How do you determine if a child is ready for school? How to determine if a child is ready for school. Psychologist's advice How is the readiness of a preschooler for school determined

There comes a time when any parent asks himself the question: “When should I send my child to school?” Undoubtedly, there are generally accepted standards, but each of us is individual. Children are all different, someone is able to easily assimilate school material at the age of 6 and study well, while someone will not be able to simply master the proposed program. Then how to determine the readiness of the child for school? This will be discussed in the article.

To answer this question, three aspects must be taken into account at once. They are in close relationship with each other.

Aspect #1

First of all, the physical is considered. It is established as a result of passing a special medical commission. All results must be recorded in the child's card. In case on this moment he has some kind of disease, then admission to educational institution may be delayed

Aspect #2

Readiness of the child for school from an intellectual point of view. He should have developed attention, memory, perception and other important processes brain activity. If this condition is not met, the child will be in a difficult situation, because the requirements for him will be based on the assumption that all students have an equal level of development. Various methods are used to evaluate this parameter. psychological techniques. They show how the child has developed speech, thinking, coordination, attention, upper limbs, and so on. Elementary can be offered at the time math problems. Tests are also possible that characterize his knowledge of the world around him and his willingness to act according to a certain algorithm.

To determine the level of intellectual maturity, the successfully completed tasks are counted. If this indicator is more than 80%, then this is an excellent result, the average degree is in the range from 55 to 80%, lower numbers are a low score.

Note that by the age of six to seven years, the child needs to know the following points:

Address of residence, hometown;

The name of your country and its capital;

Full name of parents, information about their place of work;

The sequence of the seasons, features;

Months and all days of the week;

Differences between domestic animals and wild ones;

He must navigate in his environment, space.

Aspect #3

The readiness of the child to study at school is also determined by personal motivation. He should have an interest in gaining knowledge, mastering new skills and abilities. This parameter is clarified during the conversation. Here it is determined how much the child strives to communicate with peers, the level of his independence, initiative and other features. The readiness of the child for school largely depends on the parents. Their role is to explain to their child why people go to study, what they get from it. The child should receive exclusively positive information about an object unknown to him - the school. It should be remembered that everything said by adults, he perceives literally.

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According to child psychologists, a child's readiness for school is by no means determined by the amount of his knowledge or availability. One of the key proofs of a child's psychological readiness for school is his ability to follow certain instructions. If you ask the baby to do something, but he does not hear the request, or hears only part of it, then he cannot perceive the instruction yet. If he understood what you want from him, but is not going to complete the task, this is also evidence that it will be difficult for the child to learn.

The second indicator of school readiness is the ability to plan your work. The completion of any task has several stages. This includes thinking about upcoming activities, and finding a solution to a particular problem, and overcoming difficulties in achieving a result. If a child has difficulties with self-organization, then at school, especially at first, it will be difficult for him.

The third evidence of readiness for school is the ability to admit a mistake and correct it yourself. Finally, the fourth proof is the ability to concentrate. If the baby cannot focus his attention even for a few minutes, it is probably too early for him to go to first grade.

In addition, the student must feel the team, act together for his benefit. Without these skills, a first grader will have a hard time. However, these skills in children are formed quite quickly.

What should a child know and be able to do in 1st grade?

Should your child be able to read and write before school? Experts say it's not necessary. Moreover, in some cases, self-teaching a child to read and write at an early age can even harm him. So, what should a future first grader definitely know and be able to do?

Know your first and last name, address, names of family members;
know the seasons, the names of the months, days of the week, distinguish colors;
count to ten;
increase or decrease a group of objects by a given amount (solving problems with groups of objects), equalize a lot of objects;
be able to compare groups of objects: “greater than, less than or equal to”;
to combine objects into groups according to the principle of kinship;
find an extra one in a group of objects;
express your opinion by constructing a complete sentence;
have an idea about the world around: about professions, objects of animate and inanimate nature, rules of conduct in public places;
have spatial representations: right, left, up, down, under, over, because of, from under something;
easy to communicate with other children;
obey the orders of the elders.

Are school entrance tests and interviews legal?

In accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 5 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education", testing and competitions in educational institutions are not allowed. Moreover, in the Constitution of the Russian Federation this level of education is defined as universal and free, that is, without any special selection of students. Nevertheless, in a number of regions, interviews of first-graders are practiced. This is especially true for institutions with in-depth study of individual subjects, gymnasiums and lyceums. Such educational institutions breaking the law!

All children who have reached school age, are enrolled in the first class, regardless of their level of training. An interview between a teacher and a child can be held in September only for the purpose of planning individual educational work with each student.

How to help your child adjust to school

I gave the child away according to German laws at 5, well, almost 6 years old. The first year I was so raked with homework ... There was everything: fatigue, and tears, and snot, and just unwillingness and misunderstanding that this was necessary. That now I will do everything so that the youngest does not go to school at the age of 5.

