"My city. Nikolaevsk-on-Amur General data and historical facts

- (until 1926 Nikolaevsk) city (from 1856) in Russian Federation, Khabarovsk region, port on the Amur. 36.5 thousand inhabitants (1992). Shipbuilding and ship repair yards; food enterprises. Museum of Local Lore. Basic in 1850... Big encyclopedic Dictionary

- (until 1926 Nikolaevsk), a city (since 1856) in the Khabarovsk Territory, a port on the Amur. 33.1 thousand inhabitants (1998). Shipbuilding and ship repair yards; food enterprises. Museum of Local Lore. Founded in 1850. Source: Encyclopedia Fatherland ... Russian history

Geographical encyclopedia

Noun, number of synonyms: 2 city (2765) port (361) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Synonym dictionary

- (until 1926 Nikolaevsk), city (since 1856) in Russia, Khabarovsk Territory, port on the Amur. 33.1 thousand inhabitants (1998). Shipbuilding and ship repair yards; food enterprises. Museum of Local Lore. Founded in 1850. * * * NIKOLAEVSK ON AMUR NIKOLAEVSK ON... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

In the Khabarovsk Territory, regional subordination, regional center, 977 km from Khabarovsk. Located on the left bank of the Amur, 80 km from its confluence with the Amur Estuary, 582 km from railway station Komsomolsk on Amur. River and sea ​​port.… … Cities of Russia

A city of regional subordination, the center of the Nikolaevsky district of the Khabarovsk Territory of the RSFSR. A port on the left bank of the Amur, 80 km from its confluence with the Amur Estuary (see Amur Basin river ports). The nearest railway village station Komsomolsk on Amur (at 621 ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Nikolaevsk-on-Amur- city, district ts, Khabarovsk region. Founded in 1850 Russian. navigator G.I. Nevelsky as the Nikolaevsky post, named in honor of Emperor Nicholas I (1796-1855). In 1856 it was transformed into a city. Nikolaevsk. In 1926, an indication of... ... was introduced into the name. Toponymic dictionary

Nikolaevsk-on-Amur- city, district center, Khabarovsk region. Founded in 1850 by the Russian navigator G.I. Nevelsky as the Nikolaevsky post, named in honor of Emperor Nicholas I (1796-1855). In 1856 it was transformed into the city of Nikolaevsk. In 1926, an indication of... Geographical names of the Russian Far East

Nikolaevsk-on-Amur- Nikolaevsk on Amur, a city in the Khabarovsk Territory, the center of the Nikolaevsky district, 977 km northeast of Khabarovsk. Located on the left bank of the Amur, 80 km from its confluence with the Amur Estuary, 582 km from the Komsomolsk railway station on... ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"

Books

• The exploits of Russian naval officers in the Far East of Russia 1849-55. Amur and Priussuri region, Gennady Ivanovich Nevelskoy. The work of the Russian explorer of the Far East and Admiral G.I. Nevelsky (1813-1876) talks about the annexation of the Amur region and the Ussuri region to Russia. The events described here...

Far Eastern city Nikolaevsk-on-Amur started his rich history from the middle of the 19th century, from 1850, when the famous Russian navigator Gennady Nevelsky founded a military-administrative settlement on the banks of the Amur River, numbering a dozen buildings, which he called the Nikolaevsky post. Within 6 years, the settlement became the city of Nikolaevsk - the capital of the Primorsky region, as well as the largest port on the Amur.

The founding of the city was important for the country: it forever secured these territories for Russia and contributed to the defense of the Far Eastern borders during the Crimean War. The city became the base for the development of Primorye; industry, shipping, trade developed there, schools and hospitals were opened. In June 1860, the first newspaper in Primorye, “Eastern Pomorie,” began publication. The city's rapid growth continued until 1865, when the main seaport was relocated to the ice-free bay of Vladivostok, and the capital of Primorye moved to Khabarovsk. Nikolaevsk turned into a small provincial town.

But in the 90s of the 19th century, gold deposits were discovered in the Amur Valley, and vigorous construction began in Nikolaevsk. The city became the center of gold miners in Primorye. The gold rush attracted many settlers to the city and contributed to the development of the mining, fishing, and timber processing industries. Nikolaevsk is again becoming a major port. In 1914, the city was returned to its “district” status. By the time of the revolution, Nikolaevsk had 15 thousand inhabitants.

