Neighboring regions of Western Siberia. Comprehensive characteristics of Western Siberia

Western Siberia is part of the Eastern macro region along with such regions as East Siberian and Far Eastern. For many centuries, the indigenous population of the Eastern macro region was engaged in reindeer husbandry (in the north), hunting and fishing in the taiga, sheep breeding and horse breeding in the steppe regions of the south. After joining Russia, the development of this territory begins. In less than 100 years Russian state Vast territories from the Urals to the shores of the Pacific Ocean were consolidated.

After the abolition of serfdom and especially after the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway, the population in these areas increased greatly. Western Siberia became a major grain and livestock raising region.

The discovery of oil and gas played a major role in the development of the region. As a result, the West Siberian region began to stand out for its powerful economy. IN Soviet years Western Siberia provided 70% of oil and natural gas production, about 30% of coal, and about 20% of timber harvested in the country. The region accounted for about 20% of the country's grain and the main population of deer. Despite the fact that this district is the smallest in area in the eastern macro region, it has a larger population than the other two districts.

At the moment, our state is experiencing great economic difficulties and a more or less stable position in the world market is provided by the export of oil and gas produced in Western Siberia. Thanks to this, Western Siberia became the country's sponsor of foreign exchange earnings from the sale of oil and gas to other countries. Having become acquainted with the development of the territory, with the natural base and development features of the region, I decided to find out what the current state of the economy, economy and industry of this region is, to determine the main problems and prospects for the development of the region

Composition of territories. Economic-geographical position and physical-geographical position

The West Siberian region ranks third in area in the country among other regions after the East Siberian region and the Far Eastern region; its area is about 3 million square km. The West Siberian region includes: two autonomous okrugs (Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansiysk), five regions (Omsk, Tomsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Tyumen), the Altai Republic, Altai Territory..

The West Siberian region is located between the Ural region and the East Siberian region from the west and east and from the Kara Sea to the border with Kazakhstan. The peculiarity of the economic-geographical position (hereinafter referred to as EGP) of the West Siberian region in the vicinity of the Urals and Kazakhstan. The West Siberian region is located in northern and temperate latitudes. The southern part is located in close proximity to the center of origin of the Siberian anticyclone.

EGP within the region is sharply differentiated to the south. Climatic conditions almost everywhere, except for the highlands, are favorable for growing agricultural crops in the northern and central zone. In winter, most of the territory has little wind and dry weather. Western Siberia as a whole receives enough atmospheric moisture for agriculture (900-600mm per year in the taiga), but in the south it is usually not enough (300mm per year). The intensity of solar radiation in the southern regions is 20-25% higher than in Moscow, therefore the soils warm up quickly in the spring, which also promotes the growth of agricultural crops. Western Siberia has an extensive hydrographic network (mainly the Ob-Irtysh system). In the spring, the rivers overflow heavily and have prolonged floods, which is favorable for shipping and rafting of timber. But in the northern regions, navigation is hampered by a relatively short navigation period. In the mountains, rivers are very rapid, which makes navigation and timber rafting difficult, but favors the construction of hydroelectric power stations. The fertile soils of Western Siberia are represented by chernozems and (in the extreme south) dark chestnut soils.

Natural resources and natural conditions

Western Siberia is one of the richest regions in the country in natural resources. A unique oil and gas province has been discovered here. The area is concentrated huge reserves hard and brown coal, iron ores and non-ferrous metal ores. The area has large reserves of peat, and large reserves of wood, mainly coniferous, are also concentrated. In terms of fish reserves, Western Siberia is considered one of the richest regions of the country. Western Siberia has significant fur reserves. The forest and forest-steppe zones have large tracts of fertile land, which creates favorable conditions for the development of agriculture. The largest oil and gas provinces include Samotlor, Fedorovskoye, Varyganskoye, Vatinskoye, Pokurovskoye, Ust-Bulykskoye, Salymskoye, Sovetsko-Sosnytskoye - oil fields, Urengoyskoye, Zapolyarnoye, Medvezhye, Yamburgskoye - gas fields. Oil and gas here are of high quality. Oil is light, low in sulfur, has a high yield of light fractions, and contains associated gas, which is a valuable chemical raw material. The gas contains 97% methane, rare gases, and at the same time there is no sulfur, little nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Oil and gas deposits at depths of up to 3 thousand meters in soft but stable, easily drilled rocks are characterized by a significant concentration of reserves. More than 60 gas fields have been identified on the territory of the complex. One of the most efficient is Urengoyskoye, which provides annual gas production of 280 billion cubic meters. The cost of producing 1 ton of equivalent fuel, natural gas, is the lowest compared to all other types of fuel. Oil production is concentrated mainly in the Middle Ob region. In the future, the importance of northern deposits will increase. Currently, 68% of Russian oil is produced in Western Siberia. Natural gas is produced mainly in the northern regions. Here are the most significant deposits - Yamburg and the Yamal Peninsula. Plants for processing oil and gas raw materials are located in Omsk, Tobolsk and Tomsk industrial hubs. The Omsk petrochemical complex includes an oil refinery, synthetic rubber, soot, tire, rubber products, plastics, as well as a cord factory and others. Large oil and gas processing complexes are being created in Tobolsk and Tomsk. The fuel resources of the complex are represented by the Ob - Irtysh and North Sosvinsky brown coal basins. The Ob-Irtysh coal basin is located in the southern and middle part of the Western Siberian Plain. It belongs to the closed category, since its coal-bearing layers, reaching 85 meters, are covered by a thick cover of younger sediments. The coal basin has been poorly studied and its estimated reserves are estimated at 1,600 billion tons, the depth of occurrence varies from 5 to 4,000 m. In the future, these coals can be of industrial importance only if they are underground gasified. The North Sosvinsky basin is located in the north of the Tyumen region, its reserves amount to 15 billion tons. Explored deposits include Otorinskoye, Tolinskoye, Lozhinskoye and Ust-Maninskoye.

The West Siberian TPK has significant water resources. The total river flow is estimated at 404 cubic km. At the same time, the rivers have a hydropower potential of 79 billion kWh. However, the flat nature of the surface makes the use of hydropower resources of the Ob, Irtysh and their large tributaries ineffective. The construction of dams on these rivers will lead to the creation of large reservoirs, and the damage from the flooding of vast forests, and possibly oil and gas fields, will block the energy effect from hydroelectric power stations. Underground thermal waters are of significant interest. They can be used for heating greenhouses and greenhouses, heating agricultural facilities, cities and workers' settlements, as well as for medicinal purposes.

