EntrancePresentation on the history of Kuban. Presentation. Kuban is a multinational region
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Symbols Krasnodar region Kuban studies lesson
Historical background The anthem of the Krasnodar Territory is a work based on poetry by the regimental priest Father Konstanin Obraztsov, set to folk music arranged by Professor Viktor Zakharchenko (Law of the Krasnodar Territory “On the Symbols of the Krasnodar Territory” dated May 5, 1995 N 5-KZ, adopted on March 24, 1995 by the Legislative Assembly Krasnodar Territory, chapter 3, article 16). Historical information: The folk song “You, Kuban, You are our Motherland” was written in 1914 on the Russian-Turkish front. It was dedicated to the Cossacks of the 1st Caucasian Cossack Regiment in memory of their military glory in the First World War. The author of the words is the regimental priest Konstantin Obraztsov. The song immediately attracted the attention of the soldiers. The military songs of their repertoire, as a rule, described pictures of campaigns and battles where the Cossacks took part. But in the new song there is nothing battle-like, external, descriptive. She conveys her content and feelings in a humanly simple, sincere and at the same time wise, majestic way. The lyrics of the song are written in the form of a greeting message, a collective letter to Kuban. The Cossacks remember the “free villages: their father’s home” and fight to the death with the “infidel enemy” so that their holy homeland lives. At first the song was performed in a small circle of front-line soldiers. A year or two later, all the Kuban units of the active army began singing it. During the civil war, it was the official anthem of the Kuban Rada. And during the Great Patriotic War, the song raised the morale of the Cossacks and together with them walked the victorious path from the banks of the Kuban to the Elbe. It was heard in Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Germany. Currently, the song personifies Kuban. In March 1995, the Legislative Assembly of the Krasnodar Territory approved it as the anthem of the Krasnodar Territory.
Anthem of the Krasnodar Territory YOU, KUBAN, YOU, OUR MOTHERLAND You, Kuban, you, our homeland, Our age-old hero! Abundant, free-flowing, You have spilled into the distance and breadth. From the distant lands of the midday, From the overseas side We hit you with our brow, darling, Your faithful sons. We remember you here, We sing a song together, About your free villages, About your father’s home. We remember you here, Like a dear mother, We are going to fight to the death against the enemy, against the infidel. I remember you here, Shouldn’t I stand up for you, Shouldn’t I give my life for your old glory? We, as our humble tribute, From the illustrious banners We send you, dear Kuban, to the damp earth.
Flag of the Krasnodar Territory Flag of the Krasnodar Territory The flag of the Krasnodar Territory is a rectangular panel of three equal horizontal stripes: the top - blue, the middle - crimson and the bottom - green. The width of the two outer stripes is equal to the width of the crimson stripe. In the center of the flag is the coat of arms of the Krasnodar Territory, made in a single color - yellow with an orange outline. The ratio of the width of the flag and its length is 2: 3. Law of the Krasnodar Territory of May 5, 1995 N 5-KZ “On the symbols of the Krasnodar Territory” was adopted on March 24, 1995 by the Legislative Assembly of the Krasnodar Territory, Chapter 2, Article 7 (as amended by the Law of the Krasnodar Territory "On Amendments to the Law of the Krasnodar Territory "On Symbols of the Krasnodar Territory" dated June 28, 2004 N 730-KZ). The flag of the Krasnodar Territory is included in the State Heraldic Register Russian Federation September 22, 2004 with the assignment of registration number - 1503.
Coat of arms of the Krasnodar region Coat of arms of the Krasnodar region The coat of arms of the Krasnodar region is based on the image of the historical coat of arms of the Kuban region. In the green shield there is a golden battlement wall, lined with black, with two similar round towers and an open gate. Between the towers, from behind the wall, emerge a golden feather and on either side of it two silver horsetails, with golden points and on golden shafts. In the golden head of the shield appears the Russian imperial eagle (black double-headed, with golden beaks and scarlet (red) tongues), crowned with natural imperial crowns, of which the middle one is larger and has azure (blue, light blue) ribbons, bearing on the chest the Caucasian cross (cross with swords "For service in the Caucasus"). The shield is topped with a princely crown (cap), lined with scarlet. Behind the shield is an azure (blue) standard with the golden crowned monogram of Emperor Alexander II, surrounded by a laurel wreath; at the top of the standard there is a wreath and above it the Russian imperial eagle. On the sides behind the shield are placed crosswise four azure banners with a golden image of the crowned monograms of Empress Catherine II and Emperors Paul I, Alexander I and Nicholas I, surrounded by the same oak and laurel wreaths. The shafts of the standard and banners are azure, the pommels, tassels on the cords and the fringe of the standard, banners and tributaries are gold. The shafts of the standard and banners are intertwined with two ribbons of the Order of Lenin, connected under the shields with a bow. Law of the Krasnodar Territory of May 5, 1995 N 5-KZ "On the Symbols of the Krasnodar Territory" was adopted on March 24, 1995 by the Legislative Assembly of the Krasnodar Territory, Chapter 1, Article 1 (as amended by the Law of the Krasnodar Territory "On Amendments to the Law of the Krasnodar Territory "On Symbols" Krasnodar Territory" dated June 28, 2004 N 730-KZ). The coat of arms of the Krasnodar Territory is included in the State Heraldic Register of the Russian Federation with the assignment of registration number - 1502.
