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Biography. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov: brief biography and contribution to science Where Ivan Petrovich Pavlov is buried

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849—1936),

scientist-physiologist, first Russian laureate Nobel Prize(in medicine).

The son of a Ryazan priest, Ivan Pavlov studied at the natural sciences department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the University in St. Petersburg.
Pavlov studied very successfully and attracted the attention of professors throughout his years at the university. In the 2nd year of study he was awarded a regular scholarship, in the 3rd year he already received an imperial scholarship, which was twice the usual amount.

Pavlov chose animal physiology as his main specialty, and chemistry as his secondary specialty.
Pavlov's research activities began early. As a fourth-year student, he studied the nerves in the frog’s lungs and studied the influence of the laryngeal nerves on blood circulation. Students
Pavlov graduated brilliantly from the university, receiving academic degree candidate natural sciences.

Pavlov believed that animal experimentation is necessary in resolving many complex and unclear issues of clinical medicine.

In 1890, Pavlov became a professor at the Military Medical Academy.

Pavlov carried out classical work on the physiology of the main digestive glands, which brought him world fame and was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1904. This was the first prize in human history awarded for research in the field of medicine. A significant part of his work on conditioned reflexes immortalized the name of Pavlov and glorified Russian science.

What is Pavlov's dog?

While studying the functioning of the salivary glands, Pavlov noticed that a dog salivates not only when it sees food, but also if it hears the steps of a person carrying it. What does this mean?
The secretion of saliva to food that has entered the mouth is the body’s response to a certain irritation, it occurs “by itself” and always appears.
The steps of a man feeding a dog at a certain hour signaled: “Food.” And the dog developed a conditioned connection in the cerebral cortex: steps - food. Saliva began to flow not only at the sight of food, but also at sounds signaling its approach.
For a conditioned reflex to occur, it is necessary that a connection be formed in the cerebral cortex between two stimuli - conditioned and unconditioned. Saliva is secreted towards food. If, while giving food (unconditioned stimulus), you simultaneously ring a bell (conditioned stimulus) and do this many times, then a connection will appear between the sound and food. A new connection is formed between different parts of the cerebral cortex. As a result, even just at the sound of a bell, the dog begins to salivate.
The irritant can be light and darkness, sounds and smells, heat and cold, etc.
The dog salivates when the bell rings: it has developed a conditioned reflex. If you light a light bulb before the bell, a new conditioned reflex is developed - to the light. But the reflex may disappear and slow down. Inhibition is of great importance in the life of the body. Thanks to it, the body does not respond to any conditioned irritation.

The functioning of the brain is based on combinations of excitation and inhibition.
Irritations perceived by the senses are a signal from the environment surrounding the body.
Animals have such a system of signals, and humans also have it. But man has another signaling system, more complex and more advanced. He developed it in the process historical development and it is precisely with this that the fundamental differences between the higher nervous activity of man and any animal are connected. It arose among people in connection with social work and is associated with speech.
Pavlov's doctrine of higher nervous activity- this is a whole era in science. His teaching had a huge influence on the work of physiologists around the world.

On his tombstone are the words: “Remember that science demands from a person his whole life. And if you had two lives, they wouldn’t be enough for you either.” .

Many scientific institutes and higher education institutions are named after the great physiologist. educational institutions. New scientific institutions were organized for further development scientific heritage I. P. Pavlova, including the largest Moscow Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Material from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (September 14 (26), 1849, Ryazan - February 27, 1936, Leningrad) - Russian scientist, the first Russian Nobel laureate, physiologist, creator of the science of higher nervous activity and ideas about the processes of regulation of digestion; founder of the largest Russian physiological school; winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology in 1904 “for his work on the physiology of digestion.” He divided the entire set of reflexes into two groups: conditioned and unconditioned.