Population

The total number of residents of the West Siberian region is 15141.3 thousand people, the growth is positive and amounts to 2.7 people per 100 inhabitants, the role of the migration influx is great. The share of the urban population is over 70%. In general, the region lacks labor resources. If we allow the development of transport in the future, the population density of Western Siberia will increase significantly.

In the region there are two millionaire cities - Omsk (1,160,000 inhabitants), Novosibirsk (1,368,000 inhabitants) and three large cities: Tyumen (493,000 inhabitants), Tomsk (500,000 inhabitants), Kemerovo (517,000 inhabitants). Western Siberia is a multinational region. About ten main nationalities live on its territory: (Russians, Selkups, Khanty, Mansi, Altaians, Kazakhs, Shors, Germans, Komi, Tatars and Ukrainians).

Omsk region 2175 thousand people 6 cities 24 urban villages.

Altai region 2654 thousand people 11 cities 30 urban villages.

Altai Republic 201.6 thousand people urban population 27% 1 city (Gorno-Altaisk) 2 urban-type settlements.

Novosibirsk region 2803 thousand people urban population 74% 14 cities 19 urban-type settlements.

Tomsk region 1008 thousand people urban population 69% 5 cities 6 urban villages.

Tyumen region 3120 thousand people urban population 91% 26 cities 46 urban-type settlements.

Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous region 1301 thousand people urban population 92% 15 cities 25 urban villages.

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug 465 thousand people urban population 83% 6 cities 9 urban villages.

Kemerovo region 3177 thousand people 87% urban population 19 cities 47 urban-type settlements.

Historical and economic conditions

The hypothesis about the oil and gas potential of the West Siberian Plain was first put forward in 1932 by Academician I.M. Gubkin. For many years, supporters of this idea had many authoritative opponents.

In 1953, the first one was discovered - the Berezovskoye gas field. In 1960, the first oil field in Siberia was discovered near the village of Shaim.

At first, geological exploration work was carried out only in the southern regions of the West Siberian Plain, but then research spread to the entire territory, to the subzone of the middle and southern taiga.

In 1961, a group of oil fields was discovered in the middle Ob region and gas fields in the Berezovsky gas-bearing region. In 1965, the Samotlor oil field was discovered. These discoveries marked the beginning of the development of the largest oil and gas province of global importance. After the construction of the Siberian Railway (1891-1916), widespread agrarian settlement of the region began. During the years of development of capitalism in Russia, the region became the largest supplier of wheat and animal oil to the European part and for export. There were also centers of mining, coal and Food Industry, but their sizes were very small. In 1924, the first Kuznetsk coke went to the Ural factories. The Western Territory was formed as a result of the division of Siberia in 1930, the Tyumen region was included. During the war, 210 enterprises were evacuated here, which subsequently gave a significant impetus to the development of the economy of the entire region.

Industry

The development of Western Siberia for many years was determined by the needs of the state. Thanks to large-scale development natural resources, financed by the state, the region became the main energy and raw material base and the basis for the financial stability of the country. During the reform years, the West Siberian region continued to play the role of a financial “sponsor” of the country. Moreover, its role has increased: due to export mineral resources and their processed products provide more than two-thirds of the country's foreign exchange earnings. The region's resource orientation led to a significantly smaller loss of industrial potential in the reform years compared to European regions. Almost 35% of the West Siberian Plain is occupied by swamps. More than 22% of the entire territory of the plain is peatland. Currently, in the Tomsk and Tyumen regions there are 3,900 peat deposits with total peat reserves of 75 billion tons. The Tyumen Thermal Power Plant operates on the basis of the Tarmanskoye field.

The fuel and energy complex is represented not only by enterprises producing energy fuel, but also by a fairly large system of thermal power plants on the middle Ob River and individual energy hubs in oil and gas production areas. The energy system has been significantly strengthened by new state district power plants - Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, Urengoy.

Currently, the Tomsk and Tyumen regions generate a little more than 2% of the total Russian electricity. The energy sector is represented by a significant number of small, uneconomical power plants. The average installed capacity of one power plant is less than 500 kW. The further development of the electric power industry on the territory of the complex is inextricably linked with cheap associated gas, which, after topping at gas processing plants, will be used for energy purposes. Electricity from the Surgut State District Power Plant is supplied to oil fields, construction sites in the Ob region and to the Ural energy system. Two largest thermal power plants in the system of petrochemical complexes and two state district power plants using associated gas are being built on the territory of the complex in Nizhnevartovsk and Novy Urengoy. The problem of supplying electricity to the northern gas-bearing regions of the Tyumen region, where small, scattered power plants operate, is especially acute.

The forest chemical complex is represented mainly by the logging and woodworking industries. A significant part of the wood is exported in unprocessed form (roundwood, ore stands, firewood). The stages of deep wood processing (hydrolysis, pulp and paper, etc.) are insufficiently developed. In the future, a significant increase in timber harvesting is planned in the Tyumen and Tomsk regions. The presence of huge reserves of wood, cheap fuel and water will allow the formation of large enterprises on chemical and mechanical processing of wood raw materials and waste. It is planned to create several timber processing complexes and sawmills and wood processing plants on the territory of the West Siberian complex. Their construction is expected in the cities of Asino, Tobolsk, Surgut, Kolpashevo, in the villages of Kamenny and Bely Yar.

The machine-building complex is formed mainly in Omsk, Tomsk, Tyumen, Ishim and Zladoukovsk. Machine-building enterprises produce equipment and machines for the oil and gas production and forestry industries, transport, construction, and agriculture. Many enterprises are not yet sufficiently focused on meeting the needs of the subdistrict. In the near future, it is necessary to strengthen the role of Omsk, Tyumen, Tomsk as support bases for the development of oil and gas-bearing regions of Western Siberia and to deepen the specialization of the mechanical engineering of these centers in the production of various equipment in the “northern version”. The formation of the machine-building complex on the territory of the Tomsk and Tyumen regions should be subordinated, first of all, to the tasks of providing the necessary, especially low-transportable and special equipment to enterprises and construction sites of leading industries National economy the eastern zone of the country and especially its northern regions.