During the years of the revolution, the city was occupied by the Japanese; Soviet power was established in it only in 1922. Nikolaevsk-on-Amur received a prefix to its former name in 1926, becoming a district city of the Primorsky province.

Later, under Soviet rule, fish processing and ship repair enterprises were opened in Nikolaevsk-on-Amur. In 1960, a large shipbuilding plant opened its doors. The Nikolaevsky mining and processing plant began operating in 1985.

Now the city's industry is represented by woodworking, energy, fish production and processing, and non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises. Nikolaevsk-on-Amur is the administrative center of the Nikolaevsky district as part of the Khabarovsk Territory. The city has its own airport.

The history of the city is connected with the lives of many famous people. Admiral of the Russian Fleet S.O. once studied at the Nikolaevsk Naval School. Makarov, writers A.P. visited the city. Chekhov (who dedicated a chapter to the city in his book about his trip to Sakhalin) and A.A. Fadeev, famous travelers V.K. Arsenyev and N.M. Przhevalsky. Arctic explorer G.Ya. served here. Sedov and aircraft designer A.F. Mozhaisky.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, in 1915, an obelisk was opened in the Nikolaevsk park to the founder of the city, the outstanding pioneer G.I. Nevelsky, a monument was erected to him in 1950.

Today the Center operates in Nikolaevsk-on-Amur national culture small peoples of the North, an interesting local history museum, here is the only stone church of St. Nicholas in the north of the Khabarovsk Territory.

Located on the banks of the Amur River, 977 kilometers from the regional center. The area of ​​the settlement is 51 square kilometers.

General data and historical facts

In the summer of 1850, the settlement of Nikolaevsky Post was founded on the site of the modern city.

In 1856 locality was transformed into the city of Nikolaevsk. In the second half of the 19th century, a library was opened in Nikolaevsk, historical Museum, maritime school.

In 1870, the main seaport was moved from the settlement to Vladivostok.

In the 1880s, gold deposits were discovered near the city, and the Okhotsk and Amur-Orel gold mining organizations were formed. Due to the gold rush in 1897, the population of Nikolaevsk reached 5.7 thousand people.

In 1918, the city was attacked by Japanese invaders. In 1922, Soviet soldiers liberated Nikolaevsk from Japanese troops and proclaimed Soviet power.

In the spring of 1926, the city received a new name Nikolaevsk-on-Amur.

In 1934, the settlement received the status administrative center Lower Amur region.

During the Great Patriotic War thousands of city residents went to war against the German invaders. At this time, a ship repair plant and a shipyard were opened in Nikolaevsk.

In the 1960s, new apartment buildings and a shipyard were built in the city. In 1985, the Nizhneamursky mining and processing plant was put into operation in the city.

Industrial enterprises: Nikolaevsky-on-Amur sea trade port, Nikolaevskaya CHPP, Nikolaevsky Lebokombinat LLC, ATP LLC, Rostelecom PJSC.

The city operates on Vladivostok time. The difference with Moscow time is +7 hours msk+7.

The telephone code of Nikolaevsk-on-Amur is 42135. Postal code is 682460.

Climate and weather

Nikolaevsk-on-Amur has a moderately cold maritime climate. Winters are harsh and long. The average temperature in January is -21.8 degrees.

Summer is cool and short. The average temperature in July is +16.5 degrees.

Total population of Nikolaevsk-on-Amur for 2018-2019

Population data was obtained from the State Statistics Service. Graph of changes in the number of citizens over the past 10 years.

The total number of residents for 2018 is 18.6 thousand people.

The data from the graph shows a steady decrease in the population from 26,000 people in 2007 to 18,636 people in 2018.

As of January 2018, Nikolaevsk-on-Amur ranked 701st out of 1,113 cities in the Russian Federation in terms of the number of residents.

Attractions

1.Museum of Local Lore named after. V.E. Rozova- cultural institution was founded in 1858. The museum has three departments: social construction, history and nature.

2.Cinema center "Rodina"- the institution was founded in 1951. In 2002, the most modern equipment was installed in the cinema.

3.Real school building- the building for an existing educational institution was built in 1916. In 1952, the building was reconstructed and used as a dormitory for a pedagogical school.

Transport

In Nikolaevsk-on-Amur, sea and river ports operate in the summer.

Public transport is provided by buses.

