Briefly about Tyutchev’s work. Tyutchev - message report briefly

The work of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev is strong in its philosophical component. It had a beneficial effect on the development of Russian poetry. Tyutchev's works belong to the best creations of the Russian spirit. Everything written by the poet Tyutchev bears the stamp of true and beautiful talent, original, graceful, full of thought and genuine feeling.

The beginning of poetic activity
A collection consisting of three hundred poems, a third of which are translated, a number of letters, and several articles - this is Tyutchev’s creative baggage. Centuries pass, but the author’s works remain in demand and beloved by readers.

The creative destiny of F.I. Tyutchev was unusual. Quite early, the poet begins to publish his poems, but they go unnoticed for a long time. In the nineteenth century, it was believed that his lyrical monologues, inspired by pictures of nature, were beautiful. But the Russian public also found descriptions of nature in Eugene Onegin, the author of which responded to everything that worried modern readers.

Thus, the stormy year of 1825 gave rise to two interesting poems from Tyutchev. In one, addressing the Decembrists, he noted:

“O victims of reckless thought,
Maybe you hoped
That your blood will become scarce,
To melt the eternal pole.
As soon as it smoked, it sparkled,
On a centuries-old mass of ice;
The iron winter has died -
And there were no traces left."

In another poem, he talks about how “sad it is to go towards the sun and follow the movement of a new tribe,” how for him “this noise, movement, talk, screams of a young fiery day are piercing and wild.”

"Night, night, oh, where are your covers,
Your quiet darkness and dew?..”

This was written at a time when Pushkin, with an encouraging word of greeting, addressed himself “to the depths of the Siberian ores” and exclaimed: “Long live the sun, may the darkness disappear.”

Years will pass and only then will contemporaries discern Tyutchev’s incomparable verbal painting.

In 1836 A.S. Pushkin founded new magazine"Contemporary". From the third volume, poems began to appear in Sovremennik, in which there was so much originality of thought and charm of presentation that it seemed that only the publisher of the magazine himself could be their author. But under them the letters “F.T” were very clearly displayed. They bore one common title: “Poems sent from Germany” (Tyutchev then lived in Germany). They were from Germany, but there was no doubt that their author was Russian: they were all written in pure and beautiful language and many bore the living imprint of the Russian mind, the Russian soul.

Since 1841, this name no longer appeared in Sovremennik, it also did not appear in other magazines, and, one might say, from that time on it completely disappeared from Russian literature. Meanwhile, the poems of Mr. F.T. belonged to the few brilliant phenomena in the field of Russian poetry.

Only in 1850 did fortune smile - in the Sovremennik magazine N.A. Nekrasov spoke flatteringly about the Russian poet Tyutchev, and they started talking about him loudly.

Spiritualization of nature in Tyutchev’s poetry
Tyutchev’s “night soul” is looking for silence. When night descends on the earth and everything takes on chaotically unclear forms, his muse in “prophetic dreams is disturbed by the gods.” “Night” and “chaos” are constantly mentioned in Tyutchev’s poems of the 20-30s of the nineteenth century. His “soul would like to be a star,” but only invisible to the “sleepy earthly world” and it would burn “in the pure and invisible ether.” In the poem “Swan,” the poet says that he is not attracted by the proud flight of an eagle towards the sun.

“But there is no more enviable destiny,
O pure swan, yours!
And dressed as clean as you yourself
You are the element of deity.
She, between the double abyss,
Cherishes your all-seeing dream,
And the full glory of the starry firmament
You are surrounded from everywhere."
.
And here is the same picture of night beauty. The War of 1829 and the capture of Warsaw found a quiet response in Tyutchev’s soul.

"My soul, Elysium of shadows,
What do life and you have in common?”

So the poet asks himself. In marble-cold and a wonderful poem“Silentium” (translated from Latin as “Silence”) Tyutchev repeats the word “be silent.”

“Be silent, hide and conceal
And your feelings and dreams!
Let it be in the depths of your soul
And they rise and set
Like stars clear in the night:
Admire them - and be silent."

In many poets we find indications of these torments of the word, powerless to fully and truthfully express a thought, so that the “thought expressed” is not a lie and does not “disturb the keys” of moral feeling. Silence could not be a salvation from this condition. Tyutchev was silent only about those thoughts that were inspired by the “violent times” of our time, but with all the greater “predilection” he was given the impression of nocturnal and truthful nature. Contemplating the southern sky, remembering his native north, he breaks free from the power of the beauty of nature surrounding him and comes to love for the entire Universe. When looking at the kite soaring high into the sky, the poet becomes offended that man, “the king of the earth, has become rooted to the earth.”

You need to understand, love all of nature, find meaning in it, deify it.

“Not what you think, nature -
Not a cast, not a soulless face:
She has a soul, she has freedom,
It has love, it has language.”

Even the destructive forces of nature do not repel the poet. He begins his poem “Mal’aria” with the lines:

“I love this God’s wrath, I love this, invisibly
There is a mysterious evil spilled throughout everything...”

The poem “Twilight” expresses the awareness of the poet’s closeness to dying nature:

“An hour of unspeakable melancholy!
Everything is in me - and I am in everything..."

The poet turns to the “quiet, sleepy” twilight, calls it “deep into his soul”:

"Let me taste destruction,
Mix with the slumbering world."

The poet speaks everywhere about nature as something living. For him, “winter grumbles at spring,” and “she laughs in her eyes”; spring waters “run and wake up the sleepy shore,” nature smiles at spring through its sleep; spring thunder “frolics and plays”; a thunderstorm “will suddenly and recklessly rush into the oak grove”; “the gloomy night, like a stern-eyed beast, looks out from every bush,” etc. (“Spring”, “Spring waters”, “The earth still looks sad”, “ Spring thunderstorm", "How cheerful is the roar of summer storms", "The sand is pouring up to your knees").

The poet does not distinguish the highest manifestations of the human spirit from all other natural phenomena.

“Thought after thought, wave after wave -
Two manifestations of one element.”

We find the development of the same thought in the wonderful poem “Columbus”:

“So connected, connected from eternity
Union of consanguinity
Intelligent human genius
With the creative power of nature.
Say the cherished word -
And a new world of nature
Always ready to respond
A voice akin to his.”

At this point, Tyutchev’s worldview came into contact with Goethe’s, and it was not for nothing that the relationship between the two poets, who met during Tyutchev’s life abroad, was so close.

Tyutchev's landscape lyrics come from those four seasons that nature gives us. In the poetry of Fyodor Ivanovich there is no dividing line between man and nature, they are of the same element.

Tyutchev's love lyrics do not close on themselves, although they are largely autobiographical. It is much broader, more universally human. Tyutchev's love lyrics are an example of tenderness and soulfulness.

“I still strive for you with my soul -
And in the twilight of memories
I still catch your image...
Your sweet image, unforgettable,
He is in front of me everywhere, always,
Unattainable, unchangeable,
Like a star in the sky at night..."

