EntranceWhat is important when entering a university? How to enter a university after a specialized secondary institution: step-by-step instructions
If you enter a university after the 11th grade of school, then in most cases you must pass the Unified state exam(USE). What subjects are needed for admission to the direction or specialty you have chosen can be found in the list of entrance tests in the order of the Ministry of Education and Science Russian Federation dated September 4, 2014 No. 1204.
In some cases, along with the Unified State Exam, you may need to pass additional entrance tests:
- upon admission to budgetary education in specialties and areas included in the approved order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated January 17, 2014 No. 21, for example, “architecture”, “journalism” or “medicine”;
- upon admission to Moscow state university them. M.V. Lomonosov (MSU). The list of specialties and areas for which additional entrance tests must be taken is determined by MSU independently;
- if you are enrolling in a university where studies require admission to state secret or public service, for example, to the Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The rules for admission to such universities are determined by the federal authorities that supervise them.
2. Is it possible to enter a university without the Unified State Exam?
You don’t have to take the Unified State Exam and enroll based on the results entrance exams which the university conducts independently if you belong to one of the following categories:
- disabled people and children with disabilities;
- foreign citizens;
- applicants applying on the basis of a diploma of secondary or higher professional education;
- applicants who have received a certificate The certificate must be received no earlier than a year before the deadline for accepting documents at the university.">no more than a year ago and have never taken the Unified State Exam. For example, instead of it, those who passed the state final exam (GVE) or received education abroad. If an applicant has passed the Unified State Exam in some subjects and the State State Examination in the rest, he can take the internal exam at the university only in the subjects in which he passed the State State Examination;
- applicants who received secondary general education on the territory of the Republic of Crimea or in the city of Sevastopol in 2017 or 2018 - only in the calendar year in which they received the certificate.*
In subsequent years, they can apply based on the results of the Unified State Exam.
3. When do I need to submit documents for admission?
For budget full-time and full-time correspondence form For bachelor's and specialist's degrees, universities begin accepting documents no later than June 20. Document acceptance ends no earlier than:
- July 7, if upon admission to your chosen specialty or field of study, the university conducts additional creative or professional tests;
- July 10, if upon admission to the specialty or field of study you have chosen, the university conducts any other additional entrance tests;
- July 26, if you are applying only based on the results of the Unified State Exam.
For all forms of paid and correspondence education on a budget, universities determine the deadlines for accepting documents independently.
You can simultaneously submit documents for admission to a bachelor’s or specialist’s degree to five universities. In each of them you can choose up to three specialties or areas of training.
4. What documents are needed for admission?
When applying to a university, you will need to fill out an application for admission. As a rule, it can be downloaded from the university website. The application must be accompanied by:
- passport or other document proving the identity and citizenship of the applicant;
- document on previous education received: school leaving certificate, diploma of primary, secondary or higher vocational education;
- information about the results of the Unified State Exam, if you took it;
- 2 photographs if upon admission you will take additional entrance tests;
- registration certificate or military ID (if available);
- medical certificate form 086/у - for medical, pedagogical and Their list was approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 14, 2013 No. 697.">some others specialties and directions;
- if your representative will submit documents instead of you, you will additionally need a notarized power of attorney and a document proving his identity;
- If at the time of submitting documents you are under 18 years old, take with you a consent form for the processing of your personal data, signed by a parent or guardian - without it, documents will not be accepted. Download the form on the university website or ask the staff admissions committee send it to you by email.
You can submit both original documents and their copies. It is not necessary to have copies certified by a notary. You can submit documents in person at the university admissions office or at one of its branches, if there are any. In addition, documents can be sent by registered mail.
About all methods of submitting documents, including Some educational institutions may accept documents on-site: in this case, you can hand over the documents to a university representative at mobile document collection points. In addition, the university, at its discretion, may accept documents sent by email.
">alternatives, please check by calling the admissions office of a particular university.5. What do you need to apply for a budget?
To apply to the chosen university, you must score a number of points equal to minimum score or exceeding it. The university itself determines the minimum score for each specialty and direction, but cannot set it below the level approved by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.
A competition is being held among applicants who have submitted documents for admission. The first to be admitted will be the applicants with the most total points for For some individual achievements, the university can add points to the applicant - no more than 10 in total. Such achievements can be a school medal, a certificate or a diploma of secondary vocational education with honors. The full list can be found in paragraph 44 of the admission procedure for training in educational programs higher education, approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated October 14, 2015 No. 1147.
