Rhetoric manuals. Rhetoric: textbooks for universities, a selection of the best textbooks

Homeschooling is a common name for all forms of education school education outside of school: family education, self-education, additional education in school curriculum subjects.

Russian Law “On Education...” full responsibility for the organization and results of home education school programs places the burden on parents and obliges them to return their child to school if he or she does not pass the certification on time.

The Algorithm Home Education Center invites you to share this responsibility with us: organize and ensure successful home education and certification of your child in the school programs you have chosen with the help of our qualified teachers, modern educational resources and technology, many years of experience and professional knowledge.

We will help solve all the problems of school education outside of school: from choosing the optimal form of education and external school from among our partner schools – to preparing for the Unified State Exam.

Reviews

Galina Z., mother of a student

Oksana K., mother of a student

Maria K., mother of a student

Alexandra P., mother of a student

Maria F., mother of a student

Irina K., mother of a student

My son Pavel graduated from school, passed the Unified State Exam, and all this thanks to a very well-organized learning process at the Algorithm school. I would especially like to express my gratitude to the teacher of Russian language and literature, Polina Leonidovna, who spent a whole year helping to comprehend the intricacies of these difficult subjects. Tatyana Evgenievna, whose concerns everything was clearly planned. I also want to say a lot of kind words to the math teacher! How wonderful it is that there is such a wonderful school! THANK YOU!

Olga K, mother of a student

Anastasia L., mother of a student

Anastasia P., mother of a student

How to combine school and creativity Last year at school I dreamed of switching to distance learning, since theater work and violin took up most of my time. And in a regular school I was not satisfied with the attitude of teachers towards students. Distance learning saved me, allowing me to free up time for what I love. In addition, no school in many years has been able to give me what I received in two years of study in the program compiled by the online school. Studying here fully met all my expectations. Thank you!

Nadezhda S.

Plenty of time for specialized studies! I finished grades 10-11 in one year – I really liked distance learning. I got into college with good results the first time! Online learning allowed me to prepare for specialized exams without spending extra time on secondary subjects. True, sometimes it’s difficult to force yourself to study, but then the result is better!

Anna V.

Now I have time for everything After 9th grade I decided to switch to distance learning. After all, I play sports professionally: I train a lot, constantly attend training camps, and have absolutely no time to attend classes at a regular school. My parents and I began to actively look for a school: it turned out that many athletes initially study remotely. Being anywhere in the world, I can study on the Learning Portal and with teachers online, do all my homework remotely, and come to school to take all my work in person several times a year. The form of training, which does not require daily attendance, literally saved me.

Anna Sh.

Studying is important for athletes for their future life I compete for the Russian Youth National Rhythmic Gymnastics Team and spend most of my time on sports camps or competitions. In the spring of 2014, we became the winners of the Youth Olympic Games in group exercises! With such a schedule, it’s almost impossible to go to school, but I understand that studying is very important for my future life. Now I have the opportunity to study remotely with tutors in Russian and mathematics at a time convenient for me and successfully prepare for passing the mandatory state certification.

Daria A.

The opportunity to play your favorite sport and gain the necessary knowledge I have been playing hockey professionally for many years. I have been a player in the Russian Youth Team for several years. This year, together with my team, we won bronze medals at the Youth World Championships! But I don’t want to connect my life only with sports, so studying is also very important for me. In the future I would like to do journalism. Distance learning for me is an opportunity to play my favorite sport at a high level and gain the necessary knowledge.

Nina P.

For health In the 7th and 8th grades I was constantly sick, often missed school, this, of course, raised many questions at school, I don’t even want to talk about large gaps in knowledge. I decided to switch to distance learning in 9th grade - to improve my health, try to fill gaps in knowledge and, of course, prepare for the Unified State Exam. After switching to online learning in all classes, both independent and with online teachers, I quickly received answers to questions without leaving home. difficult questions. I significantly improved my results and successfully passed the OGE :)

Angelica K.

Studying at Algorithm is easier and more interesting than in a regular school In distance learning, I have to do everything on my own, and I have already learned how to do this. But without self-discipline skills nothing will work out. Now I can calculate my own time. I think that regular school students have much more problems with self-discipline. But for me this is already a need. There is nothing superfluous in this form of training; knowledge is absorbed better. Mathematics and physics lessons are especially exciting for me - they are accompanied by excellent video materials.