Ivan Petrovich was born on September 14 (26), 1849 in the city of Ryazan. Pavlov's ancestors on the paternal and maternal lines were clergy in the Russian Orthodox Church. Father Pyotr Dmitrievich Pavlov (1823-1899), mother Varvara Ivanovna (née Uspenskaya) (1826-1890).[* 1]

Having graduated from Ryazan in 1864 religious school, Pavlov entered the Ryazan Theological Seminary, which he later recalled with great warmth. In his last year at the seminary, he read a small book “Reflexes of the Brain” by Professor I.M. Sechenov, which changed his whole life. In 1870 he entered the Faculty of Law (seminar students were limited in the choice of university specialties), but 17 days after admission he transferred to the natural sciences department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of St. Petersburg University (he specialized in animal physiology with I. F. Tsion and F. V. Ovsyannikov ). Pavlov, as a follower of Sechenov, studied a lot nervous regulation. Because of intrigues, Sechenov had to move from St. Petersburg to Odessa, where he worked for some time at the university. His chair at the Medical-Surgical Academy was taken by Ilya Faddeevich Tsion, and Pavlov adopted Tsion’s masterly surgical technique. Pavlov devoted more than 10 years to obtaining a fistula (hole) of the gastrointestinal tract. It was extremely difficult to perform such an operation, since the juice pouring out of the intestines digested the intestines and the abdominal wall. I.P. Pavlov sewed the skin and mucous membranes together in such a way, inserted metal tubes and closed them with plugs, that there were no erosions, and he could receive pure digestive juice throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract - from the salivary gland to the large intestine, which is exactly what happened he did it on hundreds of experimental animals. He conducted experiments with imaginary feeding (cutting the esophagus so that food did not enter the stomach), thus making a number of discoveries in the field of reflexes for the release of gastric juice. Over the course of 10 years, Pavlov essentially re-created the modern physiology of digestion. In 1903, 54-year-old Pavlov made a report at the XIV International Medical Congress in Madrid. And the next year, 1904, the Nobel Prize for research into the functions of the main digestive glands was awarded to I.P. Pavlov - he became the first Russian Nobel laureate.

In the Madrid report, made in Russian, I. P. Pavlov first formulated the principles of the physiology of higher nervous activity, to which he devoted the next 35 years of his life. Concepts such as reinforcement, unconditioned and conditioned reflexes (not entirely successfully translated into English language how unconditioned and conditioned reflexes, instead of conditional) became the basic concepts of the science of behavior, see also classical conditioning (English) Russian..

There is a strong opinion that in the years Civil War and war communism Pavlov, enduring poverty, lack of funding scientific research, refused the invitation of the Swedish Academy of Sciences to move to Sweden, where he was promised to create the most favorable conditions for life and scientific research, and in the vicinity of Stockholm it was planned to build such an institute as Pavlov wanted. Pavlov replied that he would not leave Russia anywhere.

This was refuted by the historian V.D. Esakov, who found and published Pavlov’s correspondence with the authorities, where he describes how he desperately fights for existence in the hungry Petrograd of 1920. He has an extremely negative assessment of the development of the situation in new Russia and asks to let him and his employees go abroad. In response, the Soviet government is trying to take measures that should change the situation, but they are not completely successful.

Then a corresponding decree of the Soviet government followed, and an institute was built for Pavlov in Koltushi, near Leningrad, where he worked until 1936.

Academician Ivan Petrovich Pavlov died on February 27, 1936 in the city of Leningrad. The cause of death is listed as pneumonia or poison.

Stages of life

In 1875, Pavlov entered the 3rd year of the Medical-Surgical Academy (now the Military Medical Academy, Military Medical Academy), and at the same time (1876-1878) worked in the physiological laboratory of K. N. Ustimovich; After graduating from the Military Medical Academy (1879), he was left as head of the physiological laboratory at the clinic of S. P. Botkin. Pavlov thought very little about material well-being and before his marriage did not pay any attention to everyday problems. Poverty began to oppress him only after in 1881 he married Rostovite Serafima Vasilievna Karchevskaya. They met in St. Petersburg in the late 70s. Pavlov's parents did not approve of this marriage, firstly, due to Jewish origin Seraphim Vasilievna, secondly, by that time they had already chosen a bride for their son - the daughter of a rich St. Petersburg official. But Ivan insisted on his own and, without receiving parental consent, he and Serafima went to get married in Rostov-on-Don, where her sister lived. The wife's relatives gave money for their wedding. The Pavlovs lived very crampedly for the next ten years. Ivan Petrovich’s younger brother, Dmitry, who worked as an assistant to Mendeleev and had a government-owned apartment, allowed the newlyweds to visit him.