The list of individual achievements that are taken into account at a particular university upon admission can be found in the university admission rules. Admission rules are published by the university on its official website no later than October 1 of the previous year.
">individual achievements and for the Unified State Exam - only in subjects that are needed for admission to the chosen faculty.Based on the results of the competition, it is determined passing score- the smallest number of points that was sufficient for enrollment. Thus, the passing score changes every year and is determined only during the enrollment process. As a guide, you can look at the passing score for the faculty for last year.
Applicants who enter under quotas do not take part in the general competition, but participate in the competition within the framework of their quota. To do this, they must also score a number of points equal to or exceeding the minimum value set by the university.
You can get a higher education in Russia for free once. This restriction does not apply to master's degree studies - after a bachelor's or specialist's degree, you can enroll in a master's program at a budget department.
6. Who can enter without exams?
The following people can enter the university without entrance exams:
- winners and runners-up final stage All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren or the IV stage of All-Ukrainian student Olympiads, if they enter specialties and directions, "> corresponding to the profile of the Olympiad - for 4 years, not counting the year in which the Olympiad was held;
- members of national teams of the Russian Federation and Ukraine (if they are citizens of the Russian Federation), who participated in international Olympiads in general education subjects, if they are enrolled in directions and specialties, The university independently determines which areas and specialties the Olympiad profile corresponds to."> corresponding to the profile of the Olympiad in which they participated - for 4 years, not counting the year in which the Olympiad was held;
- champions and prize-winners of the Olympic, Paralympic or Deaf Olympic Games, world or European champions and athletes who took first place at the World or European Championships in sports included in the programs of the Olympic, Paralympic or Deaf Olympic Games, can enter specialties and directions in the field without exams physical culture and sports.
Winners and prize-winners of Olympiads from the list approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated August 28, 2018 No. 32n can count on admission without exams for 4 years, not counting the year in which the Olympiad was held. However, the university itself determines which Olympiad winners and prize-winners are accepted from the list without exams (or provide them with other benefits upon admission), in which class the applicant should have taken part in them, and what areas and specialties the Olympiad profile corresponds to.
In addition, in order to take advantage of the benefit, the winner or prize-winner of the Olympiad from the list of the Ministry of Education and Science must score a certain number of points on the Unified State Exam in a core subject, which the university also sets independently, but not less than 75.
7. What is “targeted learning”?
Some universities conduct admissions for targeted training in specialties included in the list determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.
An applicant entering within the target quota is sent to study by the region of the Russian Federation, government agency or a company with which the university has entered into an agreement on admitting applicants for targeted training. You can find out whether such agreements have been concluded at the university of your choice by contacting the admissions office. Applicants entering under the target quota do not participate in the general competition.
When submitting an application for admission to targeted training, in addition to the main documents, you will need to provide a copy of the target training agreement certified by the customer or present the original later. Sometimes information about the contract concluded with you comes to the educational institution directly from the organization that orders the training.
Information about applicants within the target quota is not included in the general list of applications for admission, and is not posted on official websites and information stands in the interests of state security.
8. What other benefits are there when entering a university?
Most admission benefits can be divided into 4 groups:
- admission within the framework of a special quota - these applicants do not participate in the general competition, and the passing score for them, as a rule, is But not lower minimum score established by the university.">below than for other applicants. Applicants with disabilities of groups I and II, children with disabilities and those disabled since childhood, disabled people due to a military injury or illness received during the period of study can apply for admission under a special quota. military service, orphans and children left without parental care (retain the right to admission under a special quota until the age of 23), Categories listed in Federal law dated January 12, 1995 No. 5-FZ “On Veterans” (see Article 3, paragraph 1, subparagraphs 1–4).">veterans military operations. Within the framework of a special quota, the university allocates at least 10% of budget places from the volume of control figures for each set of conditions for admission to study in bachelor's and specialty programs;
- right to 100 points - if an applicant has the right to admission without exams, but wants to enter a faculty that does not correspond to the profile of his Olympiad, he can receive 100 points for one of the entrance tests automatically, if it For example, the winner of the All-Russian Physics Olympiad does not want to enter the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics and chooses astronomy, where he also needs to take physics - in this case he will receive 100 points for physics without passing it.">corresponds his Olympiad profile;
- benefits for individual achievements - medalists, winners of Olympiads (which the university does not accept without exams and does not provide the right to 100 points) and
- champions and prize-winners of the Olympic, Paralympic and Deaflympic Games and other sports competitions;
- applicants with a certificate with honors;
- gold and silver medalists;
- volunteers;
- winners of the championship in professional skills among disabled people and persons with disabilities disabilities health "Abilimpix".