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Kuban is a multinational region.
The total population of Kuban is 5.2 million people (as of January 1, 2010). Krasnodar region ranks 3rd among the regions of the Russian Federation in terms of the number of inhabitants - after Moscow and the Moscow region. The share of the urban population is 52.5%, rural - 47.5%. Population density - 67.9 people/km² (2010 data).
Number of people in 2002, thousand people 4436.3 (86.6%) 17.5 (0.3%) 274.6 (5.4%) 131.8 (2.6%) 26.5 (0.5%) 26.3 25, 6 20.5 18.5 15.8 13.5 11.9 10.9 7 6.5 5 3.2 People Russians including Cossacks Armenians Ukrainians Greeks Belarusians Tatars Georgians Germans Adyghe Turks Azerbaijanis Gypsies Mordovians Moldavians Kurds Shapsugs
Multinationality is historically characteristic of the southern borders of Russia (representatives of more than 100 nationalities live in the region). The modern ethnic composition of the population of Kuban began to take shape in the second half of the 18th century. These processes took place especially intensively in the second half of the 19th century, and a new surge of them occurs in our time. However, even in earlier periods, the Kuban land was not deserted. Many peoples lived on it and passed along it on their way to new places of settlement. They left us monuments of material culture, names of places. Here the destinies of entire nations were sometimes decided in bloody battles. The territory of the Krasnodar Territory was a crossroads of large nomads; there was a zone of interaction between mountain residents and steppe inhabitants, so the national composition of the population and the boundaries of settlement of peoples changed quite quickly.
The Adygeis are a very ancient of the historically distinct peoples who inhabited the shores of the Kuban, although their roots and origins are not yet completely clear. There is a hypothesis about the migration of their distant ancestors “Kashaks” from Western Asia during the Bronze Age. Already in the 1st millennium BC, among a number of peoples of the Kuban, the Meotians stood out, who are traditionally considered the genetic predecessors of the Adyghe people. The Caucasian War and the eviction of some Adyghe people to Turkey significantly changed the ethnic map of Kuban. In 1867, after the resettlement, only 75 thousand highlanders remained in the Kuban region.
The Slavs have long-standing historical ties with the Kuban: in the 10th–11th centuries, the ancient Russian Tmutarakan principality existed in Taman. However, the ancestors of the current Slavic population appear here much later, after a long break - from the 18th century. In 1710, Nekrasov's Cossacks, numbering up to 10 thousand people - immigrants from the Don, participants in the uprising of Kondraty Bulavin - found refuge in the Kuban. However, since 1740, Nekrasovites have been moving in communities to the territory Ottoman Empire, fleeing the oppression of the tsarist government.
From the end of the 18th century, Ukrainian and Russian ethnographic groups began to form in Kuban - the Black Sea and Linear Cossacks. They were based on Zaporozhye and Don Cossacks and peasants from southern Russian and Ukrainian provinces, resettled here to perform border service. The Kuban lands were granted to the former Cossacks by Catherine II.
Armenians have lived in Kuban since the Middle Ages. So, even before the Cossacks arrived here, the mountaineers had Armenian settlements - Gyaurkhabl and others. Perhaps the Armenians moved here from Crimea in the 15th century. In 1839, the Circassian-Gai (Kuban Armenians) founded the village of Armavir. TO end of the 19th century century, there was a massive wave of resettlement of Hamshen Armenians - immigrants from Turkey - to the Kuban.
Particularly significant changes in the national composition of the Kuban population occurred in the 1860–1870s. This was due to the end of hostilities in the Caucasus and government measures to populate the mountainous strip and the Black Sea coast after the departure of some mountain tribes to Turkey. At this time, Greeks, Estonians, and Moldovans appeared here, who, arriving in entire communities to their new place of residence, founded villages.
The migration flow to Kuban from other regions of Russia has been very active since the 60s of the 19th century. As a result, the population of the Black Sea province (the coastal strip from Anapa to Adler, where there was no military Cossack administration) grew from 1861 to 1914 by 1600%, and the Kuban region - by 437%. By 1917, the majority in Kuban was the Slavic population, not belonging to the Cossack class.