Pavlov visited Rostov-on-Don and lived for several years twice: in 1881 after his wedding and, together with his wife and son, in 1887. Both times Pavlov stayed in the same house, at the address: st. Bolshaya Sadovaya, 97. The house has survived to this day. There is a memorial plaque on the façade.

1883 - Pavlov defended his doctoral dissertation “On the centrifugal nerves of the heart.”
1884-1886 - was sent abroad to improve his knowledge to Breslau and Leipzig, where he worked in the laboratories of W. Wundt, R. Heidenhain and K. Ludwig.
1890 - elected professor of pharmacology in Tomsk and head of the department of pharmacology of the Military Medical Academy, and in 1896 - head of the department of physiology, which he headed until 1924. At the same time (since 1890) Pavlov was head of the physiological laboratory at the then-organized Institute of Experimental Medicine.
1901 - Pavlov was elected a corresponding member, and in 1907 a full member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
1904 - Pavlov is awarded the Nobel Prize for his many years of research into the mechanisms of digestion.
1925 - until the end of his life, Pavlov headed the Institute of Physiology of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
1935 - at 14 International Congress physiologists Ivan Petrovich was crowned with the honorary title of “elder physiologists of the world.” Neither before nor after him, no biologist has received such an honor.
1936 - February 27, Pavlov dies of pneumonia. He was buried on the Literary Bridges of the Volkov Cemetery in St. Petersburg.

Cotenius Medal (1903)
Nobel Prize (1904)
Copley Medal (1915)
Croonian Lecture (1928)

Collecting

I. P. Pavlov collected beetles and butterflies, plants, books, stamps and works of Russian painting. I. S. Rosenthal recalled Pavlov’s story, which happened on March 31, 1928:

My first collecting began with butterflies and plants. Next was collecting stamps and paintings. And finally, all my passion turned to science... And now I cannot indifferently pass by a plant or a butterfly, especially those that are well known to me, without holding it in my hands, examining it from all sides, stroking it, or admiring it. And all this gives me a pleasant impression.

In the mid-1890s, in his dining room one could see several shelves hung on the wall with specimens of butterflies he had caught. Coming to Ryazan to visit his father, he devoted a lot of time to hunting insects. In addition, at his request, various native butterflies were brought to him from various medical expeditions.
He placed a butterfly from Madagascar, given for his birthday, at the center of his collection. Not content with these methods of replenishing the collection, he himself raised butterflies from caterpillars collected with the help of the boys.

If Pavlov began collecting butterflies and plants in his youth, then the beginning of collecting stamps is unknown. However, philately has become no less a passion; Once, back in pre-revolutionary times, during a visit to the Institute of Experimental Medicine by a Siamese prince, he complained that his stamp collection lacked Siamese stamps, and a few days later the collection of I.P. Pavlov was already decorated with a series of stamps of the Siamese state. To replenish the collection, all acquaintances who received correspondence from abroad were involved.

Collecting books was unique: on the birthday of each of the six family members, a collection of works by a writer was bought as a gift.

The collection of paintings by I. P. Pavlov began in 1898, when he bought a portrait of his five-year-old son, Volodya Pavlov, from the widow of N. A. Yaroshenko; Once upon a time, the artist was amazed by the boy’s face and persuaded his parents to allow him to pose. The second painting, painted by N. N. Dubovsky, depicting the evening sea in Sillamyagi with a burning fire, was donated by the author. And thanks to her, Pavlov developed a great interest in painting. However, the collection for a long time was not replenished; It was only during the revolutionary times of 1917, when some collectors began to sell the paintings they owned, that Pavlov assembled an excellent collection. It contained paintings by I.E. Repin, Surikov, Levitan, Viktor Vasnetsov, Semiradsky and others. According to the story of M. V. Nesterov, with whom Pavlov became acquainted in 1931, Pavlov’s collection of paintings included Lebedev, Makovsky, Berggolts, Sergeev. Currently, part of the collection is presented in Pavlov’s museum-apartment in St. Petersburg, on Vasilyevsky Island. Pavlov understood painting in his own way, endowing the author of the painting with thoughts and plans that he, perhaps, did not have; often, carried away, he began to talk about what he himself would have put into it, and not about what he himself actually saw.