In the western part of the city there is a regional airport of the same name, from which flights to

City (since 1856) in Russia, regional center of the Nikolaevsky district of the Khabarovsk Territory. The oldest city in the Amur region and Primorye.
Until 1926 - Nikolaevsk.
Population: 28,492 people. (2002 census); 22752 people (2010 census); 18636 people (2018).

Founder of Nikolaevsk G.I. Nevelskoy, outstanding traveler and explorer of the Southwestern part Sea of ​​Okhotsk, lower reaches of the Amur and Tatar Strait. It was his research that drew the attention of the Russian public to the Far East and, although Nevelsky was not allowed to establish Russian settlements on the Amur banks, he violated the highest command, and on August 1 (13), 1850, at Cape Kuegda, in the presence of the local population, he raised the Russian flag and laid the Nikolaev flag fast.

At first, the Nikolaevsky post remained only a trading station of the Russian-American Company, but literally a year and a half later it became the center of trade for the entire Lower Amur. The post is expanding: barracks, officer wings, warehouses, and piers are being built. In the summer of 1854, the Argun arrived from the upper reaches of the Amur at the head of a whole caravan of barges and rafts. Among the people who arrived were craftsmen for the construction of the future city. The Nikolaev post was transformed every day. In 1855, the seaport was moved here from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.
The founding of Nikolaevsk is not an ordinary fact of the emergence of a new settlement, but an event of great international significance. It put an end to the aggressive plans of the USA, England, France and forever assigned the Amur and Primorye regions to Russia. The city played a special role during the Crimean War (1854-1856) in the defense of the eastern outskirts of Russia and the preservation of the Russian Pacific Fleet.

On November 14, 1856, it was given the status of a city and its full name - the city of Nikolaevsk-on-Amur. In the same year, it became the regional center of the Primorsky region, which included Kamchatka and Sakhalin.
By 1860 it was already typical Russian city middle income. It served as a base for the development of Primorye and the Amur region, which resulted in the emergence of new economic centers of the Far East, such as the cities of Vladivostok, Khabarovsk, Blagoveshchensk. The city is growing, the first commercial and industrial establishments are appearing. Private shipping and trade are developing, schools are opening, and the newspaper “East Pomerania” is beginning to be published. Its first issue was published on June 15, 1865. It was the first newspaper in the vast territory of the Far East.
Finding economic development As the city steadily progressed, Russian traders, businessmen, and representatives of industrial firms flocked to Nikolaevsk. In 1860, 706 public and residential buildings, 10 shops, 2 hospitals, 4 educational institutions. The intensive growth of Nikolaevsk continued until 1865

The transfer of the military seaport in 1871-1872 to the more convenient and ice-free city of Vladivostok, the administrative control of the region in 1880 to the city of Khabarovsk, led to the fact that Nikolaevsk quickly lost its former significance and turned into a provincial town. But profitable geographical position, rich natural opportunities contributed to the new growth of the city already in the second half of the 1890s. During these years, rich gold deposits were discovered in the lower reaches of the Amur. Nikolaevsk is experiencing a new heyday, which occurred during the gold rush. Busy construction was taking place in the city and its environs. A gold-alloying laboratory appeared, as well as offices of the Okhotsk and Amur-Orel gold mining companies.
By 1895 the population had dropped to 1,000 people. Gold mining gradually attracted settlers, and by 1897 the population reached 5,668 people. The emergence and growth of the mining industry had a beneficial effect on the rise and development of Nikolaevsk as a sea and river port center. In 1911-1912, in terms of cargo transportation volume Far East The Nikolaev port ranks second after Vladivostok, surpassing such Russian ports as Kerch and Vindava.

In 1896-1899, the fishing industry began to rise in Nikolaevsk. The “fish rush” changed things for the better. A huge number of fishing and fish-salting areas were created in a short time along the entire coast of the estuary and the mouth of the Amur. In the Nikolaevsk region, the fishing industry was formed as a branch of the economy. On this basis, shipbuilding was revived in the city, enterprises for ship repair, mechanical processing of timber and the production of barrel containers were created. Handicrafts and handicrafts have received a certain development.