Tyutchev's work is filled with deep philosophical meaning. His lyrical reflections, as a rule, are not abstract; they are closely related to the realities of life.

According to the lyricist, it is impossible to lift the curtain on the secrets of the universe, but this can happen for a person who is on the verge of day and night:

"Happy is he who has visited this world
His moments are fatal!
The all-good ones called him,
As an interlocutor at a feast..."
"Cicero"

Do you need to leave behind a great creative legacy in order to become great? Using the example of the fate of F.I. Tyutchev, we can say: “No.” It is enough to write a few brilliant creations - and your descendants will not forget about you.

Text adaptation: Iris Review

A talented lyricist and publicist, an excellent diplomat and statesman of Russia of the nineteenth century, author of the famous romance “I Met You.” Did you find out what we're talking about? This is Tyutchev. The biography of the poet, who glorified love and nature, is the history of the development of the classical tradition and the flowering of romanticism in Russian literature.

Tyutchev: biography briefly

Tyutchev's biography is familiar to all schoolchildren, since the name of this poet went down in the history of the formation and development of literature. Tyutchev's poems are included in the golden collection of Russian literature of the Romantic era. His lyrics combine odic traditions of the 18th century with romance experiments of lyricism of the mid-19th century.

The fate of the poet is inextricably linked with the fate of the country. Tyutchev came from ancient family, whose history began in the 13th century with an Italian of Tatar origin Dudzhi from Sugdea - a Crimean polis. This surname in the Russian phonetic version sounded like Tutche, and soon transformed into Tyutchev.

Scientists who tried to restore the origin of this surname and its meaning suggested that the roots should be sought in the Uyghur dialect, where there is the word tutaci, which meant ‘one who plays the shepherd’s horn’. It is possible that Fyodor Ivanovich’s ancestor also possessed musical and poetic talent, which manifested itself in the glorious heir of the family.

The Tyutchevs are a famous noble family that owned estates in the Yaroslavl, Moscow, Tambov, and Ryazan provinces. Ivan Nikolaevich, the writer’s father, owned a large estate in the Oryol province. It was the village of Ovstug, where in 1803 the future poet Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev was born. This happened in the last month of autumn, on the 23rd.

Fedor was not the only child in the family. Besides him, there was an eldest son, Kolya, and a younger sister, Daria. Children, as was customary in noble families, were educated at home. At first, they were raised and taught the basics of literacy by the former serf Nikolai Khlopov, an honest, pious and decent man.

Already at the age of seven, Fedor showed extraordinary mental and artistic inclinations. He became engrossed in the works of Vasily Zhukovsky and Mikhail Derzhavin. The metropolitan atmosphere of Moscow contributed to the development of his aesthetic tastes. Here the family bought a small house. However, Moscow soon had to be abandoned: Napoleonic troops entered the city.

The Tyutchevs waited out the time of the French occupation on their Yaroslavl estate, and upon returning to Moscow they hired an eminent and talented teacher who gave the children systematic knowledge and instilled a love for foreign languages- an important component of the good education of the nobles of that time.

This mission was entrusted to Semyon Raich. A talented writer, he encouraged Fyodor Tyutchev's interest in the masterpieces of world literature, ancient poetry, and classical French literature.

Already at the age of 14, Fyodor Ivanovich had good knowledge, he was so versed in literature that the famous critic Alexei Merzlyakov not only took patronage over the young talent, but also made him his protégé in the world of literature.

Fyodor Tyutchev can rightfully be called a child prodigy, because at the age of 16 he became a student at the University of Moscow. The young man chose the philological path. The future poetry star completed his university course in two years. Within the walls of his alma mater, he became friends with wonderful men who created Russian literature of the 19th century - Mikhail Pogodin, Vladimir Odoevsky, Stepan Shevyrev.

At eighteen, Tyutchev became a diplomat. He is sent on a mission to Munich. At one of the social events, he met Amalia Lerchenfeld, the illegitimate daughter of the Prussian king. The girl had a delightful appearance and enormous demands, which the poor Fyodor Tyutchev could not satisfy. The young people separated.

A year after Amalia's marriage, the poet also married. His chosen one, Eleanor von Bothmer, homely, loving and sensitive, gave birth to the poet three daughters. However, she did not meet the intellectual needs of Fyodor Ivanovich, so he started affairs on the side.

One of his passions - Baroness Ernestine von Pfeffel, after Dernberg's first husband - consoled the poet after the sudden death of Eleanor in 1838. Tyutchev married this woman as soon as the period of official mourning ended.

It was during this period that his diplomatic mission was interrupted, but the poet delayed returning to his homeland for another five years. He receives the task from Nicholas I to create a favorable image of Russia for European politicians.

Returning home, Tyutchev heads the committee at the Russian diplomatic department, which was responsible for censorship. Soon he was awarded a high official rank - 4th. Fyodor Ivanovich is an active state councilor, the head of the censorship committee, which was in charge of foreign literature that came into Russia.

Having served his Fatherland faithfully until 1865, Tyutchev retired with the rank of Privy Councilor. And this is the highest rank in the hierarchy of government officials of that time.

At that time, Fyodor Ivanovich had lost interest in the royal service and was in a depressed state of mind. This was led to by a series of deaths of his loved ones (mother, brother and nephew, daughter Maria).

In the early 1870s, Tyutchev suffered an apoplexy, as a result of which his left arm was paralyzed. Soon a second attack occurred, which led to the poet’s death at the age of 70 in 1873. From Tsarskoye Selo Tyutchev’s body was transported to the Novodevichy cemetery.

Tyutchev: creative path

Poetry became a part of Fyodor Tyutchev's life in early childhood. Biographers date the poet's first attempts at writing differently: some claim that the first verse-epitaph was written by Fyodor Ivanovich at the age of four, while others call a more mature date - 12 years old, when the boy wrote a poem dedicated to his father.

Despite the fact that Tyutchev began to engage in literary creativity early and was already a member of the Society of Literature Lovers at the age of fourteen, he did not consider this activity to be his main one. Perhaps that is why the entire baggage of the poet’s lyrical works consists of three hundred texts, a third of which are translations.

All works of the classic can be grouped into three groups - landscape, civil and intimate lyrics. Let's talk about them in more detail:

• Landscape lyrics.

In the 19th century, the Russian public admired lyrical descriptions of nature, and poetry dedicated to ladies of heart was especially popular. Most of Fyodor Ivanovich's poetic works embodied these two themes.

His stay in Germany - the country where romanticism was born, translations of texts by Goethe and Schiller, which were done by the young secretary of the Russian embassy in Munich, his personal acquaintance with Heine affected the formation of Fyodor Tyutchev's special poetic style. Literary scholars agreed that he canonized the lyrical branch of Russian poetry. His early works were created under the influence of the lyrics of Derzhavin and Lomonosov, German romantics.