Parents should help the baby psychologically understand and accept all the changes that will occur in his life. In no case should you scare the future first-grader with school. It is necessary to explain to the child in advance that he will have a different regimen. It is recommended to show him the school building in advance, go on an excursion together, let the baby walk along the corridors, see what the classes look like.

The child needs to be told about the positive aspects. It is advisable to get acquainted in advance with the class teacher and future classmates. The child needs psychological support, because he is probably worried in anticipation of changes in his life. Who, if not parents, can give him this support.

The kid should carefully study the road from home to school. Even if it is not yet planned to send him to classes alone, this will give the child confidence. Never compare the child with other children. On the contrary, emphasize his strengths, cultivate self-respect.

Tactfully offer help if something is not working out for the baby, but do not do all the work for him. Prompt, direct to the correct solution, but do not give a ready answer.

Develop independence in your child. Let him plan the order of homework, prepare clothes for the next day, collect textbooks and notebooks for classes.

Show as much interest as possible in how your child's day at school goes.

In the life of any child, sooner or later there comes a moment when it is time to go to school. The future first grader does not yet know what awaits him. Carelessness, carelessness and immersion in the game will be replaced by many restrictions, duties and requirements. Now I have to go to class every day, do homework.

How can you determine whether the baby is ready for a new life stage? There are special criteria for school readiness: intellectual, motivational, psychological, social, physical.

Parents are wrong when they think that their baby is ready for school because he can read and write. The child, despite this, can be difficult to give school program. The reason is the lack of intellectual preparation for entering an educational institution. Intellectual readiness for school is determined by thinking, memory, attention.

Thinking

Before starting school, the child should be given knowledge about the world around him: about other people and about the relationship between them, about nature. The child must:

• know some information about yourself (name, surname, place of residence);
• making a difference geometric figures(circle, rectangle, triangle, square);
• know colors;
• understand the meanings following words: "less", "more", "low", "high", "narrow", "wide", "right", "left", "between", "about", "above", "under";
• be able to compare various objects and find differences in them, generalize, analyze, determine the signs of phenomena and objects.

Memory

It is much easier for a student to learn if he has a well-developed memory. To determine the readiness of the child for school, you can read a short text to him and ask him to retell it in a couple of weeks. You can also prepare 10 different objects and pictures and show them to your child. Then he will have to name those that he remembered.

Attention

The effectiveness of schooling will directly depend on whether the child is able to listen carefully to the teacher, not to be distracted by other students. The attention and readiness of preschoolers for school can be checked by a simple task - read aloud a few pairs of words and ask them to determine in each of them the word that is the longest. If the baby asks again, it means that his attention is poorly developed, and he was distracted by something during the exercise.

Motivational readiness for school

Parents, preparing a child for a new period of life, should form his motivation for learning, because it is the key to future success. Motivational readiness for school is formed if the child:

• wants to attend classes;
• seeks to learn new and interesting information;
• wants to acquire new knowledge.

Psychological readiness for school

In an educational institution, the child will have strict requirements that differ from the requirements that he was introduced to at home and in kindergarten, and all of them will have to be met.

Psychological readiness for school is determined by the following aspects:

• the presence of such qualities as independence and organization;
• the ability to manage one's own behavior;
• readiness for new forms of cooperation with adults.

Social readiness for school

A child ready for school should have a desire to communicate with peers. He must be able to establish relationships both with other children and with adults. It is worth noting that the relationship of the child with others is a mirror of those relationships that prevail at home in the family. It is from his parents that the baby takes an example.

To assess social readiness for school, it is recommended to check:

• is it easy for the child to join the company of children playing;
• whether he knows how to listen to someone else's opinion without interrupting;
• whether he observes the queue in situations where it is necessary;
• whether he knows how to participate in a conversation with several people, whether he can keep up the conversation.

Physical readiness for school

Healthy children adapt much faster to the changes in their lives that are associated with the start of schooling. Exactly physical development and determines the physical readiness for school.

To assess development and determine whether a child is ready for a new life stage, you can do the following:

• check his hearing;
• check your vision;
• evaluate the child's ability to sit quietly for a while;
• check if he has developed coordination of motor skills (can he play with a ball, jump, go up and down stairs);
• estimate appearance child (does he look rested, vigorous, healthy).

Testing a future first grader

Before entering an educational institution, children undergo special testing. It is not aimed at accepting only strong students and refusing weak ones. The legislation states that the school does not have the right to refuse parents to accept a child in the first grade, even if he cannot pass the interview.

Tests are necessary for teachers to determine the weak and strengths the child, the level of his intellectual, psychological, social and personal readiness for classes.