Rama Z.

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Galina Z., mother of a student

My son Rama studies at Algorithm with primary classes. And we have never regretted our choice. Distance learning frees up time for additional education - and this has become a determining factor for us.

In my opinion, the school has three main advantages: excellent organization educational process, professionalism of teachers, comfortable learning for children with a low stress component.

We are very pleased with both the education system and the high level of professionalism of the teaching staff and school administration. The quality of teaching here, in my opinion, is one of the best in Moscow. Children like teachers; they skillfully motivate them to achieve good results in their studies. The most important quality of teachers, in addition to professional qualifications, I consider their obvious sincerity and friendliness in communicating with children.

Children's learning is monitored here on a daily basis; this is facilitated by a conveniently designed planner. Every six months, children take exams. We learn about children's successes from the markers in the planner, from the curator's reports, and from test scores. The curators know their students, their learning rhythm and are very attentive to all the problems and tasks of the children. We see our son's success and are very pleased with his studies at the Algorithm school.

We would like to especially note the Russian language teacher Elena Petrovna. Her professionalism and pedagogical skill had an extremely beneficial effect on our child. Elena Petrovna managed to motivate Rama’s desire to study Russian language and literature. Being ourselves professional teachers, we evaluate Elena Petrovna’s work as worthy of an example to follow. Every lesson she taught was carefully prepared. All the individual characteristics of the child were taken into account, homework was always selected taking into account the capabilities and specifics of thinking.

Before Elena Petrovna, Rama had an aversion to the subjects “Russian language” and “literature”. Now the child reads a lot and enjoys it, and he has developed an interest in writing essays. Rama strives to attend online classes taught by Elena Petrovna and enjoys communicating about the subjects she teaches. We express our sincere gratitude to Elena Petrovna for her love and care for our child.

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Oksana K., mother of a student

Main advantage distance learning in "Algorithm" compared to traditional school- This is an opportunity to independently plan and manage time. Alternative education should be chosen by those parents who are ready to seriously invest in their children’s education and their future. At the same time, the children themselves must understand that this form of education will require a lot of independent work, they must set themselves a clear goal related to the choice of the profession they dream of acquiring.

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Maria K., mother of a student

Dear teachers and school management! I would like to thank everyone from the bottom of my heart for the great work you do to ensure that children have access to modern, effective and interesting educational tools. Children are different, they all have their own characteristics, their own strengths, whom the current education system does not always allow to open up. And your method helps to focus on knowledge that is truly important for every child. Thank you from me and my son! If today I was old enough to go to your school, I would go without hesitation! For anyone who wants education to become not a boring and unpleasant obligation imposed, but an interesting and valuable activity for which one should instill a love for life, I recommend sending your child to your school.

I am sure that this is the only way to study today - saving time, energy and working at your own rhythm. Before joining Algorithm, we changed several schools, we even had experience in education abroad, but it was in your school that we found what we were looking for - high level teaching, comfortable format and strong programs in the required disciplines. Children are interested in studying here, and your teachers are truly authoritative teachers for children.

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Alexandra P., mother of a student

We chose the Algorithm school 2 years ago, respectively, we completed 9th and 10th grades, this year we will graduate from 11th grade and take the Unified State Exam. My daughter plays sports professionally, and our priority is training, so distance form training attracted us. But knowing how difficult it is for a child to organize himself, I chose part-time training.

In the ninth grade, 6 subjects were taught face-to-face, in the 10th grade - 4, those that we take for the Unified State Exam. For two recent years We chose the 10+ form, that is, in a year we completed the program for grades 10 and 11, and this year we will prepare only for those subjects that are needed for admission.

I really like that they are taught not only by school teachers who are Unified State Exam experts, which means they can prepare students well for the Unified State Exam, but also by university teachers who can prepare a child for additional entrance examinations university You can always choose convenient groups for classes or switch to a group with a teacher you like. To be honest, I was afraid that studying would be just a formality, but it is not so. There are also homework assignments, tests, and quizzes for each subject. Due to the small number of students in groups, everyone is under the close attention of the teacher. At the same time, classes are not every day; homework is given for a week. That is, it becomes possible to plan your time yourself.

