Names of European capitals in English. Countries and nationalities in English with translation
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This material is intended as pronunciation help for learners of English. The material contains an alphabetical list of names of countries, capitals, and some large cities, with pronunciation in the form of phonetic transcription.
This material is intended as a pronunciation aid for learners of English. The material contains an alphabetical list of names of countries, capitals and some large cities, with pronunciation in the form of phonetic transcription.
Pronunciation of some other geographical names (largest seas, rivers, lakes, mountains, etc.) can be found in the material in the section Miscellany. (Inhabitants, nationalities – see in the section Grammar.)
The pronunciation of some other geographical names (the largest seas, rivers, lakes, mountains, etc.) can be found in the material "The Largest in the World" in the Miscellany section. (Inhabitants, nationalities - see Articles with Proper Names in the Grammar section.)
Transcription
Transcription
[θ] as in THINK; [ð] as in THIS; – S.H.E.; – VISION; – RICH; [j] - JANE; [ŋ] - LONG; [y] - YES;
[θ] as in THINK; [ð] as in THIS; – S.H.E.; – VISION; – RICH; [j] - JANE; [ŋ] - LONG; [y] - YES;
As in CAR; [æ] as in CAT; – SE; [i] - ILL; [e] - GET; – MORE; [o] - LOT; – BLUE; – USE; [u] – BOOK; [ʌ] - CUT; [ə] - AWAY; [ər] - SIR;
As in CAR; [æ] as in CAT; – SE; [i] - ILL; [e] - GET; – MORE; [o] - LOT; – BLUE; – USE; [u] – BOOK; [ʌ] - CUT; [ə] - AWAY; [ər] - SIR;
As in DAY; as in MINE; – OUT; – BOY; – GO.
As in DAY; like in MINE; – OUT; – BOY; – GO.
Transcription is indicated according to American pronunciation. Stress is shown before stressed syllables. Example of secondary and primary stress before stressed syllables: [,a:rjən"ti:nə] (Argentina).
Transcription is given according to American pronunciation. Stress is indicated before stressed syllables. An example of secondary and main stress before stressed syllables: [, a: rjən "ti: nə] (Argentina).
Notes on pronunciation
Pronunciation notes
Variants of pronunciation
Pronunciation options
Most countries have short names and official names. For example: China ["chainə] - the People"s Republic of China [ðə "pi: plz ri" pʌblik əv "chainə]; Russia ["rʌshə] - the Russian Federation [ðə "rʌshən, fedə" reishən]; Spain – the Kingdom of Spain [ðə "kiŋdəm əv "spein].
Most countries have short names and official names. For example: China - People's Republic of China; Russia - Russian Federation; Spain is the Kingdom of Spain.
In many cases, there is more than one variant of English pronunciation of countries and cities. For example: France , ; Kuwait, ; Bulgaria, ; Teheran [,teə"ra:n], [,ti:ə"ræn], [,tehə"ra:n]; Valparaiso [,vælpə"reizou], [,vælpə"raisou], [,va:lpa:ra :"i:sou].
In many cases, there is more than one English pronunciation of countries and cities. For example: France, (France); Kuwait, (Kuwait); Bulgaria, (Bulgaria); Teheran [,teə"ra:n], [,ti:ə"ræn], [,tehə"ra:n] (Tehran); Valparaiso [,vælpə"reizou], [,vælpə"raisou], [,va: lpa:ra:"i:sou] (Valparaiso).
Differences between British and American pronunciation of countries and cities are usually found in the cases of the sound [r] after vowels. For example: Norway ["no:rwei] (AmE) – Norway ["no:wei] (BrE); Serbia ["sərbiə] (AmE) - Serbia ["sə: biə] (BrE); Algiers [æl "ji: rz], [æl" jirz] (AmE) - Algiers [æl "jiəz] (BrE).
Differences between British and American pronunciations of countries and cities usually occur in cases of sound [r] after vowels. For example: Norway ["no:rwei] (AmE) - Norway ["no:wei] (BrE); Serbia ["sərbiə] (AmE) - Serbia ["sə: biə] (BrE); Algiers [æl "ji: rz], [æl" jirz] (AmE) - Algiers [æl "jiəz] (BrE).
The conjunction "and" in geographical names may be pronounced [ænd] (formal pronunciation); [ənd] or [ən]. The word "Saint" in geographical names may be written as "St." but is always pronounced.
The conjunction "and" in place names can be pronounced [ænd] (official pronunciation); [ənd] or [ən]. The word "Saint" in place names can be written as "St.", but is always pronounced .
It is usually recommended that learners of English use the first pronunciation variant indicated in the dictionary, as it is usually the most common.
Russian geographical names
Russian geographical names
English dictionaries usually indicate more than one variant of pronunciation for those geographical names that came into English from Russian.
English dictionaries usually indicate more than one pronunciation for those geographical names that entered the English language from the Russian language.
Differences between variants are often connected with the pronunciation of the endings "tia, zia, sia, ov, ev" and with the choice of , [æ] or for the letter "a". Note that the combination "kh" for the Russian sound [h] is usually pronounced [k], rarely [h].
Differences between variants are often associated with the pronunciation of the endings "tia, zia, sia, ov, ev" and with the choice of , [æ] or for the letter "a". Please note that the combination "kh" for the Russian sound [h] is usually pronounced [k], rarely [h].
Compare these variants of English pronunciation of Russian names of countries and cities: Kazakhstan [,ka:za:k"sta:n], [,ka:za:k"stæn], [,kæzək"stæn]; Abkhazia [æb" keizhə], [æb "keiziə], ; South Ossetia ["sauθ ou" si: shə], ["sauθ o" si: shə], ["sauθ o" setiə]; Rostov , , ; Kazan , , ; Arkhangelsk , .
Compare the English pronunciation of Russian names of countries and cities: Kazakhstan [, ka: za: k "sta: n], [, ka: za: k" stæn], [, kæzək" stæn] (Kazakhstan); Abkhazia [æb" keizhə ], [æb "keiziə], (Abkhazia); South Ossetia ["sauθ ou" si: shə], ["sauθ o" si: shə], ["sauθ o" setiə] (South Ossetia); Rostov, , ( Rostov); Kazan, (Kazan); Arkhangelsk, (Arkhangelsk).
For Russian-speaking learners of English, it may be preferable to choose the variant that is closer to Russian pronunciation and spelling. For example: Arkhangelsk ; Kazan; Rostov.
For Russian speaking English learners, one that is closer to Russian pronunciation and spelling may be preferred. For example: Arkhangelsk ; Kazan; Rostov.
About the list below
About the list below
The list below contains the names of the UN member states and observer states. Language learners also need to study the pronunciation and spelling of the names of many other countries and cities.
The list below contains the names of UN member states and observer states. Language learners also need to learn the pronunciation and spelling of the names of many other countries and cities.
The list contains short names of the countries and the names of their capitals and of some large cities. Some former names are indicated in parentheses. In most cases, one variant of pronunciation for each name is indicated in the list.
The list contains short names of countries and the names of their capitals and some major cities. Some former names are given in parentheses. In most cases, one pronunciation for each name is listed.