In the future, ferrous metallurgy may develop on the territory of the complex. On the basis of Bakchar ores in the south of the Tomsk region, it is possible to build a metallurgical plant. The Bakchar deposit can become the main raw material base for the development of ferrous metallurgy in the eastern zone of the country.

The industrial construction complex is focused on ensuring the reconstruction and new construction of petrochemical and forestry enterprises. Row building materials supplied by the Kuznetsk-Altai subdistrict. There is a certain deficit in the construction base for the creation of civil structures.

The main construction organizations are concentrated in large industrial centers, mainly in the south of the subdistrict. During the period of development of oil and gas resources, the method of complete block, prefabricated construction became widespread here, which can significantly reduce the cost of human labor and speed up the construction of facilities. At the same time, basic construction materials enterprises are being created in Tomsk and Tyumen. Currently, there are 17 concentrated construction hubs operating in the Tomsk and Tyumen regions: Tomsk, Tyumen, Nzhnevartovsk, Surgut, Ust-Balyk, Strezhevsk, Megion, Neftyugansk, Nadym, Tobolsk, Asinovsky, Berezovsky, Urengoy, Yamburg, Kharasaveysky, Beloyarsky, Tugansky and others.

Contacts of enterprises with outside world are not limited to the export and import of goods. More than 100 joint ventures are registered in the Western Siberian region. The exports of these enterprises amounted to $240 million in 1995. During the first half of 1996, these enterprises produced 4 million tons of oil. Among the largest investors in joint ventures are countries such as the USA, Canada, and Germany. And the most significant joint ventures in terms of scale of activity are: Yuganskfrakmaster, Yugraneft. The priority task in the field of contacts with foreign capital is to attract large-scale lenders to the fuel industry of the region. Among the projects financed by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development are the restoration of oil and gas fields in Western Siberia and the supply of equipment to Samotlor. In 1995, the World Bank provided a targeted loan of $610 million to P/O Kogalymneftegaz.

Speaking about the economic development of the Western Siberian region in 1999 and the first half of 2000, data from the State Statistics Committee were used Russian Federation according to main economic indicators.

According to these data, Western Siberia is currently one of the ten leading regions that contribute 63.6% of taxes to the total state treasury, of which the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets districts accounted for 1999. - 9.3%, and in the first half of 2000 - 11.9%.

Transport

The increase in inter-district freight turnover and intra-district transportation contributed to the expansion of the transport network. On the territory of the region, oil pipelines were built Shaim-Tyumen, Ust-Balyk-Omsk, Aleksandrovskoye-Anzhero-Sudzhensk-Krasnoyarsk-Irkutsk, Samotlor-Tyumen-Almetyevsk, Ust-Balyk-Kurgan-Samara, Omsk-Pavlodar and gas pipelines in the Medvezhye-Nadym- Ural (two stages), Nadym-Punga-Center, Urengoy-Nadym-Ukhta-Torzhok, Vengapur-Surgut-Tobolsk-Tyumen, Yamburg-Center, Nizhnevartovsk-Myldzhino-Tomsk-Novokuznetsk, Yamburg-Western border of Russia. This powerful pipeline transport ensures the delivery of almost 400 million tons of oil and 450 billion cubic meters of gas to consumers. Currently, pipelines with a length of over 10 thousand kilometers have been built to release Tyumen oil. Gas pipelines stretch for more than 12 thousand kilometers. Here, pipes with a diameter of 1420 mm were used for the first time. A special role is played in the industrial development of new areas. railway transport. The Tobolsk-Surgutsk-Nizhnevartovsk railway line was laid from Tyumen through the Shirotnoe Ob region. There are various options for continuing this highway. It can connect to the Trans-Siberian Railway through Tomsk or go to Abalakovo, along the Keta River. On the territory of the complex, logging roads Ivdel-Ob, Tavda-Sotnik, Asino-Bely Yar were built. Great importance to solve local problems has road transport. Currently, an external and internal paved road ring has been built around Samotlor, and access roads to the Tyumen-Tobolsk-Surgut railway are being created. However, the transport network is not yet sufficiently developed. Per one square kilometer of territory, the length of railways here is almost 3 times less and paved roads are 2 times less than in the country as a whole. River transport is of great importance, the importance of which will increase significantly in connection with the construction of river ports in Tomsk, Tobolsk, Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk and Kolpashevo, and the improvement of navigation on the Tom, Keti, Tura and Tobol rivers.

Agriculture

The agro-industrial complex of the complex as a whole specializes in the cultivation and processing of grain. On a small scale, in places where industrial crops are grown - flax, hemp, sunflower - there is primary processing of flax - curly and hemp, and oil production. The livestock branch of the agro-industrial complex includes butter and milk factories, dairy canning factories and production facilities for processing meat, leather, wool, and sheepskin.

Carpet making is an ancient craft of the region (in Ishim and Tobolsk there are mechanized carpet factories). Enterprises in the textile, leather and footwear industries operate using local and imported raw materials. The main centers for processing agricultural raw materials are Omsk, Tyumen, Tomsk, Yalutorovsk, Tatarsk, Ishim.

Fishing industry complex - fish production in rivers and lakes, marine fishing in the Gulf of Ob, fish processing and canning. This complex is served by a network knitting factory in Tyumen and a shipyard in Tobolsk, as well as bases for the receiving and transport fleet. Container and can production is located at fish processing plants.

Through the mountains to the sea with a light backpack. Route 30 passes through the famous Fisht - this is one of the most grandiose and significant natural monuments of Russia, the closest to Moscow high mountains. Tourists travel lightly through all the landscape and climatic zones of the country from the foothills to the subtropics, spending the night in shelters.

CHAPTER 19. WEST SIBERIAN ECONOMIC REGION

Composition: Altai Territory, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Tyumen regions, Khanty-Mansiysk, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Altai Republic. The area of ​​the district is 2427.2 km 2, the population is 15 million people, the average population density is 6 people per 1 km 2. It is placed extremely unevenly. The most densely populated area is the narrow strip along the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Kemerovo region (33 people per 1 km2). In the taiga, villages are found mainly along river valleys. In Tomsk, Tyumen regions and Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug population density is 2-3 people per 1 km 2. Even less often, the population is located in the tundra (in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the population density is 0.6 people per 1 km 2).

