The secret wisdom of the human body Zalman audio. Alexander Zalmanov - the secret wisdom of the human body

Each living molecule is a functional association of atoms capable, on the one hand, of stimulating attraction or repulsion, and on the other, of connecting with other molecules.

The totality of enzymes is a huge laboratory, which constantly generates interactions of particles of the order of a millionth or a billionth of a millimeter; life triumphs, dominates, orders this tiny chaos, organizing an inexorable and wisdom-filled order, preserving the structure of cells, tissues, organs, regulating a constant temperature, blood circulation, excretion.

The ideas of modern biochemistry, physiology, and pharmacology will remain mere dreams if it is imagined that they can, by their own means, change the majestic stream of life. Life avoids rude, arrhythmic, uncontrollable explosions. Little changes, little chemical reactions at a moderate temperature they give the body a resistance stronger than steel and are guided with a precision and subtlety not characteristic of the termite technique. This is the "great wisdom of the organism" (Cannon).
Physicians can do much to preserve and prolong life if they always respect this "wisdom of the body."

There are countless treasures in the old house of classical medicine. But these treasures are scattered in cellars and attics, forgotten, left unattended, covered with dust. To discover these precious bits of knowledge, to make a selection, one must be armed with guiding ideas, a doctrinal sieve to sift out valuable bits.

A pile of marble is not yet a statue. A heap of impressions is not yet a thought. The whiteness of the marble and its purity are necessary to make a good statue. Impartiality, clarity of impressions are necessary for the thought to be clear and strict.

The time will come when biologists, physiologists, doctors, expanding their imperfect optics, will learn with admiration the wisdom of an organism so fragile and at the same time so capable of resistance. A deep understanding of the wisdom of life will penetrate philosophy and science.

Living matter is characterized by the fact that many infinitesimal units (colloidal micelles) have an extremely large surface in relation to the volume of the human body. The mass of colloidal substances in the cytoplasm of the human body is 5 kg in dry form. Since the average size of micelles in the cytoplasm is about 5 millionths of a millimeter, the surface represented by the micelles of the whole body is certainly not less than 2,000,000 m, i.e. 200 ha (Policard, 1944). 100,000 km of capillaries per 200 hectares of living surface! The importance of capillary blood supply is obvious. Carrel (Carrel, 1927), taking into account the amount of nutrient fluid needed to maintain tissue in culture, calculated that the human body's need for blood and lymph is 200,000 liters per day.
Infinitely small, but wonderfully used means, the human body completely irrigates the human body with 5 liters of blood, 2 liters of lymph, 28 liters of extracellular and intracellular fluid.

From an energetic point of view, work productivity is the result of two factors: intensity and capacity (volume). The cell mass is negligible - and the intensity factor is limited. But the dimensions of the surfaces give the capacitance factor an unusually high value.

Chapter 1
Life and death
Life cycles

Life cycles are denoted by two poles:

1) constant assimilation or integration, which is the transformation of inert, dead matter into living, dynamic;

2) constant decay or disintegration, which is the transformation of living matter into inert, dead.

Partial death is, as it were, a sure guarantee of the vital integrity of the organism. Only the constant destruction of the contents of cells, tissues, organs and the whole organism guarantees the ongoing restoration of cells, tissues, organs and the whole organism. The slowdown in assimilation causes a quantitative decrease in vitality, i.e. lack of oxygen, lack of plastic substances, energy minerals, hormones, enzymes. The slowing down of secretions leads to qualitative damage - poisoning by the body's own waste products (retention of urea, sodium chloride, water, calcium, bile).

A very dangerous infection has been known for a long time, arising from the penetration into the body of ptomaines - very toxic alkaloids that are formed during cadaveric decomposition. Millions and millions of cellular microcorpses arise every moment in the human body. They leave the arterial loops of the blood capillaries, penetrate into the intercellular fluids, into the lymphatic capillaries, into the portal vein network, into the blood, lymphatic and bile capillaries of the liver, and also into the brain. Despite numerous opportunities to accumulate and get stuck in various areas of the body, however, they undergo decay, are removed without harm to the body, provided that the body is not tired.

For a well-balanced organism that breathes well, is well irrigated with blood, for an organism that has a normal excretion - a system of well-arranged sewage pipes - the invasion of poisonous ptomains does not pose any danger. Such an organism is in a state of desensitization, complete neutralization. An army of living cells is able to multiply and support life in all its manifestations and countless variations. From this point of view, biology approaches modern nuclear physics: the condensation of colossal energy in a very small mass of matter is inherent in both.