Changes ethnic composition population occurred in the Kuban after 1917. Thus, during the 1920–1930s, the number of Ukrainians decreased significantly as a result of the famine of 1933 and a forced change of nationality (previously, many descendants of the Cossacks considered themselves Ukrainians). In 1924, in the Kurganinsky region, settlers from the Karsk region (Turkey) formed the Assyrian farm of Urmia (Assyrians in small numbers first appeared in the Kuban at the turn of the 20th century), and by 1930 about 100 families from Moscow, Leningrad, and Sverdlovsk moved to this farm and other places. Already in recent decades, since the 1970s, Kurds, Meskhetian Turks, and Hemshils (Muslim Armenians) have appeared in the region.
North Caucasus, as history has repeatedly confirmed, is an extremely important region for Russia. It is a gateway, including sea gates, to Transcaucasia and the Balkans, a food supplier to other regions of the country, and a unique resort area. At the same time, the North Caucasus is one of the potentially conflicting regions of the Russian Federation. The reason for this is a complex tangle of interethnic contradictions, both historically inherited from Russian Empire, and those created after 1917.
Since 1988, the region has become a center of attraction for refugees, internally displaced persons, and other categories of migrants from various regions former USSR. In this stream, Russians are in 1st place in number, and Armenians are in 2nd place. The Armenian diaspora in Kuban has always been quite powerful, and in many cities (Armavir, Tuapse, Sochi, Novorossiysk, Anapa and Krasnodar) the number of ethnic Armenians is large. Other settlers include Azerbaijanis, Kurds, Assyrians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Greeks, Adygeis and Germans. The number of Greeks, Germans and Turks in the region decreased after the repressive resettlement of the 1930s - 1940s; The Circassians (Shapsugs, Natukhais, etc.), are now few in number and are the aboriginal inhabitants of the region. The most multinational district of the region is Krymsky.
The peoples living in our region are distinguished by their culture, language, national traditions, rituals, and faith. And it is very important that each of us respects the customs of other people, regardless of their nationality and religion. This is the principle of tolerance.
I love my incredibly rich land, My Kuban - the pearl of the country. Its spaciousness, in the gardens of cherry huts, Merry dance and songs of antiquity. Let the sky be clear and cloudless. The gardens are blooming, the fields are rustling all around. Live always happily and freely Cossack region, Kuban Land!
Ustich Natalya Ilyinichna
Presentation “History of the Kuban Cossacks”
At the beginning of the 19th century. uniform form there were no Cossacks. Black Sea residents wore blue trousers and a red or blue caftan. Linear Cossacks they preferred Circassian clothing.
By the middle of the 19th century. the form becomes unified. As a rule, these were black or dark blue Circassian coats with gazyrs - patrons; under the Circassian coat they wore a beshmet shirt made of satin, boots, and a hood. In winter, a burka was added - sleeveless outerwear made of sheep skins. Papakhas Cossacks There were black - ceremonial and gray - everyday.
At all times, women have strived to dress fashionably. The Cossacks were no exception.
The traditional women's costume - skirt and jacket - was made from factory fabrics. The styles were varied, there was a lot of decoration, an underskirt was always worn - "speedy". The woman's hair was braided and placed in a bun at the back of her head. The beam was closing "shlychka", a small hat consisting of a round bottom and a narrow side, which was tightened on the bun with a cord. Girls did not go bareheaded in the summer. On your feet Cossack women put on dudes, slippers, morocco boots.
The house was a rectangle from 12 to 35 arshins long (arshin - 71 cm.) and a width of 8 to 10 arshins under a two- or four-pitched roof. There were two rooms in the house "Mala Khata" And "great house". The house was made of adobe (sun-dried bricks made from clay, straw and earth) or they built a tourist house. It is when Cossacks Along the perimeter of the house, plows were buried in the ground, intertwined with vines. As soon as the frame was ready, relatives and neighbors were called for the first stroke "under fists" when clay mixed with straw was driven into the fence.
A week later they did a second smear - "under the fingers", when clay mixed with flooring was pressed and smoothed with fingers. For the third "smooth" smears added chaff to the clay and "dung" (manure). There was also a fourth stroke - "vikhtyuvaina". This is when you use a rag "whihtem" They washed away the walls, applying a thin layer of clay on them. Whitewashing was done with white clay. For the roof, clean, dry reeds were prepared, which were cut in late autumn
Special rituals were associated with the construction of a house, aimed at ensuring well-being in the family and abundance in the home. When laying the foundation for a house, scraps of domestic animal hair and feathers were thrown onto the construction site. “so that everything runs smoothly”. Svolok - wooden supporting beams on which the ceiling was laid - was lifted not with bare hands, but on towels - “so that the house is not empty”. Small money was placed under the roof, and a small wooden cross was embedded in the wall in the front corner, invoking God's blessing on the inhabitants of the house. After completion of construction work, instead of payment (she was not supposed to be taken for help) the hosts were giving a treat (all this was accompanied by songs).
There is another way to build Cossack hut. First, bricks (adobe) were formed from clay and straw, and then a hut was built from it and then
All significant life events Cossacks were associated with the Orthodox faith. Parting prayer Kuban residents They were escorted to the service and greeted with thanks.