Nikolaevsk in late XIX centuries, it acquired the significance of a large commercial and industrial settlement. The number of buildings increased again to 2136. A network of educational institutions: schools, colleges developed. In 1914, the city was returned to the status of “district city”, and therefore the reconstruction of the seaport began. The transformation of Nikolaevsk into the largest industrial and commercial center in the Far East affected its appearance. The city has expanded and become much more beautiful than it was in the 60s of the 19th century. Its layout, carried out according to advanced urban planning plans, included 189 blocks, 24 streets and 5 alleys.
Among government and municipal institutions Nikolaevsk had a police department, a county treasury, a gold-alloying laboratory, a power plant, a postal and telegraph station, and a mechanical establishment. Much attention was paid to the cultural recreation of the townspeople. At their service were a library, a society of lovers of performing and musical art, a circus, a cinema and a photo studio. Horse-drawn transport remained the only mode of urban transport, although in 1912 the local Duma made a proposal to build a tram line in Nikolaevsk. But this project never came to fruition.

On January 10, 1906, the garrison of the Chnyrrakh fortress rebelled. Power passed into the hands of the soldiers, who held it for a month. The uprising was suppressed by local authorities. In August 1906, a longshoremen's strike broke out.
In 1913, Nikolaevsk once again became a regional center, this time of the Sakhalin region (until 1922).
Before the revolution, there were about 1,200 households in the city and over 15 thousand permanent residents. The city had electric lighting and telephone communications - an innovation very rare at that time for the outskirts of the Russian empire.

The struggle for Soviet power in the Lower Amur stretched out for almost five long years. Period Civil War and interventions led the city to a state of complete economic ruin, hunger, and poverty. In 1918, Japanese intervention began.
At the beginning of December 1919 he began to descend the Amur to Nikolaevsk partisan detachment under the command of 23-year-old Yakov Tryapitsin, in whose ranks there were many former criminals who had escaped from the Sakhalin penal servitude and were engaged in robberies in the taiga. On January 22, the city was surrounded by the Reds. To protect Nikolaevsk, a squad was organized - from the intelligentsia, officials, owners and employees of commercial and industrial enterprises and homeowners. Approximately 300 people, total number Japanese forces amounted to 900 people. On February 10-12, the city was bombed by a 57 mm gun. Then, on February 20-22 - two 6-inch and two 57 mm guns. Over 150 shells were fired.
On February 24, the Japanese command began negotiations with the Reds about the possible surrender of the city. After working out the conditions under which the city would surrender, the Reds entered the city on February 28, 1920 and immediately began arresting citizens according to the list. By March 11, the prison was overcrowded with arrestees, reaching up to 700 people. On the night of March 12, the Japanese began to act against the Reds, provoked by Ya. I. Tryapitsyn’s ultimatum, to issue several hundred rifles and machine guns. As a result of the battle, up to 45 Japanese surrendered. On the same day they were killed by the Reds. On March 13, the Japanese consul's building was set on fire. About 30 soldiers and civilians were killed. In two days, all civilians who took refuge in the consulate were killed, without distinction of gender or age. There were 117 men and 11 women. A group of Japanese soldiers began to make their way from the consulate across the ice to the Chinese gunboats, but all died under crossfire from the shore and from the gunboats. On March 14, shelling from a 6-dart gun began on the barracks, where the surviving Japanese soldiers and several citizens were hiding. After a 3-day bombardment (up to 120 shells were fired every day), on March 17, the Japanese surrendered. They were promised life and a return to their homeland in the spring. A total of 132 Japanese soldiers and 4 Japanese women surrendered and were killed on May 24 while preparing the city for evacuation.
On March 12 and 13, during the Japanese offensive, all Russian prisoners in prison were killed by partisans. Over 600 people, mostly intellectuals, died during these days. Tryapitsyn's henchman Lapta killed the Manager with his own hand in the back of the head. Sakhalin region F. F. Von Bunge. The rest were killed with checkers, bayonets, axes, logs - they killed as they wanted, just not with shots. The torment of all the prisoners was terrible, they had to endure everything that the unbridled mob could come up with, having received the right to life into their own hands.
Having finished with the prisoners, the partisans went to slaughter and kill Japanese citizens. Many begged for mercy, but many died with fortitude and courage. They died in silence, with contempt for the pack of villains. The horrors of what was happening were so great that some of the killers drove themselves to mental illness. Within two days, the Bolsheviks destroyed the entire Japanese colony and the entire expeditionary force.
During these days, preparations began for the evacuation of the city, prompted by reports of a Japanese landing in De-Kastri. The decision to completely evacuate the city and burn it was made at the suggestion of Tryapitsyn and Lebedeva. On May 20, together with the Chinese consul, the Chinese gunboats stationed near Nikolaevsk left the city. After this, arrests and murders became widespread.
On the nights of May 22 and 23, arrests were made of the families whose members were killed on the night of March 12-13. None of the citizens considered themselves safe, since arrests did not stop for a minute. Some of those arrested were immediately taken to the bank of the Amur and killed there. Madness and horror reigned in the city. Citizens tried to get poison for themselves so that when arrested they would not fall into the hands of the monsters alive. Residents were gripped by sheer horror. Everyone had only one thought - to leave the city at all costs.
On May 24, Japanese prisoners were killed with bayonets and axes. Their corpses were thrown into the Amur. That same evening, the imprisoned Russians were also killed. Moans and screams of the wounded, muffled by shots, intertwined with the brutal cries of partisans, intoxicated with blood, came from the dungeon. People living nearby fled in horror from the prison yard.
On May 28, the wholesale extermination of the remaining residents began. Those arrested were brought to the investigative commission, where their hands were tied and left to await the “formation of a party.” After the party reached 20-30 people, it was taken away on a boat, which delivered the bound people to the middle of the Amur and then, having hit them on the head with a mallet, the unconscious prisoners were thrown into the river. This method of murder was invented by the partisan Silin. On May 28, the Reds began to destroy by fire the fishing villages opposite Nikolaevsk, and on May 29, city real estate. On May 31, the entire city was a sea of ​​fire. The crackle of a burning tree could be heard 8 km away, and the darkness of smoke hung in the city area for 3 days. Residents who did not have time to flee, fleeing the fire, crowded onto the piers, not suspecting that they were mined with a large amount of explosives. The partisans came up with this fanaticism in order to enjoy the result of the explosion. Now the executioners, not bound by any formalities, walked through the streets, among the fires, and killed everyone who was still alive. On June 1, the partisans, loaded with loot, left what was left of the city.
This is how the tragic events in Nikolaevsk-on-Amur ended. Of the approximately 4,000 houses in the city, no more than 100 survived: The city, for a long time considered one of the most beautiful in the Far East, was actually destroyed.
zavtra.ru/content/view/murkina-respublika/
In 1922, Soviet power was established in the city.
In 1934, the city was designated the center of the Lower Amur region.
In 1941, thousands of Nikolaevsk residents were sent to the front. In 1942, the existing ship repair plant and shipyard were launched.
The city became one of the regional centers of the Khabarovsk Territory in 1956. In 1960, a shipbuilding plant was opened.
In 1985, the Nizhneamursky mining and processing plant began operating.
In 1998, by order of a Japanese company, the research vessel NIS-4 was created at the shipyard.
In 2002, a new Orthodox church was built.
In 2003, the mining and metallurgical plant Mnogovershinnoye LLC reached its designed gold production capacity and took third place among Russian mining and metallurgical plants.
Admiral S. O. Makarov studied at the Nikolaev Naval School in 1858-1865. Travelers N.M. Przhevalsky and V.K. Arsenyev, writers A.P. Chekhov and A.A. Fadeev visited here. The creator of the first Russian aircraft, A.F. Mozhaisky, and polar explorer G.Ya. Sedov served in it.