In every living plant and animal organism, a surface is enclosed in a relatively limited volume of enormous dimensions. The atom is condensed energy. The release of atomic energy can produce an explosion, destruction. The compressed space, the huge surfaces enclosed in our body, contain a significant amount of energy in each tiny point. But the stretch of surfaces is enormous. The maximum of space with a minimum of energy at each point is a characteristic of life evolution. When there is a maximum of energy in an infinitely small space, there is a danger of destruction. The accumulation of material force in a small space contains the threat of an explosion. The distribution of material force among the masses gives peace, gives life.

In the embryonic period, from the moment the circulatory organs (heart and blood vessels) appear, microbes introduced by the mother's blood begin to take root, and despite this, intrauterine diseases of the fetus are extremely rare. The symbiosis of the animal organism with microbes is, no doubt, just as necessary for the prolongation of life as the symbiosis of microbes and fungi is for the life of plants. Animals such as cats and dogs that have not been subjected to dozens of preventive (safety, prophylactic) vaccinations do not know the flu and only very rarely get pneumonia at a young age.

The view that a group of antigens attacks a "sterile" organism, and that organism retaliates against the enemy with an army of antibodies, becomes erroneous if it is recognized that the so-called sterile life exists only in far-fetched abstract theories.

The eternal death of cells is just as necessary for the animal organism as the fall of flowers and leaves is for trees. The cells remaining after death, as well as liquid tissues (blood and lymph with their moving cells - erythrocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes) and an infinite number of enzymes decompose, purify, and continuously neutralize the ptomains generated by the protein fragments of the decay of dead cells. Without aggressive germs, this vigilance can be lulled.

Vital energy

Life energy with a predetermined orientation of molecules, with the formation of molecular chains, with the dynamism of the reproduction of cells and species, with the ability to self-repair, with the possibility of rational planning, with its miraculous ability to turn the movement of the contents of the cell into cellular "psychism" and flow nerve impulses in the brain, i.e. into thought, creation, art, science, will, desire, into a diverse and multicolored active psychism - this vital energy must be outside the energy forms hidden in inanimate matter. It is impossible to order, it is impossible to counteract the energy of life.

If one wants to change the flow of vital energy to some extent, whether in agronomy, horticulture, biology or medicine, one must approach it with infinite respect, with the delicacy of a watchmaker, with irrefutable logic, sharpened vigilance of hand, eye and ear, with constant self-control of every place, every observation. Neither biologists nor doctors have the possibility of increasing the vital energy even by one erg. They can only, like gardeners, remove obstacles that threaten the flourishing of vital energy.

Restoring the freedom of oxygen flow, clearing the blocked fluid flows, a climate is created in the body in which the released vital energy will turn into thought, into creation.

Energy balance

Instead of raising the energy balance in the diseased organism, the modern clinic tries to maintain a hot war against various aggressions, completely neglecting the importance of the organism's energy balance. The level of life of the human body is proportional to the amount of energy.

If the body overcomes all attacks on it, then human health is fully secured. If the energy balance is below average, the body will not be able to resist painful aggressions and will become hopelessly ill. Ignorance of this simple but paramount physiological truth, which the old clinic foresaw, has deprived modern medicine of a guiding idea common to all pathology.

Countless antibiotics against various types of germs and viruses, ultrasound, intravenous injections, dangerously changing the composition of the blood, pneumo- and thoracoplasty, amputation of parts of the lung - are considered as great achievements in therapy.

A blind, inhuman chemical-physical technology has been created without any respect for the integrity and inviolability of the poor organism.

Is medicine, plunged into insane optimism, finally ready to follow the path of such schizophrenic destruction? Medicine that cripples must give way to medicine that seeks to increase energy balance.

Age is a mirror of disease

In France there are currently (60s) 6,500,000 inhabitants over 60 years of age. Statistics show that in France in 1945 there was one person over the age of 60 per 3.4 inhabitants, respectively, in the USA in 1940 - one per 5.3, in Belgium - one per 3.9.

In the extremely impoverished world after the two world wars of our century, the interests of states, the interests of nations, urgently demand that the elderly be able to earn a living, instead of being an unproductive burden on society. The states face the problem of increasing the working capacity of older people, the problem of postponing the retirement age. Why should millions and millions of older people vegetate on their meager allowances as their only source of livelihood, or live on so-called savings that are practically non-existent?

In France in 1948 there were 138,000 hospital beds, of which 75,000 were for the elderly. How ridiculous is this figure when you think of the 6.5 million inhabitants over 60 years old. Every effort, every suggestion to preserve and increase the activity of these economic pariahs must be closely studied by governments, sociologists, economists and, above all, physicians. The elderly person should be considered not as a soldier, an official, a worker, a taxpayer, not as a nameless number, a statistical unit, but as a being with a diseased body and soul without illusions.