The German period of Fyodor Ivanovich’s life was marked by the appearance of such famous works as: “I love a thunderstorm in early May” (“Spring Thunderstorm”), “Summer Evening”, “Morning in the Mountains”, “Awakening”, “How Quietly It Blows Over the Valley” and others. In them, the author sang the beauty of nature, its harmony and spirituality. Ideal and perfect nature was contrasted with the disharmony of society and the spiritual down-to-earthness of man.

During this period, Tyutchev is still under the influence of the classical tradition, which is modernized thanks to the romantic mood of poetic images.

• Civil lyrics.

The poet has works that reflect his civic position. So, in connection with the uprising on Senate Square in 1825, Fyodor Ivanovich wrote a poem “You have been corrupted by autocracy”.

The poet condemns the revolutionary impulse of the Decembrists. Tyutchev was a convinced monarchist. He believed that the basis of Russia was autocracy and Orthodoxy, and any democratic or liberal changes were the joys of Europe.

His early work was dominated by odic messages in praise of Emperor Nicholas I, chanting ancient Rus', the legendary Scandinavians who gave the beginnings of statehood to the Russian lands, the first princes ( "Oleg's Shield", "Song of the Scandinavian Warriors" etc.).

Staying on diplomatic service, Tyutchev implemented a plan to create a positive image of Russia in the eyes of European rulers, formed the image of a friendly and progressive society, a wise emperor. In the early 1840s. Tyutchev met the Czech philologist and poet Vaclav Hanka and, under his influence, became imbued with the ideas of Slavophilism.

In the 1860s. Tyutchev wrote the famous quatrain “You can’t understand Russia with your mind”, where he pointed out a special path of development of the Russian state, which defies rational and logical understanding. It is difficult for Western rulers to understand.

Most of the poetry that was written during Tyutchev’s diplomatic service was published only in 1836. They were published in Pushkin's almanac Sovremennik.

• Intimate lyrics.

The most popular among admirers of Tyutchev’s talent were his intimate lyrics. Let's talk about works that are associated with the poet's love adventures.

"I met you". The young diplomat dedicated this lyrical work to Amalia Lerchenfeld. A gentle and romantic person, she aroused the admiration of Alexander Pushkin and the Russian Emperor Nicholas I.

Theodor (Fedor) was the fleeting hobby of a secular young lady. Her origin obliged her to make an appropriate batch. Therefore, soon after meeting Tyutchev, Amalia married the influential Baron Krudener.

Of the outburst of passion, only one piece of evidence remains - a romantic poem, which the poet dedicated to his passion. It became a popular romance thanks to the music of Leonid Milashkin.

Poetry with cryptonym "K N." And "N" (“Your sweet gaze, full of innocent passion”, “You love, you know how to pretend”) dedicated to the first wife of Fyodor Tyutchev - Eleanor (Nora) von Bothmer - the widow of the Russian diplomat Peterson.

The author sings of a gentle and virtuous woman who charmed him and gave him her passionate love. The poetry has a theme of secrecy that hides their relationship. It is known that their marriage was secret from 1826 to 1829.

The poet was incredibly happy, but a premonition of trouble haunted him. He spoke about this in poetry "Silentium!". Indeed, after twelve years of a happy marriage, Eleanor dies. The cause of her early death was the woman's experience of a shipwreck in the Baltic Sea, when the whole family was returning from Germany to Russia.

“I love your eyes, my friend”, “And there is no feeling in your eyes”, “Oh, if only you had dreamed then”- these lyrical revelations of Tyutchev are addressed to his second wife Ernestine Dernberg.

For her bright appearance, the woman, with the light hand of Ivan Turgenev, was called the “Mephistophelian Madonna.” In fact, she was a kind, sensitive and loving woman.

Their relationship with Tyutchev began in Germany, when Eleanor was alive. She, having learned about her husband’s affair, made an unsuccessful suicide attempt. Because of this affair, the poet was transferred to Russia. After Nora's death, 29-year-old Ernestina and 36-year-old Tyutchev got married.

The second wife was a real angel: she accepted the poet’s children from his first marriage, raised them as her own, gave birth to three more children for Fyodor Ivanovich, encouraged him to pursue literature because she was rich, and tolerated his relationship with Elena Denisyeva. The poetry that Tyutchev dedicated to Ernestine is full of love, adoration and repentance.

"Denisevsky cycle"(“Predestination”, “Send, Lord, your joy” “Oh, do not disturb me with a just reproach!”, Oh, how murderously we love”, “You loved, and love like you”, “More than once have you heard the confession » etc.) are love poems dedicated to Elena Deniseva.

Tyutchev's daughters studied at the Smolny Institute. He visited them often and during one of his visits he met a beautiful pupil of this institution, the cheerful and intelligent Elena Denisyeva. He was 47 years old and she was 24 years old.

The girl was destined for the usual career of a court maid of honor and marriage with worthy person. However, having fallen in love at first sight with the famous poet, she went against public opinion.

Their relationship lasted fourteen years. All this time, Tyutchev was married to Ernestine Dernberg and did not even think about divorce. Elena died of consumption in the arms of her beloved. After a while, two children died, whom Denisyeva gave birth to the poet.

The cycle of lyrical works, born under the influence of the greatest love in the lyricist’s life, is considered the pinnacle in his work. He sang sacrifice loving woman, her dedication and courage.

Fyodor Tyutchev is one of the brightest and most original lyricists literature of the 19th century century. His works are a reflection of the poet’s personality, his beliefs, opinions, positions, and love experiences. A subtle lyricist, a great patriot, he became one of the symbols of Russian classical poetry.

At first glance, the life of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev developed quite safely and without conflict. He spent his childhood in the Ovstug estate in the Oryol province, in Moscow and the Troitsky estate near Moscow. He received a home education, and his teacher and first literary mentor was S.E. Rajic, a famous poet and translator, an expert and admirer of antiquity and Italian culture. In 1819-1821 studied at Moscow University and graduated from it in the department of verbal sciences with a candidate's degree. At the end of 1821 he began to serve in the diplomatic service, a year later he was appointed to Munich, where he remained until 1833, then he was transferred to Turin to the position of senior secretary of the Russian mission, and at one time he also served as envoy. In 1839, Tyutchev left his service and went to Switzerland to marry Ernestina Dernberg. Then he moved to Munich and only in the fall of 1844 he returned to Russia, where he again entered service in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1848 he was appointed to the position of senior censor, and from 1858 he was chairman of the “foreign censorship” committee. This track record, however, reflected only the external side of Tyutchev’s life. The inner one was marked by many dramas, many “explosions of passions.”

Tyutchev's all-consuming passion was politics. Evidence has been preserved that even on his deathbed, having already confessed and received communion, he continued to think about the topic of the day; Almost his last words were: “What details have been received about the capture of Khiva?” Tyutchev's interest in politics cannot be considered amateurish. Tyutchev was one of the most professional and most educated publicists of the so-called “conservative camp” who addressed the problem of “Russia and the West.”

