed by the Department of Education. Basic regulatory document – Law on Education (2013, edition 2016). The education system includes preschool education, primary, secondary, vocational and technical. and higher education. Operating (2016, Yamalstat data): 194 preschool institutions (over 46 thousand pupils), 130 general education institutions. educational institutions (approx. 69.7 thousand students). A feature of the education system of Ya.-N. A. O. is the presence of a large number of boarding schools in rural areas [in 2016 – 24 (over 9 thousand students)]. There are 8 professional and technical organizations. education (over 5 thousand students), 12 branches of universities (about 2.6 thousand students). Ch. scientific institutions, universities, libraries and museums are located in Nadym, Novy Urengoy, Noyabrsk, Salekhard.

Mass media

Leading periodicals publications: newspapers (Salekhard) “Red North” (published since 1931, in Russian; 2 times a week, circulation 8.5 thousand copies), “Nyaryana Ngerm” (since 1931, independent since 1991). publication, in Nenets, weekly, 1.5 thousand copies). Broadcasting of television and radio programs is carried out by the State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company "Yamal", the regional state. television and radio broadcasting company "Yamal-Region" (1998). Information agency – Sever-press.

Architecture and fine arts

The most ancient monuments of art in Ya.-N. A. O. – ornamented ceramics (from the Neolithic), ceramics were found at the Early Bronze Age settlement of Vary-Khadyta II. vessels with zoomorphic moldings. On a number of archaeological sites. monuments in permafrost conditions, products and structures made from organic materials have been preserved. materials. During excavations of a settlement at the confluence of the river. Poluy in Ob (territory of Salekhard) Ust-Polui culture s a unique collection of wooden, birch bark, bone, antler, bronze and other products was obtained, decorated with rich ornaments, including sculptural, carved, engraved images of people, animals, birds (late 1st millennium BC . – beginning of the 1st millennium AD; stored in Kunstkamera, Yamalo-Nenets District Museum and Exhibition Complex), the remains of trees were studied. buildings The collection from excavations of the early medieval complex of Zeleny Yar includes the remains of fur clothing (from hats to shoes), a leather belt with rich metallic. headset, anthropo- and zoomorphic plastic arts, decorations, including imported ones with niello, grain, gilding, imported metal. and local ceramics. dishes, including those with ornaments, etc. The art and architecture of the local population of the developed Middle Ages and the New Age are presented mainly. finds in the “towns”, including Poluysky, Voykarsky, Nadymsky (see in the article Nadym). Round and rectangular earthen dwellings were built with tented trees. roofs, with pillars around the center. hearth (sites near Salekhard and at Cape Tiutey-Sale on the Yamal Peninsula, beginning of the 2nd millennium).

From the end 16th century Russian construction was underway. forts (Obdorsky, 1595 or 1596, now Salekhard; Mangazeya, 1607; all not preserved) with log trees. houses and fortifications, rebuilt in the 17th century. (Obdorsky fort also in 1730–31). From the end 16th century trees were erected. churches (Trinity Cathedral in Mangazeya, 17th century, not preserved). From the 18th century Brick buildings were also built. One of the oldest surviving structures is the c. Apostles Peter and Paul in Russian-Byzantine style in Salekhard (1886–94, German architect G. Zinke).

Since the 1930s The city of Salekhard (general plan 1950) and the villages of Yar-Sale, Muzhi, Nyda, Krasnoselkup, Tazovsky, Tarko-Sale (since 2004 - a city), Urengoy were improved. Since the 1970s new cities with multi-storey buildings were built: Nadym (1972), Labytnangi (1975), Novy Urengoy (1980), Noyabrsk (1982), Muravlenko (1990), Gubkinsky (1996).

In the 1990s–2010s. new churches were erected: c. St. Nicholas in Nadym (1992–98), c. Archangel Michael in Noyabrsk (1997–2005), c. St. Nicholas in Tarko-Sale (2003–05), Epiphany Cathedral in Novy Urengoy (2007–15), c. Nativity of Christ in the village. Pangody (2009–11), Transfiguration Cathedral in Salekhard (2012–17). Among the trees churches: Nativity of Christ in the village. Khanymei (2004), in honor of the icon of the Mother of God “Inexhaustible Chalice” in the village. Purpe (2005–07), St. Nicholas on the island White (2013). In 1994–2006, the “Obdorsky Fortress” museum was built in Salekhard (a copy of a 17th century fort; with a center in honor of the icon of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow”, 2006–07). The government building of Y.-N. was also built. A. O. in Salekhard (2009), new bridges.

From the beginning 20th century worked as a Nenets artist, writer and researcher T. Vylka (student of V.V. Perepletchikov and A.E. Arkhipov). Since the 1950s–60s. artist and woodcarver G. A. Puiko, master of applied art V. A. Sablina worked. In the 1970s–90s. artists V. M. Samburov, L. A. Lar, M. V. Kanev, R. K. Bekshenev, masters of decorative and applied arts G. E. Hartaganov, A. M. Kudelin, L. K. Agicheva came forward , A. M. Syazi, N. M. Taligina, I. L. Khudi, V. F. Yadne.

In Nar. The creativity of the Nenets and Selkups includes carving on bone, wood and horn, fur appliqué, and the manufacture of products from birch bark (with patterns in the form of zigzags, “deer antlers” and “pike teeth”). Women's clothing is decorated with a rhythmic geometric stripe. pattern sewn from pieces of deer fur. The bone forehead foreheads of deer are covered with an engraved “eye-shaped” ornament. Among the Selkups, outline images of people, animals and birds are found on the leather clothes of shamans. Made of metal jewelry (earrings, rings, pendants, etc.).