Awards named after I. P. Pavlov

The first award named after the great scientist was the I.P. Pavlov Prize, established by the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1934 and awarded for the best scientific work in the field of physiology. Its first laureate in 1937 was Leon Abgarovich Orbeli, one of best students Ivan Petrovich, his like-minded person and associate.

In 1949, in connection with the 100th anniversary of the birth of the scientist, the USSR Academy of Sciences was established gold medal named after I.P. Pavlov, which is awarded for a set of works on the development of the teachings of Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. Its peculiarity is that works that have previously been awarded a state prize, as well as personal state prizes, are not accepted for the gold medal named after I.P. Pavlov. That is, the work performed must be truly new and outstanding. This award was first awarded in 1950 by Konstantin Mikhailovich Bykov for the successful, fruitful development of the legacy of I.P. Pavlov.

In 1974, a commemorative medal was made for the 125th anniversary of the birth of the great scientist.

There is a medal of I.P. Pavlov of the Leningrad Physiological Society.

In 1998, on the eve of the 150th anniversary of the birth of I. P. Pavlov Russian Academy Natural Sciences established a silver medal named after I. P. Pavlov “For the development of medicine and healthcare.”

In memory of Academician Pavlov, Pavlov readings were held in Leningrad.

The brilliant naturalist was 87 years old when his life was interrupted. Pavlov's death came as a complete surprise to everyone. Despite his advanced age, he was physically very strong, burned with ebullient energy, worked tirelessly, enthusiastically made plans for further work, and, of course, thought least of all about death...
In a letter to I.M. Maisky (USSR Ambassador to England) in October 1935, several months after contracting influenza with complications, Pavlov wrote:
“Damn flu! It knocked down my confidence in living to be a hundred years old. The tail from it still remains, although I still do not allow changes in the distribution and size of my activities.”

MedicInform.net›History of Medicine›Biographies›Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

You have to live 150 years

Pavlov was in good health and never got sick. Moreover, he was convinced that human body designed for a very long life. “Don’t upset your heart with grief, don’t poison yourself with tobacco potion, and you will live as long as Titian (99 years),” said the academician. He generally proposed that the death of a person under 150 years of age be considered “violent.”

However, he himself died at the age of 87, and very mysterious death. One day he felt unwell, which he considered “flu-like,” and did not attach any importance to the illness. However, succumbing to the persuasion of his relatives, he nevertheless invited a doctor, and he gave him some kind of injection. After some time, Pavlov realized that he was dying.
By the way, he was treated by Dr. D. Pletnev, who was executed in 1941 for the “incorrect” treatment of Gorky.

Was he poisoned by the NKVD?

The unexpected death of an old, but still quite strong academician, caused a wave of rumors that his death could be “accelerated.” Note that this happened in 1936, on the eve of the start of the “Great Purge.” Even then, the former pharmacist Yagoda created the famous “laboratory of poisons” to eliminate political opponents.

In addition, Pavlov’s public statements against Soviet power were well known to everyone. They said that he was then almost the only person in the USSR who was not afraid to do this openly and actively spoke out in defense of the innocently repressed. In Petrograd, supporters of Zinoviev, who ruled there, openly threatened the brave scientist: “After all, we can hurt you, Mr. Professor! - they promised. However, the communists did not dare to arrest the world-famous Nobel Prize laureate.

Outwardly, Pavlov’s death strongly resembles the same strange death of another great Petersburger, Academician Bekhterev, who discovered Stalin’s paranoia.
He, too, was quite strong and healthy, although old, but he died just as quickly after being visited by “Kremlin” doctors. The historian of physiology Yaroshevsky wrote:
“It is quite possible that the NKVD authorities “eased” Pavlov’s suffering.”

Source(http://www.spbdnevnik.ru/?show=article&id=1499)
justsay.ru›zagadka-smerti-akademika-1293

Perhaps every Russian person is very familiar with the surname Pavlov. The great academician is known both for his life and death. Many people are familiar with the story of his death - in last hours life, he called on his best students and, using the example of his body, explained the processes occurring in a dying body. However, there is a version that he was poisoned in 1936 for his political views.

Many experts believe that Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was the greatest scientist of St. Petersburg, second only to Lomonosov. He was a graduate of St. Petersburg University. In 1904 he received the Nobel Prize for his work on the physiology of digestion and circulation. He was the first Russian to win this prize.