Official at public service and a political publicist by vocation, Tyutchev was a man of the era of romanticism, with its painful search for unattainable harmony, with its individualistic disunity and with its clear awareness of the impossibility of reconciling reason and feeling. Tyutchev behaved exactly like a man of the era of romanticism when he left his service without permission to marry the woman he loved, Ernestina Dernberg. And this wedding took place in early July 1839, when not even a year had passed since the death of his first wife, Eleanor Tyutcheva, whom he sincerely loved and whose death he experienced as a personal tragedy. Tyutchev’s passion for E.A. was extremely dramatic. Deniseva. For fourteen years, from 1850 to 1864, their relationship, which they did not even think of hiding, was perceived in society as certainly scandalous. Having made a serious secular career and always valued his reputation in society, Tyutchev at this time demonstratively neglected secular conventions and customs. The strange duality of Tyutchev’s soul, the power that passions had over it, the complexity and even unpredictability of his character were repeatedly noted by contemporaries. His daughter’s diary contains a highly characteristic remark: “He is completely outside of all laws and rules. It’s amazing, but there’s something creepy and unsettling about it.”

The first appearance in print by Tyutchev the poet dates back to 1819, but he was noticed and appreciated quite late. The formation of his literary reputation was beneficially influenced by the publication of extensive collections of his poems by Pushkin (“Sovremennik”, 1836) and Nekrasov (“Sovremennik”, 1854, appendix). During the poet's lifetime, two separate editions of his poems were published - in 1854, edited by I.S. Turgenev, and in 1868, edited by I.F. Tyutchev and I.S. Aksakova.

WORLDVIEW AND LITERARY POSITION. In the second half of the 20s. XIX century, when the thinking part of Russian society was intensively searching for new ideological systems, special meaning acquired by classical German philosophy. The era of philosophical romanticism was beginning, and Tyutchev shared with future Slavophiles (Shevyrev, Khomyakov, Pogodin) an interest in German romantic metaphysics and aesthetics, in particular Schelling. From Schelling’s philosophy, Tyutchev “borrows,” however, not so much any specific ideas as a general formulation of the question of the relationship between the individual and the universal: the individual personality is opposed by the “world soul,” the spiritualized cosmos, the “universal life of nature”; overcoming this confrontation is conceived as a condition for the individual to realize his creative potential, and the isolation of the individual is considered an absolute evil. It is assumed that the world of the soul is, in principle, commensurate with the world of the Cosmos (Schellingian principle of the identity of “microcosm” and “macrocosm”).

Tyutchev was one of the most consistent Russian romantics, but did not participate in the literary struggle of his time. This was partly due to his biography (he spent many years abroad while in the diplomatic service), and partly to his conscious and consistent orientation towards the role of an amateur in art. In this respect, Tyutchev belongs to the Pushkin era, when the demonstration of amateurism was something more than just a literary game. In fact, a romantic author is an amateur in the sense that he is not a craftsman or a pedant; he obeys not the tastes of the crowd, not even this or that literary tradition, but, first of all, a mysterious and inexplicable inspiration, and sometimes personal mystical experience. At the same time, the literary tradition was not rejected or ignored, it was considered as material for free experimentation, and in a variety of areas - for example, themes, lyrical composition, genre.

The life and work of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev

The father of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev, Ivan Nikolaevich, after the wedding (in 1798) took Ekaterina Lvovna to the Bryansk region of the Oryol province to the Ovstug estate. For Ekaterina Lvovna, who grew up in Moscow, everything on her husband’s estate was a wonder. The main manor house stood on one of the hills, from where on one side the picturesque, deep-flowing Desna River is visible, and on the other side, as far as the eye could see, stretched expanses of fields, groves, and ravines. From the balcony of the house there was a beautiful view of the garden, a small pond with a gazebo and, a little to the left, the narrow, fast river Ovstuzhenka.

Ivan Sergeevich Aksakov, who knew Ekaterina Lvovna well, wrote that she was “a woman of remarkable intelligence, lean, nervous build, with a tendency toward morbid suspiciousness, with an extraordinary imagination.”

The poet's father, Ivan Nikolaevich, having risen only to the rank of lieutenant, resigned, since, due to his rather gentle character, he considered himself incapable of military service. Having married Ekaterina Lvovna, he was quite happy in family life, idolized his wife and from the first days of their life together he ceded all the reins of family government to her.

Thanks to the kind, gentle character of the husband and father, a peaceful and benevolent atmosphere always reigned in the family. “Looking at the Tyutchevs,” the poet’s comrade Mikhail Petrovich Pogodin wrote in his diary a little later, “I thought about family happiness. If only everyone lived as simply as they do.”

In Ovstug, on June 9, 1801, the Tyutchevs’ first-born, Nikolai, was born, and on November 23, 1803, Fedor, the future poet. This year marks the 210th anniversary of the birth of the great poet Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev (1803 – 1873).

December, 1810. By this time, the Tyutchevs, using the inheritance they received from their aunt, bought a spacious, beautiful mansion, a three-story house in Moscow, on Armenian Lane. Seven-year-old Fedya really liked his small, bright room; he enthusiastically reads the poems of Gabriel Romanovich Derzhavin and Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky. Reading becomes his favorite pastime. The faithful uncle, Nikolai Afanasyevich Khlopov, who looked after the “child” from the age of four, had difficulty persuading Fyodor to go for a walk.

Tyutchev was not born a poet. One might say that his parents were far from literature. Unless the family had a good library, inherited.

Sophia:

- F.I. Tyutchev belongs to an old noble family. He was born on a family estate. Where exactly? (in the village of Ovstug, Oryol province)

Fyodor was in poor health, did not take part in children's games, and had no close childhood friends except his brother. From childhood, the laws of God were instilled; Tyutchev remembers the Easter holidays and the singing of prayers. Nikolai Afanasyevich Khlopov, the first teacher of the future poet, was also a deep believer. He introduced the boy to nature, walked with him around the outskirts of Ovstug, explained the purpose of flowers and herbs, and talked about birds and animals.

Tyutchev recalled how one day he and his teacher found a dead turtledove and buried it on the road, while writing a poetic epitaph (an epitaph is a poem written about someone’s death). Tyutchev was 5–6 years old (this epitaph has not survived).

His son’s passion for poetry was soon noticed by his mother Ekaterina Lvovna and promptly encouraged her son to take up this activity. Subsequently, she saved everything he wrote, becoming, as it were, the initiator of a family collection of everything that came from the boy’s pen. This is how the first poem of the young poet came to us, called “To my dear daddy”:

On this day, happy is the tenderness of my son

What a gift I could bring!

Bouquet of flowers? - but the flora has faded,

And the meadow faded, and the valley...

Tyutchev is almost 11 years old.