Music

The basis of music. cultures - traditions of Russians, Ukrainians, Nenets, Tatars, Khanty, Bashkirs, Belarusians, Komi, Selkups and other peoples. Since 1932, cultural and educational work among the local population has been carried out by the Yamal district “House of the Nenets” (founded in 1925 under the name “House of the National Men”, since 1930 “House of the Native”) in Obdorsk (since 1933 Salekhard). In 1947, under him, the national ones were formed. music groups, including Komi choir. In 1949, the “House of the Nenets” was renamed the District House of Culture of the Peoples of the North, and in 1987 – the District Center of the National. cultures (since 1986 in a modern building with two concert halls); reorganized in 1992, it became the largest cultural center of the district (promotes the preservation of national musical folklore, holds various festivals, performances, concerts, etc.). Since 1990, Prof. has been working at its base. national ensemble songs “Soyotei Yamal” (founded in 1969 at the Salekhard Pedagogical School as a national song and dance ensemble; since 1987 in folk status, since 2014 gubernatorial); His repertoire includes songs of the Nenets, Komi, Selkups, and Khanty in authentic and adapted versions. There is also a government agency operating in Salekhard. Cultural and business center with a concert hall (founded in 2006, opened in 2008), in Noyabrsk - a branch of the Tyumen State. Philharmonic.

STATE AND USE OF THE MINERAL RESOURCE BASE OF YNAO

General information

Yamalo-Nenets autonomous region is part of the Ural Federal District(Ural Federal District) Russian Federation(RF)

Territory: 750 thousand sq. km

Population: 507 thousand people. , administrative center– Salekhard (34.4 thousand people)

Layout of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Head of Administration

Neyolov

Yuri Vasilievich

Head of the Administration of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Tel: (8-345-, 4-00-66,

Yamalo-Nenetsky a. O.,

Chairman of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Duma -

; E-mail gdyanao@salekhard

Head of the territorial department for subsoil use in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug –

Condition and use of the mineral resource base

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug located in the northern part of the West Siberian young platform; The extreme west of the district is occupied by folded structures of the Polar Urals.

The subsoil of the district is rich in hydrocarbon deposits; in the Urals there are deposits of metallic minerals (chromites, iron, polymetals, etc.).

The main deposits that form the mineral resource base of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Field name

Associated minerals

Object Rank

Development

Urengoyskoe

condensate

Worked out

Zapolyarnoye

Worked out

Bovanenkovskoe

Intelligence service

Kharasaveyskoe

Intelligence service

South Tambeyskoye

Conservation

Yamburgskoye

Worked out

Conservation

Novoportovskoe

Gas, condensate

Worked out

Komsomolskoe

Worked out

Severo-Komsomolskoe

Worked out

Central

Worked out

Note. MK - large deposit

Main mining enterprises and their provision with balance reserves

Company

Mineral resource

Reserves in terms of mineral resources

Average annual production volume

Production 2004

Availability of reserves

Sibneft-Noyabrskneftegaz

Oil Gas

Rosneft-Purneftegaz

Oil Gas

Niobium, tantalum, rare earth metals. The bulk of resources and reserves rare metals concentrated in the Taikeu ore cluster. There are three previously explored deposits and several promising ore occurrences. The Taikeuskoye field is the largest in scale. The total ore potential for niobium is 63.5 thousand tons, for tantalum 8 thousand tons, for rare earths 65.1 thousand tons.

Noble metals

Gold. The territory of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is promising for identifying deposits of primary and complex gold ores. The reserves of the Novogodnee-Monto complex deposit amount to 7.2 tons of gold and 5 million tons of magnetite ore. Inferred resources are estimated at 95 tons (P1 – 25 tons and P2 – 70 tons). The approved forecast resources are P3 – 5 tons, P2 – 2 tons, P1 – 1 t.

Non-metallic fossils

Mining chemical raw materials and mineral fertilizers. Phosphorites and barites in the Polar Urals are of industrial interest. The reserves of the Sofronovskoye deposit amount to 12.6 million tons, including 615 thousand tons in category C1. In general, the resource potential is estimated at 400 million tons for three phosphate-bearing zones. The P2O5 content reaches 42%. The discovery of 6-10 fields similar to Sofronovsky is expected. Barites are part of the ores of the Saurey and Nizhnetalotinsky barite-polymetallic deposits, and also form a number of barite objects proper, of which, at the current stage of exploration, the group of adjacent deposits of the Sob barite structure - Voishorskoye, Sobskoye, Pour-Keu - is of greatest interest. The most promising of them is the Voishorskoye field, with reserves of 72 thousand tons in category C1 and 108 thousand tons in category C2.

Opal-cristobalite rocks (opoka, diatomite, diatomaceous clay) are widely developed on the left bank of the Ob River, as well as on the interfluve of Nadym and Pura. Their resources are practically unlimited.

Gemstone raw materials. The Polar Urals has unique deposits of semi-precious raw materials. The Pusierka jadeite deposit, with predicted resources of tons, is the largest in the country. Among other types of colored stones, jewelry and ornamental stones (rhodonites, jaspers, agates) and ornamental ones (gondites, listvenites, “enzorites”) are developed.