Countries-Cities
Countries - Cities
Afghanistan [æf "gænistæn] - Kabul ["ka: bul], ;
Afghanistan - Kabul;
Albania [æl "beiniə] - Tirana;
Albania - Tirana;
Algeria [æl "ji: riə] - Algiers [æl" ji: rz];
Algeria - Algeria;
Andorra [æn "do: rə] - Andorra la Vella [æn" do: rə lə "velya:];
Andorra - Andorra la Vella;
Angola [æŋ "goulə] - Luanda;
Angola - Luanda;
Antigua and Barbuda [æn "ti: gwə ənd ba: r" bu: də] - St. John"s [,seint "jonz];
Antigua and Barbuda - St. John's;
Argentina [, a: rjən "ti: nə] - Buenos Aires [" bweinəs "eəriz]; Rosario; Cordoba [" ko: rdo: va:]; La Plata ;
Argentina - Buenos Aires; Rosario; Cordova; La Plata;
Armenia-Yerevan;
Armenia - Yerevan;
Australia - Canberra ["kænberə]; Sydney ["sidni]; Melbourne ["melbərn]; Brisbane ["brizbein];
Australia - Canberra; Sydney; Melbourne; Brisbane;
Austria ["o: striə] - Vienna; Graz; Salzburg ["so: lzbərg]; Innsbruck ["inzbruk];
Austria Vienna; Graz; Salzburg; Innsbruck;
Azerbaijan [, a: zərbai "ja: n] - Baku;
Azerbaijan, Baku;
Bahamas-Nassau ["næso:];
Bahamas - Nassau;
Bahrain, Bahrein, - Manama;
Bahrain - Manama;
Bangladesh [,bæŋglə"desh] - Dhaka ["da:kə];
Bangladesh - Dhaka;
Barbados-Bridgetown
Barbados - Bridgetown;
Belarus, Byelarus [,bela:"rus] (Belorussia, Byelorussia [,belə"rʌshə]) - Minsk; Gomel ["go:mel]; Mogilev [,mogi"lyo:v]; Vitebsk ["vi:tebsk]; Grodno ["gro:dno];
Belarus (Belarus) - Minsk; Gomel; Mogilev; Vitebsk; Grodno;
Belgium ["beljəm] - Brussels ["brʌsəlz]; Antwerp ["æntwerp];
Belgium - Brussels; Antwerp;
Belize - Belmopan [,belmou "pa: n];
Belize - Belmopan;
Benin - Porto Novo ["po: rtou "nouvou];
Benin - Porto-Novo;
Bhutan - Thimbu, Thimphu ["timbu:], [θim"bu:];
Bhutan - Thimphu;
Bolivia – Sucre ["su:kre]; La Paz; Santa Cruz ["sæntə "kru:z];
Bolivia - Sucre; La Paz; Santa Cruz;
Bosnia and Herzegovina ["bozniə ənd, hertsəgou" vi:nə] – Sarajevo [,sa:rə"yevou];
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Sarajevo;
Botswana-Gaborone [,ga:bə"rouni];
Botswana - Gaborone;
Brazil–Brazilia; Sao Paulo ["sauŋ "paulu]; Rio de Janeiro ["ri:ou də jə"neirou], ["ri:ou dei zhə"neirou]; Belo Horizonte [,belo: ri:"zo:ŋti];
Brazil - Brazil, Brasilia; Sao Paulo; Rio de Janeiro; Belo Horizonte;
Brunei, – Bandar Seri Begawan ["ba:ndər "seri bə"ga:wən];
Brunei - Bandar Seri Begawan;
Bulgaria, – Sofia ["soufiə], ;
Bulgaria - Sofia;
Burkina Faso (Upper Volta) - Ouagadougou [,wa:gə"du:gu:];
Burkina Faso (Upper Volta) - Ouagadougou;
Burma ["bərmə], now Myanmar ["mya: nma:] - Naypyidaw; Yangon (Rangoon);
Burma, now Myanmar - Naypyidaw; Yangon (Rangoon);
Burundi - Bujumbura [, bujum "bura:];
Burundi - Bujumbura;
Cambodia - Phnom Penh, Pnom Penh ["nom"pen], ["pno:m"pen];
Cambodia - Phnom Penh;
Cameroon [, kæmə "ru: n] - Yaounde [, ya: u: n "dei];
Cameroon - Yaounde;
Canada ["kænədə] - Ottawa ["otəwə]; Toronto; Montreal [,montri"o:l]; Vancouver; Calgary ["kælgəri]; Quebec;
Canada - Ottawa; Toronto; Montreal; Vancouver; Calgary; Quebec;
Cape Verde ["keip "vərd] - Praia ["praiə];
Cape Verde - Praia;
Central African Republic - Bangui ;
Central African Republic - Bangui;
Chad - N "Djamena [ənja:" meina:];
Chad - N'Djamena;
Chile ["chili] - Santiago [,sa:nti:"a:gou], [,sænti"a:gou]; Valparaiso [,vælpə"reizou], [,vælpə"raisou];
Chile - Santiago; Valparaiso;
China ["chainə] - Beijing ["bei" jiŋ] (Peking); Shanghai ["shæŋ" hai]; Guangzhou, Kwangchow ["gwa: ŋ" jou] (Canton);
China - Beijing (Beijing); Shanghai; Guangzhou (Canton);
Colombia - Bogota [, bougə "ta:];
Colombia - Bogota;
Comoros ["komərouz] - Moroni;
Comoros - Moroni;
Congo ["koŋgou], Democratic Republic–Kinshasa ;
Congo, Democratic Republic - Kinshasa;
Congo ["koŋgou], Republic - Brazzaville ["bræzəvil];
Congo, Republic - Brazzaville;
Costa Rica ["kostə "ri:kə] - San Jose [,sa:n ho:"se], [,sa:n hou"sei];
Costa Rica - San Jose;
Cote d "Ivoire [, kout di" vwa: r] (Ivory Coast) - Yamoussoukro [, ya: mu" su: krou]; Abidjan [, æbi" ja: n];
Ivory Coast (Ivory Coast) - Yamoussoukro; Abidjan;
Croatia - Zagreb ["za:greb];
Croatia - Zagreb;
Cuba ["kyu: bə] - Havana;
Cuba - Havana;
Cyprus ["saiprəs] - Nicosia [,nikə" si:ə];
Cyprus - Nicosia;
Czech Republic ["chek ri" pʌblik] - Prague;
Czech Republic, Czech Republic - Prague;
Countries-Cities
Countries - Cities
Denmark ["denma: rk] - Copenhagen [, koupən" heigən]; Alborg ["o:lbo:rg]; Odense ["ouðənsə];
Denmark - Copenhagen; Aalborg; Odense;
Djibouti - Djibouti;
Djibouti - Djibouti;
Dominica [, domə "ni: kə] - Roseau;
Dominica - Roseau;
Dominican Republic - Santo Domingo ["sæntou də" miŋgou];
Dominican Republic - Santo Domingo;
East Timor ["i: st ti" mo: r] - Dili ["dili];
East Timor - Dili;
Ecuador ["ekwədo:r] - Quito ["ki:tou];
Ecuador - Quito;
Egypt ["i:jipt] - Cairo ["kairou];
Egypt - Cairo;
El Salvador - San Salvador
El Salvador - San Salvador;
Equatorial Guinea [,ekwə"to:riəl"gini] - Malabo (Santa Isabel);
Equatorial Guinea - Malabo (Santa Isabel);
Eritrea [, eri "tri: ə] - Asmara;
Eritrea - Asmara;
Estonia-Tallinn ["ta:lin];
Estonia - Tallinn;
Ethiopia [,i: θi "oupiə] - Addis Ababa ["ædis "æbəbə], ["a: dis "a: bəbə];
Ethiopia - Addis Ababa;
Fiji ["fi:ji:] - Suva ["su:va:];
Fiji - Suva;
Finland ["finlənd] - Helsinki ["helsiŋki]; Tampere ["ta:mpere]; Turku ["turku];
Finland - Helsinki; Tampere; Turku;
France, - Paris ["pæris]; Lyon, Lyons; Marseilles, Marseille; Lille; Bordeaux;
France Paris; Lyon; Marseilles; Lille; Bordeaux;
Gabon - Libreville [,li:brə "vi:l];
Gabon - Libreville;
Gambia ["gæmbiə] - Banjul ["ba: njul];
Gambia - Banjul;
Georgia ["jo: rjə] - Tbilisi;
Georgia, Tbilisi;
Germany ["jərməni] - Berlin; Hamburg ["hæmbərg]; Munich ["myu: nik]; Cologne; Frankfurt am Main ["fra: ŋkfurt a: m "main];
Germany Berlin; Hamburg; Munich; Koln; Frankfurt am Main;
Ghana ["ga: nə] - Accra [ə" kra:], ["ækrə];
Ghana - Accra;
Greece - Athens ["æθinz];