By the beginning of 1813, the future singer of nature had a new teacher - an excellent teacher of Russian literature, Semyon Egorovich Raich. Rajic was passionate about poetry. Their love for poetry coincided and was inflamed even more thanks to their elder. The younger one followed him with all his might and made some progress in Russian literature. The grains fell on fertile soil. And indeed, at the beginning of 1818, the “first dawn” of the poetic creativity of the young Tyutchev had already begun to rise.

Sophia:

- On what occasion did Tyutchev write the first poetic epitaph? (he found a dead dove along the road and buried it)

In the fall of 1816, Tyutchev, with the blessing of his parents, began attending the private boarding school of Professor Alexei Fedorovich Merzlyakov. Russian, French, German languages, geography, history and even military sciences. Tyutchev, as the most capable student, also attended lectures at the university (he was a volunteer student).

Merzlyakov developed students' ability to write poetry. His students loved him very much. The professor believed in the future talent of his student, and having believed, he began to single out Tyutchev from others.

Sophia:

- What is the earliest poem by Tyutchev that has reached us? (“To my dear daddy”)

Merzlyakov’s first step was to admit the pupil to the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature.

And on November 6, 1819, Fyodor Tyutchev, who would turn 16 in half a month, was enrolled as a student at Moscow University in the literature department.

In his second year at university, Tyutchev turned 17 years old. From a young, angular boy, he imperceptibly turned into a slender, handsome young man; and then the first ray of youthful love flashed.

He began to pay attention to the black-eyed, ruddy girl (but she was poor). Mama Ekaterina Lvovna noticed that her son was infatuated with a courtyard girl, and therefore insisted that her son graduate from Moscow University ahead of schedule.

Tyutchev was allowed to take exams ahead of schedule and graduate from university in two years.

So, on February 21, 1822, Tyutchev entered the service of the State Collegium of Foreign Affairs, and on June 11 he went to Munich, Germany, to the Russian diplomatic mission for the position of a supernumerary official.

Fedor said goodbye to his friends, teachers, and family. Mama was in tears. Tyutchev’s old uncle, Nikolai Afanasyevich Khlopov, sat importantly on the box of the carriage along with the coachman.

Sophia:

- After graduating from Moscow University, Tyutchev was enrolled in the diplomatic service. Which city? (Munich)

Soon after his arrival in Munich, Fedor (Theodor, as his close and distant acquaintances called him in Germany) met young Amalia Lerchenfeld (15 years old) at one of the receptions.

The fifteen-year-old countess came from a noble German family. The golden-haired beauty took under her protection a well-mannered, slightly shy Russian diplomat. They often took walks along the green streets of Munich, full of ancient monuments. They were delighted by trips through the ancient suburbs and long walks to the beautiful blue Danube...

Sophia:

- How many years did Tyutchev spend abroad? (22 years old)

We have too little information left about those times, but Tyutchev’s poetic memories recreate their picture.

(Poem “I remember the golden time”).

During the year of their acquaintance, that same “golden time,” Tyutchev began to seriously think about marriage. Among the countess’s admirers was Baron Alexander Krudener, secretary of the embassy and Tyutchev’s comrade. Plucking up courage, Fyodor decided to ask for Amalia’s hand. But a simple Russian nobleman without family titles seemed to her parents not such a profitable match for their daughter, and they preferred Baron Krudener to him. The young diplomat was heartbroken.

Sophia:

- What poem, which later became a romance, did Tyutchev dedicated to Amalia Lerchenfeld?

In 1825, Tyutchev received the rank of chamber cadet (junior court rank). But he doesn’t like any thought of long, hard service, a tedious climb up the career ladder.

Soon, on March 5, 1826, the poet married Emilia Eleanor Peterson, née Countess Bothmer, a widow former minister, who had 4 sons from her first marriage. The Countess was several years older than Fyodor Ivanovich.

Very little information has reached us about how the poet spent more than two decades of his life abroad. The poet, longing for his native place, comes to his homeland several times. It was Tyutchev who wrote the most famous lines about Russia:

You can't understand Russia with your mind,

The general arshin cannot be measured:

She will become special -

You can only believe in Russia.

During his second trip to his homeland in 1830, he wrote the amazing poem “Autumn Evening.”

Living abroad for many years, Tyutchev never interrupted communication with his homeland, with friends, with his former teacher Raich; sent his poems from Munich.

In the 13th issue of the Telescope magazine for 1832, Tyutchev’s “Spring Waters” appeared, which became famous. Remember? (Reading the poem by heart).

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov considered “Spring Waters” “one of best paintings, written by Tyutchev’s pen” and added: “Reading them, you feel spring, when you yourself don’t know why things are happening cheerfully and lightly in your soul, as if several years had fallen off your shoulders...”.

And the poem “Spring” speaks for itself (reading an excerpt from this poem). The author of the poems himself lives in a foreign land, and his works are published in his hometown, where he is remembered not only by his friends, but also by many admirers of Russian poetry.

In 1836, A. S. Pushkin, instead of the planned five or six poems, published 24 poetic works of Tyutchev in the Sovremennik magazine, giving them the general title “Poems sent from Germany” with the same recommended signature “T. F." Some poems were published for the first time (“Fountain”, “The Soul Would Like to Be a Star”, “The Stream Has Condensed and Dims”).

Sophia:

- What poem are these lines from?

Spring is coming, spring is coming!

And quiet, warm May days

Ruddy, bright round dance

The crowd cheerfully follows her.

("Spring Waters")

With the growth of the family (the eldest daughter Anna was born on April 21, 1829, the second - Daria - on April 12, 1834, the youngest - Ekaterina - on October 27, 1835), expenses also grew; there was clearly not enough money for the large life that the Tyutchevs led.

Sophia:

And so, at the beginning of May 1837, the Tyutchevs finally went on vacation with the whole family to Russia, where the head of the family hoped to receive a new appointment.

The Tyutchevs arrived in St. Petersburg three months after the tragic death of A.S. Pushkin. The poet took to heart everything that happened in St. Petersburg in his absence. He will write the poem “January 29, 1837,” in which he denounces the murderer-criminal (the title of the poem is the date of the poet’s death). And the poem ends like this:

You are like my first love,

The heart will not forget Russia!

After some time, the poet again said goodbye to his homeland for a long time. On August 3, 1837, he was appointed senior secretary of the Russian diplomatic mission in the city of Turin, leaving his wife and daughters in the care of his parents. The service was not difficult, and the poet was satisfied with the annual salary of eight thousand rubles, more than two times higher than the Munich salary. Finally, the seventh month of his stay in the new place approached, Tyutchev began to wait for the arrival of his wife and daughters, for whom he was already greatly homesick.

And suddenly, on May 30, 1838, he received news of the sinking of the steamship Nikolai off the coast of Prussia.I", which was supposed to be followed by his family. Tyutchev immediately went to Munich and learned all the details there. On the night of May 18-19, there was a fire on the ship. Wife Eleanor "was able to carry the children through the flames." But still, unrest, and most importantly, a cold, nervous shock contributed to the deterioration of health. Eleanor died on August 27, 1838.