The geological preconditions for the development of the mining complex in the Polar Urals are favorable. To solve this problem, it is necessary to pay special attention to the development of the raw material base of strategic scarce minerals (chrome, manganese, gold, phosphorites) to speed up preparation for licensing.

Hydrocarbon raw materials. For almost twenty years, the district has been the main gas producing region of Russia, providing more than 90% of Russian gas production. The district's territory, which makes up 0.5% of the Earth's land area, contains more than a third of proven natural gas reserves; every fourth cubic meter of gas produced in the world is produced in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. Explored and preliminary estimated (total) gas reserves amount to 37.1 trillion. cube m, promising gas resources C3 – 12.4 trillion. cube m, forecast D1+D2 – 72.9 trillion. cube m. The largest deposits with reserves of more than 1 trillion. cube m are Urengoyskoye, Zapolyarnoye, Bovanenkovskoye, Kharasaveyskoye, South Tambeyskoye, Yamburgskoye.

In terms of oil reserves, the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug ranks second in the Russian Federation; condensate reserves account for 59% of the total Russian total. In terms of promising oil resources (C3), the district ranks first in the Russian Federation (44.3%).

In total, there are 228 hydrocarbon deposits in the district, including 73 oil, 29 gas, 14 oil and gas, 71 oil and gas condensate, 34 gas condensate. The distributed subsoil fund includes 208 licensed areas.

Distribution of initial total resources by oil and gas complexes (OGC) in%: oil – Aptian-Albian-Cenomanian – 12.8, Neocomian – 32.9, Achimov – 12.8, Upper Jurassic (Vasyugan) – 10.3, Middle Jurassic – 21, Lower Jurassic – 10.2; gas - Turonian-Senonian - 0.2, Aptian-Albian-Cenomanian - 40.1, Neocomian - 29.3, Achimovsky - 6.1, Upper Jurassic (Vasyugan) - 0.5, Middle Jurassic - 13.4, Lower Jurassic - 8 .9, pre-Jurassic – 1.3; condensate - Aptian-Albian-Cenomanian - 9.0, Neocomian - 36.1, Achimovsky - 19.1, Upper Jurassic (Vasyugan) - 0.8, Middle Jurassic - 22.3, Lower Jurassic - 12.4, Pre-Jurassic - 0.2 .

The main gas production is carried out from the Aptian-Albian-Cenomanian deposits (more than 90%), of which about 5% are produced from the Neocomian deposits. The contribution of other oil and gas companies to gas production is insignificant. Condensate is extracted mainly from Neocomian deposits. Oil production is carried out from Neocomian, Achimov, Upper and Middle Jurassic deposits. In 6 deposits have been discovered. Four of them are gas - Yuzhno-Noyabrskoye, Kutymskoye, Severo-Khancheyskoye, Zapadno-Pestsovoye, one each is oil - Vorchenskoye and gas condensate - Yuzhno-Karasevskoye.

Solid minerals. The mineral resource base of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is also unique due to the variety of minerals in the eastern part of the Polar Urals, which is promising for industrial development. The development of resources is just beginning here. This territory can be considered today as a reserve raw material base for supplying raw materials to the industry of Russia and the Ural industrial region.

Metal fossils. Black metals. Iron. The Yunyaginskoye field with reserves of thousands is listed on the State Balance Sheet. tons. Resources in category P1 are 220, P2 – 1730, P3 – 3070 million tons. The Sibileiskoye, Obskoye, Rudnogorskoye and Yuzhnoe ore fields are of greatest interest for exploration. Deposits and occurrences are characterized by easy-to-process ores with an iron content of 22-64%. Copper and gold are present in some manifestations.

Chromium. The state balance takes into account two medium-sized chromite deposits: Central and Western with reserves of C1+C2 categories of 4.5 and 1.6 million tons, and small deposit No. 000 with reserves of 146 thousand tons. Chromium ore resources amount to 278.1 million. t Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug takes first place (55% of all-Russian results). Chromium ores (average Cr2O3 content - 34.7%) are high-chromium, easy to enrich, and belong to valuable metallurgical grades. Since 2003 Industrial development of the Central deposit is underway. The resource base of the Polar Urals for chromites in the near future will make it possible to fully provide the country's ferroalloy industry with domestic raw materials.

Manganese. Resources of category P3 manganese ores for manganese zones are: Nyarma-Lyadgeiskaya - 10, Nunderminskaya - 5, Orangsko-Talotinskaya - 50 and Sobsko-Palnikskaya - 25 million tons, in addition, P2 resources of the latter are 20 million tons. Total resources of category P1 +P2 amount to 110 million tons. Case studies recent years allow us to predict the discovery of industrial deposits of manganese ores with an average MnO content of 25-27%.

Non-ferrous and rare metals.

Molybdenum. 7 deposits have been preliminarily assessed. The most promising include Kharbeiskoe (Reserves C1+C2 - 2 thousand tons, resources P1+P2+P3 - 15 thousand tons) and Lekyntalbeiskoe, respectively 4.2 and 13.8 thousand tons.

Copper, lead, zinc. The most promising for identifying industrial copper ore sites is the Shchuchinsky pyrite region. According to preliminary estimates, its resources amount to 20-27.5 million tons of copper and 15 million tons of zinc ore. Shared Resources lead of the Saurey-Paipudyn metallogenic zone – 1637 thousand tons; in the Talotinsky ore cluster they are estimated at 663 thousand tons, zinc 2244, copper 200 thousand tons. The Saurey lead deposit has reserves of categories C1 - 2898 thousand tons, C2 - 2578 thousand tons.