First the views from the plane

We are about to land. Cupid is colossal in size!

Above the city is a mixture of the private sector and unfinished microdistricts

The private sector is very spacious

The Nikolaevskaya Thermal Power Plant dominates the city

City center - street leads from the park. Lenin

City
View from the Salyut sports base - a pleasant place for skiing and sledding

When entering the city from the airport, you are greeted with very remarkable posters

And another small plane

St. Sovetskaya – remains of old buildings


Monument to G.I. Nevelsky

St. Lenin - a rare surviving ensemble of buildings for the city

In some places on the street. Lenin's pre-revolutionary merchant houses

Church of St. Nicholas (2002). Proportional and moderately pleasant building. Inside there is still a modest iconostasis. The only stone temple in the entire north of the Khabarovsk Territory. And one of the few modern attractions of Nikolaevsk.

Cinema "Salut" - a building from the era of the regional center of the Lower Amur region

"Glamour" in Nikolaevsk - chemical combination

Sometimes houses are built up to the very top. St. Siberian lives up to its name

An entire mountain system has formed here (for comparison, a jeep)

City Square - District House of Culture and Hotel "Sever" - formerly the city parade ground

Witness to a glorious past

Monument to Nevelsky on the embankment

Monument to the memory of those who fell during the Civil War

And behind him two very young girls are drinking.