While at his wife’s coffin, Tyutchev turned gray overnight. His grief and despair knew no bounds. The poet cannot forget his Eleanor, with whom he lived for 12 years, for a long time.

Even 10 years later, in one of the saddest moments, a hard-won poetic confession breaks out of him:

I still languish with the longing of desires,

I still strive for you with my soul -

And in the twilight of memories

I still catch your image...

Your sweet image is unforgettable,

He is in front of me everywhere, always,

Unattainable, unchangeable,

Like a star in the sky at night...

But Tyutchev’s nature is contradictory. The poet was not a monogamist all his life.

Since 1833, he dated Ernestina Dörnberg, née Baroness Pfeffel, a German by nationality. The poet himself was well aware of his “sinful” love, and he wrote heartfelt lines about this love. Sometimes he made rash acts.

Sophia:

- What poetic lines did Tyutchev write in memory of his first wife, Eleanor Peterson? (“I am still tormented by the anguish of desires”)

And now Tyutchev, without waiting for a new envoy, left the service without permission, went with his future wife to Switzerland and married her there. This event took place on July 17, 1839.

His wife was seven years younger than him, extremely beautiful and charming. Having settled in Munich, the Tyutchevs were soon able to take their children with them.

And yet, the unauthorized departure, even for good reasons, was not in vain for the poet. He was excluded from the lists of ministry officials and deprived of the rank of chamberlain (chamberlain is a senior court rank).

The diplomatic service was not successful. Tyutchev decides to go to Moscow with concerns about the upcoming service, about his future residence with his family.

Sophia:

- What nationality was the second wife of the poet Ernestine Dörnberg? (German)

Unexpectedly for himself, the poet receives support from the ministry thanks to Amalia Krudener. She enjoyed the favor of Benckendorff and the emperor himself.

On September 20, 1844, the Tyutchevs sailed to St. Petersburg. With them were two children - daughter Maria and son Dmitry, born on June 14, 1841.

It took only a few months for Fyodor Ivanovich to be recognized in the living rooms of St. Petersburg.

Vyazemsky noted that “Tyutchev is the lion of the season.” And Vladimir Aleksandrovich Sologub recalled: “He was perhaps the most secular person in Russia, but secular in the full meaning of the word. He needed, like air, every evening, the light of chandeliers and lamps, the cheerful rustling of expensive women's dresses, the talk and laughter of pretty women. Meanwhile, his appearance did not really correspond to his tastes; he was ugly, carelessly dressed, clumsy and absent-minded; but everything, all this disappeared when he began to talk, tell stories, read poetry: everyone instantly fell silent, and in the whole room only Tyutchev’s voice was heard ... "

On March 16, 1845, Tyutchev was enlisted in the department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and a little later he was appointed an official of special assignments under the state chancellor (the chancellor is the highest civilian rank).

Boring posts, far from poetry. But it was necessary to serve - the family was growing, on May 30, 1846, Tyutchev’s third child was born - son Ivan, who was named after his grandfather Ivan Nikolaevich.

In addition to the most magnificent pictures of nature, Tyutchev wrote many poems love lyrics, dedicated to the high feeling of love for a woman.

Such famous poems, like “The sun is shining, the waters are sparkling,” “Oh, how murderously we love,” “On the eve of the anniversary of August 4, 1864,” etc., are dedicated to Elena Alexandrovna Denisyeva, the poet’s “last love.” The poems are very diverse and unusual. Let's listen to them! (poem “The sun is shining, the waters are sparkling”)

Tyutchev met Deniseva in the late 1840s. When they met, he was 47 years old and she was 24 years old. Their friendship grew into deep, passionate love. The course of this murderous love, which lasted almost a decade and a half, is told by the poet’s own poetic confessions, which were later included in the famous Denisiev cycle, a masterpiece of Russian love lyrics (the poem “Oh, how murderously we love”).

The relationship lasted almost fifteen years, until Deniseva’s death. They had three children; in fact, this was Tyutchev’s second family. Their love was difficult, bitter for both. But it was especially difficult for E. A. Deniseva. She, an illegitimate wife, was not accepted by society.

There is gossip, gossip, condemnation around her. Life in such an environment, constant worries undermined her health, she died young at the age of 38 on August 4, 1864. The poem “On the Eve of the Anniversary...” was written on August 3, 1865, on the road from Moscow to Ovstug.

Sophia:

- Under what name is the cycle of poems dedicated to Elena Deniseva known?

("Denisevsky")

And yet, Tyutchev would not have been a great poet if he had not ended the sixties with another of his true masterpieces of love lyrics, which have survived to this day in the form of a beautiful romance. This poem reveals another love secret of his restless soul.

At the beginning, we talked about Fyodor Ivanovich’s first “Munich” love, Amalia Lerchenfeld, who, contrary to their mutual decision, married a fellow poet and became the famous Baroness Krudener. But the passage of time showed that both did not forget about their first great feeling and somewhere in the most secret corner of their souls they cherished the brightest memories of it (the poem “I Met You...”)

Romance " I met you…"

But the last, seventies years of Tyutchev’s life in his poetry are still associated with philosophical thoughts about the life he lived, the expectation of its natural end.

Sophia:

- Which of the famous lines belong to Tyutchev:

“I love my fatherland, but strange love!»

“You can’t understand Russia with your mind…”

“Russia, poor Russia...

Diseases creep up unexpectedly. On January 1, 1873, Fyodor Ivanovich, despite the doctors’ warnings, went for a walk, but a short time later he was brought to the house in a cab, paralyzed.

All week Tyutchev was on the verge of death, but even then everything turned out well. He even tries to write poetry:

The executing god took everything from me:

Health, willpower, air, sleep,

He left you alone with me,

So that I can still pray to him, -

He writes to his wife, Ernestina Fedorovna, who has not left his bedside all day.

In mid-May, Tyutchev was transported in a carriage to Tsarskoe Selo, where the family last years rented a dacha.

Suddenly, “in the early morning of July 15, 1873, his face suddenly took on some special expression of solemnity and horror,” wrote Ivan Sergeevich Aksakov, “his eyes opened wide, as if staring into the distance, he could no longer move or utter a word,” he seemed to be completely dead, but life was in his eyes and on his forehead. It had never shone with thought as much as it did at that moment... Half an hour later, suddenly everything went dark and it was gone. He shone and went out" (poem "Silentium!»).

Penza State Pedagogical University

them. V.G. Belinsky

Test

on the history of Russian literature

on the topic “Creativity of F.I. Tyutchev"

Performed: 1st year student

correspondence department

Penza State

pedagogical university

them. V.G. Belinsky

Faculty of Primary

and special education

Kaderkaeva Svetlana Vladimirovna

Teacher: Podina Larisa Vyacheslavovna

Checked:

Plan

1.Introduction.
2. Brief biographical information. The creative path of the great poet.
3. The main motives of Tyutchev’s lyrics:

1)philosophical lyrics;

2) landscape lyrics;

3) love lyrics.