9. How is enrollment done?
Until July 27 inclusive, on its official website, the university publishes lists of applicants applying for a bachelor's or specialty degree in a budget department of full-time or part-time study and who have passed the minimum score threshold.
The lists are ranked by the number of points, that is, higher positions are occupied by applicants whose total number of points for the Unified State Examination, additional entrance tests and individual achievements are higher. If the number of points is the same, they take into account who scored more points on the specialized entrance test and who has the right to priority admission.
After this, enrollment begins. It takes place in several stages:
- priority admission stage - enroll applicants who enter without exams, within the framework of a special or targeted quota. These applicants must, by July 28, submit to the university where they decided to enroll and where they passed the exams, the original document on previous education and an application for consent to enrollment. The enrollment order is issued on July 29;
- Stage I of admission - at this stage, the university can fill up to 80% of the budget places remaining free after priority admission, for each specialty or direction. Applicants are admitted in accordance with the position they occupy on the list of applicants - those who occupy a higher position are admitted first. At this stage, you must submit the original document on previous education and an application for consent to enrollment no later than August 1. The enrollment order is issued on August 3;
- Stage II of enrollment - the university fills out the remaining budget places. Applicants who will be admitted at this stage must submit the original document on previous education and an application for consent to admission no later than August 6. The order is issued on August 8.
The university updates the list of applicants daily, excluding from them those who decided to enroll in another university and those who are already enrolled.
The university determines the deadlines for enrollment in paid departments and correspondence courses independently.
Answering the question “How to enter a higher education institution without the Unified State Exam (in-person, in absentia, remotely)?” It is advisable to consider three legal options for admission: through college, through retake, through a foreign institute. Where can you go, or rather, what universities are you allowed to enter without passing exams? It is worth noting that the list of data educational institutions is not secret, but you will not see a sign on the assignment of each of them that the institute is enrolling students for studies without the Unified State Exam. Let's take a closer look at the legal options for entering an institute, university, or university to obtain higher education without passing the notorious Unified State Exam.
First option
Without the Unified State Exam, it is possible by law to go to college, and after receiving secondary vocational education, it is possible by law to go to college without the Unified State Exam and study according to an abbreviated program.
This is the first option for a legal and official way to obtain higher education without passing the Unified State Exam, that is, through entering college.
Second option
Enter any foreign university and later transfer to a Russian university without passing the Unified State Exam. There are a number of Russian universities that can help with this if, for some reason, the applicant does not have the required Unified State Exam results, or has not taken it at all.
This option is not obvious, it is not as simple as it seems, but in practice it exists and can be used absolutely legally and legally.
Third option
Less popular, but also has its place. If Unified State Exam results are unsatisfactory, in which case the law provides for its retake. Thus, you can study with a tutor and eventually score the required number of points for admission. compulsory subjects– “mathematics” and “Russian language” and additional items, at the choice of the applicant.
One of the disadvantages of this option is the wasted time for preparation and retake and the lack of guarantees that during the retake you will be able to score the desired number of points.
Current legislation in the field of education allows you to enter a university, higher education institution, or institute for higher education without passing the Unified State Exam - Unified State Exam. In general, anyone can apply. Some after the army, some after college, there are students who want to study remotely (correspondence) and they graduated from school at a time when the Unified State Exam was not compulsory for everyone. And some of the applicants simply did not score the required number of points and at the same time do not want to wait for a retake or the next intake.
In the near future, 11th-graders will have to decide how many and which Unified State Examinations they will write in addition to the compulsory mathematics and Russian language tests, as well as in which Olympiads to participate.
According to the Ministry of Education and Science, today up to 80% of school graduates become students. This is a gratifying statistic, especially since during Soviet times this figure rarely exceeded 20%. Don't rush to rejoice! Most students enroll in paid places. How to become a student for free?
The first way. Unified State Exam
The most common option. Based on the results of the Unified State Exam, up to 80% of students are admitted.
Pros
Equal opportunities for all applicants, especially if next year will take into account all scandals and exclude the use of mobile phones, tips from tutors and the replacement of schoolchildren by students.