Aluminum. For four ore districts - Karsky, Laborovsky, Sibileisky and East Voykarsky, bauxite resources are tentatively estimated at 977 million tons. The Laborovsky ore district is the most studied with preliminary estimated reserves in category C2 - 840 thousand tons and P1 resources - 7 million tons .

The main enterprises providing geological study and

reproduction of SMEs in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Name

enterprises

Supervisor

Telephone, Fax, E-m

Main activity profile

Sibneft-Noyabrskneftegaz

Rosneft-Purneftegaz

Prospects for expanding the mineral resource base"

The geological preconditions for the development of the mining complex in the Polar Urals are favorable. To solve this problem, it is necessary to pay special attention to the development of the raw material base of strategic scarce minerals (chrome, manganese, gold, molybdenum, phosphorites) to speed up preparation for licensing.

Prospects for expanding the resource base of hydrocarbon raw materials are associated with the Gydan oil and gas region, the eastern regions of the Pur-Taz oil and gas region and the western regions of the district (Frolovskaya oil and gas region), where geological and geophysical knowledge is significantly lower than in the central regions, and the geological prerequisites for the discovery of hydrocarbon deposits are quite high.

The main problems in reproduction and

use of SMEs and ways to solve them

The main problems of reproduction of SMEs in terms of hydrocarbon raw materials are the following:

A drop in production at the developing gas fields - Yamburgskoye, Urengoyskoye and Medvezhye, which provide more than 65% of production in Russia;

Low rates of development of explored deposits, delays in the development of production capacities at large explored deposits (Bovanenkovskoye, Kharasaveyskoye, etc.) due to the lack of necessary investments and long payback periods;

Failure of subsoil users to fulfill the terms established by licensing agreements for the development of fields, reluctance of subsoil users to carry out the necessary volumes of geological exploration work for additional exploration of fields put into development, which, as a rule, have a more complex geological structure;

The progressive depletion of the active part of the SME hydrocarbons, due to a significant lag in the growth of proven reserves from the volume of their production due to a significant reduction in funding;

Depletion of the exploration reserves of previous years;

Violation of the balanced relationship between the level of production, the provision of reserves of certain categories and forecast resources;

A significant predominance of the share of explored reserves over the share of estimated reserves and predicted resources, the volumes of which have decreased to an unacceptable level.

Samara State Economic University

Department of Ecology

COURSE WORK

"Geoecological problems of the TPK (On the example of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug"

Completed by: 4th year student

Specialties: Ecology

Full name: Enukova A.A.

Scientific supervisor: Novichkova E.A.

SAMARA 2013

Introduction 3

General information about Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug 5

Minerals of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug 10

General characteristics of deposits 13

Conclusion 27

References 29

Introduction

The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is the central part of Russia's Arctic façade. The territory of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is located in the Arctic zone in the north of the world's largest West Siberian Plain and occupies a vast area of more than 750 thousand square kilometers.

More than half of it is located beyond the Polar District, covering the lower reaches of the Ob with its tributaries, the basins of the Nadym, Pura and Taza rivers, the Yamal, Tazovsky, Gydansky peninsulas, a group of islands in the Kara Sea (Bely, Shokalsky, Neupokoeva, Oleniy, etc.), as well as the eastern slopes of the Polar Urals. The extreme northern point of the Yamal mainland is located at 73 northern latitude, which fully justifies the Nenets name of the peninsula - Land's End.

The northern border of the district, washed by the waters of the Kara Sea, has a length of 5,100 kilometers and is part of the State border of the Russian Federation (about 900 kilometers). In the west along the Ural ridge, the Yamalo-Nenets Okrug borders on the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Komi Republic, in the south - on the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, in the east - on the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

The district's relief is represented by two parts: mountainous and flat. Almost 90% of the flat part lies within altitudes of up to 100 meters above sea level; hence there are many lakes and swamps. The left bank of the Ob has elevated and rugged terrain. The right bank mainland part is a slightly hilly plateau with a slight slope to the north. The most elevated areas of the lowland are located in the south of the district within the Siberian ridges.

The mountainous part of the district occupies a narrow strip along the Polar Urals and consists of large mountain ranges with a total length of over 200 kilometers. The average height of the southern massifs is 600-800 meters, and the width is 20-30. Most high peaks are the Kolokolnya mountains - 1305 meters, Pai-Er - 1499 meters.

To the north, the height of the mountains reaches 1000-1300 meters. The main watershed ridge of the Polar Urals is winding, its absolute heights reach 1200-1300 meters and higher.

The purpose of this work is to study subsoil mining in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

To achieve the goal, it is necessary to study the mineral resources of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and give a general description of the deposits.

General information about the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Nenets (Nenets Neney Neneche, Khasovo, Neshchang; obsolete - Samoyeds, Yuraks) are a Samoyed people inhabiting the Eurasian coast of the Arctic Ocean from the Kola Peninsula to Taimyr.

At the beginning of the 1st millennium they migrated from the territories of southern Siberia to their modern habitat.

The modern name of the autonomous region of Russia, as the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, mentions the Nenets as the titular people inhabiting the district.

The basis for the creation of the Russian state region can be considered the moment of the creation of the Obdorsk fortress or fortress, which was founded in 1595 by Russian Cossacks. Obdorsky fort - now the city of Salekhard (from the Nen. Sale-Kharn "city on the cape") became the northernmost Russian settlement in Siberia at that time.