The administration resolves all issues promptly, both remotely and in personal meetings. Always ready to help, offering different options for solving emerging issues. Total: the ability to plan your time, a clearly defined scope of tasks, a new level of independence and responsibility for the child, since the format is more reminiscent of a university, there are no nannies, but they will help if there is a desire.

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Maria F., mother of a student

“Algorithm” fully met our expectations, and we would like to continue learning from you next year. We express our gratitude to the administration for their excellent work. We are very pleased that we spent a whole year together with such wonderful teachers as Elena Petrovna, Tatyana Viktorovna, Sergei Pavlovich.

I want to express my gratitude to your team! We lived academic year in a calm environment and were able to achieve their goal. Communication with you has always been constructive. All emerging issues were resolved promptly. We were also pleased with the results of this training. We will recommend you to friends and acquaintances. Good luck, patience and further success in your activities!

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Anastasia L., mother of a student

I thank you and the entire RBS Algorithm team for the fruitful cooperation. You helped us a lot. Thanks to your technologies, Seryozha was able to catch up with the entire program primary school and now it will be much easier for him to continue his studies in high school. I wish prosperity and success to your project!

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Anastasia P., mother of a student

I am the mother of Polina, a 1st grade student. We like it here! We will continue to learn from you next year(in 2nd grade) on the same form of education. Thanks to the approach, methods and teachers of your school, I am growing a healthy, inquisitive child who enjoys learning.

Polina is assigned to a local school by registration, and what she learned in the first grade is taught in our school in the second. So we are following an accelerated program and will take exams three times: 1) when moving from primary to high school 2) then to the senior 3) final exams.

Polina’s main success is this: Polina herself decided to learn English, chose the courses herself, passed the test herself and signed up for classes, leaving her phone number. They called me from the English school and said: “Are you Polina’s mother? She was tested with us and left your phone number." I didn't know anything about it. I liked the act, free and fearless (I know other opinions on this matter, but in her place I would have done the same).

What is family education

Family education is the education of a child according to general school programs, organized by parents. Upon completion of basic school or upon reaching 18 years of age, you can master the 10-11 grade program independently - in the form of self-education. In Moscow schools, since 2013, it is also possible to study part-time and part-time, reducing the number of full-time classes at school. Regardless of the form of education, all students have the right to free intermediate certification at school (external studies), the right to use the school library and other general rights of schoolchildren.

Home learning at the Algorithm center

Depending on the choice of form of education and relationship with the school and the Algorithm programs you have chosen, you can study with us completely, online (in an online school), face-to-face - in one of our training centers located in the center of Moscow, or a combination of face-to-face classes in these training centers with online classes on our educational portal. All classes are held individually or in groups of up to 12 people.

Our programs are online and offline.

We offer:

• training according to school programs from 1st to 11th grade
• preparation in all subjects for the Unified State Exam and Unified State Exam
• additional and in-depth course training in individual subjects,
• with final certification for GSCE and A-level programs at our examination center in Moscow (international external study)
• parallel training in Russian and international British and American school programs (for example, preparation for the OGE and GSCE)

All programs are accompanied by a personal curator.

About certification

All “homeschoolers” undergo mandatory regular intermediate external certification in the Center’s partner schools - in all subjects included in the required component curriculum. “Algorithm” provides constant consulting, organizational and legal support in all relations with the external school, on all issues of training and certification. We take British international GSCE and A-level exams in Moscow, at our international external exam center “Algorithm”, accredited by Pearson Edexcel International.

How to switch to family education

According to the Law “On Education...” you only need to “notify the local government body municipal district or urban district." However, of course, serious preparation for this important step - organizing a “parent school” - requires careful planning and consultations in a family education center - for example, in our “Algorithm”.