Greece - Athens;
Grenada - Saint George"s ["seint" jo: rjiz];
Grenada - St. George's;
Guatemala [,gwa:tə "ma:lə] - Guatemala City;
Guatemala - Guatemala;
Guinea ["gini] - Conakry ["konəkri:];
Guinea - Conakry;
Guinea-Bissau ["gini bi" sau] - Bissau;
Guinea-Bissau - Bissau;
Guyana - Georgetown ["jo:rjtown];
Guyana - Georgetown;
Haiti ["heiti] - Port-au-Prince [,po:rtou "prins];
Haiti - Port-au-Prince;
Honduras, -Tegucigalpa;
Honduras - Tegucigalpa;
Hungary ["hʌŋgəri] - Budapest ["bu: də, pest];
Hungary - Budapest;
Iceland ["aislənd] - Reykjavik ["reikya: vi: k];
Iceland - Reykjavik;
India ["indiə] – New Delhi [,nyu: "deli]; Mumbai (Bombay); Delhi ["deli];
India - New Delhi; Mumbai, Mumbai (Bombay); Delhi;
Indonesia [, ində "ni: zhə] - Jakarta;
Indonesia - Jakarta;
Iran - Teheran, Tehran [,teə"ra:n], [,tehə"ra:n], [,ti:ə"ræn];
Iran - Tehran;
Iraq–Baghdad ["bægdæd], ;
Iraq - Baghdad;
Ireland ["aiərlənd] - Dublin ["dʌblin];
Ireland - Dublin;
Israel ["izreiəl] - Tel Aviv ["tel a:" vi: v]; Jerusalem; Haifa ["haifə];
Israel - Tel Aviv; Jerusalem; Haifa;
Italy ["itəli] - Rome ; Milan , ; Naples ["neiplz]; Turin ["turin]; Genoa ["jenouə];
Italy Rome; Milan; Naples; Turin; Genoa;
Jamaica-Kingston ["kiŋstən];
Jamaica - Kingston;
Japan-Tokyo ["toukiou]; Kyoto ["kyoutou]; Osaka, ["ousa:kə];
Japan Tokyo; Kyoto; Osaka;
Jordan ["jo: rdən] - Amman;
Jordan - Amman;
Kazakhstan [, ka: za: k "sta: n] - Astana; Almaty (Alma-Ata);
Kazakhstan, Astana; Almaty (Alma-Ata);
Kenya ["kenyə], ["ki: nyə] – Nairobi;
Kenya - Nairobi;
Kiribati [,kiri"ba:ti] - Tarawa;
Kiribati - Tarawa;
Korea - see North Korea, South Korea;
Korea - see North Korea, South Korea;
Kuwait, - Kuwait;
Kuwait - El Kuwait;
Kyrgyzstan [,kirgi:z "sta:n] (Kirghizia) - Bishkek;
Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyzstan) - Bishkek;
Countries-Cities
Countries - Cities
Laos ["la: ous], [" leios] - Vientiane [, vyen" tya: n];
Laos - Vientiane;
Latvia ["lætviə] - Riga ["Ri:gə];
Latvia, Riga;
Lebanon ["lebənən] - Beirut;
Lebanon - Beirut;
Lesotho-Maseru ["mæzəru:];
Lesotho - Maseru;
Liberia-Monrovia;
Liberia - Monrovia;
Libya ["libiə] - Tripoli ["tripəli];
Libya - Tripoli;
Liechtenstein ["liktənshtain] - Vaduz,;
Liechtenstein - Vaduz;
Lithuania [,liθu:"einiə] - Vilnius ["vilnius], ["vilniəs];
Lithuania - Vilnius;
Luxembourg ["lʌksəmbərg] - Luxembourg;
Luxembourg - Luxembourg;
Macedonia [,mæsi "douniə] - Skopje ["skoupye];
Macedonia - Skopje;
Madagascar [, mædə "gæskər] - Antananarivo [, æntənænə "ri: vou] (Tananarive);
Madagascar - Antananarivo (Tananarivo);
Malawi–Lilongwe;
Malawi - Lilongwe;
Malaysia - Kuala Lumpur ["kwa:lə lum"pur];
Malaysia - Kuala Lumpur;
Maldives ["mældaivz] - Male ["ma: li:];
Maldives - Male;
Mali ["ma: li:] - Bamako ["bæmə, kou];
Mali - Bamako;
Malta ["mo: ltə] - Valletta;
Malta - Valletta;
Marshall Islands ["ma: rshəl "ailəndz] - Majuro;
Marshall Islands - Majuro;
Mauritania [, mo: ri "teiniə] - Nouakchott;
Mauritania - Nouakchott;
Mauritius – Port Louis ["po:rt "lu:i(s)]
Mauritius - Port Louis;
Mexico ["meksikou] - Mexico City ["meksikou "siti]; Guadalajara [,gwa:dələ"ha:rə]; Monterrey [,montə"rei]; Tijuana [,ti:ə"wa:nə]; Acapulco [,ækə "pulkou];
Mexico - Mexico City; Guadalajara; Monterrey; Tijuana; Acapulco;
Micronesia [, maikrou "ni: zhə] - Palikir [, pa: li" kir];
Micronesia - Palikir;
Moldova (Moldavia) - Chisinau [, kishi "nau] (Kishinev);
Moldova (Moldova) - Chisinau;
Monaco ["monəkou] - Monaco;
Monaco - Monaco;
Mongolia - Ulan Bator ["u: la: n" ba: to: r];
Mongolia - Ulaanbaatar;
Montenegro [,montə"ni:grou] - capitals: Podgorica ["po:dgo:,ri:tsa:]; Cetinje ["tsetinye];
Montenegro - capitals: Podgorica; Cetinje;
Morocco–Rabat; Casablanca [,kæsə "blæŋkə];
Morocco - Rabat; Casablanca;
Mozambique [, mouzəm "bi: k] - Maputo;
Mozambique - Maputo;
Myanmar - see Burma;
Myanmar - see Burma;
Namibia - Windhoek ["vint huk]"
Namibia - Windhoek;
Nauru-Yaren ["ya:rən];
Nauru - Yaren;
Nepal - Katmandu [, ka: tma: n "du:];
Nepal - Kathmandu;
Netherlands ["neðərləndz], Holland ["holənd] - Amsterdam ["æmstərdæm]; The Hague [ðə" heig]; Rotterdam ["rotərdæm];
Netherlands, Holland - Amsterdam; Hague; Rotterdam;
New Zealand ["nyu:" zi: lənd] - Wellington ["weliŋtən]; Auckland ["o: klənd];
New Zealand - Wellington; Auckland;
Nicaragua [,nikə"ra:gwə] - Managua;
Nicaragua - Managua;
Niger ["naijər] - Niamey;
Niger - Niamey;
Nigeria - Abuja [ə "bu: jə]; Lagos [" la: gous]; ["leigos];
Nigeria - Abuja; Lagos;
North Korea ["no:rθ kou"ri:ə], ["no:rθ ko:"ri:ə] – Pyongyang ["pyʌŋ"ya:ŋ];
North Korea - Pyongyang;
Norway ["no: rwei] - Oslo ["oslou], ["ozlou]; Bergen ["bərgən]; Trondheim ["tro:nheim];
Norway - Oslo; Bergen; Trondheim;
Oman - Muscat, Masqat ["mʌskæt];
Oman - Muscat;
Pakistan ["pæki,stæn] - Islamabad ; Karachi ;
Pakistan - Islamabad; Karachi;
Palau – capital: Ngerulmud, Melekeok, or Koror ["ko:ro:r];
Palau - capital: Ngerulmud, Melekeok or Koror;
Palestine ["pælistain] - administrative capital: Ramallah; Gaza ["ga: zə];
Palestine - administrative capital: Ramallah; Strip;
Panama ["pænəma:] - Panama, Panama City;
Panama - Panama;
Papua New Guinea ["pæpyu:ə" nyu: "gini] – Port Moresby ["po: rt "mourzbi];
Papua New Guinea - Port Moresby;
Paraguay ["pærəgwai] - Asuncion [, a: su: n" syo: n];
Paraguay - Asuncion;
Peru - Lima ["li: mə];
Peru - Lima;
Philippines ["filə, pi: nz] - Manila; Quezon City [" keizon "siti], [" keiso: n "siti];
Philippines - Manila; Quezon City;
Poland ["poulənd] - Warsaw ["wo:rso:];
Poland Warsaw;
Portugal ["po:rchugəl] - Lisbon ["lizbən];
Portugal - Lisbon;
Qatar ["ka: ta: r] - Doha [" douhə];
Qatar - Doha;
Romania - Bucharest [, byu: kə "rest];
Romania - Bucharest;
Russia ["rʌshə] - Moscow ["moskou]; Saint Petersburg ["seint" pi:tərzbərg]; Novosibirsk [,no: vosi "bi: rsk]; Yekaterinburg ; Nizhny Novgorod ["ni: zhni "no: vgorod]; Samara ; Omsk ; Kazan ; Chelyabinsk ; Rostov-on-Don ; Ufa ; Volgograd [, vo: lgə" gra:d]; Perm ; Krasnoyarsk [,kra:sno"ya:rsk]; Voronezh ; Saratov ;