More than 90% of the population is Russian, and the proportion of Ukrainians is quite high. The indigenous population of the northern regions (peoples of the Ural language family) - Nenets (about 30 thousand people) inhabit the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: the administrative center is the city of Salekhard, located near the Arctic Circle. The Khanty and Mansi peoples live in the middle reaches of the Ob. The indigenous population of the mountains (southern Western Siberia) is the people of the Jurassic language group - Altaians, Shors; Kazakhs live in the areas bordering Kazakhstan.

As a result of the industrial development of the region, the proportion of the urban population increased (71%). Large cities of the West Siberian region are located mainly at points where railroads cross navigable rivers. Novosibirsk and Omsk (millionaire cities) especially stand out. Many towns grew up in areas of mining, timber processing and agricultural production. In the highly urbanized Kemerovo region (87%), cities are located mainly along the railway line.

IN last years The urban population has noticeably increased in the Middle Ob region and in the north of the region (urbanization coefficient in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug -91%). Modern cities have grown here: Nadym - based on the Medvezhye oil field; Urengoy - near the Urengoy gas field, etc. The population of Surgut and Nizhnevartovsk approached a quarter of a million. Due to oil and gas production and industrial development, the population grew in previous years, but in general the region lacks labor resources (a shift work method is used).

The West Siberian economic region occupies a vast area east of the Ural Jurassic region, extending almost to the Yenisei. The length from north to south is especially great. This is one of the largest economic regions in Russia.

In the west, the region borders on the Northern and Ural economic regions, in the south - on Kazakhstan, in the east - on the East Siberian region. In the south of the region, the Trans-Siberian Railway crosses the largest rivers Ob and Irtysh.

Possessing rich natural resources, the region has favorable conditions for economic development, but peculiar natural and climatic conditions greatly complicate the situation.

Most of the region's territory is occupied by the West Siberian Plain. The Altai mountainous country located in the southeast is the highest part of Western Siberia (Belukha -4506 m).

Most of Western Siberia is located in the continental climate of the temperate zone (more severe than in the European part of Russia), and its northern part is located within the subarctic and arctic zones. The nature of the far north is significantly influenced by the Arctic Ocean.

Due to the large extent from north to south and from west to east, differences in vegetation are noticeable even within the boundaries of one climate zone. In the direction from north to south, the zone of arctic deserts and tundras gives way to the taiga zone (Western Siberia is a forest-abundant region). At the latitude of Tyumen and Tomsk, taiga forests give way to a narrow strip of deciduous forests, which turn into forest-steppe spaces. At the foothills of Altai, a small area is occupied by a steppe zone, drier than on the Russian Plain. The forest-steppe and steppe regions of Western Siberia with chernozem soils are plowed.

The main river of the region, the Ob, is navigable along its entire length and flows into the Kara Sea. The river has many tributaries, many of them navigable. The rivers of the region serve as transport arteries and for water supply. The hydropower potential of the rivers is small (flat territory). More than a third of the entire area of ​​Western Siberia is occupied by swamps. Swampiness makes it extremely difficult to lay transport routes and develop oil and gas fields.

The West Siberian region is rich in various minerals. In its depths there are huge reserves of oil and gas (especially important ones are in the remote taiga among swamps and swamps). The region accounts for more than 60% of Russian peat reserves. To the north of Altai, between the Salair ridge and the Kuznetsk Alatau, the Kuznetsk coal basin (Kuzbass) is located. Iron ores were mined in the south of the Kemerovo region (Gornaya Shoria), but they are almost exhausted. But the main reserves of iron ore, comparable to the reserves of the KMA, are located in the Ob region, in the Tomsk region (their development has not yet begun). There are reserves of polymetallic ores in the Salair Ridge. Mercury and gold were discovered in Altai.

In the foothills of Altai there is the Belokurikha resort with mineral springs. Dense forests, fast-moving rivers, and the famous Lake Teletskoye attract numerous tourists to Altai.

19.2 Structure and characteristics of the leading industries of the West Siberian economic region

The sectors of specialization of the economy of Western Siberia are the fuel industry (oil, gas, coal production), ferrous metallurgy, chemistry, petrochemistry, mechanical engineering, as well as grain farming.

Thanks to large-scale development of natural resources, Western Siberia has become Russia's main base for oil and gas production. And in recent years, it has become the basis of the country’s financial stability. The oil produced here is of high quality, and its cost is the lowest in the country. Oil and gas occur in loose sedimentary rocks at a depth of 700-3000 m.

In the 90s, the role of this region intensified: due to the export of mineral resources and their processed products, more than two-thirds of the country’s foreign exchange earnings are provided. The West Siberian region produces more than 16% of GDP and industrial production, as well as more than 10% of agricultural products in the Russian Federation.

Most significant role Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets autonomous okrugs(in the fuel industry - more than 40% of Russian production volumes) and the Kemerovo region (in ferrous metallurgy and the fuel industry - more than 10% in Russia). However, an analysis of the dynamics of the industrial structure of this economic region shows that along with the increase in the importance of fuel and energy sectors (almost up to 70%), the share of mechanical engineering decreased three times, and light industry - nine times.

Oil production in years economic restructuring has noticeably decreased, but the region, nevertheless, is the main one for the extraction of fuel resources in the country. In 2001, 230 million tons of oil were produced here (in 1991 - 329 million tons). The largest deposits are located in the Tomsk and Tyumen regions (Samotlorskoye, Ust-Balykskoye, Surgutskoye). The deposits are aging and depleted; new ones are being explored.

Gas production produced in the north of the region. The largest deposits are Urengoyskoye, Medvezhye, Yamburgskoye, Bovanenkovskoye, in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. A new branch of the Yamal - Europe gas pipeline is currently being laid.

An oil refinery in Omsk and petrochemical plants in Omsk, Tomsk, Tobolsk, Surgut, and Nizhnevartovsk operate on the basis of Tyumen oil. Oil is supplied through oil pipelines to Eastern Siberia, where refineries operate in Achinsk, Angarsk and Kazakhstan. The development of the petrochemical cycle occurs simultaneously with the expansion forestry industry(timber chemistry - Omsk, Tomsk, Novosibirsk). The bulk of the fuel produced in the region is exported outside its borders (p. 168).

