Vital activity, life are comfortable conditions for a person. Decrease in the quality and comfort of the living environment. The comfort of the environment is manifested by means of what

Comfort and discomfort, concepts reflecting the degree of compliance with the conditions of direct contact with a person environment his needs for proper rest, his acquisition of psycho-emotional (“mental”) and functional balance.

The problem of comfortable and uncomfortable conditions for a long time was and often continues to be considered narrowly - in relation to the totality of available household amenities: the amenities of housing, some public buildings and structures (for example, hotels, bathhouses, sanatorium-resorts, hospitals, entertainment), the volume and quality of services provided by public service institutions. However, this, although legitimate, but rather one-sided approach is not able to adequately provide an understanding of comfort and discomfort as a broader conditional assessment measure of medical-biological and socio-psychological favorableness of environmental conditions for maintaining and strengthening physical, mental and social health person. This can only be achieved if the utilitarian living conditions of a person are considered and assessed in inextricable connection with the social and natural factors affecting him. It is the analysis of the totality of everyday, social and natural factors that influence a person that forms an objective basis for assessing the comfort of the conditions of his stay in it. The subjective imprint on such an assessment is left by the individual characteristics, requests and needs (physiological, mental, social) of a particular person associated with his personal perception and assessment of the surrounding reality: in the same environment, one person is able to feel like a fish in water , to experience a feeling of comfortable being in it, another - to evaluate it as uncomfortable, irritating (for example, a northerner in the hot south, a southerner in the north). The latter, however, does not exclude the presence of a certain average minimum of requirements for the environment common to all people. deviation from which is accompanied by a feeling of discomfort, dissatisfaction and other factors that can bring the body out of a state of equilibrium with possible negative consequences for health (not only physical, but also mental and moral).

In historical terms, with the development of society (social, scientific, technical, spiritual) lower limit this minimum and the breadth of ideas about it inevitably increased: much that seemed exceptionally comfortable in past eras lost its meaning and high appreciation in the future, while simultaneously expanding the range of “benefits of civilization” included in the understanding of comfort (for example, modern man cannot give preference to the most comfortable and cozy carriage of the 19th century over the comfort provided by the cabin of a modern car, or the conveniences of a yurt or an ordinary hut over the conveniences of a modern residential building).

Comfortable living conditions

To date, the possibilities of creating comfortable conditions for human life have reached such a level that the latter have often begun to be assessed as “greenhouse” and, in a number of ways, negative for human health due to their artificiality, isolation of a person from natural conditions, in which it was originally formed and evolved. It should be recognized that “comfort beyond measure”, manifested, for example, in such a phenomenon as “materialism”, is just as not harmless to a person as the discomfort of material and psychological unsettlement. An indirect reflection of this is the prevailing developed countries demographic situations (an increase in the birth rate until their population reaches a certain level of material and living security and well-being with its subsequent decline with a further increase in well-being), an increase in the incidence of people due to evolutionary unpreparedness human body to the action of many surrounding technogenic factors (new chemical substances, energy, physical radiation; for example, the “comfort” created by TV can result in eye diseases), decreased physical activity (physical inactivity), and an increase in the number of people who are overweight or obese. Consequently, only those conditions and the microenvironment surrounding a person can be recognized as objectively comfortable, which provide opportunities for the implementation of healthy image life.

From a medical point of view, comfort is understood as a combination of a complex of hygienic working and rest conditions. Comfortable conditions presuppose the creation of optimal environmental conditions for a person, conducive to active, effective work and rest.

The components that form comfortable living conditions for humans are, first of all, the microclimate of the premises, fresh air, rationally organized lighting, silence, general living conditions, home interior. A special place in creating comfortable working and living conditions is given to the microclimate of the premises, which means temperature and humidity, as well as the speed of its movement.

Comfortable temperature

In our country, optimal microclimate values ​​have been developed and used in the design and construction of housing in relation to various climatic zones. So, for northern latitudes in cold period year, the temperature in residential premises should be 21-22 °C, and in temperate and southern latitudes, respectively, 18-20 °C. Permissible air humidity for all climatic zones is 30-60%, air speed is 0.1-0.25 m/sec. The conditions for human comfort when staying in enclosed spaces are largely determined by the air conditions. To maintain the necessary air exchange, it is sufficient to supply 30 m3/hour of air into the room per adult and 20 m3/hour per child. To ensure air comfort in residential premises, the electrical state of the air environment is of certain importance. The optimal air environment, from a hygienic point of view, is one in which 1 cm3 contains from 1500 to 3000 positive and from 3000 to 5000 negative light ions. An increase in the number of heavy ions in the air is a sign of deterioration in the indoor air conditions.