Russia Moscow; St. Petersburg; Novosibirsk; Yekaterinburg; Nizhny Novgorod; Samara; Omsk; Kazan; Chelyabinsk; Rostov-on-Don; Ufa; Volgograd; Permian; Krasnoyarsk; Voronezh; Saratov;
Rwanda-Kigali;
Rwanda - Kigali;
Countries-Cities
Countries - Cities
Saint Kitts and Nevis [,seint "kits ənd" ni:vis; "nevis] - Basseterre ;
Saint Kitts and Nevis - Basseterre;
Saint Lucia [,seint "lu:shiə] - Castries ["kæs,tri:z];
Saint Lucia - Castries;
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [,seint "vinsənt ənd ðə ,grenə" di: nz] – Kingstown ["kiŋztaun];
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Kingstown;
Samoa - Apia;
Samoa - Apia;
San Marino [, sæn mə "ri: nou] - San Marino;
San Marino - San Marino;
Sao Tome and Principe [,sauŋ tu "mei ənd "prinsipi:] - Sao Tome;
Sao Tome and Principe - Sao Tome;
Saudi Arabia, ["saudi ə" reibiə] - Riyadh; Mecca ["mekə];
Saudi Arabia - Riyadh; Mecca;
Senegal [, senə "go: l] - Dakar;
Senegal - Dakar;
Serbia ["sərbiə] - Belgrade; ["belgreid];
Serbia - Belgrade;
Seychelles–Victoria;
Seychelles - Victoria;
Sierra Leone, - Freetown ["fri:, town];
Sierra Leone - Freetown;
Singapore ["siŋgə,po:r], [,siŋgə"po:r] - Singapore;
Singapore - Singapore;
Slovakia - Bratislava ["bra:ti" sla:va:];
Slovakia - Bratislava;
Slovenia - Ljubljana ["lyu: blya: na:];
Slovenia - Ljubljana;
Solomon Islands ["soləmən "ailəndz] - Honiara [, houni" a: rə];
Solomon Islands - Honiara;
Somalia - Mogadishu [,mogə"dishu]; Mogadiscio [,mogə"dishiou];
Somalia - Mogadishu;
South Africa ["sauθ "æfrikə] - Pretoria,; Cape Town, Capetown ["keip, town]; Johannesburg ;
South Africa - Pretoria; Cape Town; Johannesburg;
South Korea ["sauθ kou" ri: ə], ["sauθ ko:" ri: ə] - Seoul , ;
South Korea - Seoul;
South Sudan ["sauθ su:"dæn] – Juba ["ju:bə];
South Sudan - Juba;
Spain-Madrid; Barcelona [,ba:rsə"lounə]; Valencia; Seville; Bilbao;
Spain Madrid; Barcelona; Valencia; Seville; Bilbao;
Sri Lanka - Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte; Colombo ;
Sri Lanka - Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte; Colombo;
Sudan–Khartoum;
Sudan - Khartoum;
Suriname - Paramaribo [,pærə"mæribou];
Suriname - Paramaribo;
Swaziland ["swa:zi,lænd] - Mbabane;
Swaziland - Mbabane;
Sweden ["swi: dən] - Stockholm ["stokhoum]; Goteborg [,yə:tə"bo:r] (Gothenburg); Malmo ["ma:lmə:];
Sweden - Stockholm; Gothenburg; Malmö;
Switzerland ["switsərlənd] - Bern; Zurich ["zurik]; Basel ["ba:zəl]; Geneva;
Switzerland - Bern; Zurich; Basel; Geneva;
Syria ["si: riə] - Damascus; Aleppo [ə" lepou];
Syria - Damascus; Aleppo;
Tajikistan, Tajikistan - Dushanbe [, du: sha: n "be];
Tajikistan - Dushanbe;
Tanzania [,tænzə"ni:ə], [,tæn"zæniə] – Dodoma ["doudəmə]; Dar es Salaam ["da:r es sə"la:m];
Tanzania - Dodoma; Dar es Salaam;
Thailand ["tailənd] - Bangkok ["bæŋkok], ;
Thailand - Bangkok;
Togo ["tougou] - Lome;
Togo - Lome;
Tonga ["toŋgə] – Nukualofa [,nu:kuə"lo:fə];
Tonga - Nuku'alofa;
Trinidad and Tobago ["trini,dæd ənd tou" beigou] - Port-of-Spain ["po: rtəv "spein];
Trinidad and Tobago - Port of Spain;
Tunisia, – Tunis ["tu:nis], ["tyu:nis];
Tunisia - Tunisia;
Turkey ["tərki] - Ankara ["æŋkərə]; Istanbul [,istæn"bu:l];
Turkey - Ankara; Istanbul;
Turkmenistan [,tərkmeni "sta:n] (Turkmenia) - Ashgabat [,a:shga:"ba:t], Ashkhabad [,a:shka:"ba:d];
Turkmenistan (Turkmenistan) - Ashgabat;
Tuvalu [,tuvə"lu:] - Funafuti [,fu:nə"fu:ti];
Tuvalu - Funafuti;
Uganda-Kampala;
Uganda - Kampala;
Ukraine - Kiev ["ki: ev]; Dnepropetrovsk [, dneprope" tro: vsk]; Donetsk ; Kharkov ["ka:rkov]; Odessa ;
Ukraine, Kyiv; Dnepropetrovsk; Donetsk; Kharkov; Odessa;
United Arab Emirates – Abu Dhabi ["a:bu: "da:bi:]; Dubai ;
United Arab Emirates - Abu Dhabi; Dubai;
United Kingdom - London ["lʌndən]; Birmingham ["bərmiŋəm]; Glasgow ["glæzgou]; Liverpool ["livər,pu:l]; Manchester ["mænchestər]; Cardiff ["ka:rdif]; Edinburgh ["edənbərə]; Belfast ["belfa: st];
United Kingdom - London; Birmingham; Glasgow; Liverpool; Manchester; Cardiff; Edinburgh; Belfast;
United States-Washington, D.C. ["woshiŋtən "di: "si:]; New York [,nu: "yo:rk], [,nyu: "yo:rk]; Los Angeles ; Chicago ; Dallas ["dæləs]; Miami; San Francisco [, sæn fræn "siskou]; Philadelphia [, filə "delfiə]; Houston ["hyu:stən]; Boston ["bo:stən]; Phoenix ["fi:niks];
United States - Washington; New York; Los Angeles; Chicago; Dallas; Miami; San Francisco; Philadelphia; Houston; Boston; Phoenix;
Uruguay ["yurəgwai] - Montevideo [,montəvi" deiou];
Uruguay - Montevideo;
Uzbekistan [,uzbeki "sta: n] - Tashkent;
Uzbekistan - Tashkent;
Vanuatu [,va:nu"a:tu] - Vila ["vi:lə];
Vanuatu - Vila;
Vatican ["vætikən], Vatican City ["vætikən "siti];
Venezuela [, veni "zweilə], [, venə" zwi: lə] - Caracas; Maracaibo [,mærə "kaibou]; Valencia;
Venezuela - Caracas; Maracaibo; Valencia;
Vietnam [,vi:et"na:m] – Hanoi [,ha:"noi];
Vietnam - Hanoi;
Yemen ["yemən] - San" a, Sanaa;
Yemen - Sana'a;
Zambia ["zæmbiə] - Lusaka;
Zambia - Lusaka;
Zimbabwe-Hare.
Zimbabwe - Harare.
A list of names of countries, capitals, and some large cities, with phonetic transcription and notes on pronunciation.
List of country names, capitals and some major cities, with phonetic transcription and notes on pronunciation.
An important aspect of any language is the name of countries, nationalities and languages. In each language, these names are individual and reflect the grammatical and phonetic structure of the given language.
In this article, the names of countries, languages and nationalities in English will be provided with transcription and their translation into Russian. You will also find the capitals of all countries of the world, the names of the inhabitants and the nation and country.