Ferrous metallurgy. Kuzbass is a coal and metallurgical base of republican significance. Kuznetsk coals are consumed in Western Siberia, the Urals and the European part of Russia, Kazakhstan. Main center ferrous metallurgy - Novokuznetsk (ferroalloy plant and two full metallurgical cycle plants). The Kuznetsk Metallurgical Plant uses copper ores from Gornaya Shoria, and the growing West Siberian Metallurgical Plant receives raw materials from Eastern Siberia - Khakass and Angaro-Ilim ores. There is also a metallurgical plant in Novosibirsk.

Non-ferrous metallurgy represented by a zinc plant (Belovo), an aluminum plant (Novokuznetsk) and a plant in Novosibirsk, where tin and alloys are produced from Far Eastern concentrates. The local nepheline deposit has been developed - a raw material base for the aluminum industry.

Mechanical engineering The district serves the needs of all of Siberia. Metal-intensive mining and metallurgical equipment and machine tools are made in Kuzbass. Novosibirsk produces heavy machine tools and hydraulic presses, and also has a turbogenerator plant. The Altai Tractor Plant is located in Rubtsovsk; in Tomsk - bearing; boiler room in Barnaul. Instrument engineering and electrical engineering are represented in Novosibirsk and Tomsk.

You are developing on the basis of coal coking in Kuzbass" chemical industry, which produces nitrogen fertilizers, synthetic dyes, medicines, plastics, tires (Novosibirsk and other cities). Petrochemistry is developing, using local hydrocarbon raw materials (oil, gas). The concentration of production with hazardous waste in the industrial hubs of Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo and other cities seriously aggravates the environmental situation in the region.

In connection with the rapid development of oil and gas production in Western Siberia, the issue of the ecology of the regions of the Russian North also becomes acute, as difficulties are created for the traditional occupations of the indigenous population: huge areas of reindeer pastures are forever disabled after the passage of all-terrain vehicles and pipelayers. Oil spills and pipeline failures lead to water pollution in rivers and lakes and damage to fisheries resources. Forests are also affected by human activities. All these processes affect the reduction in the size of the territory where the indigenous population of Western Siberia can engage in hunting, fishing, and reindeer herding.

Agro-industrial complex. In the forest and tundra zones of the region, conditions for agriculture are unfavorable and the main role here is played by reindeer husbandry, fishing and fur farming. The south of Western Siberia (forest-steppe and steppe zone with chernozem soils) is one of the main grain-growing regions of Russia. Cattle, sheep, and poultry are also raised here. Creameries were created in the forest-steppe zone, meat processing plants, and wool washing plants were created in the steppe zone. In the Altai Mountains, along with sheep breeding, antler reindeer herding remains important; goats and yaks are also bred in the mountains.

Fuel and energy complex occupies a leading position in the region's industry. The region is provided with fuel resources and even exports them to other economic regions of Russia and abroad. Western Siberia accounts for a large share of all hydrocarbon production in Russia. New trunk pipelines have been laid and are being built to the west, east and south of the largest fields.

The energy supply of the West Siberian oil and gas complex is carried out through the operation of thermal power plants operating on fuel oil and gas - Surgut State District Power Plants, Nizhnevartovskaya and Urengoy State District Power Plants, etc. In Kuzbass, thermal power plants operate on coal. Power plants in Western and Eastern Siberia form the unified energy system of Siberia.

Transport. The Great Siberian Railway - Transsib (Chelyabinsk - Novosibirsk - Vladivostok) was laid in late XIX- early 20th century Later, the South Siberian Railway (Magnitogorsk - Novokuznetsk - Taishet) was built, connecting Kuzbass, Kazakhstan and Eastern Siberia, and a number of roads were laid to the north. The Asino - Bely Yar logging road was put into operation. The Tyumen - Tobolsk - Surgut, Surgut - Nizhnevartovsk railways were built.

Currently, several more railways have been built in the Ob North. One of them (from Vorkuta), having crossed the Northern Urals, reached the city of Labytnanga (not far from Salekhard), and the other (from Surgut) reached Urengoy and stretches to Yamburg. The construction of highways in the region is very expensive (especially construction in the area of ​​permafrost and wetlands).

High tempo development has pipeline transport. Oil pipelines have been built and are operating. Gas pipelines have been laid from production sites in the north of the region. From the Urengoy gas field alone, 6 strings of gas pipelines with a total length of more than 20 thousand km were laid to the west, and new routes are being built (with the participation of Poland and Germany) (the Yamal - Europe Gas Pipeline).

The uniqueness of the natural resource base of the West Siberian region in the future ensures the preservation of its role as a supplier of fuel and energy resources to both the domestic and world markets. The depth and multifaceted nature of the region's development problems will force us to think about creating high-tech mechanical engineering, chemical, petrochemical and other manufacturing industries in the near future.

Posted Thu, 03/24/2016 - 18:32 by Cap

Most of us know a bunch of islands, countries and cities where we can have a good rest and gain fresh impressions. But all this is far away, and the fact that we have the most big country, which contains almost everything that is in the world, takes into account a very small number of people...
Why not pay attention first to Russian lands? For example, to Western Siberia. This is a huge and diverse region, located close enough to the European part of the country that it would not be too lazy to get there, but far enough to make it feel like a big journey...
Western Siberia is located on the West Siberian Lowland, which is the third largest plain on the planet, second only to the famous Amazonian and Russian plains. An area of ​​2.6 million square meters. km allows you to fit almost the whole of Europe here. Western Siberia is quite clearly limited in the north by the shores of the Kara Sea, in the south by the Kazakh hills and Altai Mountains, in the west by the foothills of the Urals, and in the east by the Yenisei River.

Rich nature tourism opportunities
It is not for nothing that, like other large Siberian cities, they are almost never empty, because tourism in Siberia is distinguished by its diversity, combining the characteristics of the seasons, mass natural areas, various landscapes and cultural and historical unique features of the territories. This is the mysterious Altai with its fast-flowing rivers, majestic peaks and the world-famous Lake Teletskoye. The vast territories of the Altai Territory are replete with mysterious caves and beautiful waterfalls, but there is also a warm, gentle Lake Aya. The Kemerovo region also boasts mountainous terrain, a large number of rivers and lakes, as well as the presence of sparsely populated areas with completely untouched nature.