Previously, to enroll, you had to study at preparatory departments at institutes or look for a tutor from there. This required huge financial investments. According to experts, today this path is pointless. No matter how much universities claim otherwise, they cannot give any concessions for admission.
In the 11th grade, you can already focus on those subjects that are necessary for admission.
Cons
The student must clearly understand where he wants to go in the fall. If you do not submit an application to participate in the Unified State Exam in a particular subject on time, it is very difficult to change the list, and since the end of winter it has been completely impossible.
The level of difficulty of the Unified State Exam varies from year to year. In 2010, admission to a decent university was guaranteed by 75 points out of 100; in 2011, you had to score at least 85.
Second way. Olympics
Today - the presence of a diploma of an Olympiad winner, which is included in the list of Olympiads for schoolchildren approved by the Ministry of Education and Science.
They include almost 80 tests conducted by different universities across the country.
Pros
Several dozen schoolchildren are announced as winners in each.
The diploma (depending on the level of the Olympiad) guarantees, if not admission without competition, then exactly 100 points in the subject, and this is guaranteed admission. You can participate in the Olympiads yourself, but candidates for the All-Russian Olympiad are nominated through the school. Moreover, in most Olympiads, the first round does not require presence at the university: assignments are sent via the Internet. There are very complex Olympiads like the emge "Lomonosov", and there are also quite real ones, say, which are held by the Moscow State Pedagogical University.
Cons
Registration for participation in the Olympiad usually takes one to a maximum of two months. Missed it and the opportunity to participate was lost.
Only schoolchildren can enter through the Olympiads. Technical school students - those who were unable to enroll this year - are deprived of this right.
Our Internet sites are mostly poorly debugged. Let's say, last year, during the Olympiad, which was held by one of the leading universities in Russia, there was a technical failure, because of which the site froze and many simply could not send the answers.
The Olympics are a corruption-intensive way to enter. In the correspondence course, their tutors often answer instead of students, and in some universities diplomas of prize-winners are sold.
This year, up to 10-15% of places in the country's elite universities went to people with disabilities and special needs.
At least here people with disabilities don’t feel like second-class citizens.
Unfortunately, a considerable part of the admitted students bought fake documents from VTEKs.
Eleven school years fly by quickly, so it’s worth deciding on the choice of profession and the university where you can get it as early as possible. Of course, you need to make a decision about the direction of movement along the path of building a career, based primarily on your own preferences, abilities and inclinations for a particular job. But so that acquiring a profession does not take too much time and effort, and so that after graduation you do not end up out of work, you will have to take into account the peculiarities modern system education and labor market conditions.
When should you think about choosing a profession?
Many schoolchildren and their parents postpone the decision about options for obtaining a certain specialty until the last moment - that is, before the start of their studies in the 11th grade. This approach to your own future is not the most balanced and rational. It is much more practical to think in advance what is more priority: to obtain a sought-after profession in four years and immediately enter the labor market or to stretch out your studies at a university for at least six years. In any case, the fundamental choice is made in 9th grade.
Option #1
If the first path is planned, then it is not necessary to continue studying at school: colleges and technical schools have already ceased to be considered sharashka offices for losers. Today, secondary vocational education, especially obtained in colleges that are part of universities, can be considered as the first step towards a bachelor's degree. The lion's share of graduates of colleges at universities and institutes, having already acquired a popular specialty, enters a basic university and continues their free studies in order to obtain higher education through accelerated programs.
The period of study in universities for holders of secondary vocational education is reduced due to the re-crediting of some general education or even special disciplines already completed in college. A college diploma gives the graduate the right to apply for budget-funded places in any specialized universities corresponding to the previous field of study. In this case, it is not necessary to pass: admission of applicants with a secondary vocational education, is based on the results of internal testing or interviews.
Colleges at Moscow universities
In total, there are 45 colleges in Moscow, part of the structure of various leading universities - such as MEPhI, VGIK, MGHPA im. Stroganov. Admission to these prestigious colleges takes place without exams - based on certificate scores, and graduates of a “sponsored” secondary specialized educational institution have priority rights when enrolling in the first year of a flagship university. After graduating from college, you can already begin to build a career while your former classmates are still entering their third year at a university or institute, and at the same time receive a higher education through evening or correspondence courses.