Countries and capitals
Country name in English | Country name in Russian | Name of the country's capital in English | Name of the country's capital in Russian |
Afghanistan [æfˈɡænᵻstæn] |
Afghanistan | Kabul | Kabul |
Albania | Albania | Tirana | Tirana |
Algeria [ælˈdʒɪə.ri.ə] |
Algeria | Algeria | Algeria |
Andorra | Andorra | Andorra la Vella [ənˈdorə ɫə ˈβeʎə] |
Andorra La Viella |
Angola [æŋˈɡoʊlə] |
Angola | Luanda | Luanda |
Argentina [ɑːrdʒənˈtiːnə] |
Argentina | Buenos Aires [ˈbweɪnəs ˈɛəriːz] |
Buenos Aires |
Armenia [ɑːrˈmiːniə] |
Armenia | Yerevan | Yerevan |
Australia [ɒˈstreɪliən] |
Australia | Canberra | Canberra |
Austria | Austria | Vienna | Vein |
Azerbaijan [ˌæz.ə.baɪˈdʒɑːn] |
Azerbaijan | Baku | Baku |
Bahamas | Bahamas | Nassau | Nassau |
Bahrain | Bahrain | Manama | Manama |
Bangladesh | Bangladesh | Dhaka | Dhaka |
Barbados | Barbados | Bridgetown | Bridgetown |
Belarus [ˌbel.əˈruːs] |
Belarus | Minsk | Minsk |
Belgium | Belgium | Brussels | Brussels |
Bhutan | Butane | Thimphu | Thimphu |
Bolivia | Bolivia | Sucre | Sucre |
Bosnia-Herzegovina [ˌbɒz.ni.əˌhɜːt.səˈɡɒv.ɪ.nə] |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Sarajevo | Sarajevo |
Botswana | Botswana | Gaborone [χabʊˈrʊnɛ] |
Gaborone |
Brazil | Brazil | Brazil | Brasilia |
Britain | Britannia | — | — |
Bulgaria | Bulgaria | Sofia | Sofia |
Burma ( official name Myanmar | Burma | Naypyidaw | Naypyidaw |
Burundi | Burundi | Bujumbura | Bujumbura |
Cambodia | Cambodia | Phnom Penh | Phnom Penh |
Cameroon [ˌkæm.əˈruːn] |
Cameroon | Yaounde | Yaounde |
Canada [ˈkæn.ə.də] | Canada | Ottawa | Ottawa |
Cape Verde Islands | Cape Verde | Praia | praia |
Chad | Chad | N'Djamena [əndʒɑːˈmeɪnɑː] |
Ndjamena |
Chile | Chile | Santiago | Santiago |
China | China | Beijing [ˌbeɪˈdʒɪŋ] |
Beijing |
Colombia | Colombia | Bogota [ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː] |
Santa Fe de Bogota |
Democratic Republic of the [ˈkɒŋ.ɡəʊ] |
Democratic Republic of the Congo | Kinshasa | Kinshasa |
Costa Rica [ˌkɒs.tə ˈriː.kə] |
Costa Rica | San Jose | San Jose |
Croatia | Croatia | Zagreb | Zagreb |
Cuba | Cuba | Havana | Havana |
Cyprus | Cyprus | Nicosia [ˌnɪkəˈsiːə] |
Nicosia |
Czech Republic [ˌtʃek rɪˈpʌblɪk] |
Czech | Prague | Prague |
Denmark | Denmark | Copenhagen | Copenhagen |
Dominican Republic | Dominican Republic | Santo Domingo [ˈsanto ðoˈmiŋɡo] |
Santo Dominigo |
Ecuador [ˈek.wə.dɔːr] |
Ecuador | Quito | Quito |
Egypt [ˈiː.dʒɪpt] |
Egypt | Cairo | Cairo |
El Salvador [ˌel ˈsæl.və.dɔːr] |
El Salvador | San Salvador [ˌsæn ˈsæl.və.dɔːr] |
San Salvador |
England [ˈɪŋ.ɡlənd] |
England | — | — |
Eritrea | Eritrea | Asmara | Asmara |
Estonia | Estonia | Tallinn | Tallinn |
Ethiopia | Ethiopia | Addis Ababa | Addis Ababa |
Fiji [ˈfiː.dʒiː] |
Fiji | Suva | Suva |
Finland | Finland | Helsinki | Helsinki |
France | France | Paris | Paris |
Gabon | Gabon | Libreville | Libreville |
Gambia, the [ˈɡæm.bi.ə] |
Gambia | Banjul | banjul |
Georgia | Georgia | Tbilisi | Tbilisi |
Germany [ˈdʒɜː.mə.ni] |
Germany | Berlin | Berlin |
Ghana | Ghana | Accra | Accra |
Greece | Greece | Athens | Athens |
Grenada [ɡrəˈneɪ.də] |
Grenada | St. George's | St. George's |
Guatemala [ɡwɑː.təˈmɑː.lə] |
Guatemala | Guatemala City [ɡwɑː.təˈmɑː.lə] |
Guatemala |
Guinea | Guinea | Conakry | Conakry |
Guyana [ɡaɪˈæn.ə] |
Guyana | Georgetown | Georgetown |
haiti | Haiti | port-au-prince [ˌpɔːrtoʊˈprɪns] |
Port-au-Prince |
Holland ( also Netherlands) | Holland, Netherlands | Amsterdam [ˈæmstrərdæm] |
Amsterdam |
Honduras | Honduras | Tegucigalpa | Tegucigalpa |
Hungary [ˈhʌŋ.ɡər.i] |
Hungary | Budapest | Budapest |
Iceland | Iceland | Reykjavik [ˈreiːcaˌviːk] |
Reykjavik |
India | India | New Delhi [ˌnjuː ˈdɛli] |
New Delhi |
Indonesia [ˌɪn.dəˈniː.ʒə] |
Indonesia | Jakarta | Jakarta |
Iran | Iran | Tehran | Tehran |
Iraq | Iraq | Baghdad | Baghdad |
Ireland, Republic of [ˈaɪə.lənd] |
Ireland | Dublin | Dublin |
Italy | Italy | Rome | Rome |
Jamaica | Jamaica | Kingston | kingston |
Japan | Japan | Tokyo | Tokyo |
Jordan [ˈdʒɔː.dən] |
Jordan | Amman | Amman |
Kazakhstan [ˌkæz.ækˈstɑːn] |
Kazakhstan | Astana [əsˈtɑːnə] |
Astana |
Kenya | Kenya | Nairobi | Nairobi |
Kuwait | Kuwait | Kuwait City | El Kuwait |
laos | Laos | Vientiane | Vientiane |
Latvia | Latvia | Riga | Riga |
lebanon | Lebanon | Beirut | Beirut |
Libya | Libya | Tripoli | Tripoli |
Liechtenstein [ˈlɪk.tən.staɪn] |
Liechtenstein | Vaduz | Vaduz |
Lithuania [ˌlɪθ.juˈeɪ.ni.ə] |
Lithuania | Vilnius [ˈvʲɪlʲnʲʊs] |
Vilnius |
Luxembourg | Luxembourg | Luxembourg [ˈlʌksəmbɜːrɡ] |
Luxembourg |
Macedonia [ˌmæs.əˈdəʊ.ni.ə] |
Macedonia | Skopje | Skopje |
Madagascar [ˌmæd.əˈɡæs.kər] |
Madagascar | Antananarivo [ˌæntəˌnænəˈriːvoʊ] |
Antananarivo |
Malawi | Malawi | Lilongwe | Lilongwe |
Malaysia | Malaysia | Kuala Lumpur [ˈkwɑːləˈlʊmpʊər] |
Kuala Lumpur |
Maldives [ˈmɔːl.diːvz] |
Maldives | Male | Male |
Mali | Mali | Bamako | Bamako |
Malta | Malta | Valletta | Valletta |
Mauritania [ˌmɒr.ɪˈteɪ.ni.ə] |
Mauritania | Nouakchott | Nouakchott |
Mauritius | Mauritius | Port Louis | Port Louis |
Mexico [ˈmek.sɪ.kəʊ] |
Mexico | mexico city [ˈmek.sɪ.kəʊ siti] |
mexico city |
Moldova | Moldova | Chisinau | Kishinev |
Monaco [ˈmɒn.ə.kəʊ] |
Monaco | Monaco | Monaco |
Mongolia | Mongolia | Ulaanbaatar | Ulaanbaatar |
Montenegro [ˌmɒn.tɪˈniː.ɡrəʊ] |
Montenegro | Podgorica [ˈpɒdɡəriːtsə] |
Podgorica |
Morocco | Morocco | Rabat | Rabat |
Mozambique [ˌməʊ.zæmˈbiːk] |
Mozambique | Maputo | Maputo |
Namibia | Namibia | Windhoek | Windhoek |
Nepal | Nepal | Kathmandu [ˌkɑːtmɑːnˈduː] |
Kathmandu |
Netherlands, the ( see Holland) [ˈneð.ɚ.ləndz] |
Netherlands, Holland | Amsterdam [ˈæmstrərdæm] |
Amsterdam |
New Zealand [ˌnjuː ˈziː.lənd] |
New Zealand | Wellington [ˈwɛlɪŋtən] |
Wellington |
Nicaragua | Nicaragua | Managua | Managua |
Nigeria | Niger | Niamey | Niamey |
Nigeria | Nigeria | Abuja | Abuja |
North Korea [ˌnɔːθ kəˈriː.ə] |
North Korea | Pyongyang [ˈpjɒŋˈjæŋ] |
Pyongyang |
Norway | Norway | Oslo | Oslo |
Pakistan [ˌpɑː.kɪˈstɑːn] |
Pakistan | Islamabad [ɪzˈlɑːməˌbɑːd] |
Islambad |
Panama [ˈpæn.ə.mɑː] |
Panama | panama city | Panama |
Papua New Guinea | Papua New Guinea | Port Moresby [ˌpɔərt ˈmɔərzbi] |
Port Moresby |
Paraguay [ˈpær.ə.ɡwaɪ] |
Paraguay | Asuncion | Asuncion |
Peru | Peru | Lima | Lima |
the Philippines [ˈfɪl.ɪ.piːnz] |
Philippines | Manila | Manila |
Poland [ˈpəʊ.lənd] |
Poland | Warsaw | Warsaw |
Portugal [ˈpɔː.tʃə.ɡəl] |
Portugal | Lisbon | Lisbon |
Qatar | Qatar | Doha | Doha |
Romania | Romania | Bucharest [ˈbjuːkərɛst] |
Bucharest |
Russia | Russia | Moscow | Moscow |
Rwanda | Rwanda | Kigali | Kigali |
Saudi Arabia [ˌsaʊ.di əˈreɪ.bi.ə] |
Saudi Arabia | Riyadh | Riyadh |
Scotland [ˈskɒt.lənd] |
Scotland | Edinburgh [ˈɛdɪnbərə] |
Edinburgh |