In general, there are a lot of drunks in the city. What embarrassed me most of all was the tipsy gopota, dressed in dark tracksuits, tights with stripes and hats with earflaps. I wisely did not photograph her.

The embankment is covered with snow

The snow is melting, forming an enchanting microrelief in a southerly direction

Nikolaevsk - Soviet city

Sidewalks on Sovetskaya. They cleaned it with a bulldozer and then you had to climb from sidewalk to sidewalk like you were climbing mountains.

Photo album “On the Amur in the evening”

The stairs to the river turned into a sled slide

Photo album “Krasnoe-Chnyrrakh”
Several photos from the trip from Nikolaevsk to the villages of Krasnoye and Chnyrrakh. These places are very interesting, both in terms of views and defense systems of Nikolaevsk. We saw views of the Amur, but the fortress found itself in impassable snow.

Amur-Batyushka – width 7 km!!!

The mouth of the Amur is the cape on the right. Pronge, cape on the left. Chabagh

View of the village Chnyrrakh, Amur and Ogobi (556 m)

Chnyrrakh and the hills above it. The Chnyrrakh fortress is hidden in them by vegetation.

Amur near the village of Krasnoye - Nikolaevsk in the distance

A Brief History of Ups and Downs
Birth
August 1, 1850 - foundation of the Nikolaev post of G.I. Nevelsky.
1850-1854 – stagnation of development. Nevelsky’s attempts to actively develop the Nikolaev post did not find a response in St. Petersburg
1855 – 1870 - capital.
Arrival of the first rafting trips on the Amur. In 1856 - the status of a city, in 1858 - a regional center. The population grew to 7 thousand people. The city has a local history museum, a maritime school, a library, etc. Nevelskaya never saw the dawn of the city, because... in 1855, Muravyov-Amursky “resigned” from his position.
The entire Far East was under the control of Nikolaevsk-on-Amur Russian Empire– 1.8 million km2 – from Chukotka to Primorye. True, these were only developed territories and if Nikolaevsk had retained its status for a long time, it would have been an interesting city in the east of the country.
1870-1890 - a fall. As G.I. predicted. Nevelskaya was potentially more advantageous in its position near the southern harbors (Vladivostok) and at the confluence of the Ussuri and Amur (Khabarovsk). Colonization of Primorye and the Amur region led to the active development of Vladivostok and the transfer of the military-administrative center there in 1870, and Khabarovka, which in 1880 took away the role of a regional center from Nikolaevsk. After which the city fell into depression and its population by the early 1890s. reduced to 1000 people. This is exactly how A.P. found him. Chekhov, passing to Sakhalin, responded unflatteringly.
1890-1910 – ies. - golden age.
The industrial development of placer gold (it was also discovered in the 1850s by the Amur expedition of Nevelskoy) gave rise to gold rush and again brought Nikolaevsk to life. The fishing industry and shipbuilding followed the gold. And then education and culture. By 1914, the city's population had grown to 15 thousand people and the city became the center of the Sakhalin region.
1920s - ups and downs.
The civil war ended in tragedy for the city - the Red partisans under the leadership of Tryapitsyn burned the city to the ground in 1920. No more than a dozen buildings remain, which determines the poverty of the city’s historical and architectural heritage.
Due to the virtual destruction of the city in 1922, it lost its status as a regional center.
The Soviet government, nevertheless, understanding the benefits of the city’s position, is actively investing in its maritime component, creating a free port in it, developing shipbuilding.
1934-1956 - and again the regional center.
Back in 1926, Nikolaevsk was again designated the center of the Nikolaev district of the Primorsky province, covering almost the entire center and north of the modern Khabarovsk Territory and an area of ​​560 thousand sq. km. In 1934, the new Lower Amur Region was created almost within the borders of the Nikolaev Okrug. In Nikolaevsk, a theater and a regional museum of local lore opened in 1937. During the war years, shipbuilding and ship repair actively developed, and an airport was created.
By the time of deprivation of the status of a regional center, about 30 thousand people lived in Nikolaevsk.
1956 – 1980s – organizational center of the Lower Amur and Okhotsk basin.
Despite the loss of the status of a regional center, the economic development of the city continued. In 1960, a shipbuilding plant was launched, in 1973 - Nikolaevskaya CHPP, designed for Big city, in 1985 - a house-building plant. Cultural life has apparently died down, because... The theater and universities are no longer there.
1990-2000s - free fall.
Industrialization without terrestrial communication with the inhabited part of the country immediately led to the collapse of the urban economy. Large shipbuilding turned out to be unprofitable, and in the 2000s. and the forestry complex fell into decay due to the relocation of the timber export center to the ice-free ports of Vanino-Sovgavan - where there is Railway and De Castri - road. The seaport shrank, and supply bases for the “northers” were no longer needed; the airport has become quiet (now at the airport there is only 1 helicopter, 2 Yak-40 and 1 An-26, and this is for the entire north of the Khabarovsk Territory - 500 thousand km2; a new runway has been under construction for 20 years and only daily flights to Khabarovsk and through day to Okhotsk, and also once every 2 weeks to Tugur, Ayan and Nelkan, and before there was a flight Nikolaevsk-on-Amur - Abakan!!!).
Depression is expressed in a strong outflow of population - maximum in the Khabarovsk Territory, especially in the second half of the 2000s. and visual degradation of the remaining residents. At the same time, the city has decent cafes and decent shops and interesting, positive people.
Of course, it cannot be said that the last 20 years have had no positive moments in the city’s history. In 2002, the Church of St. Nicholas was opened, which has a generally pleasant size and architecture and successfully completes Lenin Street, which ends at the other end at the Nevelsky monument on the banks of the Amur.
In 2008, gas came to the city and the Nikolaevskaya Thermal Power Plant stopped covering the city with “ash”. In the mid-2000s, it became possible to travel almost year-round by vehicle along the Khabarovsk-Selikhino-Nikolaevsk highway, which significantly improved the city’s supply in the winter and made it possible to organize passenger traffic 3 times cheaper than an airplane. True, at the same time, communication on the Amur actually stopped, which is a pity.