To determine the intellectual readiness for learning at school, the following tasks can be given:

• count from 1 to 10;
• perform simple arithmetic operations in the problem;
• change nouns by number, gender;
• come up with a story for the picture;
• lay out figures from matches;
• arrange the pictures in order;
• read the text;
• classify geometric shapes;
• draw something.

To assess psychological readiness, the teacher proposes to pass a test to assess the level of development of fine motor skills of the hand, to identify the ability to work for some time without being distracted, the ability to imitate a specific model.

On testing, the following tasks may be given to determine the readiness of the child for school:

• draw a person
• draw letters or a group of dots.

Also in this block, the child can be asked questions, the answers to which can determine how he is oriented in reality.

When assessing social readiness, the teacher suggests drawing a picture based on the reflection in the mirror, solving situational problems, coloring the figures according to certain instructions, drawing the child's attention to the fact that other children will continue the drawing.

Personal readiness is determined by the teacher in the course of a conversation with the child. Diagnosis of a child's readiness for school is carried out thanks to the questions that are asked to the crumbs about the school, about how they would act in certain situations, with whom they would like to be at the same desk, with whom they would like to be friends. In addition, the teacher will ask the child to express his opinion about himself, talk about his qualities or choose them from the proposed list.

The second time in the first class, or the readiness of parents

Not only children, but also their parents should be ready for school. It is important to understand that getting your child into first grade is a rather costly process. Mom and dad should be prepared for big expenses. The child will need stationery, clothes, shoes, a briefcase. The school may need to provide material support. Monthly expenses will include the cost of meals, security services.

Plays an important role psychological readiness parents to school. Many mothers and fathers often worry about their child when there is no reason for it. You need to understand that the baby has already matured and wised up, moved into a new stage of his life. life path. He no longer needs to be treated like a child. Let him get used to independent living. If the child encounters failure or finds himself in some unpleasant situation, then you should immediately come to his aid.

What if the child does not meet the eligibility criteria?

Many parents are currently faced with the problem of school readiness when a child is found to have shortcomings and is told that it is too early for him to learn. Inattention, absent-mindedness, lack of perseverance are manifested in almost every 6-7-year-old child.

Parents should not panic in such a situation. If the baby is only 6 or 7 years old, then it is not necessary to send him to school at this time. Many children start school only after they are 8 years old. By this time, all the problems that were noticed earlier may disappear.

Do not forget about classes. It is desirable for parents to teach their son or daughter to read and write before school. If a child, according to indicators of school readiness, has been found to have some problems with memory or thinking, then there are a huge number of different tasks and exercises that can develop this. If the baby has any deviations, then you can contact a specialist, for example, a psychologist or a speech therapist.

School readiness is assessed on present stage development of psychology as complex characteristic the child, which reveals the levels of development of psychological qualities, which are the most important prerequisites for normal inclusion in a new social environment and for the formation of educational activities.

Physiological readiness of the child for school.

This aspect means that the child must be physically ready for school. That is, the state of his health should allow him to successfully pass educational program. Physiological readiness implies the development of fine motor skills (fingers), coordination of movement. The child must know in which hand and how to hold the pen. And also, when a child enters the first grade, he must know, observe and understand the importance of observing the basic hygiene standards: correct posture at the table, posture, etc.

Psychological readiness of the child for school.

The psychological aspect includes three components: intellectual readiness, personal and social, emotional-volitional.

1. Intellectual readiness for school means:

By the first grade, the child should have a stock of certain knowledge (we will discuss them below);

He is supposed to navigate in space, that is, to know how to get to school and back, to the store, and so on;

The child should strive to acquire new knowledge, that is, he should be inquisitive;

The development of memory, speech, thinking should be age-appropriate.

2. Personal and social readiness implies the following:

The child must be sociable, that is, be able to communicate with peers and adults; aggression should not be shown in communication, and when quarreling with another child, he should be able to evaluate and look for a way out of problem situation; the child must understand and recognize the authority of adults;

Tolerance; this means that the child must adequately respond to constructive comments from adults and peers;

Moral development, the child must understand what is good and what is bad;

The child must accept the task set by the teacher, listening carefully, clarifying unclear points, and after completing it, he must adequately evaluate his work, admit his mistakes, if any.

3. The emotional-volitional readiness of the child for school involves:

Understanding by the child why he goes to school, the importance of learning;

Interest in learning and acquiring new knowledge;

The ability of the child to perform a task that he does not quite like, but this is required by the curriculum;

Perseverance is the ability to listen carefully to an adult for a certain time and complete tasks without being distracted by extraneous objects and affairs.

Cognitive readiness of the child for school.

This aspect means that the future first grader must have a certain set of knowledge and skills that will be needed for successful schooling. So, what should a child of six or seven years old know and be able to do?

1) Attention.

Do something without distraction for twenty to thirty minutes.

Find similarities and differences between objects, pictures.