Comfortable sound background

Important component comfort - silence. A set of architectural, planning and organizational measures provides for maintaining noise levels in homes that do not harm the health and well-being of citizens. The permissible noise level in apartments during the daytime (from 7 am to 11 pm) is a noise intensity equal to 40 decibels (dB), and at night - 30 dB. Decibel - relative physical quantity noise intensity measurements.

Comfortable lighting

The light regime of a home also has a great influence on a person’s well-being, his performance, and overall vitality. Light comfort in modern homes is maintained by a combination of a certain level of natural (daylight) and artificial lighting. As a criterion for assessing the level of natural lighting, the natural lighting coefficient (KLC) is taken, which is the ratio of the illumination created inside the room to the illumination outside. For most areas, KEO in residential premises should be from 0.4 to 0.5%.

Artificial lighting is important for humans, because it is almost impossible to do without it. The basic hygienic requirements for artificial lighting boil down to the fact that there is enough of it and that it is good quality. The standardized values ​​of artificial illumination are 100 lux (lux) for living rooms and kitchens, 50 lux (lux) for corridors, bathrooms, toilets. The blinding effect of the light source on the organ of vision is unacceptable. For these purposes, lamps of various designs are used. Light should be evenly distributed throughout the room. Both incandescent lamps and low-pressure fluorescent lamps such as LD or LB can be used as a light source.

IN Everyday life ideas about the rational comfort of a person’s stay in a particular environment are realized through the use of its real, health-friendly preventive, restorative, therapeutic, aesthetic qualities, both directly by specific people (living arrangements), and through the social and industrial structures of society (medico-biological justification ideas about comfort and discomfort, solving social problems, establishing the production of consumer goods, improving the sphere of consumer services for the population). Life outside the sphere of production is the main area where individual human actions are carried out to create comfortable conditions in accordance with personal ideas about them. Discomfort in everyday life is the basis and an important source for the formation of stress and distress in the body. Comfortable living conditions presuppose, at a minimum, good sanitary and hygienic condition of residential and utility premises, their well-being, rational layout and equipment with the necessary furniture and household appliances, comfort and good conditions for recreation and household work. However, this purely practical aspect of comfort may lose all its value if it is not supplemented with conditions that ensure a favorable psycho-emotional environment in the family - proper character family relations and culture of communication. highly moral personal qualities family members, i.e. everyone. which provides a good moral and psychological atmosphere at home and outside. The latter can give a feeling of comfort, elation, cheerfulness and optimism even in less than the best living conditions. And vice versa, even the most comfortable “mansions” equipped with everything necessary cannot remove the destructive effect on health and the feeling of discomfort if they contain people who have lost respect for each other and are socially and psychologically incompatible with each other.

The importance of comfortable living conditions for human health can be significantly reduced if their “greenhouse” side encourages him to spend time passively. and increase if the time freed up due to everyday life and home appliances is used by him for physical and spiritual self-improvement. The society improves the comfort of housing through the introduction of scientifically based building codes and regulations, the introduction of supervision over compliance with sanitation and hygiene requirements, the implementation of programs for the development of housing construction, healthcare, the service sector and the production of cultural and household goods, and the creation of conditions for the introduction of a healthy lifestyle into everyday life. . It also takes on the main burden of care for creating comfortable conditions for psycho-emotional relief, physical improvement and strengthening human health in conditions of production and stay outside of homes. Such concerns, for example, include issues of planning and landscaping populated areas(municipal hygiene), combating environmental pollution, arranging youth recreation, developing and improving the material and technical base for physical education, sports and tourism, and others that help a person feel his physical and social usefulness, achieve proper harmony and feeling in his development unity with its environment.

The article was prepared and edited by: surgeon

The quality of human life depends on many factors. But in most cases, good health and mood, as well as high performance, are determined by only a few conditions. And with the proper desire, almost every person can provide them for themselves. But in conditions labor activity this task falls on the shoulders of managers and organizers of the work process. So the topic of our conversation today will be comfortable living conditions for humans. Let's talk about it, as well as about what comfortable living conditions for a person in general are in a little more detail.