Senegal [ˌsen.ɪˈɡɔːl] |
Senegal | Dakar [dɑːˈkɑːr] |
Dakar |
Serbia | Serbia | Belgrade [ˈbɛlɡreɪd] |
Belgrade |
Seychelles, the | Seychelles | Victoria | Victoria |
Sierra Leone | Sierra Leone | Freetown | Freetown |
Singapore [ˈsɪŋɡəpɔːr] |
Singapore | Singapore [ˈsɪŋɡəpɔːr] |
Singapore |
Slovakia | Slovakia | Bratislava [ˌbrætᵻˈslɑːvə] |
Bratislava |
Slovenia | Slovenia | Ljubljana | Ljubljana |
Somalia | Somalia | Mogadishu | Mogadishu |
South Africa [ˌsaʊθ ˈæf.rɪ.kə] |
Republic of South Africa | Pretoria | Pretoria |
South Korea [ˌsaʊθ kəˈriː.ə] |
South Korea | Seoul | Seoul |
Spain | Spain | Madrid | Madrid |
Sri Lanka [ˌsriː ˈlæŋ.kə] |
Sri Lanka | Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte | Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte |
Sudan | Sudan | Khartoum | Khartoum |
Suriname [ˌsʊə.rɪˈnæm] |
Suriname | Paramaribo [ˌpaːraːˈmaːriboː] |
Paramaribo |
Swaziland [ˈswɑː.zi.lænd] |
Swaziland | Mbabane [(əm)bɑˈbɑn(i)] | Mbabane |
Sweden | Sweden | Stockholm | Stockholm |
Switzerland [ˈswɪt.sə.lənd] |
Switzerland | Bern | Berne |
Syria | Syria | Damascus | Damascus |
Taiwan | Taiwan | Taipei | Taipei |
Tajikistan | Tajikistan | Dushanbe | Dushanbe |
Tanzania [ˌtæn.zəˈniː.ə] |
Tanzania | Dodoma | Dodoma |
Thailand [ˈtaɪ.lænd] |
Thailand | Bangkok | Bangkok |
Togo [ˈtəʊ.ɡəʊ] |
Togo | Lome | Lome |
Trinidad and Tobago [ˌtrɪn.ɪ.dæd ənd təˈbeɪ.ɡəʊ] |
Trinidad and Tobago | Port of Spain | Port of Spain |
Tunisia [ˈtʃuː.nɪz.i.ə] |
Tunisia | Tunisia | Tunisia |
Turkey | Turkey | Ankara | Ankara |
Turkmenistan [ˌtɜːkˌmen.ɪˈstɑːn] |
Turkmenistan | Ashgabat | Ashgabat |
Tuvalu | Tuvalu | funafuti | funafuti |
Uganda | Uganda | Kampala | Kampala |
Ukraine | Ukraine | Kiev | Kyiv |
United Arab Emirates (UAE) | United Arab Emirates | Abu Dhabi [ˈɑːbuː ˈdɑːbi] |
Abu Dhabi |
United Kingdom (UK) | United Kingdom | London | London |
United States of America (USA) [ˌjʊ.naɪ.tɪd ˌsteɪts əv əˈmer.ɪ.kə] |
United States of America | Washington, D.C. [ˌwɒʃ.ɪŋ.tən] |
Washington |
Uruguay [ˈjʊə.rə.ɡwaɪ] |
Uruguay | Montevideo | Montevideo |
Uzbekistan [ʊzˌbek.ɪˈstɑːn] |
Uzbekistan | Tashkent [ˌtæʃˈkɛnt] |
Tashkent |
Vatican City [ˌvæt.ɪ.kən ˈsɪt.i] |
Vatican | Vatican City | Vatican |
Venezuela [ˌven.ɪˈzweɪ.lə] |
Venezuela | Caracas | Caracas |
Vietnam | Vietnam | Hanoi | Hanoi |
Wales | Wales | Cardiff | Cardiff |
Yemen | Yemen | Sana'a | Sana'a |
Zambia | Zambia | Lusaka | Lusaka |
Zimbabwe | Zimbabwe | Harare | Harare |
Major languages and adjective denoting belonging to a country
Main language languages of the country in English | Main language languages of the country in Russian | adjective in english | Adjective in Russian |
Dari | Pashto, give | Afghanistan | Afghan |
Albanian [ælˈbeɪniən] |
Albanian | Albanian | Albanian |
Arabic | Arab | Algerian [ælˈdʒɪə.ri.ən] |
Algerian |
Catalan | Catalan | Andorran [ænˈdɔːrən] |
Andorran |
Portuguese | Portuguese | Angolan [æŋˈɡoʊlən] |
Angolan |
Spanish | Spanish | Argentinian [ɑːrdʒənˈtiːniən] |
Argentinean |
Armenian [ɑːrˈmiːniən] |
Armenian | Armenian | Armenian |
English | English | Australian | Australian |
German | Deutsch | Austrian | Austrian |
Azerbaijani [ˌæz.ə.baɪˈdʒɑːni] |
Azerbaijani | Azerbaijan [ˌæz.ə.baɪˈdʒɑːnian] |
Azerbaijani |
English | English | Bahamian | Bahamian |
Arabic | Arab | Bahraini | Bahraini |
Bangla | Bengal | Bangladeshi | Bangladeshi |
Bajan | Baijan, English | Barbadian | Barbadian |
Belorussian [ˌbel.əˈruːs] |
Belarusian, Russian | Belarusian or Belarusian | Belorussian |
French | French | Belgian | Belgian |
Dzongkha | Dzongkha (bhotiya) | Bhutanese | Bhutanese |
Spanish | Spanish, Aymara, Quechua | Bolivian | Bolivian |
Bosnian | Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian | Bosnian | Bosnian |
Tswana | English, Tswana | Botswanan | Botsavan |
Portuguese | Portuguese | Brazilian | Brazilian |
English | English | british | British |
Bulgarian | Bulgarian | Bulgarian | Bulgarian |
Burmese | Burmese | Burmese | Burmese |
Kirundi and French | Kirundi, French | Burundian | Burundian |
Khmer | Khmer | Cambodian | Cambodian |
French | French, English | cameroonian | Cameroonian |
French | French, English | Canadian | Canadian |
Portuguese | Portuguese | Cape Verdean | Cape Verdi |
French | French, Arabic | Chadian | Chadian |
Spanish | Spanish | Chilean | Chilean |
Standard Chinese | Chinese | Chinese | Chinese |
Spanish | Spanish | Colombian | Colombian |
French | French | Congolese | Congo |
Spanish | Spanish | Costa Rican | Costa Rican |
Croatian | Croatian | Croat or Croatian | Croatian |
Spanish | Spanish | Cuban | Cuban |
Greek | Greek, Turkish | Cypriot | Cypriot |
Czech | Czech | Czech | Czech |
Danish | Danish | Danish | Danish |
Spanish | Spanish | Dominican | Dominican |
Spanish | Spanish | ecuadorean | Ecuadorian |
Arabic | Arab | Egyptian | Egyptian |
Spanish | Spanish | Salvadorean | Elsalvadoran |
English | English | English | English |
Tigrinya | Tigrinya, Arabic | Eritrean | Eritrean |
Estonian | Estonian | Estonian | Estonian |
Amharic | Amharic | Ethiopian | Ethiopian |
English | English | Fijian | Fijian |
Finnish | Finnish | Finnish | Finnish |
French | French | French | French |
French | French | Gabonese | Gabonese |
English | English | Gambian | Gambian |
Georgian | Georgian | Georgian | Georgian |
German | Deutsch | German | Deutsch |
English | English | Ghanaian | Ghanaian |
Greek | Greek | Greek | Greek |
English | English | Grenadian | Grenadian |
Spanish | Spanish | Guatemalan | Guatemalan |
French | French | Guinean | Guinean |
English | English | Guyanese | Guyanese |
French | French | haitian | Haitian |
Dutch | Dutch | Dutch | Dutch |
Spanish | Spanish | Honduran | Honduran |
Magyar (Hungarian) | Hungarian | Hungarian | Hungarian |
Icelandic | Icelandic | Icelandic | Icelandic |
Hindi English | Hindi, English | Indian | Indian |
Bahasa Indonesia | Indonesian | Indonesian | Indonesian |
Persian | Persian | Iranian | Iranian |
Arabic | Arabic, Kurdish | Iraqi | Iraqi |
English, Irish (Gaelic) | Irish, English | Irish | Irish |
Italian | Italian | Italian | Italian |
English | English | Jamaican | Jamaican |
Japanese | Japanese | Japanese | Japanese |
Arabic | Arab | Jordanian | Jordan |
Kazakh | Kazakh | Kazakh | Kazakh |
English | Swahili, English | Kenyan | Kenyan |
Arabic | Arab | Kuwaiti | Kuwaiti |
Lao | Laotian | Laotian | Laotian |
Latvian | Latvian | Latvian | Latvian |
Arabic | Arab | Lebanese | Lebanese |
Arabic | Arab | Libyan | Libyan |
German | Deutsch | — | Liechtenstein |
Lithuanian | Lithuanian | Lithuanian | Lithuanian |
Luxermbourgish | German, French | Luxermbourgish | Luxembourgish |
Macedonian | Macedonian | Macedonian | Macedonian |
Malagasy and French | Malagasy, French | Malagasy or Madagascan | Madagascar |