His works on the physiology of the nervous system and the theory of “conditioned reflexes” became famous throughout the world. Outwardly, he was stern - a thick white beard, a firm face and rather bold statements, both in politics and in science. For many decades, it was by his appearance that many imagined a true Russian scientist. During his life, he received many invitations to the most prestigious world universities, but he did not want to leave his native country.

Even after the Revolution died down, when life was quite difficult for him, like many representatives of the intelligentsia, he did not agree to leave Russia. His home was repeatedly searched, six gold medals were taken, as was the Nobel Prize, which was kept in a Russian bank. But what offended the scientist most of all was not this, but Bukharin’s impudent statement, in which he called the professors robbers. Pavlov was indignant: “Am I the robber?”

There were also moments when Pavlov almost died of hunger. It was at this time that the great academician was visited by his friend the science fiction writer from England, Herbert Wells. And seeing the life of an academician, he was simply horrified. The corner of the office of the genius who received the Nobel Prize was littered with turnips and potatoes, which he grew with his students so as not to die of hunger.

However, over time the situation changed. Lenin personally gave instructions according to which Pavlov began to receive enhanced academic rations. In addition, normal communal conditions were created for him.

But even after all the hardships, Pavlov did not want to leave his country! Although he had such an opportunity - he was allowed to travel abroad. So he visited England, France, Finland, and the USA.

Tainy.net›24726-strannaya…akademika-pavlova.html

The purpose of this article is to find out the cause of death of the Russian scientist, the first Russian Nobel laureate, physiologist IVAN PETROVICH PAVLOV according to his FULL NAME code.

Watch "Logicology - about the fate of man" in advance.

Let's look at the FULL NAME code tables. \If there is a shift in numbers and letters on your screen, adjust the image scale\.

16 17 20 32 47 50 60 63 64 78 94 100 119 136 151 154 164 188
P A V L O V I V A N P E T R O V I C H
188 172 171 168 156 141 138 128 125 124 110 94 88 69 52 37 34 24

10 13 14 28 44 50 69 86 101 104 114 138 154 155 158 170 185 188
I V A N P E T R O V I C H P A V L O V
188 178 175 174 160 144 138 119 102 87 84 74 50 34 33 30 18 3

PAVLOV IVAN PETROVICH = 188.

188 = 86-DIES + 102-FROM DISEASE.

101 = DIES O*(t)
____________________
102 = O*T DISEASE

188 = 138-DYING + 50-FROM P(neumonia).

188 = 172-DYING FROM + 16-P(neumonia).

16 = P*(neumonia)
___________________________________
188 = DYING FROM P*(neumonia)

Marked with an asterisk (reference letters of the NAME code).

Reference:

Med-kurator.com›organy-dyhaniya/pnevmoniya…
Turbo
Pneumonia, or pneumonia, is a viral disease that... increases the temperature to any number - it can be a high fever (39-40 degrees) or a prolonged low-grade fever (37-37.5 degrees)...

50 = LIGHT*
____________________________
144 = HAD PNEUMONIA*(s)

154 = HAD P*NEUMONIA
____________________________
50 = FROM P*(neumonia)

DATE OF DEATH code: 02/27/1936. This = 27 + 02 + 19 + 36 = 29-(27 + 2)-...PAL + 55-(19 + 36)-...ENIYO(gkih) = 84.

84 = (re)BURNING LЁ(gkih).

5 8 9 14 37 38 57 86 104 110 115 144 157 172 178 199 205 208 225 226 238 270
T W A D C A T S E D M O E F E V R A L Y
270 265 262 261 256 233 232 213 184 166 160 155 126 113 98 92 71 65 62 45 44 32

D(breathing) (prev)B(ano) + (stop)A (ser)DCA + (death)TH + CE(r)D(tse) (stopped)b + (pnev)MO(niya) + (dying) E + (catastro)F(a) + (mon)EV(monia) + (zakupo)R(k)A L(light) + (deceased)I

270 = D,V, + ,A,DCA + ,ТH + CE,D,L + ,MO, + ,E + ,F, + ,EV, + ,R,A L, + ,I.

101 = (c)THE FUCKING PHYSICAL (liar)
__________________________
102 = (two)Twenty (double)

101 = DIES O*(t)
____________________
102 = O*T DISEASE

Number code full YEARS LIVES: 164-EIGHTY + 97-SIX = 261.