To be able to perform work according to a model, for example, accurately reproduce a pattern on your sheet of paper, copy human movements, and so on.

It is easy to play mindfulness games where quick reaction is required. For example, name a living creature, but discuss the rules before the game: if a child hears a pet, then he should clap his hands, if it is wild, tap his feet, if a bird, wave his arms.

2) Mathematics.

Numbers from 0 to 10.

Count up from 1 to 10 and count down from 10 to 1.

Arithmetic signs: "", "-", "=".

Dividing a circle, a square in half, four parts.

Orientation in space and on a sheet of paper: “to the right, to the left, above, below, above, below, behind, etc.

3) Memory.

Memorization of 10-12 pictures.

Telling rhymes, tongue twisters, proverbs, fairy tales, etc. from memory.

Retelling of the text from 4-5 sentences.

4) Thinking.

Finish the sentence, for example, “The river is wide, but the stream ...”, “The soup is hot, but the compote ...”, etc.

Find an extra word from a group of words, for example, “table, chair, bed, boots, armchair”, “fox, bear, wolf, dog, hare”, etc.

Determine the sequence of events, so that first, and what - then.

Find inconsistencies in drawings, verses-fictions.

Putting together puzzles without the help of an adult.

Fold out of paper together with an adult, a simple object: a boat, a boat.

5) Fine motor skills.

It is correct to hold a pen, pencil, brush in your hand and adjust the force of their pressure when writing and drawing.

Color objects and hatch them without going beyond the outline.

Cut with scissors along the line drawn on the paper.

Run applications.

6) Speech.

Make sentences from several words, for example, cat, yard, go, sunbeam, play.

Understand and explain the meaning of proverbs.

Compose a coherent story based on a picture and a series of pictures.

Expressively recite poems with the correct intonation.

Distinguish letters and sounds in words.

7) The world around.

Know the basic colors, domestic and wild animals, birds, trees, mushrooms, flowers, vegetables, fruits and so on.

Name the seasons, natural phenomena, migratory and wintering birds, months, days of the week, your last name, first name and patronymic, the names of your parents and their place of work, your city, address, what professions are.

Consultation for parents of the preparatory group.

First grade, or how to prepare a child for school.

Spring is a time of special troubles for the families of future first-graders. Soon to school.

Preparing for school is a multifaceted process. And it should be noted that you should start working with children not only immediately before entering school, but far before that, from the youngest age. preschool age. And not only in special classes, but also in the independent activities of the children - in games, in work, in communication with adults and peers.

In kindergartens, children receive counting, reading skills, thinking, memory, attention, perseverance, curiosity, fine motor skills and other important qualities develop. Children receive concepts of morality, love for work is instilled. Children who do not go to Kindergarten, and do not receive appropriate preparation for school, they can enroll in the "Why" circle at the Center for Children's Creativity.

Readiness for school is divided into physiological, psychological and cognitive. All types of readiness should be harmoniously combined in the child. If something is not developed or not fully developed, then it can serve as problems in schooling, communicating with peers, acquiring new knowledge, and so on.

We train the child's hand.

It is very important to develop the fine motor skills of the child, that is, his hands and fingers. This is necessary so that the child in the first grade does not have problems with writing. Many parents make a big mistake by forbidding their child to pick up scissors. Yes, you can get hurt with scissors, but if you talk to your child about how to properly handle scissors, what can and cannot be done, then the scissors will not pose a danger. Make sure that the child does not cut randomly, but along the intended line. To do this, you can draw geometric shapes and ask the child to carefully cut them out, after which you can make an appliqué out of them. This task is very popular with children, and its benefits are very high. Modeling is very useful for the development of fine motor skills, and children really like to sculpt various koloboks, animals and other figures. Teach finger warm-ups with your child - in stores you can easily buy a book with finger warm-ups that are exciting and interesting for the baby. In addition, you can train the hand of a preschooler by drawing, hatching, tying shoelaces, stringing beads.

An important task for parents is to teach the child to bring the work begun to the end, whether it be work or drawing, it does not matter. This requires certain conditions: nothing should distract him. Much depends on how the children have prepared their workplace. For example, if a child sat down to draw, but did not prepare everything necessary in advance, then he will be constantly distracted: he needs to sharpen pencils, pick up the appropriate sheet, etc. As a result, the child loses interest in the idea, wastes time, and even leaves the case unfinished.

The attitude of adults to the affairs of children is of great importance. If a child sees an attentive, benevolent, but at the same time demanding attitude towards the results of his activity, then he himself treats it with responsibility.

From the moment your child crosses the threshold of school for the first time, a new stage of his life will begin. Try to start this stage with joy, and so that it continues throughout his schooling. The child should always feel your support, your strong shoulder, which you can lean on in difficult situations. Become a child's friend, adviser, wise mentor, and then your first grader in the future will turn into such a person, into such a person that you can be proud of.