Subsequently, the lands of the region were part of the huge Siberian province - one of the first eight provinces in Russia formed in 1708 by Tsar Peter I, as part of the Kingdom of Siberia (with its capital in the city of Tobolsk) during the reign of Catherine II.

In 1921-1922, the territory of the current Yamalo-Nenets Okrug was engulfed in the West Siberian Uprising, including the city of Obdorsk.

The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug was formed (initially as a national one) as part of the Ural region on December 10, 1930.

Later it was part of the Ob-Irtysh and Omsk regions, and from August 14, 1944, the district was included in the Tyumen region.

Since 1977, the Yamalo-Nenets Okrug has had autonomous status. On October 18, 1991, the Yamalo-Nenets District adopted a declaration of sovereignty.

Since 1992, after the signing of the Federal Treaty, the Yamalo-Nenets Okrug became a full-fledged subject of the Russian Federation.

Demography

The population of the district according to Rosstat is 542,190 1 people. (2013). Population density - 0.7 people/km 2 (2013). Urban population - 83.9 1% (2013).

The demographic situation in the district is characterized by stable natural population growth. In 2010, 8,309 people were born (fertility rate 15.1), 2,885 people died (death rate 5.3), which exceeded the previous year. In 2009, 8,216 people were born (fertility rate 15.1), and 2,924 people died (death rate 5.4).

According to the 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989, 2002 and 2010 censuses, the ethnic composition of the district's population was as follows:


	27 789 (44,58 %)	37 518 (46,91 %)	93 750 (59,02 %)	292 808 (59,17 %)	298 359 (58,9 %)	312 019 (61,7 %)
Ukrainians				85 022 (17,18 %)	66 080 (13,03 %)
	13 977 (22,42 %)	17 538 (21,93 %)	17 404 (10,96 %)


Azerbaijanis

Belarusians

Moldovans



Selkups
Other nationalities
Persons who did not indicate nationality

Indigenous peoples of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Currently, about 20 peoples live on the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Most of them settled in Yamal after the second half of the 20th century, which is associated with the development of the northern lands by the Soviet Union. Only a few peoples have lived in the far north since time immemorial; the territory of the Yamal Peninsula and the Lower Ob region is the historical homeland for the Khanty, Nenets, Komi-Izhemtsy, and Selkup.

The culture of the people, language and spiritual world are not homogeneous. This is explained by the fact that the Khanty settled quite widely and in different climatic conditions different cultures were formed. The southern Khanty were mainly engaged in fishing, but they were also known for farming and cattle breeding...

The Nenets inhabit a vast territory of the northern lands of the Russian Federation from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the Taimyr Peninsula. These are the people of the Samoyed group, who migrated to the northern lands from southern Siberia in the first millennium AD...

It is known that the Komi people have lived in the northern lands since the 1st millennium BC. The name Komi comes from the self-name of the people - Komi Voityr, which translated means Komi people. Northern Komi were reindeer herders, hunters and fishermen, southern Komi were engaged in hunting and fishing...

Selkups

The Selkups are the smallest people in the north of Russia. The traditional occupations of the Selkups are fishing and hunting. The northern Selkups were engaged in reindeer herding, the southern ones knew how to make ceramics, process metals, weave canvas, grow grain and tobacco...

Economy

The basis of the economy of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is oil and gas production.

The main gas producer is OJSC Gazprom, which accounts for approximately 90% of all gas production in the district. More than 30 enterprises produce oil and gas condensate; the main oil producing enterprises in the district are subsidiaries of Gazprom Neft OJSC (Gazpromneft-Noyabrskneftegaz OJSC and Muravlenkovskneft Branch) and NK Rosneft OJSC.

In 2009, 431,945 million m? natural gas, 24,761 thousand tons of oil, 8824 thousand tons of gas condensate 2.

Minerals of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The region's water resources are rich and diverse. They include: the coast of the Kara Sea, numerous bays and lips, rivers, lakes, swamps and groundwater. The Gulf of Ob, a bay of the Kara Sea, is one of the largest sea bays in the Russian Arctic, its area is 44,000 km². There are about 300 thousand lakes and 48 thousand rivers in the district, the largest of which are the Ob at its mouth, as well as the Nadym, Taz (river) and Pur rivers. The Ob River, one of the longest in Russia, flows within the district in two powerful branches. The presence of lakes, most of which are of glacial origin, is one of the characteristic features of the landscape of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Groundwater is characterized by a huge artesian basin with an area of 3 million km2, including thermal water reserves.

The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is known for its mineral resources, primarily hydrocarbons. Huge hydrocarbon reserves allow us to call the district the world's largest oil and gas resource base.

The district contains approximately 78% of Russian gas reserves and 18% of oil reserves, concentrated in 232 known hydrocarbon deposits. In the district, work is underway at the Urengoy gas field, Nakhodkinskoye gas field, Yuzhno-Russkoye oil and gas field, Ety-Purovskoye oil field, Yamburg oil and gas condensate field. Every year, about 80% of all gas produced in Russia and approximately 8% of oil produced in Russia are produced in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

Reserves of chromium, iron, tin, lead, noble and non-ferrous metals, and other minerals are mainly concentrated in the western part of the district, in the mountains of the Polar Urals.