The Krasnoyarsk region is huge, and on its territory there are all kinds of natural wonders, the crown of which can be called the mighty, deep-flowing Yenisei. The Tomsk region is suitable for visiting by those who have never seen the taiga, which here alternates with beautiful meadows. There are very beautiful places here, so it is not surprising that they are always filled with travelers from the European continent, adherents of green tourism.

The Republic of Khakassia should be visited by history buffs, because it is the very first state that appeared on the territory of southern Siberia four centuries BC. These places attract tourists with a huge number of ancient cultural monuments.

Fishing closer to untouched nature

More and more often, unique tourists - fishermen - are going to Siberia. Fishing in the upper reaches of the Abakan River is one of the best in the world, especially now that the appropriate infrastructure has appeared in those places. Abakan is a large river in Khakassia, one of the largest tributaries of the Yenisei. If we count from the beginning of the source of the Big Abakan, the total length of this fantastic river exceeds half a thousand kilometers. Tourists who have seen a lot often say that this river is the most beautiful in the world. The nature of its shores is infinitely diverse, because when traveling on the water you can find gorgeous beaches covered with smooth sand, large rocky cliffs, as well as coniferous taiga untouched by our presence.
On the shores of Abakan you can find truly unique natural and human attractions. There are numerous settlements of Old Believers, a miraculous radon spring, which is called the “Hot Spring”. In general, these places have always attracted many fishermen, and not only them, but hunters, outdoor enthusiasts and simply seekers of adventure and new experiences.

In general, it is worth noting the uniqueness of the “fish” world of the region. So, in the Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug you can completely ignore the small river Sosva. And, as it turns out, it was completely in vain, since it is here that the best herring in the whole world is caught, which is called “Sosvinskaya”. The most expensive species of fish live in local rivers and wait for their fisherman - sturgeon, nelma, muksun, sterlet. Many of them are caught in industrial scale, but the natural resources are so great that there is enough fish for both industry and fishermen for pleasure.

And check out Novosibirsk
If you are a civilized tourist, you are recommended to see the sights of Novosibirsk and its surroundings. Only in the official lists there are dozens interesting places, which will be remembered by everyone who visits them.
Having driven a little away from Novosibirsk, you can communicate with nature, but already in comfortable conditions. The best way to do this is at one of a number of cool ski resorts. There are plenty of trails, and they vary in difficulty and length.
All this is just a small part of what you can do or see in Western Siberia - a huge region with a huge amount of interesting things.

Very picturesque mountains, many mountain lakes, waterfalls, caves and mountain rivers! Actively visited by tourists!
It stretches in a latitudinal direction in a strip gradually narrowing from 200 to 80 km, from the headwaters of the Abakan River to the junction with the Eastern Sayan ridges in the headwaters of the Kazyr, Uda and Kizhi-Khem rivers. The Minusinsk Basin adjoins the Western Sayan from the north, and the Tuva Basin from the south.

The Western Sayan ridges extend predominantly in the latitudinal direction.

Along the main ridge and some spurs there are several dozen granite char mountains with a height of 1500 to 2000 m with eternal (perennial) snowfields on the northern slopes, with areas of mountain tundra and alpine vegetation. In the mountains, especially along the main ridge and on the spurs closest to it, extensive forests have been preserved, mostly dark coniferous, but now there are also large tracts of deciduous forests. In some places, char peaks with alpine landscapes and snowfields rise like islands above the blue mountain taiga.

You can trace a whole chain of these peaks: Heavenly Teeth (2178), Bolshoy Kanym (1870), Bolshoy Taskyl (1448), Tserkovnaya (1450), Suitcase (1858), Krestovaya (1648), Bobrovaya (1673), Pukh-Taskyl (1818 ), Chelbak-taskyl, Bear loach, Chest, Kugu-tu, White, etc.

Most of the high mountain peaks are concentrated in the central part of the mountain system, in the area between 88°-89° east longitude and 55°-53° north latitude. This highest part of the Kuznetsk Alatau is known locally as Belogorya.
North of Bolshoy Taskyl the mountains become lower. Along the main ridge, their height is already below 1000 meters. In the northern part, the mountain system takes on a fan-shaped appearance and turns into ridges of hills stretching to the Trans-Siberian Railway.

Alguysky waterfall

The mountain peaks in Alatau have different shapes. The most common, one might say classic, is a dome with small terraces and a smooth top. This is usually granite, polished by the winds, and covered with scale lichens on the leeward side. These are the domes on Bolshoi Taskyl.
For others, the peak has already leveled over time and turned into a platform covered with relatively medium-sized rock fragments. A similar picture is observed in Bolshoi Kalym and Mustag. The tops of some chars turned into a pile of large boulders, as on Alatag and the mountain adjacent to Big Taskyl. Here, huge blocks of granite look like the ruins of a fortress or Cyclopean buildings. And on Tserkovnaya, over the millennia, the wind has shaped one peak in such a way that it has acquired the shape of a granite pillar resembling a bell tower (hence the name of the mountain).

In Alatau there are many mountain tar lakes of snow-glacial origin, firn snowfields, and mountain swamps. That's why there are so many rivers, streams, springs, streams. The left-bank tributaries Chulym, Tom and all its right-bank tributaries, and in the upper reaches some left-bank tributaries, originate in the Kuznetsk Alatau.

Kuznetsk Alatau is not only the watershed of the river systems of Tom and Chulym, Ob and Yenisei, it is also a reservoir that feeds these rivers. Individual massifs, such as Amzastaskyl, Bolshoi Kanym, Chemodan and others, are the cradle of several rivers flowing from these peaks in different directions.

Mount Taizhasu

GEOGRAPHY OF KUZNETSK ALATAU
Kuznetsk Alatau (from the Turkic ala - “motley” and tau - “mountains”) is a low-medium highland in the Sayan-Altai mountain region in the south of Western Siberia, stretching about 300 km from south to north and up to 150 km wide. The highest altitude is 2211 m (Old Fortress plateau). Kuznetsk Alatau is not a single ridge, but consists of several ridges of medium height, between which there are river valleys. It is the watershed of the Tom and Chulym rivers (tributaries of the Ob).

In the west it is limited by the Kuznetsk basin, and in the east by the Minusinsk basin. In the south it borders with the Abakan ridge of the Western Sayan, in the north it has no clear border. The highlands include the Celestial Teeth mountain range.