4.Conclusion

In the “abundant” stream of Russian literature of the 9th century, which generously endowed humanity with priceless spiritual treasures, a special place belongs to my favorite poet silver age Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev. Although during his lifetime he was not a generally recognized poet, in our time he occupies an important place in Russian literature.

Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev was born on December 5 (November 23), 1803 in the village of Ovstug, Oryol province, into the family of the hereditary Russian nobleman I.N. Tyutchev. Tyutchev early discovered his extraordinary gifts for learning. He received a good education at home, which since 1813 was led by S.E. Raich, a poet-translator, an expert in classical antiquity and Italian literature. Under the influence of his teacher, Tyutchev became involved in literary work early and already at the age of 12 he successfully translated Horace.

Tyutchev began to shine in the poetic field at the age of fourteen, when at the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature the most authoritative scholar Merzlyakov read his poem “The Nobleman,” although very imitative, but filled with civil indignation against the “son of luxury”:

...And you still dared with your greedy hand

Take away daily bread from widows and orphans;

It is hopeless to expel a family from their homeland!…

Blind! The path of wealth leads to destruction!...

In 1819, a free adaptation of the “Epistle of Horace to Maecenas” was published - Tyutchev’s first appearance in print. In the fall of 1819, he entered the literature department of Moscow University: he listened to lectures on the theory of literature and the history of Russian literature, on archeology and the history of fine arts.

After graduating from the university in 1821, Tyutchev went to St. Petersburg, where he received a position as a supernumerary official of the Russian diplomatic mission in Bavaria. In July 1822 he went to Munich and spent 22 years there.

Abroad, Tyutchev translates Schiller and Heine, and this helps him acquire his own voice in poetry and develop a special, unique style. In addition, there he became close friends with the romantic philosopher Friedrich Schelling and the freedom-loving poet Heinrich Heine.

A significant event in the poet’s literary life was the selection of his poems in Pushkin’s Sovremennik (24 poems), published in 1836 under the title “Poems Sent from Germany.”

Then there is a long pause in Tyutchev’s publications, but it was at this time that his political worldview was finally formed. In 1843-1850, Tyutchev published political articles “Russia and Germany”, “Russia and the Revolution”, “The Papacy and the Roman Question”, and conceived the book “Russia and the West”.

In the fall of 1844, Tyutchev finally returned to his homeland. In 1848, he received the position of senior censor at the ministry, and in 1858 he was appointed chairman of the “Foreign Censorship Committee.”

Since the late 40s, a new rise in Tyutchev’s lyrical creativity began. N.A. Nekrasov and I.S. Turgenev put him on a par with Pushkin and Lermontov. 92 poems by Fyodor Ivanovich were published as an appendix to the Sovremennik magazine. In one of the issues of the magazine, an article by I.S. Turgenev “A few words about the poems of F.I. Tyutchev” was published, containing a prophecy: Tyutchev “created speeches that are not destined to die.” In the future, a high appreciation of Tyutchev’s poetry will be expressed by writers and critics of various literary groups and movements. All this meant that fame had come to Tyutchev.

However, among all his contemporaries - from Pushkin and Lermontov to Nekrasov and Dostoevsky, Chernyshevsky and Leo Tolstoy - he was the least professional writer. From the age of twenty until his death, that is, half a century, he was an official, quite carelessly regarding his official duties. But all my life I was heated by the political unrest of the time.

F.I. Tyutchev is a very prosperous poet. He had a position in society, and excellent service, and success with beautiful ladies, true friends. Literary fame came to Tyutchev in his sixth decade of life. Nekrasov discovered this poetic talent by publishing poems in Sovremennik, making the diplomat, official, and author of political notes the most famous lyricist in Russia.

Among the leading themes of F.I. Tyutchev’s lyrics one can single out philosophical, love, and landscape themes.

At first glance, the poet’s philosophical lyrics are consonant with the ideas of the German romantic school, with which he was well acquainted, since he spent many years in the diplomatic service in Germany; on the other hand, his thoughts about the world and man are striking in their global scope.

Tyutchev's world is tragic; his poems bear the stamp of complexity, painful thoughts, duality, and inconsistency. According to his philosophical views, the poet was a “pantheist,” that is, the highest power before which a person can bow was nature for him. But spiritual life, according to the poet’s ideas, was complex and contradictory. His perception of life evoked a mood of deep tragedy, which became the main motive of the poet’s work. In the depths of the existence of nature, a certain primordial, dark, all-consuming element of existence is agitated, which he called “chaos” or “abyss.” The entire visible world is only a short-term splash of this faceless ray of life.

Tyutchev’s favorite time of day is evening, night, when secret forces come to life. If the daytime world is clear and bright, then the image of the night is associated with a feeling of anxiety and fear. The visible world is a veil hiding the “ancient chaos.” It seeks to break out in civil upheaval, in rebellion. “Blessed is he who visited this world in its fatal moments.”

Tyutchev compares human life with the change of seasons: spring-youth, summer-maturity... Nature and man live according to the same laws, man is an integral part of nature, a “thinking reed”.

This understanding of life gives the poet’s entire philosophical worldview a tragic character. “When you experience the consciousness of the fragility and fragility of everything in life,” wrote Tyutchev, “then existence, in addition to spiritual growth, is just a meaningless nightmare.”

Thus, every individual existence seemed to him as something inevitably doomed to disappear.

Man in the “struggle of the elements” is seen by the poet as “helpless”, “insignificant dust”, “a thinking reed”. Fate and the elements control man and his life, human fate is therefore like an ice floe melting in the sun and floating “in the all-encompassing sea” “into the fatal abyss.” From all the struggle of the elements and passions there is one way out, one possible path:

When it strikes last hour nature,

The composition of the earthly parts will be destroyed;

Everything visible will be covered by waters again,

And God's face will be depicted in them...

But at the same time, Tyutchev glorifies the struggle, courage, and fearlessness of a person with whom this “thinking reed” resists fate. “Take courage, fight, O brave souls, no matter how cruel the battle is, no matter how stubborn the struggle!”

Leafing through a collection of Tyutchev's poems, I always linger my gaze on poems and nature. Why? Perhaps this is because in childhood, having first heard Tyutchev’s first poems, they still excite the soul, fill it with boundless love for everything: for man, for nature, perhaps because poems about nature are more understandable to me. I still remember by heart:

I love the storm in early May.

When the first thunder thunders in spring.

How ba frolicking and playing,

Rumbling in the blue sky.

There is in the initial autumn

A wonderful, but wonderful time -

The whole day is like crystal,

And the evenings are radiant.