Architectural and planning organization of the city
Nikolaevsk-on-Amur arose at Cape Kuegda as a military post. Now almost all coastal zone and the cape itself is a port and warehouse area, the territory of a former shipyard and thermal power plant. The residential part of the city actually begins north of the street. Sovetskaya, which stretches for 6 km from west to east and is considered the main one in the city. It is here that there are rare architectural monuments, a pleasant high embankment, the administration of the city and district and the plant management of the SSRZ.
The city's layout is open and rectangular, making it easy to navigate. The city is located on a plain sloping slightly from north to south. And from the north it is limited by hills up to 300 meters high. The city's dominant feature is two chimneys of a thermal power plant, about 100 meters high.

Nikolaevsk-on-Amur. View from the sports base "Salut" - a pleasant place for skiing and sledding

The buildings in the center are predominantly five-story buildings dating from the 1970s and 80s. There are 4 residential nine-story buildings. Why does the city look larger than its 24 thousand inhabitants? The outskirts are occupied by individual residential developments with large plots of vegetable gardens.
The special feature is low level landscaping. Apart from the culture and recreation park and the square on the embankment, the rest of the areas leave a deserted feeling. Lonely five-story buildings and deserted wide streets in the private sector. Industrial development – ​​coastal areas and eastern outskirts. On the territory of the city to the west of the Kamora River, there is also an airport, two former villages (Sergeevka and Russkaya Kamora), and summer cottages.
Judging by the seemingly chaotically arranged five-story buildings of the 1980s. apparently it was planned to completely demolish the wooden barracks city and build it up with large microdistricts of 5-9 storey buildings. The reconstruction of the city began simultaneously in all parts of the city and apparently threatened it with complete reconstruction by 2000 and a population of 80-100 thousand people. But Soviet Union, and later the Nikolaev Shipyard ended, leaving the reconstruction of the city at its peak. Construction has come to a standstill, turning the urban fabric into an indistinct mixture of unfinished microdistricts and the unfinished private sector and pre-war barracks. Even the street network has become fragmented. They moved from the convenient rectangular network of the old city to a system of dead ends and chaotic passages in microdistricts.
For almost 100 years, Nikolaevsk-on-Amur was almost a metropolitan, exceptional city, which was expressed in large and diverse buildings from the Art Nouveau and eclectic eras, to constructivism and the Stalinist Empire style. Judging by photographs from the 1920s and 30s. the city looked whole, solid, with its own settlements and settlements, with a distinct center. But in the 1970s. on the one hand, population and economic growth, quantitative degeneration and, at the same time, degradation of the quality of development. Well-appointed Khrushchev buildings and the Nikolaevskaya Thermal Power Plant gave residents quality apartments, but the city immediately faded from completely identical buildings. And now, based on individual buildings, one can only guess and speculatively reconstruct Nikolaevsk of the pre-industrial past.
But Industrial Nikolaevsk also died, leaving the skeletons of the buildings of the House-Building Plant and especially the giant slipways of the shipbuilding plant. Only two pipes of the thermal power plant, like the pipes of a steamship, seem to be pulling the city into a bright future.
And even if it comes, the economy is revived and the city grows again, it will be much more difficult to make Nikolaevsk pleasant and comfortable due to the destruction of the city center in the 1970-80s. Khabarovsk and Blagoveshchensk, which arose and developed before the revolution at a pace comparable to Nikolaevsk, retained pleasant historical areas of the city. I think that probably about the attractiveness of Nikolaevsk as a cultural, tourist and historical city in Soviet years did not think about it, as in many other cities of Russia.
The only truly pleasant place is the small embankment on the street. Sovetskaya, where about a dozen monuments are concentrated, confirming the exceptional status of the city.