You have to die at 90. It is necessary to preserve social value, human dignity to the last breath. We must give the old man the opportunity to earn; for the state and for taxpayers, this is the healthiest economy; for an old man, this is the only possible life worth living for.

Let us now consider this problem from the point of view of the physiologist and the physician. Let's balance the creative forces of our poor human machine and try to find the most effective and least expensive solutions. First of all, old age means increasing fatigue. Calcium in combination with phosphates and carbonic salts moves from bones, from organs where it is useful, to organs where it is harmful, resulting in senile osteomalacia, senile osteoporosis, hyperostosis, deforming rheumatism, bone fragility, senile fractures that do not heal.

The released and wandering calcium is deposited in tendons, ligaments and other organs. Often there is the formation of periarticular nodes, leading to compaction of the spine. The skin becomes dry and loses its elasticity. All surgeons know the slow healing of postoperative wounds in the elderly, the inability to transplant them.

According to Carrel, the speed of healing of wounds is proportional to the degree of cell reproduction. Healing occurs faster in children than in adolescents, faster in a young person than in an old person. The degree of cell reproduction is the true measure of the degree of aging.

So, secondly, we can say that the histophysiological substrate of old age is cellular aging. Is it possible to influence such cellular decrepitude, is it possible to stop it, is it possible to achieve cellular rejuvenation? Modern physiology and clinics are skeptical and reserved about these issues, especially after the attempts of rejuvenation undertaken by Brown-Sekar, Steinakh, Voronov, Bogomolets. This skepticism is quite justified, especially if we think about the role of capillaries that carry nutrients in their arterial loops to each cell (oxygen, amino acids, glucose, electrolytes, vitamins), and about metabolites, products of cellular metabolism that are removed from the body by venous capillary loops.

If the capillaries around the parenchymal cells are blocked, then there is no influx of nutrients; the accumulation of metabolites interferes with the work of cells and reduces or even stops the exchange between micelles. Here is the histophysiological substrate of cellular aging.

Why does this phenomenon occur? They talk about self-combustion of cells, they talk about fatty, mucous, pigmented degeneration and replacement with connective tissue. Fatty degeneration is localized mainly in organs and areas of the body that are poorly irrigated with blood, poorly nourished, and spreads in case of anoxemia.

When a cell has fulfilled its role as a producer of digestible micelloids, it dies, giving way to a younger cell. All metabolites of these colloidal micelles enter the bloodstream and are excreted through the liver, kidneys, skin, but if there are too many of them, they are released into extracellular fluids. It can be assumed that in 5-7 years all the cells of the human body are renewed at a rate of 5 to 7 billion cells per day (an exception must be made for nerve cells, in which only part of their cytoplasm is able to recover, while nerve cells cannot be renewed entirely for the entire period of its existence). Thus, the enormous role of the intact excretory organs becomes clear: the liver, kidneys, skin, and intestines.

The key to the so-called senile cellular sclerosis, as well as the key to all cellular transformations in general pathology, is the lack of capillary irrigation in the body. Even partially restoring capillary blood circulation, thereby automatically restoring "blood supply in all tissues as a whole. Half-dead cells resume normal metabolism. They are released from toxic metabolic products, from metabolites that clog and suppress cell micelles; cells free from metabolites after that again become capable take in nutrients Cellular enzymes are reactivated, cell life is revived Cellular enzymes are born, live, act and die in a very short period of time For example, the conversion of glucose into carbonic anhydride and water requires at least half a dozen aerobic and anaerobic reactions, but all their chain occurs in the striated muscle in less than 1/10 s.

Rejuvenation of the body begins with the skin, which becomes smooth, elastic and better supplied with blood. The temperature of the skin rises, the movements of the joints become more flexible, the breathing becomes more intense, the peripheral blood circulation is revitalized. An increase in blood supply to the coronary arteries improves myocardial nutrition. The activity of the heart is normalized, the rhythm is restored. The brain, thanks to an improved blood supply, becomes more receptive again, associations become faster and more definite, intellectual and emotional life. Senile numbness, indifference are replaced by an awakened interest in life.

Each breath introduces into the body, especially among residents of large cities, several billion microbes. To destroy them, an additional effort is required from the body. An old man with shallow, poor breathing, with progressive fatigue of the respiratory muscles, is not able to destroy the countless microbes that have entered him. There is senile bronchitis, foci of pneumonia spread, emphysema appears.

The expansion of the pulmonary capillaries, the lumen of the bronchioles and alveoli restores gas exchange, strengthens the muscles of the chest and bronchi, breathing becomes deeper and more intense, the former pale or cyanotic face becomes fresh, acquires a pink tint.

In the elderly, infectious diseases often end fatally, as they develop imperceptibly in a worn out organism; cellular and humoral activity, which could defeat microbial aggression, is greatly reduced. Awakening a cellular reaction through capillary therapy, for example, in the treatment of advanced renal failure, creates conditions in the elderly that allow them to tolerate infectious diseases well and significantly reduce the slow recovery period so characteristic of them.