F.I. Tyutchev is usually called the singer of love and nature. He was truly a master of poetic landscapes, but his inspired poems are completely devoid of empty and thoughtless admiration; they are deeply philosophical. All nature is animated by the poet: the spring spring mysteriously whispers, “The gloomy night, like a cruel beast, looks out from every bush.” Nature in his poems is spiritual, thinks, feels, says:

Not what you think, nature:

Not a cast, not a soulless face -

She has a soul, she has freedom,

It has love, it has language.

Depicting nature as Living being, Tyutchev endows it not only with a variety of colors, but also with movement. The poet does not paint just one state of nature, but shows it in a variety of shades and states. This is what can be called the existence of nature. In the poem “Yesterday” Tyutchev depicts a ray of sunshine. We not only see the movement of the beam as it gradually made its way into the room, but we also feel how the beam touches us. The living wealth of Tyutchev's nature is limited. Not everything that is objectively alive touches the poet. Tyutchev’s nature is universal, it manifests itself not only on earth, but also through space. In the poem “Morning in the Mountains” the beginning reads like a landscape sketch:

The azure of heaven laughs,

Washed by the night thunderstorm,

And it winds dewy between the mountains

Only higher mountains up to half

Fogs cover the slope,

Like air ruins

The magic of created chambers.

Tyutchev always strives upward in order to know eternity, to join the beauty of an unearthly revelation: “And there, in solemn peace, exposed in the morning, the White Mountain shines like an unearthly revelation.”

The poet explores the “soul” and the life of nature with amazing observation and love, creating unforgettable poetic pictures. With images of nature, Tyutchev expresses his innermost thoughts and feelings, doubts and questions: “And why in the general choir does the soul sing differently than the sea. and the thinking reed murmurs.” “The faithful son of nature,” as Tyutchev called himself, exclaimed: “No, I cannot hide my passion for you, Mother Earth.”

The poet's love for nature is inseparable from his love for his homeland. But not everything in Russia pleases him as much as the beauty of his native expanses. The events taking place are not in tune with his lyrical worldview. The judgments perfectly characterize the abomination of the political situation created in the country: “In Russia there is an office and a barracks... Everything moves around the whip and rank.”

Above this dark crowd

Of the unawakened people

Will you rise when freedom

Will your golden ray shine?

Observing as much as possible all external secular decency, Tyutchev did not slave to them with his soul, did not submit to conventional secular morality, and maintained complete freedom of thought and feeling. The author places responsibility for the people's troubles and military losses on the tsar. It was to him that a sharp, accusatory epigram was sent:

You did not serve God and not Russia, you served only your vanity,

And all your deeds, both good and evil, -

Everything was a lie in you, all the ghosts were empty:

You were not a king, but a performer.

For Tyutchev, Russia was like a huge painting, the merits of which he could only judge from afar, not understanding the meaning of what was happening, not fully understanding the meaning of what was happening, much in his homeland remained unclear and alien. At the end of his life, still not understanding the mystery of Russia, the poet wrote:

You can't understand Russia with your mind,

General arshin cannot be measured:

She will become special -

You can only believe in Russia.

The best in F.I. Tyutchev’s lyrics, I think, are poems about love, imbued with the deepest psychologism, genuine humanity, nobility, and directness in revealing the most complex emotional experiences.

The poet was happy in love, could not live without love, loved from early youth to old age. For him it was a golden time - a time of continuous love with life, with the brilliant society of young beautiful women.

Being ugly in appearance, short in stature, thin, and bald, he was very popular among the ladies of high society in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Paris, and Munich. What was the secret of Tyutchev’s charm? He probably conquered women with his intellect and romantic nature.

Many of his poems about love have an autobiographical imprint.
Tyutchev was an enthusiastic, passionate person. Tyutchev's first serious passion was Amalia Lerchenfeld, whom he met in Munich in 1825. The poems “I remember the golden time...” and “I met you - and all the past...” are dedicated to her. “Beautiful Amalia” married Tyutchev’s colleague, and a year later the poet fell passionately in love with Eleanor Peterson and entered into a marriage with her, which lasted until 1838, when she died. According to the testimony of those who knew the poet, he turned gray in a few hours after spending the night at his wife’s coffin. However, a year later Tyutchev married the beautiful Ernestina Derpberg. One of the first beauties of that time, she was educated, spiritually close to the poet, had a good feel for his poems and was extremely smart. The cycle of poems dedicated to Ernestine includes such works as “I love your eyes, my friend...”,

“Dream”, “Upstream of your life”, etc. These poems combine earthly love and an unearthly, heavenly feeling. There is anxiety in the poems, fear of the possible abyss that may appear before those who love, but lyrical hero trying to bridge these gaps.
The motifs of the transience of happiness, the disastrous nature of love, and guilt before the woman one loves are especially characteristic of the poems from the so-called “Denisevsky cycle” (“There is a high meaning in separation...”; “Don’t say: he loves me, as before... "; "All day she lay in oblivion... They reflect the fourteen-year love affair of the poet and E.A. Denisyeva, whose name gave the name to these lyrical masterpieces. In the relationship between Tyutchev and the former pupil of the Smolny Institute there was a rare combination of adoration and passion of love, mutual attraction and admiration, boundless joy and suffering
This late, last passion continued until 1864, when the poet’s girlfriend died of consumption. For the sake of the woman he loves, Tyutchev almost breaks with his family, neglects the displeasure of the court, and forever ruins his very successful career. However, the brunt of public condemnation fell on Denisyeva: her father disowned her, her aunt was forced to leave her place as inspector of the Smolny Institute, where Tyutchev’s two daughters studied. These circumstances explain why most of the poems of the “Denisevsky cycle” are marked by a tragic sound, such as this:
Oh, how murderously we love,
As in the violent blindness of passions
We are most likely to destroy,
What is dear to our hearts!
How long ago, proud of my victory,
You said: she is mine...
A year has not passed - ask and find out,
What was left of her?

Until the end of his days, Tyutchev retained the ability to revere the “unsolved mystery” of female charm - in one of his later love poems he writes:
Is there an earthly charm in her,
Or unearthly grace?
My soul would like to pray to her,
And my heart is eager to adore...
Tyutchev's love lyrics, represented by a relatively small number of works, are one of the best examples of world love lyrics. Probably because there is something personal, individual, close to every person, regardless of time and age, who has experienced a wonderful and sublime feeling of love.

F.I. Tyutchev is a poet of light art. His poetic word embodies an inexhaustible wealth of artistic meaning; it is full of deep philosophizing and reflection on the essence of existence.

Although the main fund of the poet's legacy consists of only slightly less laconic poems, his lyrics have remained relevant and interesting for more than a century. A century ago, the great Russian poet A.A. Fet rightfully said about the collection of Tyutchev’s poems:

This is a small book

Many volumes are heavier...

LITERATURE
1.F.I.Tyutchev. Selected lyrics. -M., 1986
2.A.A.Fet.Works.-M., 1982

3. Kozhinov Vadim. F.I. Tyutchev. - M., 1988.

4. Lotman Yu.M. About poets and poetry. -SPb.: “Art-SPb”, 1996