It extends submeridally, rising steeply above the Kuznetsk Basin lying to the west and gently sloping east towards the Minusinsk Basin. The length is about 300 km, the width is up to 150 km. Peaks in the south parts reach an altitude of 2000 m above sea level. In the northern direction, the height gradually decreases and at the northern end is about 300 m. The general appearance is determined by the predominance of low, leveled watersheds, above which individual mid-mountain peaks rise as a result of selective denudation and neotectonic uplifts of magmatic rock masses (Puh-Taskyl Mountains - 1820 m , B. Taskyl - 1447 m, B. Kanym - 1872 m, Krestovaya - 1549 m), etc. There is a significant contrast of flattened watersheds and deep valleys of the rivers White and Black Iyus, Kiya, Tes, etc. Several leveling surfaces are observed, which is emphasized tiered relief.

In the south of the mountain range, the Kuznetsky Alatau nature reserve was created in 1989 with an area of ​​412.9 thousand hectares.
The Novokuznetsk-Abakan railway line runs through Kuznetsky Alatau, closer to its southern end.

The mountains are composed of limestone, quartzite, siliceous and clayey shales of the Proterozoic and Lower Paleozoic, intruded by numerous intrusions of gabbro, diorites, granites, syenites, etc. The modern relief was created in Neogene-Anthropogenic times as a result of the uplift and dismemberment of planation surfaces of different ages. The slopes of the ridge are asymmetrical: on the eastern gentle slope the river valleys are well developed, on the western steep slope the rivers flow in narrow valleys with large slopes; they have a lot of rapids and shivers.

- a river in China, Kazakhstan and Russia, the left, main, tributary of the Ob. The length of the Irtysh is 4248 km, which exceeds the length of the Ob itself. The Irtysh, together with the Ob, is the longest watercourse in Russia, the second longest in Asia and the sixth in the world (5410 km).

The Irtysh is the longest tributary river in the world (the Missouri is in second place). It flows through the territory of China (525 km), Kazakhstan (1700 km) and Russia (2010 km). The basin area is 1643 thousand km².

The sources of the Irtysh are located on the border of Mongolia and China, on the eastern slopes of the Mongolian Altai ridge. From China, under the name Black Irtysh, Ertsisyhe, it enters Kazakhstan, passes through the Zaisan depression, and flows into the flowing lake Zaisan. At the mouth of the Black Irtysh there is a large delta. Many rivers flow into Zaisan from Rudny Altai, the Tarbagatai and Saur ridges. Repeatedly strengthened by these waters, the Irtysh flows from Lake Zaisan to the northwest through the Bukhtarminskaya hydroelectric power station, the city of Serebryansk and next to it the located Ust-Kamenogorsk hydroelectric power station. Downstream are the Shulbinskaya hydroelectric station and the city of Semey. Just above Pavlodar, the Irtysh water is taken by the Irtysh-Karaganda canal, flowing to the west. In the region of Khanty-Mansiysk, the Irtysh flows into the Ob.

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SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTO:
Team Nomads
Geography of the USSR
Tourist guide - Western Siberia.
Suslov S.P. Western Siberia: Physical and geographical characteristics / Responsible. ed.: acad. A. A. Grigoriev and Dr. geogr. science prof. G. D. Richter; Institute of Geography of the USSR Academy of Sciences. - M.: OGIZ - Geographgiz, 1947. - 176 p. — (Nature of the USSR: Popular science essays). — 10,000 copies. (region)
Kabo R. M. Cities of Western Siberia: Essays on historical and economic geography (XVII—first half of the XIX centuries). - M.: Geographgiz, 1949. - 220 p. — 10,000 copies. (region)
http://ecoclub.nsu.ru/nature/sib.htm

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Part West Siberian region includes the following territories:

• Tyumen region (including the Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrugs),
• Omsk, Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Kemerovo regions,
• Altai region,
• Altai Republic.

Almost half of the population (46%) of the Eastern macroregion is concentrated in the West Siberian region on an area of ​​2.4 million km2. The region occupies the territories of the West Siberian Lowland and the mountainous regions of Altai, Kuznetsk Alatau and Salair Ridge. The climate of Western Siberia is characterized by continental features, which intensify in the south of the plain. In winter, windless, sunny, frosty weather prevails. In summer, when arctic air masses collide with heated southern air, cyclones occur, accompanied by precipitation. The enormous extent in the meridional direction led to a clear manifestation latitudinal zonality in the nature of Western Siberia. There are only zones of broad-leaved and mixed broad-leaved-coniferous forests here. The far north of Western Siberia is occupied by the tundra zone. Due to the widespread occurrence of swamps in the forest zone of Western Siberia, it is called the forest-swamp zone. Almost 40% of the region's territory is occupied by swamps. High swampiness complicates the development of the richest resources of this region. At the same time, Western Siberian swamps have large reserves of peat. The extreme south of Western Siberia is a steppe zone with plowed chernozem and chestnut soils.

The country's largest oil and natural gas fields are associated with the sedimentary cover of the West Siberian Plain. Over 60% of Russian oil reserves and up to 90% of natural gas are concentrated here. The most important oil fields are concentrated in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (Samotlor, Megionskoye, Ust-Balykskoye), and natural gas fields are in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Urengoyskoye, Yamburgskoye, Medvezhye fields). In the Kemerovo region, hard coal is mined (Kuznetsk coal basin). Iron ores mined in the mountainous Shoria. The area has non-ferrous metals, salt reserves (Kulunda lakes), large forest reserves and water resources.

The population of this area is 15.1 million people. The main population is concentrated in the south. The highest population density is in the Kemerovo region (more than 32 people per 1 km 2). The average population density in the area is 6.2 people per 1 km2. The share of the urban population is 73%.

The main role in the economy of the region is played by the fuel and energy complex, metallurgical, chemical, forestry industries, and the agro-industrial complex (grain farming). Within the West Siberian region there are two large economic zones: northern and southern. In the northern economic zone (Tyumen region, northern Omsk and Tomsk regions), economic specialization is determined by the oil and gas industry, as well as the forestry industry. In the southern part of Western Siberia, the Kuznetsk-Altai complex was formed on the basis of coal and ore resources, and the agricultural development of forest-steppe spaces is being carried out. The center of metallurgy in Siberia is Novokuznetsk, chemical center region is Kemerovo. In Kemerovo, due to the developed chemical industry, a difficult environmental situation remains.