Chichewa | English, Chichewa | Malawian | Malawian |
Bahasa Melayu | Malaysian | Malaysian | Malaysian |
Maldivian Dhivehi | Maldivian (dhivehi) | Maldivian | Maldivian |
French | French | Malian | Malian |
French | Maltese, English | Maltese | Maltese |
Hassaniya Arabic | Arab | Mauritanian | Mauritanian |
English | English | Mauritian | Mauritian |
Spanish | Spanish | Mexican | Mexican |
Moldovan | Moldavian | Moldovan | Moldavian |
French | French | Monegasque or Monacan | Monegasque |
Mongolian | Mongolian | Mongolian | Mongolian |
Serbian Montenegrin | Serbian | Montenegrin | Montenegrin |
Arabic | Arab | Moroccan | Moroccan |
Portuguese | Portuguese | Mozambican | Mozambican |
English | English | Namibian | Namibian |
Nepali | Nepal | Nepalese | Nepali |
Dutch, Frisian | Dutch | Dutch | Dutch |
English | English | New Zealand (used attributively only, as in New Zealand butter but not He is New Zealand) | New Zealand |
Spanish | Spanish | Nicaraguan | Nicaraguan |
French | French | Nigerien | nigerian |
Spanish | English | Nigerian | Nigerian |
Korean | Korean | North Korean | North Korean |
Norwegian | Norwegian | Norwegian | Norwegian |
Urdu | English, Urdu | Pakistani | Pakistani |
Spanish | Spanish | Panamanian | Panamanian |
English | English | Papua New Guinean or Guinean | Guinean |
Spanish, Guarani | Spanish, Guarani | Paraguayan | Paraguayan |
Spanish Quechua | Spanish, Aymara, Quechua | Peruvian | Peruvian |
Filipino | English, Tagalog | Philippine | Philippine |
Polish | Polish | Polish | Polish |
Portuguese | Portuguese | Portuguese | Portuguese |
Arabic | Arab | Qatari | Qatari |
Romanian | Romanian | Romanian | Romanian |
Russian | Russian | Russian | Russian, Russian |
English and French | English French | Rwandan | Rwandan |
Arabic | Arab | Saudi Arabian or Saudi | Arabian |
Scottish | Scottish | Scottish | Scottish |
Scottish | French | Senegalese | Senegalese |
Serbian | Serbian | Serb or Serbian | Serbian |
Seselwa Creole | English, Creole, | Seychellois | Seychelles |
English | English | Sierra Leonian | Leonese |
Malay | Malay, English, | Singaporean | Singaporean |
Slovak | Slovak | Slovak | Slovak |
Slovenian | Slovenian | Slovene or Slovenian | Slovenian |
Somalia | Somali, Arabic | Somalia | Somali |
Africanans | English, Afrikaans | South Africa | South African |
Korean | Korean | South Korean | South Korean |
Spanish | Spanish | Spanish | Spanish |
Sinhala | Sinhalese, Tamil | Sri Lankan | Sri Lankan |
Arabic | Arab | Sudanese | Sudanese |
Dutch | Dutch | Surinamese | Surinamese |
English | English, Swazi | Swazi | Swazi |
Swedish | Swedish | Swedish | Swedish |
German French Italian Romansch | German, French, Italian, Romansh | Swiss | Swiss |
Arabic | Arab | Syrian | Syrian |
Chinese | Chinese | Taiwanese | Taiwanese |
Tajik | Tajik | Tajik or Tajik | Tajik |
Swahili English | Swahili, English | Tanzanian | Tanzanian |
Thai | Thai | Thai | Thai |
French | French | Togolese | Togsky |
English | English | Trinidadian Tobagan Tobagonian |
Trinidadian |
Arabic | Arab | Tunisian | Tunisian |
Turkish | Turkish | Turkish | Turkish |
Turkish | Turkmen | Turkmen or Turkoman | Turkmen |
English | English | Tuvaluan | Tuvalian |
English | English | Ugandan | Ugandan |
Ukrainian | Ukrainian | Ukrainian | Ukrainian |
Arabic | Arab | UAE or Emirates | Arab |
English | English | UK (used attributively only, as in UK time but not He is UK) or british | — |
English | English | US (used attributively only, as in US aggression but not He is US) | American |
Spanish | Spanish | Uruguayan | Uruguayan |
Uzbek | Uzbek | Uzbek | Uzbek |
Italian Latin | Latin, Italian | — | Vatican |
Spanish | Spanish | Venezuelan | Venezuelan |
Vietnamese | Vietnamese | Vietnamese | Vietnamese |
Welsh | Welsh | Welsh | Welsh |
Arabic | Arab | Yemeni | Yemeni |
English | English | Zambian | Zambian |
English | English | Zimbabwean | Zimbabwean |
Nationalities and names of inhabitants
Nationality name in English | Name of nationality in Russian | Resident's name in English | Resident's name in Russian |
the Afghanistan | Afghans | an Afghanistan | Afghan |
the Albanian | Albanians | an Albanian | Albanian |
the Algerian | Algerians | an Algerian | Algerian |
the Andorran | Andorrans | an Andorran | Andorran |
the Angolan | Angolans | an Angolan | Angolan |
the Argentinian | Argentines | an Argentinian | Argentine |
the Armenian | Armenians | an Armenian | Armenian |
the Australian | Australians | an Australian | Australian |
the Austrian | Austrians | an Austrian | Austrian |
the Azerbaijani | Azerbaijanis | an Azerbaijani | Azerbaijani |
the Bahamian | Bahamians | a Bahamian | Bahamian |
the Bahraini | Bahrainis | a Bahraini | Bahraini |
the Bangladeshi | Bangladeshis | a Bangladeshi | Bangladeshi |
the Barbadian | Barbadians | a Barbadian | Barbadian |
the Belarusian or the Belarusian | Belarusians | a Belarusian or a Belarusian | Belarusian |
the Belgian | Belgians | a Belgian | Belgian |
the Bhutanese | Bhutanese | a Bhutanese | Bhutanese |
the Bolivian | Bolivians | a Bolivian | Bolivian |
the Bosnian | Bosnians | a Bosnian | Bosnian |
the Tswana | Botsavans | a Tswana | Botswana |
the Brazilian | Brazilians | a Brazilian | Brazilian |
the Briton | British | a Briton | British |
the Bulgarian | Bulgarians | a Bulgarian | Bulgarian |
the Burmese | Burmese | a Burmese | Burmese |
the Burundian | Burundians | a Burundian | Burundian |
the Cambodian | Cambodians | a Cambodian | Cambodian |
the Cameroonian | Cameroonians | a Cameroonian | Cameroonian |
the Canadian | Canadians | a Canadian | Canadian |
the Cape Verdean | Inhabitants of Cape Verde | a Cape Verdean | Inhabitant of Cape Verde |
the Chadian | Inhabitant of Chad | a Chadian | Inhabitant of Chad |
the Chilean | Chileans | a Chilean | Chilean |
the Chinese | Chinese | a Chinese | Chinese |
the Colombian | Colombians | a Colombian | Colombian |
the Congolese | Inhabitants of the Congo | a Congolese | Inhabitant of the Congo |
the Costa Rican | Costa Ricans | a Costa Rican | Costa Rican |
the Croat or the Croatian | Croatians | a Croat or a Croatian | Croat |
the Cuban | Cubans | a Cuban | Cuban |
the Cypriot | Inhabitants of Cyprus | a Cypriot | Cypriot |
the Czech | Czechs | a Czech | Czech |
the Dane | Danes | a Dane | Dane |
the Dominican | Dominicans | a Dominican | Dominican |
the Ecuadorean | Ecuadorians | an Ecuadorian | Ecuadorian |
the Egyptian | Egyptians | an Egyptian | Egyptian |
the Salvadorean | Inhabitants of El Salvador | a Salvadorean | Inhabitant of El Salvador |
the English | English | an Englishman, an Englishwoman | Englishman |
an Eritrean | Eritreans | an Eritrean | Eritrean |
the Estonian | Estonians | an Estonian | Estonian |
the Ethiopian | Eithels of Ethiopia | an Ethiopian | Ethiopian |