Reserves of solid mineral deposits of the Polar Urals Autonomous Okrug

Minerals	Field	Reserves, thousand tons
	Yun - Yaginskoe
	New Year's - Monto
	Central
	Western

	Saureyskoe
	Taikeu group


Oxides TR

Ore gold	New Year's - Monto
Ore gold	Petropavlovskoe
	Petropavlovskoe
Molybdenum	Kharbeyskoe
Phosphorites (ore / P 2 O 5 - 17%)	Sofronovskoe
Barites (ore / BaSO 4 – 47.06%)	Voishorskoe
	Central
Limestones for the cement industry	New Year's -2
Clays for the cement industry

The region occupies one of the leading places in Russia in terms of hydrocarbon reserves, especially natural gas and oil. The following deposits are located on the territory of the district: 2

1. Urengoy gas field

2. Yuzhno-Russkoye oil and gas field

3. Nakhodkinskoye gas field

4. Yamburg oil and gas condensate field

5. Yety-Purovskoye oil field

6. Medvezhye gas field

7. Bovanenkovskoye gas field

8. Zapolyarnoe oil and gas condensate field

9. Tazovskoye oil and gas condensate field

About 600 thousand heads of domestic reindeer are grazed on 50 million hectares of tundra. Nature has hidden here 70 percent of the world's whitefish stocks (muksun, pink salmon, nelma). 4

General characteristics of deposits

The Yamburg oil and gas condensate field (YANGCF) is a field of gas, gas condensate and oil. Opened in 1969. It is located in the Arctic part of the West Siberian Plain, on the Tazovsky Peninsula in the subarctic zone. The landscape is a slightly hilly tundra plain with a dense network of rivers, streams, lakes, and swamps. The thickness of the permafrost reaches 400 meters. The coldest month is January with an average temperature of minus 25 degrees Celsius. Often the temperature drops to 55 and below. A minus temperature of 63 degrees was recorded (January 2006). Industrial gas content has been established in Cenomanian and Neocomian deposits. The dimensions of the YANGCF are 170 by 50 kilometers. According to VNIizarubezhgeology, the Yamburg field ranks third in the world in terms of initial recoverable gas reserves.

According to the administrative-territorial division, the northern territory of the field is located in Tazovsky, and the southern - in the Nadymsky district of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Development of the field began in 1980 (see Yamburg). The development license belongs to Gazprom Dobycha Yamburg LLC, a 100% subsidiary of Gazprom OJSC.

Geologists prepared the discovery of the Yamburgskoye and other deposits at the very “peak” of the Great Patriotic War. In 1943, the first groups of them pitched tents in the area of the Taz, Pur, and Messo rivers.

In 1959, oil and gas exploration work in the Tazovsky region resumed. In 1961, geological prospectors landed on the site of the current village of Gaz-Sale and began drilling well No. 1. The excavation was led by the team of master N.I. Ryndin. On September 27, 1962, the gas “hit”. A year later, the Taz oil exploration expedition was formed with a base in Novaya Mangazeya. V. T. Podshibyakin was appointed head of the expedition, and G. P. Bystrov was appointed chief geologist. On November 30, 1963, gas was produced at the second well. The drilling was carried out by the team of master N.I. Ryndin. This is how the Tazovskoye field was discovered. On October 18, 1965, the expedition discovered the Zapolyarnoye oil and gas condensate field. The years 60-70 were marked for the expedition by a whole series of major discoveries, the largest of which were Urengoy and Yamburg.

In the 1965-1966 season, the Upper Cretaceous deposits of the Yamburg area were prepared for exploration drilling.

In 1968, a landing party of geophysicists under the leadership of Leonid Kabaev, a future Lenin Prize laureate, landed on this site. Next came the miners of the Taz oil exploration expedition. The reserves were supposed to be huge.

In his memoirs, geologist F.K. Salmanov tells how the Yamburg field was found: “At the end of April 1969, it was decided to deliver the drilling rig from Tazovskaya to the Yamburg area. The delivery of equipment and materials continued throughout May. In July, Anatoly Grebenkin’s team completed the installation and immediately the team of drilling master V.V. Romanov began counting the first meters of the Yamburg well. On August 13, we reached the design depth and during testing the well produced a powerful gas fountain. Inspired by success, Romanov set out to delineate it along the wings of the deposit to the east. And several more wells fell into the circuit.”

In 1972, the team of drilling master V.V. Polupanov completed drilling a deep well in the Yamburg area. The test was entrusted to a specially formed team, headed by master Alexey Myltsev.

In the 19th century, the expedition of the scientist Yu. M. Kushelevsky arrived on these lands to establish the boundaries of the medieval settlement - “gold-boiling” Mangazeya, which existed on the Taz River in the 17th century. The expedition arrived in the Far North of the empire on a schooner called “Taz”. The leader of the campaign was from Yamburg. This was the former name of the city of Kingisepp, located near St. Petersburg.

During the voyage, the scientist compiled a map of the Tazovsky Peninsula. It is assumed that the name of Cape Humbor, (“cloudberry hummocks”) reminded him of the name of his hometown. Thus, one of the triangular areas of land penetrating into the Tazovskaya Bay received the name Yamburg. In Soviet times, the Yamburg trading post appeared on the cape.

At the site of the current rotation camp Yamburg, the researcher left a white spot. "Terra incognita" is an unknown land. It is assumed that the Yamburg area, and later the Yamburg field, was named in honor of the trading post.

There is another toponymic version, according to which the territory on which the deposit is located was originally called Yampur - Gray Swamp. Then it was renamed Yamburg.