• Psychology

Preface to the first edition (1962) There is a funny joke going around in the musical community; Playing the piano is not difficult at all: just press the right finger at the right time on the right key. This joke applies to rhetoric as well; It’s not at all difficult to make a speech: say only the right words at the right time to the right address. But it's easier said than done. You don't become a pianist or speaker in one day. The pianist endlessly trains his fingers until he can play the keyboard fluently; Only long-term and persistent training in speech and thinking will allow you to master the art of oratory. You may have heard about someone you know: he knows, but is bad at expressing his thoughts. Many people are sincerely convinced that they cannot make speeches. “This is not given to me. This is a gift that I am deprived of." And at the same time they will make a small speech about how they cannot make speeches. What a paradox! Anyone who can speak can master the art of speaking: it is important to know the basic rules and, of course, to practice. Every question, every sentence and every conversation is a speech in miniature. Why can't you say more? long speech, and also in the presence of listeners? The proposed textbook is intended as a systematic introduction to modern rhetoric. Its purpose is to help develop speaking skills and conduct discussion; briefly, coherently and in an accessible form to reveal the “iron” rules that have proven their effectiveness in public speaking practice. We are talking about instruction not in literary reading, but in speech practice, no matter in what area of ​​life. This book is mainly the result of experience and reflection from pedagogical as well as political and Everyday life . I also interviewed all sorts of small, medium and large "minds" and was surprised that they all knew what to say on a topic like rhetoric. The task of a student of public speaking is not to skim through this book and grab a few funny examples, but to practice speech exercises every day (!) for several minutes. Anyone who is not ready to carefully and slowly work through the most important provisions proposed in the textbook should not even begin. For beginners eager to learn, I recommend taking this difficult food in homeopathic doses so as not to suffer from spiritual “indigestion.” It is best to do the exercises with friends. Then each controls the other and, in addition, represents the public. Something will always work out if you add persistence and patience. I appreciate your criticisms and additions. However, let's think about the following: the ability to speak does not imply talking incessantly. Today, thanks to newspapers and radio, as well as the epidemic of various events in the modern industry of all kinds of contacts, we are experiencing the inflation of the word. Words must be handled carefully and with a sense of responsibility. A good speaker says less, but says better. The Word is neither good nor evil; it can help, but it can harm or destroy. “The word must be a bridge. But it can also be a wall,” said Albrecht Gees. When working on this book, I observed three principles that ancient experts on rhetoric paid attention to: “docere, delectare, movere” - to teach, to please, to motivate. Not everyone who works through this book will become a good speaker, but I hope to be stronger in rhetoric than before. Lilienthal-Trupe near Bremen May 1962 Heinz Lemmermann Preface to the revised edition (1986) This textbook is written for schoolchildren, for independent learners and simply for interested persons, that is, for representatives of various professions and occupations who want to master rhetoric. The proposed textbook is not a scientific treatise, not a book of recipes for all cases of rhetoric, but a kind of useful reference book that provides “insurance” in practical rhetoric. This book has been well received by readers for about 24 years and has gone through many editions. I am glad that some of her ideas and new concepts have entered the specialized literature. The structure of the book has been largely preserved. Changes and additions have been made to the content as dictated by time. At the same time, the results of experience, scientific findings and reflections of recent years are taken into account. Today, an important aspect of any activity is discussions, debates and negotiations. This range of topics is covered in my book “School of Debates. Articles on dialogical rhetoric". The book was published in 1986 by the Oltsog publishing house, conceived as a supplement to the present one, as a “Textbook, part 2.” What applies to speech is also true for writing: not a single book is so good that it cannot be improved. Therefore, I hope to continue to receive constructive criticism. With all my heart I thank my wife Ruth, who typed the text and reviewed it critically. Lilienthal-Trupe near Bremen May 1986 Heinz Lemmermann

But it is also the key to achieving success in life. After all, a person who has the skills of public speaking already a priori has a much greater chance of becoming an outstanding personality, a famous figure, an influential person, a celebrity, etc. And if this does not interest you, then, in any case, the ability to express yourself eloquently and convincingly will always serve you well and will be useful in any life situation.

Of course, on the topic of oratory today there is a very large number of all kinds of materials, such as video and audio lessons, lectures and courses, Internet portals (for example, a website), etc., and rhetoric in general is one of compulsory subjects V educational programs some educational institutions. But, be that as it may, the most common way to obtain any information is through books, even in electronic form. And the article we present to your attention is dedicated specifically to books on the subject we study in this course. Below we will look at some of the most interesting, most popular and effective books on public speaking that will undoubtedly appeal to anyone interested in developing their public speaking skills.