The guardians of customs were old Cossacks. Even the ataman did not sit in the presence of the old people. The elders were addressed only to "You", An important role in Cossack played for the family grandmother: the husband is in the service, the wife is in the field, and all the upbringing of the children fell on the shoulders of the grandmothers, who were respected in the family.
Thanks to the tradition of transmitting oral information from grandfather to father and from father to son Kuban residents preserved their culture.
My Cossacks knew and respected history. Everything that had to do with it was carefully and carefully preserved. No matter how they lived - poor or rich, in any pre-revolutionary village there was no hut without a holy corner.
If guests came into the room, the first thing they did was cross themselves next to the icons, covered with embroidered or lace towels, and the light of the lamp began to fluctuate from the wave of fresh air.
And the foundation of each new village or farm began with the construction of a church or temple.
Story about Cossack everyday life would be incomplete if we did not touch upon oral folk art. Cossacks created many examples of oral creativity, many of which have come down to us in the works of I. D. Popko "Black Sea Cossacks in civilian and military life" and F.A. Shcherbiny « History of the Kuban Cossack Army» . These and other works by these authors adorn folklore inserts: legends, proverbs, etc.
History of the Cossacks Kuban is the Russian breadbasket. In addition, this region is also a stronghold of the Cossacks. Back in 1792, Empress Catherine II signed a letter of “grant to the Black Sea to the Cossack army into the eternal possession of the Tauride island of Phanagaria with the entire Earth, lying on the right side of the Kuban River, and on the other, the Sea of Azov to the Yeisk town served as the border of the military Earth...” The duty of the army was charged with “vigilance and border guard.” After that, a lot of water passed under the bridge, and, as we know from history, a lot happened. But the Cossacks still exist today, and when talking about the culinary traditions of Kuban, you need to understand that they are inextricably linked with the history of this land - with the Cossack history. Kuban is the Russian breadbasket. In addition, this region is also a stronghold of the Cossacks. Back in 1792, Empress Catherine II signed a document “granting to the Black Sea Cossack army the eternal possession of the Tauride island of Phanagaria with the whole Earth, lying on the right side of the Kuban River, and on the other, the Sea of Azov to the Yeisk town served as the border of the military Land...” . The duty of the army was charged with “vigilance and border guard.” After that, a lot of water passed under the bridge, and, as we know from history, a lot happened. But the Cossacks still exist today, and when talking about the culinary traditions of Kuban, you need to understand that they are inextricably linked with the history of this land - with the Cossack history.
Traditions of the feast First of all, palyanitsa (bread) is placed on the table, which is Everyday life- ordinary food, and on holidays and celebrations - a symbol of hospitality, hospitality, family strength. For each celebration, they baked their own loaf, which was decorated accordingly. Then the hostess served pies, kulebyaki, sour cream, sour milk, fermented baked milk, cow butter, cold meat and fish appetizers
Then hot dishes are served: the signature dish of the Kuban table is borscht. He came to Kuban cuisine from Ukraine. Initially, borscht was a soup made from hogweed (a plant of the Umbelliferae family with sharp, porous leaves), and then a first course of beets, cabbage and tomatoes. However, these components are not the only ones in borscht. Each housewife cooks borscht in her own way, adding meat, lard, garlic and a lot of other products. Each housewife's borscht was unique: even mother and daughter's were not alike. This dish became so popular in Kuban that people began to eat it almost three times a day.
Cossacks also loved meat. Characteristic of Kuban cuisine was the preparation of large pieces of meat and poultry stuffed with apples or dried fruits. In addition to meat, they also served porridge and noodles. From time immemorial, the favorite dish in the Kuban was porridge made from watermelon (pumpkin). It was called watermelon porridge. Usually this porridge was cooked sweet. And how the Cossacks loved Ukrainian dumplings with cheese, cherries, and cabbage! To feed a large family with dumplings, the housewife had to have skill. Cossacks also loved pancakes. They never get boring, because there are thousands of fillings for pancakes: with liver, rice, cottage cheese, caviar, prunes:. Pancakes can be sweet, lean, made from buckwheat or corn flour. Pancakes were used to celebrate Maslenitsa and were placed on the everyday table. Cossacks also loved meat. Characteristic of Kuban cuisine was the preparation of large pieces of meat and poultry stuffed with apples or dried fruits. In addition to meat, they also served porridge and noodles. From time immemorial, the favorite dish in the Kuban was porridge made from watermelon (pumpkin). It was called watermelon porridge. Usually this porridge was cooked sweet. And how the Cossacks loved Ukrainian dumplings with cheese, cherries, and cabbage! To feed a large family with dumplings, the housewife had to have skill. Cossacks also loved pancakes. They never get boring, because there are thousands of fillings for pancakes: with liver, rice, cottage cheese, caviar, prunes:. Pancakes can be sweet, lean, made from buckwheat or corn flour. Pancakes were used to celebrate Maslenitsa and were placed on the everyday table.