the Fijian | Inhabitants of Fiji | the Fijian | Fijian |
the Finn | Finns | a Finn | Finn |
the Frenchmen | French people | a Frenchman, a Frenchwoman | Frenchman |
the Gabonese | Gabonese | a Gabonese | Gabonese |
the Gambian | Gambians | a Gambian | Gambian |
the Georgian | Georgians | a Georgian | Georgian |
the German | Germans | a German | German |
the Ghanaian | Inhabitants of Ghana | a Ghanaian | Ghanaian |
the Greek | Greeks | a Greek | Greek |
the Grenadian | Inhabitants of Grenada | a Grenadian | grenadier |
the Guatemalan | Guatemalans | a Guatemalan | Guatemalan |
the Guinean | Guineans | a Guinean | Guinean |
the Guyanese | Guyanese | a Guyanese | Guyanese |
the haitian | Haitians | a Haitian | Haitian |
the dutchmen | Dutch | a Dutchman, a Dutchwoman | Dutchman |
the Honduran | Inhabitants of Honduras | a Honduran | Honduran |
the Hungarian | Hungarians | a Hungarian | Hungarian |
the Icelander | Icelanders | an Icelander | Icelander |
the Indian | Indians | an Indian | Indian |
the Indonesian | Indonesians | an Indonesian | Indonesian |
the Iranian | Iranians | an Iranian | Iranian |
the Iraqi | Iraqis | an Iraqi | Iraqi |
the Irishmen | Irish | an Irishman, an Irishwoman | Irishman |
the Italian | Italians | an Italian | Italian |
the Jamaican | Jamaicans | a Jamaican | Jamaican |
the Japanese | Japanese | a Japanese | Japanese |
the Jordanian | Jordanians | a Jordanian | Jordanian |
the Kazakh | Kazakhs | a Kazakh | Kazakh |
the Kenyan | Kenyans | a Kenyan | Kenyan |
the Kuwaiti | Inhabitants of Kuwait | a Kuwaiti | Kuwaiti |
the Laotian | Laotians | a Laotian | Laotian |
the Latvian | Latvians | a Latvian | Latvian |
the Lebanese | Lebanese | a Lebanese | Lebanese |
the Libyan | Libyans | a Libyan | Libyan |
the Liechtensteiner | Inhabitants of Liechtenstein | a Liechtensteiner | Inhabitant of Liechtenstein |
the Lithuanian | Lithuanians | a Lithuanian | Lithuanian |
the Luxembourger | Luxembourgers | a Luxembourger | Luxembourger |
the Macedonian | Macedonians | a Macedonian | Macedonian |
the Malagasy or the Madagascan | Madagascans | a Malagasy or a Madagascan | Madagascar |
the Malawian | Malawians | a Malawian | Malawian |
the Malaysian | Malaysians | a Malaysian | Malaysian |
the Maldivian | Inhabitants of the Maldives | a Maldivian | Inhabitant of the Maldives |
the Malian | Malians | a Malian | Malian |
the Maltese | Maltese | a Maltese | Maltese |
the Mauritanian | Mauritanians | a Mauritanian | Mauritanian |
the Mauritian | Mauritians | a Mauritian | Mauritian |
the Mexican | Mexicans | a Mexican | Mexican |
the Moldovan | Moldovans | a Moldovan | Moldavian |
the Monegasque or the Monacan | Inhabitants of Monaco | a Monegasque or a Monacan | Inhabitant of Monaco |
the Mongolian | Mongols | a Mongolian | Mongol |
the Montenegrin | Montenegrins | a Montenegrin | Montenegrin |
the Moroccan | Moroccans | a Moroccan | Moroccan |
the Mozambican | Mozambicans | a Mozambican | Mozambique |
the Namibian | Namibians | a Namibian | Namibian |
the Nepalese | Nepalese | a Nepalese | Nepalese |
the dutchmen or the Netherlanders | Dutch | a Dutchman, a Dutchwoman, or a Netherlander | Dutchman |
the New Zealander | New Zealanders | a New Zealander | New Zealander |
the Nicaraguan | Inhabitants of Nicaragua | a Nicaraguan | Nicaraguan |
the Nigerien | Inhabitants of Niger | a Nigerian | nigerian |
the Nigerian | Nigerians | a Nigerian | Nigerian |
the North Korean | Koreans | a North Korean | Korean |
the Norwegian | Norse | a Norwegian | Norwegian |
the Pakistani | Pakistanis | a Pakistani | Pakistani |
the Panamanian | Panamanians | a Panamanian | Panamanian |
the Papua New Guinean or the Guinean | Guineans | a Papua New Guinean or a Guinean | Guinean |
the Paraguayan | Paraguayans | a Paraguayan | Paraguayan |
the Peruvian | Inhabitants of Peru | a Peruvian | Peruvian |
the Filipino | Filipinos | a Filipino | Filipino |
the Pole | Poles | a Pole | Pole |
the Portuguese | Portuguese | a Portuguese | Portuguese |
the Qatari | Qataris | a Qatari | Qatari |
the Romanian | Romanians | a Romanian | Romanian |
the Russian | Russians | a Russian | Russian |
the Rwandan | Rwandans | a Rwandan | Rwandan |
Saudi Arabian or the Saudi | Arabians | a Saudi Arabian or a Saudi | Arabian |
the Scot | Scots | a Scot | Scot |
the Senegalese | Senegalese | a Senegalese | Senegalese |
the Serb or the Serbian | Serbs | a Serb or a Serbian | Serb |
the Seychellois | Seychelles | A Seychellois | Seychellois |
the Sierra Leonian | Leonese | the Sierra Leonian | Leonets |
the Singaporean | Inhabitants of Singapore | a Singaporean | Singaporean |
the Slovak | Slovaks | a Slovak | Slovak |
the Slovene or the Slovenian | Slovenians | a Slovene or the Slovenian | Slovenian |
the Somali | Somalis | a Somali | Somali |
the South African | South Africans | a South African | South African |
the South Korean | Koreans | A South Korean | Korean |
the Spaniard | Spaniards | A Spaniard | Hispanic |
the Sri Lankan | Inhabitants of Sri Lanka | a Sri Lankan | Sri Lankan |
the Sudanese | Sudanese | A Sudanese | Sudanese |
the Surinamer or the Surinamese | Surinamese | a Surinamer or a Surinamese | Surinamese |
the Swazi | Swazis | a Swazi | Swazi |
the swede | swedes | A swede | Swede |
the Swiss | Swiss | a Swiss | Swiss |
the Syrian | Syrians | a Syrian | Syrian |
the Taiwanese | Taiwanese | a Taiwanese | Taiwanese |
the Tajik or the Tajik | Tajikistan | a Tajik or the Tajik | Tajik |
the Tanzanian | Tanzanians | a Tanzanian | Tanzanian |
the Thai | Thais | a Thai | Thai |
the Togolese | Inhabitants of Togo | a Togolese | Togo |
the Trinidadian the Tobagan the Tobagonian |
Inhabitants of Trinidad and Tobago | a Trinidadian a Tobagan a Tobagonian |
Inhabitant of Trinidad and Tobago |
the Tunisian | Tunisians | a Tunisian | Tunisian |
the Turk | Turks | a Turk | Turk |
the Turkmen | Turkmen people | a Turkmen or a Turkoman | Turkmen |
the Tuvaluan | Inhabitants of Tuvalu | a Tuvaluan | Tuvaluan |
the Ugandan | Ugandans | a Ugandan | Ugandan |
the Ukrainian | Ukrainians | a Ukrainian | Ukrainian |
the Emirates | Arabs | an Emirati | Arab |
the Briton | Residents of the United Kingdom | a Briton | United Kingdom Resident |
the US citizens | Americans | a US citizen | American |
the Uruguayan | Uruguayans | a Uruguayan | Uruguayan |
the Uzbek | Uzbeks | an Uzbek | Uzbek |
— | Vaticans | — | Vatican |
the Venezuelan | Venezuelans | a Venezuelan | Venezuelan |
the Vietnamese | Vietnamese | A Vietnamese | Vietnamese |
the Welshmen | Inhabitants of Wales | A Welshman, a Welshwoman | Welshman |
the Yemeni | Inhabitants of Yemen | a Yemeni | Yemeni |
the Zambian | Zambians | a Zambian | Zabmian |
the Zimbabwean | Inhabitants of Zimbabwe | A Zimbabwean | Zimbabwean |