A person is a complex organism that can only exist in special environmental conditions that allow internal tissues and organs to maintain balance. However, influencing factors outside world constantly changing, which forces our body to react to them accordingly. To weaken them negative influence people have to create comfortable living conditions for themselves: the cost of housing, the use of clothing, various equipment, for example, air conditioners, fans, heaters, etc. It is worth noting that when fast movement from country to country and to different climatic zones, it is more difficult for the body to maintain consistency internal environment. What conditions can be considered comfortable for life?

Over the entire period of historical development, people have adapted to special conditions; we have become accustomed to living in a familiar, native place. Such adaptability is expressed in differences in skin color, in the shape and color of the eyes, as well as in the structure of the body and the peculiarities of the course of metabolic processes. Therefore, the characteristics of the surrounding world in which people feel comfortable differ.

So, in the conditions of the middle zone, most people maintain optimal health, and their heat exchange takes place at an adequate level at temperatures from 17.3 C to about 21.7 C. These are average data for a naked person. And in clothing, the comfort parameters are somewhat different - from 16.7C to about 20.6C. If a person lives in the north or south, then the limits of comfort, accordingly, look different.

As for comfortable living conditions indoors, they are possible at a temperature of 18-20C and a relative humidity of 40-60%.

It is worth noting that high temperature has a less negative impact on human comfort when the air is more dry. However, if the relative humidity drops to 30% or less (for example, in the mountains or in the desert), a person’s skin and mucous membranes begin to dry out, discomfort in the throat and nose also appears, and cracking of the lips occurs.

However, for certain people dry air can be comfortable and beneficial, for example, for kidney diseases. Indeed, in hot and dry conditions, the load on the kidneys decreases, since the excretion function is mostly carried out by the skin. However, extreme heat - 40-45C - is a serious load for other systems and organs of the human body, especially for the heart and blood vessels.

As for too high humidity, this condition also makes life uncomfortable. If this indicator increases to 60% or more, sweat appears on a person’s skin and does not disappear. And in the room, surrounding objects become damp.

Elevated air temperatures combined with high relative humidity create particularly uncomfortable living conditions for people.

Human sensations also depend on the movement of air masses. The comfortable or uncomfortable effect of wind on the human body depends on its strength, as well as on the ambient temperature and relative humidity. In addition, the level of comfort in windy conditions is affected by the terrain and time of day. If the air temperature is close to zero or even lower, and the humidity level is quite high, hypothermia may develop. If such conditions are accompanied by a cold wind, the cooling increases significantly and causes chills. However, in the heat, a slight breeze brings relief.

It is worth noting that exactly the same environmental influences can be perceived differently by people living in different populated areas, or at different times of the year. For example, the same temperature and humidity can be perceived as warmth in the fall, and as cold in the spring.

Also, under the same weather, the physiological indicators of the body (heat production, sweating, etc.) may differ between immobile people and those who are in a state of physical activity.

Comfortable human living conditions in the workplace

Many people experience disturbances in their comfortable functioning while doing work. Fortunately, the legislation clearly states what working conditions should be, and they depend on the characteristics of production. The employer must monitor compliance with SanPiN (sanitary norms and rules) and provide its employees with the most comfortable working conditions.

To achieve them, they resort to ventilation, heating, ventilation (including mechanical and aeration). Air conditioning can be provided. Providing sufficient lighting – artificial and natural – also plays an important role.

It must be remembered that insufficiently comfortable working conditions cause, which in turn significantly impairs performance.

Thus, the comfort of human life depends on many factors, most of which can be controlled and regulated.

Folk recipes

Insufficiently comfortable living conditions can cause a number of unpleasant symptoms and even serious health problems. Thus, low relative humidity and working in unsuitable conditions (for example, in dusty rooms) can lead to dry eyes. Getting rid of such an unpleasant symptom is not easy - you need to consult an ophthalmologist, or you can resort to the use of traditional medicine.

So you can cope with unpleasant dryness with the help of ordinary chamomile. Brew a couple of crushed flowers of this plant with one glass of boiling water. Cool this product under the lid, then strain. Use the ready-made medicine to apply lotions: just blot a couple of cotton pads with it and apply them to closed eyelids for at least a quarter of an hour.