Option No. 2
Purposeful movement along the second path of long-term educational trajectory You also need to start in the ninth grade - with maximum awareness in high school. Most secondary educational institutions (and not only lyceums and gymnasiums) enroll specialized tenth grades, the programs of which are focused on preparation for passing certain Unified State Examination disciplines necessary for admission to various faculties or even specialties in higher educational institutions.
FIPI (Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements) recommended using the results of the OGE, which ends studies in primary school, to fill such specialized classes. Two subjects (Russian and mathematics) at the state exam are required for everyone, two more - the graduate chooses at his own discretion. It is clear that in order to continue studying, for example, in a medical class, you need to choose chemistry and biology to pass the GIA-9, and those who want to become journalists after school cannot do without the results of the literature exam.
The final decision on choosing a profession and, accordingly, the direction of study at a university must be made at the beginning of the 11th grade: applications for participation in the Unified State Exam are written in the fall. You must decide on the items to be submitted before February 1st; after this deadline, nothing can be changed. If the choice of disciplines is made thoughtlessly, then the exams required for admission to a particular university will not be able to be passed in the current academic year, which significantly reduces the number of possible study options: documents can be submitted to five higher education organizations for three different programs.
The choice of subjects for taking the Unified State Exam should be based on the university’s requirements for applicants to specific specialties or areas. You can find out all the necessary information on the websites of universities and institutes - all higher educational institutions Countries are required to post online the admission rules for the current academic year and a list of disciplines for admission to each program by October 1.
How to choose a university
Everyone has their own criteria for choosing a future alma mater. Some prefer the university located closest to home, others are aimed at entering the first institute they come across with little competition for budget places, others dream of becoming a student at a specific flagship of academic science, and for others it is important to get a certain profession - and it doesn’t matter which university’s name is written on the diploma.
The first three approaches do not require much thought, the fourth involves serious analytics before making a final decision. “Your own investigation” is best done with a few important points in mind.
Prospects after graduation
They are best assessed by answering the question “What will happen after graduation?” Information about the employment of graduates or about partner employers, which many universities publish on their websites, will help you figure this out. The Ministry of Education and Science also conducts consolidated monitoring of educational institutions. In the “Organizations” section there is a “Universities” tab, and in it there is “Dynamics”.
Having studied it, you can with a high degree of probability predict the chances of your own employment after graduating from a particular university.
A good source of information for thought will be the salary ratings of young professionals who graduated from Russian universities. For example, an IT specialist with a diploma from Astrakhan or Tula University will be able to apply for a salary of 74 thousand in Moscow, and with a diploma from MIPT - 150 thousand. But then, perhaps, the main technical institute of the country is at level 95, and you can enter the Astrakhan or Tula university for the same specialty as in the capital with 63 points scored for each of the Unified State Exam subjects.
Possibility of targeted reception
It is directly related to job prospects. implies a conscious choice by the applicant not only of the field of future labor activity or a specific profession, but also the enterprise where you will work. Admission to a university on the recommendation of a company involves concluding an agreement with it, according to which the student undertakes to study well, and after completing his studies, work for at least three years at the enterprise that paid for his education.
If we take into account that targeted directions can only be issued by state corporations and organizations whose authorized capital contains funds from the federal budget, then the obligation for a decent remuneration to devote several years of life to the success and prosperity of, for example, Gazprom or Rosatom, will not seem slavery in the galleys. By the way, large state-owned enterprises prefer to place orders for training their future employees the best universities countries, such as Moscow State University, Sechenov Medical University, Baumanka, Higher School of Economics, Tomsk Polytechnic, Gubkin Russian State University, St. Petersburg State University of Economics, MIPT, RUDN, MAI.
RIA Novosti infographics, data from the 2017 admissions campaign.
When deciding to take a targeted direction at a university, you need to keep in mind that state corporations place orders for training mainly in specialty programs, that is, the study will last 5 years. But this fact can also be considered as a plus: a bachelor’s degree, which is obtained after four years of study, does not give the right to occupy leadership positions, for example, head of a department. In order to move up the career ladder in the future, you will have to spend another two years studying for a master's degree, but before that, you will have to relive the admission process: take exams and participate in the qualifying competition.
Passing scores
Data on the average passing scores at the chosen university will help you assess your chances of admission. Most educational institutions on their websites, in sections under names like “Applicants,” inform not only about the admission rules, but also about the Unified State Exam scores, which last year were enough to become a freshman.