This book on rhetoric was written by a German professor at the University of Bremen, H. Lemmermann, almost in the middle of the last century. The book is intended as a systematic introduction to modern rhetoric for the unenlightened reader without special philological and linguistic education. Heinz Lemmermann is trying to popularly reveal the key concepts and principles of rhetoric that are necessary for each of us. The textbook is suitable for both adults and schoolchildren, and in it everyone can master the course of rhetoric proposed by the author and learn to speak clearly and convincingly in public.

As we can see, quite a large number of books today are devoted to the topic of oratory, rhetoric and other related issues, each of which is interesting and unique in its own way, and each of which provides useful information necessary for study. This speaks to the importance of having a good theoretical basis and knowledge. And this is really important. But, along with this, we must not forget that, in addition to theory, there is also practice, which also plays a vital role.

Therefore, study books on public speaking and absorb new knowledge, but remember that all this knowledge must certainly be confirmed experimentally. So, use everything you learn in your daily life.

We wish you success in mastering public speaking skills!

Rhetoric is the philological science of the art of speech. Many people think that public speaking is only associated with the speeches of influential personalities, politicians, etc. But this is not so. General training and etiquette training, speech communication through theoretical lessons and exercises will be useful for anyone.

Additionally, you should develop etiquette and eloquence if you often speak in front of groups of people for work or study. The speaker's speech implies a monologue aimed at instilling information in the listener. The more accurately the process of influencing the audience is worked out, the more better person complies with the standards of oratory and optimizes communication with the public.

By studying eloquence, we learn speech norms, the secrets of persuading people, and the correct organization of information.

Let's look at the skills a speaker should have:

• Well-readness is an irreplaceable quality of a speaker who has competent speech and clearly expresses his thoughts.
• Clear pronunciation of words, mastery of diction when communicating with the audience.
• The speaker must have a loud, correctly delivered voice.
• Know how to cope with anxiety. The speaker knows how to control the fear of public speaking.
• Speech improvisation. The speaker knows how to answer tricky questions, where to emphasize in speech for better perception of information, etc.

How and where is rhetoric taught?

You can learn the components of public speaking on your own. To do this, it is important to regularly practice the acquired knowledge and critically evaluate yourself and others when it comes to public speaking. You can start teaching speech culture as follows:

• Sign up for special public speaking courses. A rhetoric school is suitable for organizing children's education and developing their verbal communication.
• Find video lectures on the Internet or online lessons rhetoric. This way you will spend the least amount of money, both material and time, on training.
• With the help of special literature.

The basics of eloquence are often taught in universities in philological specialties, so if you have the opportunity and you intend to take a course on this subject, be sure to do so.

Rhetoric: A Study Guide for Self-Study

Self-study involves the acquisition of specialized literature. Since public speaking consists of many aspects, consider the fact that when choosing a book, one rhetoric textbook may contain the language of business communication, etiquette, while another will train practical skills. We offer you a list of successful aids for learning public speaking at home:

“General rhetoric”, Koshansky N.F. 1829

“General Rhetoric” is one of the very first works on this science, written by professor of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum N.F. Koshansky. In his book, he develops the subject of general and particular rhetoric, a system of rules for the formation of speech, and describes various stylistic compositional forms. Private rhetoric includes types of literature and their interaction. General rhetoric - the basic rules of literature. Koshansky divided the book into three sections:

• Invention is a section where Koshansky explains how to understand an object that contains a source of information and thoughts. To convey this to the reader, he talks about “sources of invention,” which describe the thought process of the brain.
• Arrangement is the part of the book that teaches how to correctly form the structure of a speaker’s essay or speech. The main idea of ​​this section is learning to express your thoughts briefly and naturally.
• Expression of thoughts - a section aimed at developing skills related to the correct presentation of ideas on paper and out loud.

Koshansky used simple language, with minimal water content, in order to create communication with the reader “on an equal footing.”

“Theory of rhetoric”, Rozhdestvensky Yu.V. 1997

In his book, the author encourages the reader to comprehend modern problems rhetoric, touches on aspects of the development of means of information transmission, focuses on the theory of the language of business communication. Etiquette and culture of behavior of a business person is the fundamental theory of the book. Rozhdestvensky explores communication through oral and writing, electronic communications, presents the material in an expanded form. The reader gets acquainted with the tradition of Russian and European rhetoric, their features and differences. The author pays close attention to the theory of development of Russian language learning.