You can cope with dry eyes with regular green tea. Pour forty grams of tea leaves into a glass of just boiled water. Infuse this medicine under the lid for one hour. Afterwards, strain the finished drink and also use it for applying and lotions, and for washing the mucous membranes of the eyes.

You can cope with the problem of dry eyes using homemade drops. To prepare them, you need to heat fifteen grams of honey in a water bath until dissolved. Pour thirty milliliters of warm, pre-boiled water into the container and mix thoroughly. Apply the product for instillation into the conjunctival sac. Repeat this procedure every day for one week. To make the medicine even more effective, add five milliliters of freshly squeezed aloe juice to it.

To treat excessive dry eyes, you can prepare a medicine based on ordinary potatoes. Peel the fresh tubers, then rinse them in water and grate them on a fine grater. Squeeze the juice out of the resulting mass and apply it to your eyelids for seven to twelve minutes. To make the medicine more effective, add a couple of drops of freshly squeezed dill juice to the vegetable pulp.

Thus, ensuring comfortable living conditions plays an extremely important role in maintaining normal well-being and performance, as well as in preventing various health disorders.

The concept of health was formulated back in antiquity: “This is a state of mental and physical well-being that gives a person the opportunity to endure any hardships of life steadfastly and without losing composure” (Pericles, 5th century BC). Human health depends on the state of the environment, in which natural-ecological, socio-ecological and other factors operate. Population or public health, which is characterized by such indicators as average duration life, natural increase, infant mortality, etc.

1. Natural and environmental factors. Their impact has changed in the history of human relations with the natural environment. For a Paleolithic man, the main causes of death were injuries received during hunting and in skirmishes with other people, and in second place was hunger, and his average life expectancy did not exceed 26 years. The lack of food limited the number of people living together: Homo Homo sapiens lived in small groups of 20-25 people, and only towards the end of the Paleolithic did the groups of Homo Sapiens enlarge to 50-70 people.

Comfort of life was determined by the following abiotic factors How temperature(40% of the world's population lives in temperate deciduous forest); illumination(man, like his ancestors, primates, is a daytime sun-loving creature); set of microelements– (there are areas with different contents of microelements - natural biogeochemical provinces, for example, in the mountains there is not enough iodine, which causes endemic goiter, in other areas there is a deficiency of the metals Fe, Mg, Mn, which leads to anemia, etc.), combination of climatic factors(from the very beginning, people settled near aquatic ecosystems: river civilizations, later marine, and now oceanic); daily allowance And seasonal factors.

2. Social and environmental factors. In the 20th century The influence of the artificial, urbanized environment, “second nature,” is increasing, which creates its own diseases associated with physical inactivity, overeating, and psycho-emotional stress. In this regard, “diseases of the century” appeared - cardiovascular, oncological, allergic, mental illness, AIDS.

Environmental factors urban environment have the greatest influence on: 1) acceleration - an increase in size and body and earlier puberty, which is probably associated with improvement physical conditions life; 2) biological rhythms– daytime lifestyle is replaced by nightlife due to electric lighting, which has lengthened the day, which is fraught with mental disorders and sleep disorders; 3) allergization associated with disorders of the immune system and the appearance large quantity artificial compounds and pollutants; 4) an increase in oncological diseases, which are a consequence of intracellular mutations as a result of exposure to carcinogenic substances, various radiations, and oncoviruses; 5) an increase in the number of overweight people; 6) an increase in the proportion of newborns with low levels of physical maturity, which is an indicator of an extremely unfavorable state of the environment; 7) the emergence of new infectious diseases: influenza appeared at the beginning of the twentieth century, AIDS appeared in the 1980s, and later epidemics of hepatitis A, B and C, “SARS”, “bird flu”, etc. grew.

1. Security and comfort of human interaction with the environment

2. Influence of microclimate

3. Ventilation and air conditioning

4. Heating

5. Frostbite of tissues

1. Security and comfort of interaction with the environment.

Man and the environment interact only in conditions when the flows of energy, matter and information are within limits that are favorably perceived by man and the natural environment. Human interaction with the environment can be positive or negative; the nature of the interaction is determined by the flow of substances, energies and information. Any excess of the usual flow levels is accompanied by negative impacts on humans or the natural environment. In the technosphere, negative impacts are caused by elements of the technosphere (machines, structures, etc.) and human actions. By measuring the magnitude of any flow from the minimum significant to the maximum possible, you can

go through a number of characteristic states of interaction in the “person-environment” system: - comfortable(optimal), when flows correspond to optimal conditions of interaction: create optimal conditions for activity and rest; prerequisites for the manifestation of the highest ability to work and, as a consequence, productivity; guarantee

maintaining human health and the integrity of habitat components.