If the necessary information is not available on the website, you can find it on the Ministry of Education and Science service “Do the right thing.” The ministry takes the data for filling it out from reports that universities are required to send to officials at the end of each admissions campaign in order to report on the quality of education.
In general, the level of passing scores is stable and predictable: in order to enter prestigious metropolitan institutes and universities, you need to pass the Unified State Exam with an average of 80 points (for technical specialties - 70), and regional universities are accepted with results of 53-65.
Number of budget places
Exactly how many students will study at state expense in each university or institute is decided by the Ministry of Education and Science, based on the federal standard, according to which 800 budget-funded places should be allocated in universities for every 10,000 population aged 17-30. The size of the quota for a particular educational institution depends on several factors, and the prestige of the university is not the last place on their list.
In general, the distribution free places occurs according to the following scheme. Regional employment centers and large employers send reports to the Ministry (now of higher education) with information about how many and what kind of professionals they lack. Also, university associations share their opinions with the Ministry of Education and Science about which specialties it is necessary to accept “budget” applicants for. The final distribution of quotas for areas of training is made after agreement with the relevant ministries (for example, with the Ministry of Energy or the Ministry of Health) and the founders of leading educational institutions, for example, with the Government of the Russian Federation, which by law is considered the founder of Moscow State University and St. Petersburg State University.
So, if the Ministry of Education and Science declares that the country does not need new lawyers and economists now, but employers are lining up for programmers, agronomists and engineers, then this information should definitely be taken into account. For an applicant, it means that the chance to study programming or agricultural sciences at a university at public expense is quite large, but the state does not intend to finance the general craving for knowledge in jurisprudence among applicants.
The Ministry of Education and Science is quite consistent in its statements and actions. Having predicted a shortage for engineers, nuclear power engineers, IT specialists, teachers, rocket, aircraft and shipbuilders, the ministry has been reducing the number of free places in economic and legal fields for several years in a row, redistributing quotas in favor of engineering and teaching specialties.
Information on the number of places allocated for admission to paid training, all universities are required to publish on their websites before June 1.
Contest
It directly depends on the number of free places. If there are few of them, and there are many who want to enroll, the competition will be serious. But a clear connection between the competition and passing scores is not always visible. For example, this year there were a little more than 7 applicants for one budget place at Moscow State University (on average for all faculties), and at the Medical Institute of Belgorod University there were almost twice as many: 16. It’s hard to believe, but the competition for the field of “pediatrics” at BelSU there were 111 people (before the publication of the ranking of applicants it was 150).
At the same time, the average passing score at Moscow State University is 86, and at the BelSU Medical Institute - 77. Most likely, the fact is that the higher the average Unified State Exam results of applicants, the fewer people want to compete for a budget place: after all, everyone knows that documents for top-brand universities Only strong applicants apply, with whom it is not easy to compete.
In addition, the competition is greatly influenced by market fluctuations and tactical maneuvers of applicants for admission. It happens that applicants see that too many applications have been submitted for one of the popular specialties, while for other profiles there is no full house, or even a shortage. As a result, on the last day of accepting documents, all the attention of those who want to enroll in a budget place at any cost switches to the “outsider” specialties of the admissions campaign - and the competition changes dramatically.
In addition, when choosing a university, you should not rely only on competition data, if only because indicators in the same educational institution can vary greatly in different years. If during the previous admissions campaign there were few candidates for budget-funded places at any institute and this information was taken into account by graduates, then it may turn out that this year there will be an order of magnitude more people wishing to enroll in an “easily accessible” university.
Accreditation
Its availability determines what kind of diplomas the university issues to its graduates - state or its own. Another important point: deferment from the army is provided only to students of accredited programs. You can check the status of a university using the Rosobrnadzor university map or in the register of educational organizations on the website of the federal service.
Forms of higher education
At the same time as choosing a profession and educational institution, you should think about the form of obtaining higher education. Today, there are several options for studying at a university.
- Traditional - full-time study at a Russian state university. This is the most common option, does not need any comments, and is suitable for well-prepared applicants who are able to withstand the competition. It's great if educational process includes the opportunity to study for two or three months at a foreign university. Over a longer period, problems may arise with linking disciplines studied abroad with university plan. Short-term forms of study abroad can be offered by the university or selected independently. If planned long-term training, then the regulations provide for the opportunity to take academic leave.