3 18 36 42 55 84 89 95 113 145 164 189 195 213 232 261
EIGHTY SIX
261 258 243 225 219 206 177 172 166 148 116 97 72 66 48 29

145 = PASSED AWAY
__________________
148 = choked

"Deep" decryption offers the following option, in which all columns match:

VOS(burning) (pulmonary)E + (s)M(ert)b + D(yhan)E (interrupted)SYA + (death)T(b) + (died)Sh(iy) + (stopped)E(but ) + S(heart) + (death)TH

261 = BOS,E + ,M,b + D,E,SIA + ,T, + ,Sh, + ,E, + S, + ,Т.

Reference:

Pulmonary inflammation - articles verified by doctors
Yandex.Health
The term “pneumonia” refers to a special vocabulary, “pneumonia” – to a commonly used one, but both of them are widely known today and, unfortunately, are heard often. We are talking about an infectious inflammatory process in the lungs...

Look at the column in the lower table of the FULL NAME code:

86 = (c) EIGHT (is)
__________________________
119 = (eighty)YAT SIX(s)

86 = FROM VOSP (lung loss)
______________________________
119 = (from inflammation) of the lungs (x)

None of the Russian scientists of the 19th-20th centuries, not even D.I. Mendeleev, did not receive such fame abroad as academician Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849-1936). “This is the star that illuminates the world, shedding light on paths not yet explored,” said Herbert Wells about him. It was called "romantic, almost legendary personality", "citizen of the world." He was a member of 130 academies, universities and international societies. He is considered the recognized leader of world physiological science, a favorite teacher of doctors, and a true hero of creative work.

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was born in Ryazan on September 26, 1849 in the family of a priest. At the request of his parents, Pavlov graduated from theological school, and in 1864 he entered the Ryazan Theological Seminary.

However, a different fate was destined for him. In his father's extensive library, he once found a book by G.G. Levy “Physiology of Everyday Life” with colorful illustrations that captured his imagination. Another strong impression on Ivan Petrovich in his youth was made by the book, which he later remembered with gratitude all his life. This was the study of the father of Russian physiology, Ivan Mikhailovich Sechenov, “Reflexes of the Brain.” Perhaps it would not be an exaggeration to say that the theme of this book formed the leitmotif of the entire creative activity Pavlova.

In 1869, he left the seminary and first entered the Faculty of Law, and then transferred to the natural sciences department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of St. Petersburg University. Here, under the influence of the famous Russian physiologist Professor I.F. Zion, he forever connected his life with physiology. After graduating from university I.P. Pavlov decided to expand his knowledge of physiology, in particular human physiology and pathology. For this purpose, in 1874 he entered the Medical-Surgical Academy. Having completed it brilliantly, Pavlov received a two-year business trip abroad. Upon his arrival from abroad, he devoted himself entirely to science.

All works on physiology carried out by I.P. Pavlov for almost 65 years, mainly grouped around three sections of physiology: circulatory physiology, digestive physiology and brain physiology. Pavlov introduced a chronic experiment that made it possible to study the activity of a practically healthy organism. Using the developed method of conditioned reflexes, he established that the basis mental activity are the physiological processes occurring in the cerebral cortex. Pavlov's research into the physiology of higher nervous activity had a great influence on the development of physiology, psychology and pedagogy.

Works by I.P. Pavlov’s blood circulation problems are associated mainly with his activities in the laboratory at the clinic of the famous Russian doctor Sergei Petrovich Botkin from 1874 to 1885. The passion for research completely absorbed him during this period. He abandoned his house, forgot about his material needs, his suit and even his young wife. His comrades more than once took part in the fate of Ivan Petrovich, wanting to help him in some way. One day they collected some money for I.P. Pavlova, wanting to support him financially. I.P. Pavlov accepted friendly help, but with this money he bought a whole pack of dogs to carry out the experiment that interested him.

The first major discovery that made him famous was the discovery of the so-called amplifying nerve of the heart. This discovery served as the initial impetus for the creation scientific teaching about nervous trophism. The entire series of works on this topic was formalized in the form of a doctoral dissertation entitled “Centrifugal Nerves of the Heart,” which he defended in 1883.

Already during this period, one fundamental feature was discovered scientific creativity I.P. Pavlova - to study a living organism in its holistic, natural behavior. Work by I.P. Pavlova in the Botkin laboratory brought him great creative satisfaction, but the laboratory itself was not convenient enough. That's why I.P. In 1890, Pavlov happily accepted the offer to take over the department of physiology at the newly organized Institute of Experimental Medicine. In 1901 he was elected a corresponding member, and in 1907 a full member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. In 1904, Ivan Petrovich Pavlov received the Nobel Prize for his work on digestion.

Pavlov's teaching on conditioned reflexes was the logical conclusion of all those physiological experiments that he performed on blood circulation and digestion.

I.P. Pavlov looked into the deepest and most mysterious processes human brain. He explained the mechanism of sleep, which turned out to be a type of special nervous process of inhibition that spreads throughout the cerebral cortex.

In 1925 I.P. Pavlov headed the Institute of Physiology of the USSR Academy of Sciences and opened two clinics at his laboratory: nervous and psychiatric, where he successfully applied the experimental results he obtained in the laboratory to treat nervous and mental illnesses. A particularly important achievement recent years works by I.P. Pavlov was the study of the hereditary properties of certain types of nervous activity. To resolve this issue, I.P. Pavlov significantly expanded his biological station in Koltushi near Leningrad - a real city of science - for which the Soviet government allocated more than 12 million rubles.

Teaching of I.P. Pavlova became the foundation for the development of world science. Special Pavlovian laboratories were created in America, England, France and other countries. On February 27, 1936, Ivan Petrovich Pavlov passed away. After a short illness, he died at the age of 87. The funeral service according to the Orthodox rite, according to his will, was performed in the church in Koltushi, after which a farewell ceremony took place in the Tauride Palace. An honor guard was installed at the coffin scientific workers Universities, technical colleges, scientific institutes, members of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

None of the Russian scientists of the 19th-20th centuries, not even D.I. Mendeleev, did not receive such fame abroad as academician Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849-1936). “This is the star that illuminates the world, shedding light on paths not yet explored,” Herbert Wells said about him. He was called a “romantic, almost legendary figure”, “citizen of the world.” He was a member of 130 academies, universities and international societies. He is considered the recognized leader of world physiological science, a favorite teacher of doctors, and a true hero of creative work.

However, a different fate was destined for him. In his father's extensive library, he once found a book by G.G. Levy “Physiology of Everyday Life” with colorful illustrations that captured his imagination. Another strong impression on Ivan Petrovich in his youth was made by the book, which he later remembered with gratitude all his life. This was the study of the father of Russian physiology, Ivan Mikhailovich Sechenov, “Reflexes of the Brain.” Perhaps it is not an exaggeration to say that the theme of this book formed the leitmotif of Pavlov’s entire creative activity.

All works on physiology carried out by I.P. Pavlov for almost 65 years, mainly grouped around three sections of physiology: circulatory physiology, digestive physiology and brain physiology. Pavlov introduced a chronic experiment that made it possible to study the activity of a practically healthy organism. Using the developed method of conditioned reflexes, he established that the basis of mental activity is the physiological processes occurring in the cerebral cortex. Pavlov's research into the physiology of higher nervous activity had a great influence on the development of physiology, psychology and pedagogy.

The first major discovery that made him famous was the discovery of the so-called amplifying nerve of the heart. This discovery served as the initial impetus for the creation of the scientific doctrine of nervous trophism. The entire series of works on this topic was formalized in the form of a doctoral dissertation entitled “Centrifugal Nerves of the Heart,” which he defended in 1883.

Already during this period, one fundamental feature of I.P.’s scientific creativity was revealed. Pavlova - to study a living organism in its holistic, natural behavior. Work by I.P. Pavlova in the Botkin laboratory brought him great creative satisfaction, but the laboratory itself was not convenient enough. That's why I.P. In 1890, Pavlov happily accepted the offer to take over the department of physiology at the newly organized Institute of Experimental Medicine. In 1901 he was elected a corresponding member, and in 1907 a full member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. In 1904, Ivan Petrovich Pavlov received the Nobel Prize for his work on digestion.

Pavlov's teaching on conditioned reflexes was the logical conclusion of all those physiological experiments that he performed on blood circulation and digestion.

I.P. Pavlov looked into the deepest and most mysterious processes of the human brain. He explained the mechanism of sleep, which turned out to be a type of special nervous process of inhibition that spreads throughout the cerebral cortex.

In 1925 I.P. Pavlov headed the Institute of Physiology of the USSR Academy of Sciences and opened two clinics at his laboratory: nervous and psychiatric, where he successfully applied the experimental results he obtained in the laboratory to treat nervous and mental illnesses. A particularly important achievement in recent years of work by I.P. Pavlov was the study of the hereditary properties of certain types of nervous activity. To resolve this issue, I.P. Pavlov significantly expanded his biological station in Koltushi near Leningrad - a real city of science - for which the Soviet government allocated more than 12 million rubles.

Teaching of I.P. Pavlova became the foundation for the development of world science. Special Pavlovian laboratories were created in America, England, France and other countries. On February 27, 1936, Ivan Petrovich Pavlov passed away. After a short illness, he died at the age of 87. The funeral service according to the Orthodox rite, according to his will, was performed in the church in Koltushi, after which a farewell ceremony took place in the Tauride Palace. An honor guard of scientists from universities, technical colleges, scientific institutes, and members of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences was installed at the coffin.

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was born on September 14 (26), 1849, in Ryazan. Learning to read and write began when Ivan was eight years old. But he sat down at school only after 3 years. The reason for this delay was a severe injury that he received while laying out apples to dry.

After recovery, Ivan became a student at the theological seminary. He studied well and quickly became a tutor, helping his classmates who were lagging behind.

As a high school student, Pavlov became acquainted with the works of V. G. Belinsky, N. A. Dobrolyubov, A. I. Herzen, and was imbued with their ideas. But the theological seminary graduate did not become a fiery revolutionary. Ivan soon became interested in natural science.

The work of I.M. Sechenov, “Reflexes of the Brain,” had a huge influence on the young man.

After finishing 6th grade, Ivan realized that he did not want to follow the previously chosen path and began to prepare to enter the university.

Further training

In 1870, Ivan Petrovich moved to St. Petersburg and became a student at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics. As in the gymnasium, he studied well and received an imperial scholarship.

As he studied, Pavlov became more and more interested in physiology. The final choice was made by him under the influence of Professor I.F. Zion, who lectured at the institute. Pavlov was delighted not only with the art of conducting experiments, but also with the amazing artistry of the teacher.

In 1875, Pavlov graduated from the institute with honors.

Main achievements

In 1876, Ivan Pavlov got a job as an assistant in the laboratory of the Medical-Surgical Academy. For 2 years he conducted research on the physiology of blood circulation.

The works of the young scientist were highly appreciated by S.P. Botkin, who invited him to his place. Accepted as a laboratory assistant, Pavlov actually headed the laboratory. During his collaboration with Botkin, he achieved amazing results in the study of the physiology of blood circulation and digestion.

Pavlov came up with the idea of introducing a chronic experiment into practice, with the help of which the researcher has the opportunity to study the activity of a healthy organism.

Having developed the method of conditioned reflexes, Ivan Petrovich established that the physiological processes occurring in the cerebral cortex are the basis of mental activity.

Pavlov's research into the physiology of GNI had a huge impact both on medicine and physiology, as well as on psychology and pedagogy.

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov became the Nobel Prize laureate in 1904.

Death

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov passed away on February 27, 1936, in Leningrad. The cause of death was acute pneumonia. Ivan Petrovich was buried at the Volkovsky cemetery. His death was perceived by the people as a personal loss.

Other biography options

Studying the short biography of Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, you should know that he was an irreconcilable opponent of the party.
In his youth, Ivan Pavlov was fond of collecting. At first he collected a collection of butterflies, and then became interested in collecting stamps.
The outstanding scientist was left-handed. He had poor vision all his life. He complained that he “couldn’t see anything without his glasses.”
Pavlov read a lot. He was interested not only in professional, but also fiction. According to contemporaries, despite the lack of time, Pavlov read each book twice.
The academician was an avid debater. He was a master of discussion, and few could compare with him in this art. At the same time, the scientist did not like it when people quickly agreed with him.

Biography. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov: brief biography and contribution to science Where Ivan Petrovich Pavlov is buried

Further training

Main achievements

Death

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