Instead of a conclusion. Thoughts about the future
Thinking about the history of the city, its ups and downs, it seems that this is not the last decline of the city and will grow again. For the last 20 years, it has been painfully getting used to the status of a small town, and this is especially difficult for a former port city, where the scale of the people was global. Nikolaevsk is of course large for its current Nikolaevsky district, where there are a dozen and a half villages and only one mining and processing enterprise in Mnogovershinny. Therefore, it will again enter an equilibrium state, when the population is reduced to 10-15 thousand people, and only those who know and know how to earn money again actually from the natural economy will remain - fish, hunting, a little timber, gold. But there will still be a city center that has been torn apart and spoiled by the Khrushchev era.
The history of Nikolaevsk shows that with proper public policy The potential of the place makes it possible to have a large city here and organize/manage a colossal territory, but the self-development of a city (such as Khabarovsk, which has also transitioned to a post-industrial economy) remote from land transport routes does not work. And this means that the district deputies are right, that without a railway and road, it is pointless to talk about the industrial and infrastructural development of Nikolaevsk. I don’t believe that Russian Railways will build a bridge to Sakhalin in the next 20-30 years, much less a branch to Nikolaevsk and a bridge across the 5-kilometer Amur. Watching how actively public funds are being invested in Vladivostok, an already rich city, you see behind these “bridges to Russky Island” and underinvestment in other cities of the Far East, you see poor Nikolaevsk, and the abandoned BAM. Unfortunately, there are no grounds for changing the purely targeted development policy in the Far East (Vladivostok, Khabarovsk, northern Sakhalin), no matter what the “Strategy for the Development of the Far East and Transbaikalia until 2025” declares. The conclusion follows that Nikolaevsk should rely only on its own strengths and resources. The conclusion is sad, but it is realistic for most of the small and medium-sized cities of our country (and for Georgievsk it is the same, which I worry about even more). Our forces and resources are enough for a small city with a population of up to 10 thousand people, where, in addition to the natural economy, we would also like to see attempts at restoration glorious history(Chnyrrakh fortress, fortified areas at the mouth of the Amur, museum, individual buildings, embankment). Of course, Nikolaevsk is far from tourist routes, but it has resources for tourism, because... world famous people, world history (Crimean War, First World War) was played out in this city and in this regard, there are very few cities in the Far East that have such a baggage of the past in addition to the majestic Amur and sternly solemn nature (only Khabarovsk, Vladivostok, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky), but that’s all big cities. Therefore, the sustainable development of Nikolaevsk-on-Amur in the medium term is seen in post-industrial development, for which a modern airport, a motor ship and a highway to Khabarovsk will be enough. At the same time, I think that such a temporary “conservation” of the city’s potential and position, forced due to the state’s inattention to the Far East, will last no more than a few decades. And then there will be growth again. The potential of the city's territorial capabilities makes it possible to build here a city with a population of one million. Of course, in an era when the world is entering a period of narrowed reproduction, what is important is not the quantity, but the quality of the population and, accordingly, the urban environment, and therefore a million inhabitants in Nikolaevsk is rather a resource of the territory, but not a distant reality. Which I see in a fairly large, balanced city that governs the north of the Khabarovsk Territory, Sakhalin and the Sea of ​​Okhotsk basin.

Nikolaevsk-on-Amur - Khabarovsk - Dzerzhinsky, 26 - 03/28/2010