Speaking of arteriosclerosis, they forget the role of the vaso-vasorum that feeds the walls of the arteries and arterioles. By the use of capillary therapy, these vaso-vasorums are opened and, in most cases, circulatory disorders in elderly patients are avoided.

An elderly person should always remain under medical supervision. Left without sufficient attention, a slight ailment can lead to death.

An old man should rest before he gets tired, not just after he gets tired. "It is rare to find a 75-year-old who is able to work actively," says Charles Richet in his excellent book "The ability to stay young" (Richet, 1959, p. 164). It is not at all rare, if capillary therapy and a small reasonable gerontotherapy are used methodically.

Along with cellular aging, there is humoral aging caused by kidney failure. We are talking about the accumulation of metabolites in extracellular fluids, lymph and blood plasma. To eliminate this humoral aging, extracellular fluids must be freed from excess metabolites. It is possible to purify these fluids with a diet, soda enemas and small doses of diuretics (we never use mercury preparations).

When they talk about old age as a disease, they think first of all about arteriosclerosis, damage to the coronary arteries, damage to the heart valves, a decrease in the elasticity of the arteries, the relative atrophy of their muscle layers, a gradual decrease in arterial contractility, etc., forgetting at the same time about the role of the vase-vasorum. It also does not take into account the fact that organs and large vessels contain only 10% of the amount of circulating blood.

Arteriosclerosis, even in the intraparenchymal branches of the arteries, if it affects tissue nutrition, it is very weak, without causing senile changes in the organ morphology. On the other hand, it is quite logical to fully agree with the opinion of Bastai and Dogliotti (Bastai, Dogliotti, 1938) regarding the role of feeding vessels, i.e. blood and lymph capillaries.

The capillary system proper, in conjunction with the paracapillary (pre- and post-capillary), in a word, the capillary network is so much longer than the arteriovenous network that pathologists should pay more attention to the capillary network when explaining disease processes. Anatomical studies usually do not go beyond the arterioles. Changes in the walls of capillaries should become the basis of the pathological physiology of the future. Research Rondelli (Rondelli), Vassi (Vassi), Salvioli (Salvioli) showed that in extreme old age, the capillaries thin out, writhe, weaken. The blood flow slows down accordingly. The most constant and important phenomenon seen in old people is an almost general decrease in the diameter of the capillaries. Capillaroscopy shows that the loops of capillaries in old people are either dilated or strongly compressed. Their circulation is less affected by heat and massage than in young people; in old people, the blood flow of the nail bed is much slower than in young people; red blood cells move with difficulty, stops and even reverse movement are often observed.

There is a sufficient amount of data to admit that in old people, regardless of all obvious arteriosclerotic processes, there is a change in the structure of the walls of the capillaries, which goes along with aging.

Senile capillaropathy can cause ectasia or stenosis or lead to blockage of the capillary lumen. The latter should be considered as the main factor in biochemical and metabolic disorders of blood circulation in the capillaries. The speed of blood circulation is an important element in the regulation of the exchange between blood and tissues. In old people, the blood flow is reduced by a third (Winternitz).

After wonderful work Lewis (Lewis), Hooker (Hocker), Klungmyulya (Klungmuhl) there is no longer any doubt about the ability of capillaries to actively contract. Capillaroscopic observations of Bastai and Doliotti, Moreau and Bartolini (Bartolini) and observations of the formation of histamine "bubbles" indicate that changes in the diameter of the capillaries in old people are more limited and occur more slowly. The relative atony of the capillaries in the elderly, their partial blockage cause an increase in resistance in the peripheral circulation.

The atrophy of numerous nephrons in the kidneys, especially in nephritis, should not be regarded as a specific renal disease, but as an extension of a general capillaropathy. Glomeruli are an integral part of the circulatory system: they filter the blood and regulate the composition of extracellular fluids.

Reduced capillary contractility, slowing blood flow, reducing the number of open capillaries, increasing resistance in the peripheral circulation cause essential hypertension. The increase in pressure is caused either by increased activity of the adrenal glands (which is rare) or (in most cases) by a significant general decrease in the capillary network.

When capillaropathy affects the renal glomeruli, it leads to renal pressure increase. This is not about renins, vasopressins, etc., but about general capillaritis, about a massive decrease in capillary current by tens of thousands of kilometers due to temporary closure of blood vessels or their final blockage.

From the point of view of hemodynamics, the change in circulation in the capillaries should be considered as the main factor in senile disorders in blood circulation. Insufficiency of countless peripheral hearts is of paramount importance for the development of various pathological conditions, other factors - myocardial insufficiency, decreased metabolism at rest - are secondary.

A decrease in the capillary blood supply to the brain causes circulatory and nutritional disorders of the nerve centers (subhilly, centers of sleep, speech, higher brain centers).

Chapter 2
Physiology
Does human physiology exist?

Until now, we have no real work on human physiology. There is only animal physiology based on countless experiments on laboratory animals. But their composition of extra- and intracellular fluids is completely different from the humoral composition of the human body. For example, the juices of a dog's body contain much less potassium and much more sodium chloride than a human. The percentage of histamine in a dog is different from that in humans. Rabbits, guinea pigs are herbivores, humans are carnivores and omnivores. Frogs and mice in terms of species, all the more far from humans. Most of the experiments on laboratory animals were carried out in an atmosphere of coercion. Animals in the experiments are bound, injured physically and morally poisoned. They are kept in poorly ventilated cages, their functions are abnormal.

We do not deny the great importance of animal physiology, but we think that the living conditions of laboratory animals must be taken into account in order to have the right to draw not too hasty conclusions. For there are cases when painful physiological experiments on animals lead to "tortured" conclusions. Below we will try to present some reflections on the true human physiology.

Based on a comparison of some data of classical physiology, we will allow ourselves to imagine several of the most important functions of the human body.

capillaries

Between the blood and extracellular fluid there is an endothelial barrier - these are capillaries. Their diameter is different. There are very wide capillaries (20-30 microns) and narrower ones (5-6 microns). Capillaries are formed by endothelial cells, some of them are little differentiated, more capable of phagocytosis. These young cells are able to retain and digest aging red blood cells, pigments (for malaria), and cholesterol components.

The blood capillaries are constantly changing. In certain places, they can multiply or undergo reverse development. When filled with blood, endothelial cells retain their flattened shape. With a delay in the blood flow in the capillary, endothelial cells again form outgrowths (kidneys). At the same time, their initial numerous potencies are revived, and various variants of mesenchymal tissue develop from these cells due to the termination of their normal functions. The capillary diameter changes by 2 and 3 times. At maximum tone, the capillaries are so narrowed that they do not let blood cells through; only plasma can leak out. And vice versa, with a sharp relaxation of the tone of the walls of the capillary, a lot of blood accumulates in their expanded lumen. In the case of shock, this phenomenon has great importance, as there is a real bleeding into the vasculature of the abdominal cavity as a result of stagnation in the over-expanded network of capillaries.

The motor function of capillaries plays a role in every disease process: in inflammation, in traumatic, toxic, infectious shock, and in trophic disorders. Changes in the lumen of the capillaries also play a very important role in the regulation of blood pressure: when all the capillaries are dilated, there is a strong drop in blood pressure.

capillary permeability. The endothelium is a living filtering membrane, by no means inert, with changing permeability, it controls the exchange between blood and extracellular fluids. In the normal state, the membrane passes small molecules (water, crystalloids, amino acids, urea), but retains protein molecules. In pathological conditions, the permeability of the capillary membrane increases, and then the protein molecules of the blood plasma can seep through the endothelium. The degree of permeability of the capillary wall plays big role in normal and pathological physiology (with the phenomena of secretion and resorption and in the pathogenesis of edema and inflammation).

The passage of liquids through the walls of capillaries is controlled by the following factors.

1) The total length of the filter surface. It is sometimes huge. Krogh believes that the total surface of the capillaries of an adult is 6300 m, i.e. a belt 1 m wide and more than 6 km long. This is an important factor for metabolic processes, it changes due to changes in the diameter of capillaries (gout, diabetes, chronic rheumatism, arteritis).

2) The permeability of the walls themselves. The endothelial membrane is much more permeable than other membranes in the body. In frogs, endothelial membranes are 300 times more permeable than other cell walls and 100 times more than erythrocyte walls.

3) Pressure on both sides of the membrane. From the outside and from the inside, the pressure is carried out in two opposite directions, the blood pressure contributes to the outward filtration. Under normal conditions, it reaches 40 mm of water in humans. Art. in arterial loops, 22 cm - in venous. As Starling has shown, filtration pressure is opposed by the oncotic pressure of plasma colloids, which tends to hold water in the vessels. This pressure in humans corresponds to 36 mm of water. Art. Being subject to numerous influences, blood pressure is highly variable, which causes the alternation of filtration and absorption of water, as well as all metabolic processes that characterize the life of tissues.

Countless normal and pathological processes are determined by these factors. In this part of the circulatory mechanism there are continuous fluctuations, establishing a middle equilibrium, one of those equilibria of which Claude Bernard (Bernard) said that "they result from a constant and exact alignment, carried out, as it were, on the most sensitive scales."

Between filtration and suction at the capillary level, there is an endless movement of fluids back and forth in a limited space; fluids are constantly striving for equilibrium.

The capillaries have some resistance adapted to the blood pressure in the area. The fragility of capillaries increases with avitaminosis C (scurvy) and under the influence of histamine, so extreme caution is necessary in the treatment of peptic ulcer. Banks (blood-sucking) increase capillary resistance. The strength of the capillaries depends, apparently, especially on the fibers surrounding them.

Classical hemodynamics considers the heart as a central engine that drives blood into the arteries, transporting nutrients to areas where there is a continuous exchange between blood and tissues, where, according to the classical concept, the capillaries remain inert, passive, like the entire venous circulatory system.

Chauvois (Chauvois, 1957), a former employee of d "Arsonval (d" Arsonval), in his brochure "Place of the Veins" argues that the initial and dominant role belongs to the venous sector of the blood circulation. "The heart does nothing else," he said, "as soon as it ensures that the blood is pushed forward, and it is not it that returns to the blood its primary elements such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, etc."

In fact, after the important work of August Krogh, it must be recognized that the initial and dominant role belongs to the capillaries, which represent pulsating contractile organs. Weiss and Wang (Weiss, Wang, 1936) established this peristalsis (systole) of the capillaries by means of capillaroscopy. Magnus (Magnus) observed the same phenomenon on a piece of intestine, on a tissue culture according to the Carrel method.

Hagen (Hagen) ascertained changes in the diameter of capillaries at different periods of the day, month, year. In the morning, the capillaries are more narrowed than in the evening, the general exchange is lowered. This explains the decrease in internal temperature in the morning and its increase in the evening. In women during the premenstrual period, the number of open capillaries increases, hence a more active metabolism and an increase in temperature. In the period between September and January, capillary spasms and numerous congestions are observed.

This is the reason for seasonal illnesses, including peptic ulcers in September, as well as in March.
Niko observed by capillaroscopy at the Tübingen Medical Clinic the effect of X-rays on the body. In skin erythema caused by x-rays, Niko traced the exudation of serum through the walls of the capillaries; after the cessation of X-ray therapy, there was a massive decrease in skin capillaries. The ailments experienced after a series of X-ray therapy sessions, the appearance of radio-beam dermatitis, were thus clarified as early as 1920. David (David) confirmed Niko's observations. But no one for 32 years thought to do capillaroscopy before applying X-ray therapy to patients suffering from hyperthyroidism, renal insufficiency, i.e. syndromes that are always accompanied by capillary weakness.

During treatment with digitalis (after appropriate preparation of the patient) and small doses of theobromine derivatives (not exceeding 0.5 g per day in two divided doses), there is a disappearance of atonic expansion of the venous loops of capillaries and postcapillary small veins, the disappearance of blood stasis, a decrease in capillary pressure (Weiss, Wang, 1936, and many others).

Diseases of the capillaries: capillaritis (Fahr) or capillaropathy (Zalmanov) constitute the most important chapter in pathology. We have the right to assert that this is the basis of every disease process; without the physiopathology of the capillaries, medicine remains on the surface of phenomena and is unable to understand anything either in general or in particular pathology.

Classical neurology, with its almost mathematical precision of diagnosis, is powerless from a therapeutic point of view, because it neglects the blood circulation of the spinal cord and peripheral nerves and thus deprives itself of many means in therapy.

The degree of lesions caused by local capillaropathy depends locally on the anatomical region. Muller (Miiller, 1922) proved this well with the example of salvarsan. The reaction does not lead to serious complications if it is used on the genitals. When exposed to salvarsan on the initial segment of the aorta, swelling of the vaso-vasorum and coronary vessels can lead to sudden death. Finally, in the central nervous system, it can lead to a very serious disease.
Periodic stasis or spasms of the capillaries of the fingers underlie the symptoms of "dead fingers", acrocyanosis, Raynaud's disease. Stagnation or periodic spasms in the organs of the labyrinth of the inner ear cause dizziness in Meniere's syndrome.

In patients affected by the so-called angioneurosis, a real vascular storm in the capillaries, precapillaries and postcapillaries is established with a capillaryoscope instead of a normal picture.

Some capillaries are highly atonic, dilated to a maximum in stasis, and in adjacent areas the flow of blood is greatly accelerated; atony and spasms can spread to arteries and veins. At the same time, there is a decrease or an excessive increase in the permeability of the capillary membranes and a tendency to edema according to the method of Gansslen (Gansslen) from Tübingen, which consists in measuring the length of time required for the formation of a pustule when applying a few square millimeters of Spanish fly patch. Tall asthenics most often have dilated tortuous capillaries, while in picnics the capillaries are more easily destroyed.

Varicose veins often begin in the venous loops of capillaries. In women complaining of indefinite diffuse pain (occiput, shoulders, sacro-lumbar region), in whom neither articular changes, nor bone deformities, nor signs of neuritis are found, it is often possible to feel a seal in the muscles; then one must think of intramuscular urticaria, according to Quincke's suggestion. These countless microscopic hematomas around the muscle fibers better explain muscle pain than the hypothesis of the formation of a gelatinous substance.
Ginselmann (Hinselmann) and Nettekorn (Nettekorn) observed in eclampsia diffuse capillary stasis in the skin, in intestinal loops and in the uterus. This stasis is noted in convulsions and high blood pressure.

The old hypothesis of angiospastic anemia of the brain as the cause of eclampsia thus finds objective confirmation in capillaroscopy. Parrisius (Parrisius) stated significant changes in the skin capillaries in almost all cases of glaucoma and Meniere's syndrome.

In infectious diseases, vasomotor paresis affects not only the arteries and arterioles, but the entire capillary network. Hornsh-tetter (Hornstetter) described stagnation in the capillaries in typhoid fever, Jurgenson (Jorgensen) - in influenza. After a period of excitement, when the blood flow is still satisfactory, the stage of capillary paralysis sets in. All capillaries are equally dilated, filled with a bluish-purple blood mass. By continuing observation for several minutes, one can be convinced that there is no trace of blood movement. The same phenomena take place in typhus, scarlet fever, septicemia. Huber observed capillary paralysis in diphtheria. Von Geibner (Heubner, 1931) managed to experimentally induce the same capillary paralysis by means of gold salts.

When we observe how a hypertrophied heart, which has satisfactorily worked for quite a long time, gives up, we can explain the weakness of the myocardium, insufficiently irrigated with blood, by an increase in the gaps between the capillaries. Myocardial fibers became longer and thinner, while new formation of capillaries, an increase in the number of open capillaries did not accompany an increase in the number and size of myofibrils; hence myocardial anoxemia with its consequences: myomalacia, proliferation of connective tissue, fatty degeneration.

It is known that the lack of oxygen causes a characteristic pain in the muscle. We now know that the flow of oxygen to the heart depends on the irrigation of the vaso-vasorum of the coronary arteries and on the percentage of oxygen in the blood. When the heart is overstrained, when the atmosphere is poor in oxygen, on the electrocardiogram even healthy person there is a decrease in the ST wave and deformation of the T wave in exactly the same way as in the case of angina pectoris.

Lack of oxygen always causes pain due to malnutrition of the myofibrils; the longer the lack of oxygen, the more micronecrosis appears in the myocardium. The fusion of these micronecrosis may result in a picture of myocardial infarction even without blockage of one of the branches of the coronary artery. Attacks of angina pectoris at rest are much more dangerous than an attack at the moment of tension. Attacks during rest indicate, in essence, a long-term blockage of the vaso-vasorum of the coronary arteries.

Niko discovered changes in the capillaries and increased capillary pressure 6 weeks after scarlet fever, when the rash had already disappeared. Kilin (Kilin) ​​found that increased capillary pressure persists for quite a long time after a drop in temperature. Patients in this category must be strictly monitored: they are easily exposed to the danger of glomerulonephritis. Ophthalmologists are well aware of the changes in arterioles and capillaries of the retina during renal hematogenous diseases. Schleyer (Schleyer) argues that acute hematogenous nephritis is always preceded by general capillaritis, capillary toxicosis of infectious origin. There is not a single disease with morphological changes, there is not a single functional disorder in which the condition of the capillaries does not play a primary role. But, of course, one should never forget about the relationship between the blood flow in the capillaries and other body functions.

You need to think about the interaction of all organs. Respiration, nutrition, excretion of each patient should be carefully studied, but one should not get confused in small details. It is necessary to establish a hierarchy of diagnostic indicators for each patient. The clinic should use laboratory and radiological data, but the final word belongs to the clinic. The laboratory and x-ray are the experts, the clinic is the judge.

capillary blood circulation. Rivers originate from many streams, the water of which is always in motion: it rises, overflows its banks, washes underground irregularities, gives rise to streams that, multiplying, merge into small channels that feed large pekn. The movement of intermediate waters - the source of blood circulation - is a striking analogy with the sources of rivers. The arterial loop of capillaries squeezes plasma water through its walls. The venous loop absorbs water in the interstitial space bathed by extracellular fluids, which affects the droplets of extracellular fluid and causes changes in its pressure. This is the real beginning of the circulation of organic fluids and, ultimately, blood.

Higher unicellular organisms, possessing - pulsating vacuoles, represent the first step in the circulation of intracellular fluid. The extracellular fluid for unicellular organisms is the sea or river where they live.

The Tübingen school is credited with the use of capillaroscopy data in the clinic; it opened the great chapter of capillaropathy for the physiologist and physician. Unfortunately for the clinic, neither physiologists nor doctors took advantage of these works. It was only in France that Baruk and Racine became interested in the miraculous life of the capillaries. They revealed significant capillaroscopic changes in all pathologically altered tissues, ascertained a violation of capillary circulation in various tissues in those suffering from a breakdown.

In his writings on mental illness, Luys emphasized that in melancholics the cerebral circulation is reduced, while in manic excitement the flow of blood to the brain is increased with simultaneous vasodilation. The results achieved with regard to the treatment of melancholy by electroshock methods are obtained, according to Baruk, from an instantaneous increase in blood circulation in the brain. This strengthening is achieved at the price of too rough and dangerous influence on the blood circulation and on the brain tissue itself.

Baruk, Racine, David and Lerouz experimentally showed that the use of folliculin causes a significant expansion of the vessels of the brain and a rush of blood to it. An attack of catatonia is accompanied by an unusual pallor of the face as a result of vasoconstriction. Baruk and Claude described orthostatic acrocyanosis of the lower extremities with catatonia, which can sometimes simulate arteritis obliterans. With catatonia, psychovascular, psycho-digestive, psycho-respiratory and other psycho-visceral synergies are observed. Using the example of catatonia, one can understand that there is no single and stereotypical treatment even for the same disease.

Russian doctor Abram (Alexander) Zalmanov gained international fame for his turpentine baths. According to his theory of capillary therapy, this simple recipe helps restore and preserve youth, as well as cure many diseases.

Dr. Zalmanov lived for 90 years. And it is possible that it is thanks to their turpentine baths

Abram Zalmanov (1875-1965) was born in Belarus, from childhood he dreamed of becoming a doctor. After graduating from the gymnasium, he entered the Moscow University at the Faculty of Medicine, but in the fourth year he dropped out and, disillusioned with the teaching system, switched to the first year of the Faculty of Law.

At the university, Zalmanov became infected with revolutionary ideas and in 1899 was arrested for organizing the All-Russian student strike and expelled from the university. After his release, Zalmanov left for Heidelberg (Germany), where in 1901 he graduated from the medical faculty. Two years later he received a diploma in Russia, and in 1911 in Italy.

Despite the successes in medicine, Zalmanov periodically interrupted his career for traveling, in which, out of curiosity, he mastered other professions. He was a fisherman, a reporter, a builder and even a shoe shiner. Zalmanov generally liked to transform. For example, he dressed up as an Arab - a fortune teller and spoke on the streets.

At one time, Zalmanov was in charge of a spa hospital in Nervi on the shores of the Gulf of Genoa. Plekhanov, Rosa Luxemburg, Clara Zetkin and many others came to him for treatment. famous people. During the First World War, Zalmanov served at the front near Bialystok: he operated, was wounded, awarded a medal, and received the rank of General of the Medical Service. He was in charge of military hospitals on Miusy and Presnya in Moscow. In 1918, Lenin appointed Zalmanov head of the Main Resort Directorate and chairman of the State Commission for Combating Tuberculosis, in the same year Abram became the personal physician of Lenin and Krupskaya. He was a member of Lenin's house and, according to contemporaries, was considered almost a member of the family.

In 1921, Zalmanov went to Europe to improve his skills and exchange experience. He failed to return. Lenin soon died, and the scientist remained in Europe. Thanks to his fluency in five languages, he easily got a job in European clinics, but did not stay anywhere for more than three months: after studying the technique, he went further. Zalmanov tried to find a universal way to heal the whole body with natural means.

Fascinated by the work of the Danish Nobel Prize winner August Krogh, who studied the physiology of capillaries, in 1933 Zalmanov began to study the processes of capillary blood circulation and a few years later created the theory capillary therapy , which was promoted as a method of rejuvenating the body, based on taking turpentine baths. The meaning of the method is that the turpentine emulsion stimulates capillary blood circulation, microcirculation of the intercellular fluid and thus promotes nutrition and tissue rejuvenation.

Zalmanov's baths were an incredible success throughout Europe - they were used in Italy, Germany and Switzerland. During World War II, the Gestapo became seriously interested in the scientist, but he, being in occupied France, continued to receive patients. From 1946 Zalmanov held conferences, taught and published scientific articles. In 1956, his book Secrets and Wisdom of the Body was published, and four years later his second book, The Miracle of Life, was published. Perhaps it was thanks to the turpentine baths that he took himself that Zalmanov lived for 90 years. Until his death, he led clinics and taught doctors his method. (

The secret wisdom of the human body Alexander Solomonovich Zalmanov

Book one. Secrets and wisdom of the body