-acceptable, when flows, affecting humans and the environment, do not have a negative impact on health, but lead to discomfort, reducing the efficiency of human activity.

Compliance with the conditions of acceptable interaction guarantees the impossibility

the emergence and development of irreversible processes in humans and in the environment.

-dangerous, when flows exceed permissible levels and have a negative impact on human health, causing diseases during long-term interaction, and/or lead to degradation of the natural environment.

-extremely dangerous when flows are high

levels in a short period of time can cause injury, lead to death, and cause disturbances in the natural environment.

Of the four characteristic states of human interaction with the environment, only the first two (comfortable and acceptable) correspond to positive conditions

everyday activities, and the other two (dangerous and extremely dangerous) are unacceptable for human life processes, preservation and development

natural environment. Therefore, maintaining a comfortable and/or acceptable state is a way to increase a person’s security.

A comfortable state of living space in terms of microclimate and lighting is achieved by complying with regulatory requirements. As

comfort criteria establish the values ​​of indoor air temperature, humidity and mobility, compliance with regulatory requirements for

artificial lighting of premises and territories.

2. Influence of microclimate.

Parameters - the temperature of surrounding objects and the intensity of physical heating of the body characterize a specific production environment and

are very diverse. Other parameters are temperature, speed, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure of the surrounding air.

– are called microclimate parameters.

The air microclimate parameters that determine optimal metabolism in the body and in which there are no unpleasant sensations or tension in the body’s thermoregulation system are called comfortable or optimal.

Conditions under which a person’s normal thermal state is disrupted are called uncomfortable. Methods for reducing the adverse effects of primarily the industrial microclimate are carried out by a set of technological, sanitary-technical, organizational and medical-preventive measures: ventilation, thermal insulation of surfaces of thermal radiation sources (furnaces, pipelines with hot gases and liquids), replacement of old equipment with more modern equipment, use collective means of protection (shielding of workplaces or sources,

air showering, etc.) etc.

One of necessary conditions normal human life is to ensure normal conditions in rooms that have a significant impact on a person’s thermal well-being. Meteorological conditions or microclimate depend on the thermophysical characteristics of the technological process, climate, season of the year, heating and ventilation conditions.

Human activity is accompanied by the continuous release of heat into the environment. Its amount depends on the degree of physical stress in

certain climatic conditions and ranges from 85 J/s (at rest) to 500 J/s (at hard work). The heat transfer of the human body is determined by the temperature of the surrounding air and objects, the speed of movement and the relative humidity of the air. In order for physiological processes in the body to proceed normally, the heat generated by the body must be completely removed to the environment. An imbalance in heat balance can lead to overheating or hypothermia of the body and, as a result, loss of

disability, fatigue, loss of consciousness and heat death.

One of the important indicators of the thermal state of the body is the average body temperature ( internal organs) about 36.5 degrees C. It depends on the degree of disturbance of the thermal balance and the level of energy consumption when performing physical work. When performing moderate to heavy work at high air temperatures, body temperature can rise by several

tenths of a degree to 1.2 degrees C. The highest temperature of internal organs that a person can withstand is +45 degrees C., the minimum is +25 degrees C. Main

The temperature regime of the skin plays a role in heat transfer. Its temperature varies within quite significant limits and under normal conditions the average temperature of the skin under clothing is 30.34 degrees C. In case of unfavorable

meteorological conditions in certain parts of the body it can drop to 20 degrees C., and sometimes even lower.

Heat exchange between a person and the environment is carried out by convection as a result of washing the body with air, thermal conductivity, radiation to surrounding surfaces and in the process of heat exchange during the evaporation of moisture removed to the surface of the skin by sweat glands and during respiration.