In the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Western Siberia, mainly in river valleys, dairy farming has developed. On the drier interfluve uplands, spring wheat is grown, and meat and dairy farming and sheep breeding are developed. Antler reindeer husbandry and beekeeping are preserved in the Altai Mountains. In the north of Western Siberia, reindeer breeding is a traditional occupation of the local peoples - the Nenets, Khanty and Mansi.

The largest cities in Western Siberia:

• Omsk is located on the Irtysh at the intersection with the Trans-Siberian Railway. Omsk is the former center of the Siberian Cossacks, a commercial and administrative city, a large industrial hub (petrochemicals, mechanical engineering).
• Tomsk is a scientific center with developed mechanical engineering and chemical industries.
• Tyumen is the first Russian city in Siberia (founded in 1586), a center of diverse industry, and the organizational center of the oil and gas industry in the region.
• Novosibirsk is the largest and at the same time the youngest city in Siberia (1.4 million people). Located near Kuzbass at the intersection of the Ob River and the railways, this city is a center of diversified mechanical engineering and science.

Between the Ural Mountains in the west and the bed of the Yenisei in the east lies a vast territory called Western Siberia. Let's look at the list of cities in this region below. The area occupied by the region is 15% of the entire territory of Russia. The population is 14.6 million people, as of 2010, which is 10% of total number in the Russian Federation. It has a continental climate with harsh winters and warm summers. On the territory of Western Siberia there are tundra, forest-tundra, forest, forest-steppe and steppe zones.

Novosibirsk

This city was founded in 1893. He is considered the most big city in Western Siberia and ranks third in number in Russia. It is often called the Siberian capital. The population of Novosibirsk is 1.6 million people (as of 2017). The city is located on both banks of the Ob River.

Novosibirsk is also a major transport hub in Russia; the Trans-Siberian Railway passes through here. Railway. The city has many scientific buildings, libraries, universities and research institutes. This suggests that it is one of the cultural and scientific centers of the country.

Omsk

This city in Western Siberia was founded in 1716. From 1918 to 1920, the city was the capital of White Russia, a state under Kolchak that did not last long. Located on the left bank of the Om River, at its confluence with the Irtysh River. Omsk is considered a major transport hub, as well as a scientific and cultural center of Western Siberia. There are many cultural attractions that make the city interesting to tourists.

Tyumen

This is the oldest city in Western Siberia. Tyumen was founded in 1586 and is located 2000 kilometers from Moscow. It is the regional center of two districts: Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets and together with them constitutes the largest region in the Russian Federation. Tyumen is the energy center of Russia. The city's population is 744 thousand people, as of 2017.

Large production facilities for the extraction of petroleum products are concentrated in the Tyumen region, so it can rightfully be called the oil and gas capital of Russia. Companies such as Lukoil, Gazprom, TNK and Schlumberger are based here. Oil and gas production in Tyumen accounts for 2/3 of all oil and gas production in the Russian Federation. Mechanical engineering is also developed here. A large number of factories are concentrated in the central part of the city.

The city has a lot of parks and squares, greenery and trees, many beautiful squares with fountains. Tyumen is famous for its magnificent embankment on the Tura River; it is the only four-level embankment in Russia. The largest drama theater is also located here, there is an international airport and a large railway junction.

Barnaul

This city in Western Siberia is administrative center Altai region. Located 3,400 kilometers from Moscow, in the place where the Barnaulka River flows into the Ob. It is a large industrial and transport center. The population in 2017 was 633 thousand people.

In Barnaul you can see many unique sights. This city has a lot of greenery, parks and, in general, it is very clean. Altai nature, mountain landscapes, forests and a large number of rivers are especially pleasant for tourists.

The city has many theatres, libraries and museums, making it the educational and cultural center of Siberia.

Novokuznetsk

Another city in Western Siberia, belonging to the Kemerovo region. It was founded in 1618 and was originally a fortress; at that time it was called Kuznetsk. The modern city appeared in 1931, at that moment the construction of a metallurgical plant began, and the small settlement was given city status and a new name. Novokuznetsk is located on the banks of the Tom River. The population in 2017 was 550 thousand people.

This city is considered an industrial center; there are many metallurgical and coal mining plants and enterprises on its territory.

Novokuznetsk has many cultural attractions that can interest tourists.

Tomsk

The city was founded in 1604 in the eastern part of Siberia, on the coast of the Tom River. As of 2017, the population was 573 thousand people. Considered scientific and educational center Siberian region. Mechanical engineering and metalworking are well developed in Tomsk.

For tourists and historians, the city is interesting for its monuments of wooden and stone architecture of the 18th-20th centuries.

Kemerovo

This city in Western Siberia was founded in 1918 on the site of two villages. Until 1932 it was called Shcheglovsk. The population of Kemerovo in 2017 was 256 thousand people. The city is located on the banks of the Tom and Iskitimka rivers. It is the administrative center of the Kemerovo region.

Coal mining enterprises operate in Kemerovo. Chemical, food and light industries are also developed here. The city has important economic, cultural, transport and industrial significance in Siberia.

Mound

This city was founded in 1679. The population in 2017 was 322 thousand people. People call Kurgan the “Siberian Gate”. It is located on the left side of the Tobol River.

Kurgan is an important economic, cultural and scientific center. There are many factories and enterprises on its territory.

The city is famous for the production of its buses, BMP-3 and Kurganets-25 infantry fighting vehicles, and medical advances.

Kurgan is interesting for tourists for its cultural attractions and monuments.

Surgut

This city in Western Siberia was founded in 1594 and is considered one of the first Siberian cities. As of 2017, the population was 350 thousand people. This is a large river port in the Siberian region. Surgut is considered an economic and transport center; the energy and oil industries are well developed here. The city is home to two of the most powerful thermal power plants in the world.

Since Surgut is an industrial city, there are not many attractions here. One of them is the Yugorsky Bridge - the longest in Siberia, it is listed in the Guinness Book of Records.

Now you know which cities in Western Siberia are considered the largest. Each of them is unique, beautiful and interesting in its own way. Most of them were formed due to the development of the coal, oil and gas industries.