Kokhtev N.N. “Rhetoric” – 1994

An informative textbook that describes the techniques of successful public speaking and the use of other components of oratory in practice. A succinctly described history of rhetoric, based on the statements and experiences of public figures, will help the reader to penetrate deeper into speech culture, and special exercises will consolidate the skills acquired in the theoretical part.

“Pedagogical rhetoric in questions and answers”, Ippolitova N.A. 2011

Pedagogical rhetoric is oratory and the culture of speech used in pedagogy. It includes features pedagogical communication, communication connections. Ippolitova in this textbook talks about practical application speech culture, focuses on the basic concepts of professional pedagogical rhetoric, highlights the specifics of professional eloquence.

“Rhetoric”, Kuznetsov I.N. 2013

In his book, Kuznetsov dwells in detail on the problems of oratory and eloquence. Intensive sections on preparation for public speaking, on conducting polemics. The textbook incorporates the traditions of the Western school of rhetoric and modern aspects of the development of oratory. The manual contains general practical advice for resolving speech problems. Suitable for students, university teachers and self-study oratory.

Rhetoric Guides for Students

If you are a student educational institution Regardless of your specialty, if you want to learn etiquette and the basics of speech culture, we offer you a list of special educational literature for students:

“Rhetoric and culture of speech”, Pavlova L.G., Vvedenskaya L.A. 2012

A textbook on the study of oratory and the fundamentals of polemics for university students and schoolchildren. To the greatest extent, Pavlova and Vedenskaya focus on the culture of speech, preparing a speaker for public speaking, and the ability to maintain a dialogue. The manual can be used during training in advanced training courses. Designed for those who want to independently understand the intricacies of public speaking and be a convincing and confident speaker.

"Rhetoric. Speech training with exercises”, Lemmerman Heinz 1986

A textbook by a professor at the University of Bremen, which was published twice in Germany. In addition to theoretical skills, this book also comprehensively presents the practical side of public speaking. A special feature of the manual is the presentation of difficult-to-understand material. in simple language without excess water. After reading, you will learn how to debate correctly, master the basic rules and features of public speaking. Heinz Lemmermann aimed his course at students seeking to improve their speaking skills.

“Practical rhetoric”, Sternin I.A. 2008

In his book, Sternin collected explanations of the rules, concepts, techniques of rhetoric, and practical exercises for practicing the learned material. The main focus of this textbook is on public speaking, from the aspect of what position to stand in to a step-by-step analysis of the structure of the speech, and a detailed elaboration of each part. The textbook is suitable for university and college students, as well as professionals who want to brush up on their knowledge of public speaking skills.

"The Art of Rhetoric. A manual on eloquence”, Golub I.B. 2005

This book is intended for those who want to improve their level of cultural speech. In an accessible language, Irina Golub tells the reader about the intricacies of eloquence, gives advice on developing accurate and expressive speech, prevents the occurrence of common logical and stylistic errors. The manual is designed for high school students and students of humanities.

“Rhetoric: Theory and practice of speech communication”, Zaretskaya E.N. 2002

Doctor of Philological Sciences Zaretskaya E.N. developed this textbook for teaching the author’s course at Moscow State University. It examines the process of speech communication, the importance of oratory as the basis human communication.

Zaretskaya’s communication diagram is an important component of the textbook. Its use determines the successful construction of communication channels in an organization, as a result of which the scheme has become widespread in corporate etiquette. It includes the following basic elements: message, sender, addressee. Besides philological specialties, the textbook is also intended for lawyers and teachers.

“Language and business communication: norms, rhetoric, etiquette”, Koltunova M.V. 2000

The first systematic manual on rhetoric. Koltunova emphasized the use of the culture of oratory, as well as the “business communication” section of rhetoric. The training is based on a number of questions: how to write business letters how to write resumes, reports, orders; how to behave in negotiations and other public meetings. The book contains many life examples and exercises for self-control for each theoretical block. The target audience of the manual is management students.

When choosing a book, pay attention to the language of writing, and if it contains a lot of incomprehensible scientific definitions, then do not waste your time and look for another manual. By putting effort into the process of studying the material, after some time you will improve your verbal communication and public speaking skills.