Together with sweat, the body loses a significant amount of mineral salts (up to 1%, including 0.4-0.6 NaCl). Under unfavorable production conditions, loss

liquid - 8-10 liters per shift and up to 60 grams in it. table salt (total in the body is about 140 grams of NaCl). Loss of blood deprives the blood of its ability to retain water and leads to disruption of cardiovascular function.

systems. Also, at high temperatures, carbohydrates and fats are easily consumed and proteins are destroyed, which can also lead to negative consequences. It is considered acceptable for a person to reduce his weight by 2-3% by evaporating moisture - dehydration of the body. Dehydration of 6% leads to impairment

mental activity, decreased visual acuity; evaporation of moisture by 15-20% leads to death. To restore the water balance of those working at elevated temperatures, replenishment points with salted (about 0.5% NaCl) carbonated water are installed. In some cases, a protein-vitamin drink is used for this purpose. In hot climates, it is recommended to drink chilled water or tea.

Normal thermal well-being occurs when a person’s heat emission is completely perceived by the environment, because then there is thermal

balance. In this case, the temperature of the internal organs remains constant.

If the body's heat production cannot be completely transferred to the environment, the temperature of the internal organs increases, and such thermal well-being is characterized by the concept of “hot”. Overheating leads to hyperthermia - overheating of the body above the permissible level (up to 38-39 degrees C.), with the same symptoms as heat stroke. In the case when the environment perceives more heat than it is produced by a person, the body cools down (cold). Prolonged exposure to low temperatures, high air mobility and humidity can cause cooling and even hypothermia of the body - hypotemia.

Thermal insulation of a person at rest (resting while sitting or lying down) from the environment leads to an increase in the temperature of the internal organs by 1.2 degrees C after just 1 hour. Thermal insulation of a person performing moderate work will cause an increase in temperature by 5 degrees Celsius. and will come very close to the maximum permissible.

Human thermal well-being, thermal balance in the human-environment system. The environment depends on the ambient temperature. environment, mobility and relative humidity

air, atmospheric pressure, temperature of surrounding objects and the intensity of physical heating of the body. Exposure to too low temperatures can cause frostbite in human tissue, and exposure to

too high temperatures - cause burns.

Comfort of the living environment for human activity The best indicators of human performance and rest are achieved with a comfortable state of the living environment and with rational work and rest regimes. Comfort is the optimal combination of microclimate parameters, amenities and comfort in areas of human activity and recreation. A comfortable state of the living environment is achieved by the correct relative position of danger zones and human occupation zones, by reducing the size of dangerous zones by using eco-bioprotective equipment and means...

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7. Comfortable living environmentfor human activities

The best indicators of human performance and rest are achieved in a comfortable state of the living environment and with rational work and rest regimes.

Comfort this is the optimal combination of microclimate parameters, amenities, livability and comfort in areas of human activity and recreation.

A comfortable state of the living environment is achieved by the correct relative position of danger zones and human occupation zones, reducing the size of dangerous zones, and using eco-bioprotective equipment and personal protective equipment.

Comfortable and acceptable air parameters in work areas are regulated by state standards and are ensured mainly by the use of air conditioning, ventilation and heating systems. Standard values ​​of microclimate parameters in working areas of industrial premises depend on the category of work performed, the period of the year and some other indicators.

Artificial lighting plays an important role in achieving efficient activities. Rationally executed lighting has a psychophysiological effect on a person, helps to increase the efficiency of activities, reduces the tension of the visual organs, and increases the safety of activities.

Harmful and traumatic influences generated by technical systems form dangerous zones in the living space of the technosphere. Along with the dangerous zones in the living space, there are zones of human activity (stay). At homeresidential area, urban environment. Under production conditionswork area and workplace.

Work zone this is a space two meters high above the level of the floor or platform on which the workplace is located.

Workplace this is an area of ​​permanent or temporary activity of a worker.

The effectiveness of human activity largely depends on the organization of the workplace, including:

• correct location and layout of the workplace;
  • ensuring a comfortable posture and freedom of movement.

In addition, maintaining high performance is achieved by correct alternation of work and rest regimes.

By varying the relative position of dangerous zones and zones of human presence in space, one can significantly influence the solution of problems to ensure life safety. There are four fundamental options for the relative location of danger zones and human occupation zones:

• safe situation;
  • situation of short-term or local danger;
  • dangerous situation;
  • conditionally safe situation.

Only the first location option guarantees complete safety. Its implementation is possible, for example, with remote control or monitoring. In a situation of short-term or local hazard, a negative impact exists if a person is in the area for a short period of time (for example, performing an inspection or minor repairs).

In a dangerous situation, a negative impact on a person can be realized at any moment, and in a conditionally safe situationonly in case of violation of the functional integrity of protective equipment (as a rule, personal protective equipment, surveillance booths, and so on).

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