During the period of operation of the Yamburg oil and gas condensate field, the Gazprom Dobycha Yamburg enterprise - a 100% subsidiary of OJSC Gazprom - produced more than 3 trillion cubic meters of gas and about 18 million tons of gas condensate. Gas is prepared for transportation at 9 integrated gas treatment units (CGTUs) (1-7, 9 and 1B) and 5 preliminary gas treatment units (GPGs) (PPG GP-1 (former UPPG-8), 4A, 10, 2B , 3B).

The short-term prospect of the field is the development of its peripheral areas. Production at the Aneryakhinskaya area began in 2004; in January 2005, the Aneryakhinskaya area was brought to its design capacity (10 billion cubic meters per year).

At the beginning of December 2006, the first commercial gas was supplied to the main gas pipeline from the integrated gas treatment unit (UKPG-9) at the Kharvutinskaya area of the YANGKM field. In 2007, a gas preliminary treatment unit (GPPG-10) was put into operation, due to this, by 2008 it is planned to achieve annual production of 25 billion m3 at the Kharvutinsky complex. gas

In the future, Yamburg's infrastructure will be used to prepare gas from nearby fields.

Total geological reserves are estimated at 8.2 trillion m? natural gas. Residual geological reserves amount to 5.2 trillion m? natural gas and 42.31% of the total geological reserves of the Yamburg field.

The Urengoyskoye natural gas field is a large gas field, the world's second largest reservoir reserves, which exceed 10 trillion cubic meters (10?? m?). Located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Tyumen region Russia, just south of the Arctic Circle. The name is given by the name of a nearby settlement - the village of Urengoy. Subsequently, a city of gas workers grew near the field New Urengoy.

The field was discovered in June 1966; the discoverer of the Urengoy structure was the seismic station of V. Tsybenko. The first exploration well in Urengoy was drilled on July 6, 1966 by the team of master V. Polupanov. Production at the field began in 1978. On February 25, 1981, the first hundred billion cubic meters of natural gas were produced at the Urengoy field. Since January 1984, gas from the Urengoy field begins to be exported to Western Europe. 5

The operating well stock of the Urengoy field is more than 1,300 wells. Production at the field is carried out by Gazprom Dobycha Urengoy LLC (formerly Urengoygazprom) and Gazprom Dobycha Yamburg LLC, subsidiaries of Gazprom. Natural gas production in 2007 amounted to 223 billion cubic meters.

Total geological reserves are estimated at 16 trillion m? natural gas. Residual geological reserves amount to 10.5 trillion m? natural gas and 65.63% of the total geological reserves of the Urengoy field.

The Yuzhno-Russkoye oil and gas field is located in the Krasnoselkupsky district of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, one of the largest in Russia. The field's reserves are: gas in the ABC1 category - 825.2 billion m3, in the C2 category - 208.9 billion m3, oil - 5.7 million tons.

The license to develop the field belongs to Severneftegazprom, a subsidiary of Gazprom. The field was officially put into operation on December 18, 2007 by Gazprom and BASF (the German company E.ON is also expected to join the project), but production actually began at the end of October 2007. Construction of infrastructure at the field has been ongoing since March 2006. The Yuzhno-Russkoye field will be the main resource base of the North European Gas Pipeline.

The production plan for the field for 2008 is 10 billion m? gas, since 2009 - 25 billion m? in year. 6 Actual investments in field development in 2005-2008. amounted to 133 billion rubles.

The Nakhodkinskoye gas field is a natural gas field of the Bolshekhetsk Depression in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug of Russia. The deposit's reserves are estimated at 275.3 billion m? gas The design capacity of the field is around 10 billion m? in year.

The field was discovered by the Taz oil and gas exploration expedition on January 30, 1974. Development of the Nakhodkinskoye field began in November 2003, production drilling began in February 2004. Put into operation in April 2005.

The development of the field is carried out by LLC LUKOIL-Western Siberia, owned by LUKOIL; The extracted gas is sold to Gazprom.

The Yety-Purovskoye oil field is an oil field in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug of Russia, near the city of Noyabrsk. The license to develop the field belongs to the Gazprom Neft company (Sibneft-Noyabrskneftegaz).

The deposit was discovered in 1982; its additional exploration and development began only in 2003. The field's reserves in categories A, B, C1 amount to 20 million tons of high-quality light oil and another 20 million tons in category C2.

At the beginning of 2007, a flowing oil well with a daily flow rate of approximately 400 tons of oil was registered at the Yety-Purovskoye field, which is one of the record figures for Western Siberia.

The Medvezhye gas field is unique in terms of gas reserves, located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, 50 km southwest of the village. Nyda. It is part of the West Siberian oil and gas province. Opened in 1967. Developed since 1972. The field is being developed by Gazprom Dobycha Nadym LLC.

Confined to the Nydinsky and Medvezhye local uplifts of the Medvezhye swell. The dimensions of the structure are 120 x 25 km. The amplitude of the structure is about 140 m, the area is over 2100 km?.

Cenomanian deposits have a thickness of 270-300 m. The seal is covered by marine clayey Turonian-Danian deposits with a total thickness of about 600 m. The average thickness of the productive formation is 24-113 m, the effective thickness is 44 m. Gas throughout the entire area is underlain by bottom formation water. The length of the deposit is 120 km, height - 114-135 m, width: within the Bear Rise - 13-26 km, Nydinsky - up to 18 km.

Initial gas reserves were estimated at 2,200 billion m?. 7

The first springboard for the development of Medvezhye was the village. Labytnangi, where in 1967 the Directorate for the development of northern fields and gas pipelines was organized as part of Tyumengazprom. According to the chief engineer of Tyumengazprom, Yu. I. Topchev, “in the three years preceding the assault on Medvezhye, gas workers and builders did very little in Labytnangi and Nadym.” 8

In November 1970, the directorate moved to the village. Nadym, its branch remained in Labytnangi. The construction of wells was entrusted to Glavtyumenneftegaz, and a Polar deep drilling expedition was organized in Labytnangi.

The first car crossed to the right bank of the river. Nadym in December 1970, but the transport could not go further than the Russian Field (a ten-kilometer swamp). Only in the second half of January 1971 did the builders reach the place where construction of the village began. Pangodas.

The first facility was gas collection point No. 2 (GP-2), located 20 km from Pangod (in 1973, Mingazprom introduced a single name - integrated gas treatment unit (CGTU)). The first to be drilled was reference well No. 52.

On December 23, 1971, air communication with the village was established. Pangodas. Soon the runway was hosting up to 40 flights of heavy cargo aircraft.

In December 1971, the Nadym Gas Field Administration was organized (since 1973 - Nadymgazprom).

In mid-March 1972, reference gas well No. 52 came into operation, which made it possible to supply the power plant and boiler house in Pangodah with gas. At the end of March, the head of the paramilitary fire department V.A. Berezin lit a torch at GP-2 - the sixth in the Tyumen region.

etc.................

The region's water resources are rich and diverse. They include: the coast of the Kara Sea, numerous bays and lips, rivers, lakes, swamps and groundwater. The Gulf of Ob, a bay of the Kara Sea, is one of the largest sea bays in the Russian Arctic, its area is 44,000 km². There are about 300 thousand lakes and 48 thousand rivers in the district, the largest of which are the Ob at its mouth, as well as the Nadym, Taz (river) and Pur rivers. The Ob River, one of the longest in Russia, flows within the district in two powerful branches. The presence of lakes, most of which are of glacial origin, is one of the characteristic features of the landscape of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Groundwater is characterized by a huge artesian basin with an area of 3 million km², including thermal water reserves.

The region occupies one of the leading places in Russia in terms of hydrocarbon reserves, especially natural gas and oil. The following deposits are located on the territory of the district:

1. Urengoy gas field

2. Yuzhno-Russkoye oil and gas field

3. Nakhodkinskoye gas field

4. Yamburg oil and gas condensate field

5. Yety-Purovskoye oil field

About 600 thousand heads of domestic reindeer are grazed on 50 million hectares of tundra. Nature has hidden here 70 percent of the world's whitefish stocks (muksun, pink salmon, nelma).

General characteristics of deposits

In the 1965-1966 season, the Upper Cretaceous deposits of the Yamburg area were prepared for exploration drilling.

In 1972, the team of drilling master V.V. Polupanov completed drilling a deep well in the Yamburg area. The test was entrusted to a specially formed team, headed by master Alexey Myltsev.

There is another toponymic version, according to which the territory on which the deposit is located was originally called Yampur - Gray Swamp. Then it was renamed Yamburg.

At the beginning of December 2006, the first commercial gas was supplied to the main gas pipeline from the integrated gas treatment unit (UKPG-9) at the Kharvutinskaya area of the YANGKM field. In 2007, a gas pre-treatment unit (UPPG-10) was put into operation, due to this, by 2008 it is planned to achieve an annual production of 25 billion m³ of gas at the Kharvutinsky complex.

In the future, Yamburg's infrastructure will be used to prepare gas from nearby fields.

Total geological reserves are estimated at 8.2 trillion m³ of natural gas. Residual geological reserves amount to 5.2 trillion m³ of natural gas and 42.31% of the total geological reserves of the Yamburg field.

The Urengoy natural gas field is a large gas field, the second largest in the world in terms of reservoir reserves, which exceed 10 trillion cubic meters (10¹³ m³). It is located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug of the Tyumen region of Russia, slightly south of the Arctic Circle. The name is given by the name of the nearby settlement- Urengoy village. Subsequently, the city of gas workers, Novy Urengoy, grew up near the field.

Total geological reserves are estimated at 16 trillion m³ of natural gas. Residual geological reserves amount to 10.5 trillion m³ of natural gas and 65.63% of the total geological reserves of the Urengoy field.

The Yuzhno-Russkoye oil and gas field is located in the Krasnoselkupsky district of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, one of the largest in Russia. The field's reserves are: gas in the ABC1 category - 825.2 billion m³, in the C2 category - 208.9 billion m³, oil - 5.7 million tons.

The production plan for the field for 2008 is 10 billion m³ of gas, from 2009 - 25 billion m³ per year. Actual investments in field development in 2005-2008 amounted to 133 billion rubles.

The Nakhodkinskoye gas field is a natural gas field in the Bolshekhetsk Depression in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug of Russia. The field's reserves are estimated at 275.3 billion m³ of gas. The design capacity of the field is around 10 billion m³ per year.

The development of the field is carried out by LLC LUKOIL-Western Siberia, owned by LUKOIL; The extracted gas is sold to Gazprom.

Gas field Yamal, Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: capital, regions and cities

1 Minerals of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Government departments

Nature

Relief

Geological structure and minerals

Climate

Inland waters

Soils, flora and fauna

Condition and protection of the environment

Population

Religion

Historical sketch

Farm

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Non-ferrous and rare metals.

Introduction

General information about the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Indigenous peoples of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Minerals of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

General characteristics of deposits

General characteristics of deposits

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