- Reserve - study at a Russian state university in the evening department. Unfortunately, part-time form teaching students in lately, in fact, turned into a backup option for applicants who did not pass the competition for full-time study, although it was originally intended for working youth.
- Forced - paid education at a Russian state university. It is preferable when “budget” and “paid” students study in the same groups.
- Paid - studying at a Russian non-state university. Many people prefer contractual studies at a public university to contractual education at a private university. This is usually due to the lack of “name” and work experience of private educational institutions. However, the differences are gradually disappearing, such universities are gaining experience (there are already positive examples), and most of them have already received state accreditation.
- Foreign - studying abroad. IN foreign universities There are specialties that are not available in our country; in European, Asian or American universities you can gain a lot of new knowledge, but there can also be many problems associated with such training.
- Joint - training in special programs at a Russian university. In this case, the academic plan provides for a certain period of study abroad, and graduates receive.
Paid training
Most state universities admit students to study both on a budgetary and paid basis - under contracts. Contract study has several features:
- Training can be conducted in special faculties (departments) with their own admission rules, curricula, etc., or contract students are added to regular student groups, and their studies are no different from those of state employees.
- The fee can be paid immediately for the entire period of study or divided into parts - for a year, a semester. The amount can be fixed or variable - with the possibility of adjustment (from the point of view of the applicant and his parents, it is more expedient to be fixed, excluding price increases). Often, with a one-time payment for the entire period of study, the university reduces the total cost by 30-40%.
- Agreements can be concluded both immediately upon submission of documents, and after the end of admission, when the applicant does not pass the competition for places of budget funding. In a number of universities, the amount of fees depends on the number of points scored in exams. Some universities enter into contracts before and after entrance examinations at different prices.
Paid admission to universities is not regulated in detail by state standards, so educational institutions independently determine its rules. At one university or institute, a combination of different options for contractual admission is possible.
Admission rules and procedure for enrolling in a university
IN general view rules for admission to universities are also regulated by order of the Ministry of Education and Science No. 1147. But all educational institutions have the right to establish their own. In general, in any of the universities or institutes it does not contradict federal regulations; the document clarifies only the points relating to:
- passing scores for each of the Unified State Exam subjects (they may be higher than those established by the Ministry of Education and Science);
- additional entrance exams;
- special rights of preferential categories of applicants;
- the procedure for recording personal achievements;
- concluding agreements on paid training.
The admission rules for a particular university may have some specific requirements for submitted documents, for example, the need to submit a non-standard medical certificate. Carefully study the benefits provided to the winners and participants of competitions and olympiads, graduates of preparatory courses, etc. For applicants claiming special rights upon admission, it is advisable to show the relevant documents to the secretary of the admissions committee or a university lawyer in advance, since cases of incorrect registration of certificates are quite common.
Before demobilization, military personnel must take a reference letter from their military unit, making sure to put a stamp on it. The wording “recommended for admission to a university” is desirable in the text. The name of the university may not be indicated in the document. The certificate from the military unit does not have an expiration date.
Be sure to study the procedure for holding a competition at the university: is it general or separate according to narrow profiles. It is not common, but there is an admission scheme with distribution by specialization in senior years. Some educational institutions, especially those with programs in several related specialties, practice a general competition, in which two scenarios are possible:
- First, those who have applied for a certain specialty are enrolled, and if there are free places left, then candidates from other, similar profiles are transferred to them.
- All applicants are ranked according to their scores, then distributed according to their specialties. If on some profiles there are more enrolled applicants than there are places, then the “extra” are transferred to where there are vacancies.
University admission campaign deadlines
In fact, admission to a university begins not in the summer, after graduation, but in early December of the current academic year. On one of the days of the first ten days of December (usually the date is set in the period from the 5th to the 20th), all eleventh-graders in Russia write a final essay, the results of which serve as admission to take the Unified State Exam.
Almost two months - from mid-March to early May - are allocated for the early period of the Unified State Examination; the bulk of graduates take the unified state exam from May 20-21 to June 1-3 (the schedule is updated by the Ministry of Education and Science annually). Acceptance of documents to universities begins no later than June 20 and continues until:
- July 7 - for those who enter by additional tests creative or professional nature;
- July 10 - for applicants applying for intra-university exams;
- July 26 - for applicants only based on Unified State Exam results.
- On July 28-29, non-competitive admission of applicants (olympiad participants, all) and priority admission of applicants and target students takes place;
- On July 29, lists of those recommended for enrollment in the first wave are published;
- On August 1-3, 80% of the remaining budget places are filled;
- On August 6-8, the remaining 20% of free places are distributed in the second wave.