A bottle of kvass was always placed on the table for dinner. What recipes did the Cossacks know for making it: beetroot, bread, and apple! It is also impossible to imagine Kuban cuisine, a Kuban feast, without good local wine. A bottle of kvass was always placed on the table for dinner. What recipes did the Cossacks know for making it: beetroot, bread, and apple! It is also impossible to imagine Kuban cuisine, a Kuban feast, without good local wine.
Such a delicious dinner could only be prepared by a cook who did this work with love and desire, in cleanliness and order, and who maintained her workplace - the kitchen. Such a delicious dinner could only be prepared by a cook who did this work with love and desire, in cleanliness and order, and who maintained her workplace - the kitchen.
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Literary history of Kuban Prepared by the teacher primary classes Korotysheva Yu.Yu.
In the 19th and 20th centuries, many outstanding cultural figures visited Kuban.
In the summer of 1820, A.S. Pushkin traveled through the Kuban, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin (1799 - 1837)
- Pushkin was the first of the greats to visit the Cossack region. He passed through the lands of the Black Sea Army in 1820. In a letter to his brother he wrote: “I saw the shores of the Kuban and the guard villages, admired our Cossacks: always on horseback, always ready to fight, in eternal precaution.”
- Speaking about Pushkin’s stay in Kuban, his impressions of our region, many writers and local historians complain that Pushkin in his works almost did not touch on the places he passed through in August 1820, when he and the family of General Raevsky traveled from the Caucasus Mineralnye Vody to Crimea through the Black Sea region, as our region was then called. However, carefully examining the works of A.S. Pushkin, and especially those that are dedicated to the Caucasus, we repeatedly encounter the theme of either the Kuban itself or the peoples inhabiting it.
- The nature and history of the region inspired Alexander Sergeevich to create the poem “Prisoner of the Caucasus.” The hero is surrounded by “monotonous plains,” four mountains, “the last branch of the Caucasus.”
- Let us turn to one of the works that children study at the very beginning of their education in high school. This is the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila". The introduction to the poem, written by Pushkin much later, clearly indicates that when the author wrote it, the landscapes that arose before the poet’s eyes were not of fairy-tale lands, but of ours, Kuban, and even more precisely geographically - landscapes near Taman. (Near Lukomorye)
- Pay attention to the passages I highlighted “Lukomorye” and “There at dawn the waves will rush / On the sandy and empty shore...”. In almost all dictionaries, “Lukomorye” is interpreted as the old name of the sea bay. But find on geographical map a sea bay on the territory of Russia (even in the time of Pushkin!), where the shore is empty and sandy. This can only be observed in the vicinity of the Taman Peninsula! And not only in the time of A.S. Pushkin, but also now. In the epilogue of the poem "Prisoner of the Caucasus" the poet again turns to the description of the Black Sea region-Kuban and again recalls Taman, or rather the Tmutarakan prince Mstislav (Epilogue)
- Russian poet, prose writer, playwright, artist.
- In 1837, cornet Lermontov arrived in Kuban, he was only 23 years old. He was sent to the active army for the poem “The Death of a Poet.” Several months ago, Pushkin was killed in a duel; it was dedicated to this tragic event for Lermontov. After a short trial, Lermontov will be accused of freethinking and exiled to the Caucasus. The young poet imagines his future in dark colors; he is convinced that he, too, will die young. A fortune teller, to whom Pushkin also came at one time, also predicted his imminent death from a bullet.
- He visited Ekaterinodar, Kopyl (Slavyansk-on-Kuban), Temryuk... In Taman he experienced an extraordinary adventure described in the story of the same name. Local smugglers actually stole his money and documents. “Taman is the worst little town of all the coastal cities in Russia. I almost died of hunger there, and on top of that they wanted to drown me...” With a light pen, he glorified the Kuban village throughout the reading world.
- In general, the “literary pioneers” portrayed Kuban as a wild and dangerous land. But at the same time - intoxicatingly beautiful.
- Mikhail Lermontov in Taman is waiting for a passing ship to Gelendzhik - the gathering place of the military expedition. He stayed in Taman for only three days, settling in the simple hut of the local Cossack Fyodor Mysnik. Here unpleasant stories happened to the poet, which he would later describe in the story “Taman”.
- In 1976, a museum was opened on the site where the hut once stood. So local residents decided to immortalize Lermontov’s visit to the village. The museum's exposition, in fact, is dedicated to only one story. The museum here is intimate, small, but with its own zest, which distinguishes it from many other museums dedicated to Lermontov in Russia. Next to the museum, in a shady park, this monument was unveiled in 1984. Mikhail Lermontov stands with his hand resting on a stone on a high steep bank and looks towards the sea. Having visited Kuban twice, the poet left descendants with evidence of those travels: drawings, poems and the story “Taman”.
- In July 1888, the writer Chekhov arrived in Kuban. He was going to Yalta, but succumbed to the persuasion of his older brother. Alexander Pavlovich Chekhov served as secretary of Novorossiysk customs.
- The writer was delighted with his trip. He really liked the southern nature: the steppe, mountains, sea.
- Anton Pavlovich Chekhov looked around Kuban from the sea
- took a sea cruise along the shores of the Kuban. He described his impressions as follows: “Nature is amazing to the point of madness and despair. Everything is new, fabulous, stupid and poetic. Eucalyptus trees, tea bushes, cypress trees, cedars, palm trees, donkeys, swans, buffaloes, gray cranes, and most importantly - mountains, mountains and mountains, endlessly and endlessly.”
- Visual and emotional impressions are reflected in the story “Duel”. And also in the story “The Lady”: “And how good Kuban is! If you believe the letters of Uncle Peter, then what a wonderful freedom on the Kuban steppes! And life there is wider, and the summer is longer, and the people are more remote.”
- Ten years later he will build a house near the sea, but not in our region, but in Crimea. Not far from Yalta, he managed to buy a very good plot of land quite inexpensively. Now there is a writer's museum there.
- It is curious that at the same time Kuban was discovered by the great publicist Vladimir Korolenko. And his younger brother Illarion connected him with our region.
- At one time he was a famous person. Behind revolutionary activity was persecuted by the secret police, was in prison, where his health was seriously damaged. His elder brother built a dacha for him in Dzhankhot. And starting from 1900, he came every summer and wrote his most famous stories and essays there, as well as the story “Without a Language.”
- Korolenko’s work is distinguished by a passionate defense of the disadvantaged, a motive of striving for better life for everyone, glorifying mental fortitude, courage and perseverance, high humanism.
- Great Russian writer. He recognized the need early, because... parents died early. He was brought up with his grandmother and grandfather. Early, at the age of 16, he left home to study, but this was not destined to happen. In search of income, I met people from various social strata. He worked as a loader, baker, gardener, and also in fishing. And at the same time he meets revolutionary-minded youth.
- In 1891, wanderer Alexey Peshkov walked from Nizhny Novgorod through the Volga region, Don, Ukraine, Kuban, Caucasus, earning meager means through hard work. He was detained for vagrancy.
- “I was sitting in a newly built prison, from the window I saw across the river, in the field, a lot of geese - a very beautiful picture!” - he wrote.
- Gorky earned his bread wherever he could. In the village of Khanskaya I met an acquaintance named Maslov. He worked on a thresher for the wealthy Cossack Nikhotin and became a patronage. The future classic was taken into service. Maslov died when he fell under a thresher, and the writer witnessed this. The shock he experienced was described in the story “Two Tramps.”
- A year later he ended up in Crimea and returned to Kuban by shore. And again he worked as a laborer, worked as a loader, was a watchman, a dishwasher... On Taman he went to sea with fishermen. In the summer of 1892, there was crushed stone on the Novorossiysk-Sukhumi highway, which was under construction near Gelendzhik. Observations of life in the Kuban villages were embodied in the stories: “My Companion”, “Strangers”, “Grandfather Arkhip and Lenka”...
- Contemporaries reproached him: he exaggerates his colors, uses a black palette. But the author recorded exactly what he saw with his own eyes.
- S. Yesenin called Kuban the country of birch chintz, and it is also a poplar land. There are birch groves, cherry orchards and shady alleys all over Russia, but we can proudly call only Kuban the poplar region.
- He became famous as a playwright, poet, film director and screenwriter, journalist and artist. Mayakovsky became one of the most famous Soviet artists and a symbol of the era. Mother, Alexandra Alekseevna Pavlenko, was from a Kuban Cossack family
- Vladimir Mayakovsky performed in Krasnodar in 1926 at the Mon Plaisir cinema and in the club of the pedagogical institute. By the way, the performance was sold out. The poet arrived from the capital to the south in February and was extremely amazed by the heat of the Kuban sun. I walked around the city a lot and was interested in architecture.
- “Occasionally Mayakovsky raises his cane, shows, asks for an explanation... “When was this building built? What fits here? Having received an answer, he nods his head with satisfaction,” recalled Leonid Lench, a correspondent for the Kuban newspaper “Red Banner,” who accompanied the poet on walks around Krasnodar. - If I can’t answer, he frowns with displeasure: “You live in this city and don’t know. Not good!"
- At one of those concerts, the poet admitted to the audience that he was writing a poem about Krasnodar. True, he didn't read it. Months later, the Kuban public read in the Krasnaya Niva magazine: “This is not a dog’s wilderness, but a dog’s capital!”
- “...Mayakovsky’s charming, humorous poem about Krasnodar,” explains Leonid Lench, “shows his rare powers of observation. There really were a lot of dogs in Krasnodar. The dogs were different and good. The whole city knew St. Bernard Dr. P., who walked importantly around the city, like a businessman, looking into shops, institutions and even theaters during performances. Mayakovsky loved dogs and noticed this Krasnodar peculiarity.”
- Russian Soviet writer, recognized classic of Russian literature
- M. A. Sholokhov was born on the Kruzhilin farm of the village of Vyoshenskaya (now Rostov region)
- Sholokhov’s novel “Quiet Don,” dedicated to the Don Cossacks, brought him wide fame (all-Union and even worldwide). Another famous novel by Sholokhov is called “Virgin Soil Upturned.”
- During the war, Sholokhov worked as a war correspondent.
- Mikhail Sholokhov published excerpts from his unfinished novel entitled “They Fought for the Motherland,” dedicated to the retreat Soviet troops in 1942 on the Don. Sholokhov wrote this novel in three stages, and shortly before his death he burned the manuscript, so only individual chapters of this work were published. However, this novel was filmed in 1975 by director Sergei Bondarchuk, creating a two-part film that became one of the best films about the war in Soviet cinema. Until the end of his life, Mikhail Sholokhov lived in his village of Veshenskaya, for the construction of a school in which he donated his Nobel Prize.
- Russian-Soviet poet, famous playwright, literary critic and translator, laureate of the Lenin and several Stalin prizes.
- In 1904, Marshak was lucky enough to meet Maxim Gorky, who immediately recognized the talent for poetry in the young man. Samuel even lived at his dacha in Yalta from 1904 to 1906.
- In 1918 he worked in the department of public education in Petrozavodsk, then left for Yekaterinodar.
- In 1920, in Yekaterinodar, Marshak began organizing children's cultural institutions, opening on his own the first children's theater in Russia, for which he himself wrote plays. (Now this is the Krasnodar Puppet Theater.) This defines the main direction in his work - children's literature.
- Already in 1923, he created his famous children's poems “The House That Jack Built”, “The Tale of the Stupid Mouse”, “Children in a Cage”. At the same time, he manages to found the Department of English at the Kuban Polytechnic Institute.
- The work of many writers is associated with Kuban in the first quarter of the twentieth century. The author of “Cement” Fyodor Gladkov began publishing in the “Kuban Regional Gazette” while still a student at the Ekaterinodar sixth-grade school.
- During the Civil War, Kuban became a refuge for wordsmiths who fled in search of a quiet life. Margarita Shaginyan and Valery Bryusov lived and worked here... The fratricidal war also consumed our region. What was happening, of course, was reflected in creativity.
- In 1920 notebooks Pravda correspondent Alexander Serafimovich appeared sketches of the “Iron Stream”:
- "Division. Desperate fighters. They were retreating from the Taman Peninsula. Tired after three years. Each person has four or five pots (that is, he cut down 4-5 heads). Poorly dressed. Sometimes there are only pants and torn shoes, and the torso is naked. He girds himself, puts on a bandoleer over his naked body, and thrusts a revolver. War is already a craft.”
- “Chapaev”, “Destruction” and “How the Steel Was Tempered” began here
- In the same year, Dmitry Furmanov, the head of the political department of the IX Kuban Army, who hatched the “Chapaev” plan, was shell-shocked in Kuban.
- Here Alexander Fadeev began writing “Destruction”.
- Nikolai Ostrovsky, who settled in Sochi in 1927, wrote the book “How the Steel Was Tempered”, which educated more than one generation of Soviet schoolchildren...
- During the Great Patriotic War, Konstantin Simonov, Arkady Perventsev, Vitaly Zakrutkin and other military chroniclers visited Kuban.
- Born in the village of Korenovskaya, Krasnodar Territory, on Palm Sunday, April 10, 1960.
- The poet is published in the magazines: “Moscow”, “Our Contemporary”, “Rise”, “Roman Magazine 21st Century”, “Don”, “Volga-21st Century”, “Border Guard”, “House of Rostov”, “Siberia”, magazine "Native Kuban". In the newspapers: “Literary Russia”, “Literary Newspaper”, “Russian Reader”, “Literary Day”.
- Currently lives in the city of Korenovsk.
- Zinoviev’s talent is also different from others in that he is laconic in verse and clear in expressing thoughts; he does not evoke lines, as often happens in poetry, but cuts out with such a powerful and impactful, unexpected thought, an accurate and bright thought that it produces a strong, if not overwhelming, impression. In N. Zinoviev’s poems Russia itself speaks!”
- V.G. Rasputin.
- AWARDS
- Laureate international competition"Poetry of the Third Millennium"
- Laureate of the Golden Pen competition
- Winner of the Delviga Prize
- Fate takes him south, to Kuban, where from 1956 to 1961 he studied at the Faculty of History and Philology of the Krasnodar Pedagogical Institute, and then taught for several years in the Anapa region.
- His first story "Bryansk", sent to " New world” to Tvardovsky himself, was published in 1963 in the eleventh issue of this magazine, immediately making the young writer famous throughout the country. Viktor Likhonosov’s entry into great literature was rapid. One after another, his books of stories, short stories, and essays are published in Moscow, Novosibirsk, and Krasnodar: “Evenings,” “Something Will Happen,” “Voices in Silence,” “Happy Moments,” “Autumn in Taman,” “Clean Eyes” , “Family”, “Elegy”, etc. His works are translated.
- Since 1978, Likhonosov has been silent for ten whole years, working on his main novel about the fate of the Russian Cossacks, “Unwritten Memoirs. Our little Paris" (1986). This lyrical-epic canvas, connecting modernity with the past, has become a literary monument to Ekaterinodar.
- Personnel officer. He graduated from the Krasnodar Military Aviation School and served in a bomber regiment. During the Great Patriotic War he fought on the Southwestern Front, later as part of the Northern Fleet aviation he covered allied convoys. In 1960 he went into reserve.
- He has published 25 collections of poetry, authored librettos for two operettas and many songs. He also wrote for children. Compiler and author of four collections of biographies of Heroes Soviet Union from the Krasnodar region and a three-volume poetic wreath to the Heroes of Kuban.[
- Member of the Union of Writers of the USSR (since 1992, the Union of Writers of Russia), the Union of Journalists of the USSR (since 1992, the Union of Journalists of Russia).
- Awards and honorary titles:
- Two Orders Patriotic War II degree (October 31, 1944; April 6, 1985). Order of the Red Star.
- Medals.
- Honorary citizen of Krasnodar (2005). Honored Worker of Culture of the Russian Federation.
- Honored Artist of Kuban (1955).
- Honorary member of the Krasnodar Regional Association of Heroes of the Soviet Union.
- Nikolai Ostrovsky Literary Prize (1985).
- Prize of the Administration of the Krasnodar Territory named after. E.F. Stepanova (2001)
- Born in Krasnodar on June 16, 1927 in the family of a civil engineer, he lived in North Ossetia, Kronstadt, on the Black Sea coast and the Far East.
- He was in the occupation in Krasnodar, as a teenager, not being in the ranks of the Red Army, he took part in the battles for the liberation of Krasnodar and near the village of Abinskaya. He graduated from school in Ussuriysk. At the end of 1945, he returned to Krasnodar and entered the Faculty of Russian Language and Literature at the Pedagogical Institute, which he graduated with honors in 1949. He worked as a teacher at Krasnodar school No. 58.
- In 1952, the Krasnodar book publishing house published the first collection of poems, “To My Friends.” Then new books of Bakaldin’s poems are published in Krasnodar and Moscow. In Krasnodar in those years, his poems were heard on the radio, plays were staged in regional theaters, and songs based on his words were performed. At the III All-Union Meeting of Young Writers in 1956, Vitaly Bakaldin was recommended and soon accepted as a member of the Union of Writers of the USSR (since 1992 in the Union of Writers of Russia).
- In January 1958, Bakaldin was elected head of the Krasnodar regional branch of the joint venture. For a number of years he was the editor-in-chief of the Kuban newspaper. For many years he edited the newspaper “Literary Kuban”, headed the children’s creative studio “Lukomorye” at the Krasnodar Regional Center creative development and humanitarian education, regularly performed new cycles of poetry and literary journalism.
- In Bakaldin’s work one can easily read his life: his Krasnodar childhood, the trials of war, the joy of peaceful life, teacher's work, growing youth and love.
- Received a large number of prizes and awards.
- Died December 30, 2009.
- February 5, 1925 - April 13, 2005 - Russian Soviet poet, participant in the Great Patriotic War.
- Born in the village of Novobataysk, North Caucasus Territory, now Rostov Region, into a family of immigrants from the Kuban, hereditary Kuban Cossacks. In 1932, the family returned to Kuban, moving first to Krasnodar and then to the village of Starominskaya.
- In 1942, he went to the front from school. Participated in the Battle of the Caucasus. He was wounded and severely concussed. After recovery, he returned to duty, liberated Warsaw, and took Berlin. He left a poetic signature on the wall of the defeated Reichstag.
- The first poems of Ivan Varabbas were published in 1944 in the army press. In 1948, he met Alexander Tvardovsky, having read his poem “Near Breslau, beyond the Oder River” in response to “I was killed near Rzhev.” The young poet's poems were highly appreciated by famous poets of that time.
- In 1951, Tvardovsky published a selection of his poems in Novy Mir.
- In 1954, the first collection of his poems, “Wind from Kuban,” was published. In the same year he was admitted to the Union of Writers of the USSR. Then the collections “On the Old Cordons”, “Kuban Summer”, “Stars in Poplars”, “Girl and the Sun”, “Golden Pandura” were published.
- Wrote for children. In the 1960s, his fairy tale “How the Beautiful Tsar Bobrovna Visited the Dragon” was published.
- With the participation of Varabbas, the almanac “Kuban” was created and the Kuban Cossack Choir was revived.