If there are still vacant budget-funded places at the university, then additional admissions will be held from August 15.
Admission to a university involves in the ups and downs of the struggle not only its direct participants, but also a large circle of “fans” discussing issues of the competition, passing grades, etc. In an atmosphere of anxiety, rumors are born, received from the “most reliable” sources. If you have any doubts or a misunderstanding, don’t worry, contact the admissions committee - officials will help you figure it out and give you the necessary advice. Take into account only information received from members of the admissions committee, and not from university employees who have nothing to do with the admissions campaign, and especially from random people.
The availability of budget-funded higher education is annually maintained at the level of 55-57%. In 2018, schools graduated 640 thousand eleventh graders, of which 454 thousand applied for admission to universities. In total, the state paid for the education of 549 thousand students to universities, academies and institutes: 312 thousand - in undergraduate programs, 77 thousand - specialist programs, the remaining 160 thousand places are intended for free admission to master's programs (129 thousand), postgraduate programs (15 thousand), residency (15.5 thousand) and assistantship-internship (0.5 thousand). That is, out of 454 thousand graduates, 389 thousand will be able to graduate. This means that if you take a responsible approach to entering a university, decide in advance on the direction of future training and choose training in a specialty that is a priority for the state, for which it is allocated large number quotas, then plans to become a student at a budget department of a university or institute will definitely come true.
Obtaining higher education with financial assistance from states is a way to save a large amount of money. Therefore, applicants ask a logical question: what is needed to enter a university on a budget?
Getting on a budget is always a holiday
We recently sat down with my students, who were not very actively doing homework, and calculated how much it costs to study at a more or less decent (not to mention top!) university. On average 200-300 thousand per year. For 4 years of study, the family will spend about a million rubles - horror! It’s very motivating to urgently do the homework and prepare for the Unified State Exam more diligently, isn’t it?
Everyone wants a budget. But there are many more applicants than budget places, so, alas, there is not enough for everyone. However, I must admit that the budget is still affordable for absolutely every student: 80+ in all subjects - and you are on a budget at a decent university. And this is a matter of working hard at school and preparing for the Unified State Exam with the highest possible scores.
At first glance, there are a lot of competitors: hundreds of thousands annually. But, frankly speaking, they are not such competitors: in fact GPA in the Russian language in the country it is 68-70, in mathematics - 48-50, in social studies - 54-56, while 80+ in mathematics receives only 3%, and in social studies - 4% of total number those taking the test.
Of course, even these minimal percentages of high-scoring students are enough to start a fierce fight for budget places in rating lists, and here additional points for individual achievements come to our aid (final essay, gold medal, GTO badge, etc.)
Some tips on how to increase your chances of being accepted into the budget:
Submit documents to 5 universities in 3 areas. Look at last year's passing scores at these universities in advance to get a rough idea of your chances in advance.- Look at what the university gives extra points for.
- Carefully monitor the situation in the rating lists! Remember: if you couldn’t get into the first wave, you can get into the second! Don't give up prematurely.
- Prepare for the Unified State Exam in a trusted place. Of course, it can be very attractive to “do math with your friend’s daughter” and save a little, but remember the calculations that we made at the very beginning of the article.
- Remember that preparation courses for the Unified State Exam at a university do not give you additional privileges upon admission (no certificates are taken into account, no additional points are awarded!), and the quality of preparation in such courses is a big question mark.
- Take part in the Olympics! This is a real chance to enroll without the Unified State Exam! More details:
- Find out more about budget targeting:
- Submit documents to 5 universities in 3 areas. Look at last year's passing scores at these universities in advance to get a rough idea of your chances in advance.
- Look at what the university gives extra points for.
- Carefully monitor the situation in the rating lists! Remember: if you couldn’t get into the first wave, you can get into the second! Don't give up prematurely.
- Prepare for the Unified State Exam in a trusted place. Of course, it can be very attractive to “do math with your friend’s daughter” and save a little, but remember the calculations that we made at the very beginning of the article.
- Remember that preparation courses for the Unified State Exam at a university do not give you additional privileges upon admission (no certificates are taken into account, no additional points are awarded!), and the quality of preparation in such courses is a big question mark.
- Take part in the Olympics! This is a real chance to enroll without the Unified State Exam! More details: