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Start in science. The essence and features of the process of socialization of youth

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Specifics of youth socialization

Note 2

The main specific feature that distinguishes the socialization of youth from all main types is age characteristics. In fact, a young man and his socialization is a transitional stage from primary socialization to its second stage - secondary socialization, respectively.

A feature of primary socialization is the individual’s initial mastery of norms and values, rules, and traditions. Thus, the individual, like a sponge, absorbs all common values in the process of communication in the family circle, as well as with friends and others. significant people who are several levels higher than themselves (due to age characteristics and a certain level of accumulated social experience). At this stage, the individual does not have the right to make his own choice; this choice is made for him by others: his parents.

Secondary socialization is fundamentally different from primary socialization in that for the individual his environment, like himself for others, manifests itself in other features that differ from those that he perceived during primary socialization. This leads to the fact that the young man begins to see the world and other people based on his own considerations, and not those that were instilled in him during the first stage of socialization.

Dynamics of youth socialization

Note 3

In Russian society, reforms are carried out annually that have an impact on all sectors of society, and especially on young people. The reform led to a change not only in the structure of society, but also in some standards of youth socialization. The set of transmission of social norms and cultural values, which were initially transmitted from generation to generation - from older to younger, has also changed.

The features of the socialization of Russian youth (taking into account the transition from the former Soviet system to the modern one) are expressed as follows. Basically, the changes occurred due to the fact that a uniform normative model, with equal starting opportunities, some monopolization and predictability, was replaced by a variable and stratified model of socialization. In addition, the following features can be noted:

Transformation of the main institutions of socialization (preschool, school, university and postgraduate);
Deformation of the value-normative mechanism of social regulation and the formation new system social control. This occurs due to dynamic and spontaneous changes in the social structure, the emergence of a large number of new social organizations (including informal associations that influence the worldview and consciousness of young people);
The imbalance of organized and spontaneous processes of socialization towards spontaneity is also influenced by a large selection of organizations, movements and directions. Often a young man himself does not fully understand what he really needs, therefore, having escaped from parental care, he strives to use all the possibilities of his independence and freedom, which can sometimes be uncontrollable and spontaneous;
Changes in the relationship between public and personal interests towards expanding the autonomy of the emerging personality, space for initiative and self-realization in creativity.

Socialization of youth

Society is the unity of sociality and culture, with which the individual is inextricably linked. Wherein:

society – a set of subjects interacting with each other;
personality is the subject of interaction;
culture is a set of values and norms, meanings, etc., which objectify and reveal these meanings and which are owned by subjects.

Youth is a socio-demographic community formed on the basis of a combination of age characteristics and characteristics of social status.

Note 1

Socialization of youth is the process of establishing interaction and relationships between society and a young person. This interaction is the relationship between the individual and the social in the personality, an orientation towards the priority of public or personal interests, which are formed during the socialization of the individual.

The socio-psychological characteristics and social status of young people are of a socio-historical nature and depend on the social system, culture and the patterns of socialization characteristic of a given society.

Successful socialization of youth is impossible without the institution of the family, which must have the features of a healthy, complete, stable structure. In the absence of one of the conditions for socialization, the socializing function of the family is not fully realized, which leads to the growth of deviant and destructive phenomena in society.

Modern types of youth socialization

IN modern science There are several types of socialization of the younger generation:

Ecumenical socialization. The formation of young people in a certain natural environment, the assimilation and implementation of certain programs of interaction with nature, the formation of a certain type of consciousness, and, accordingly, forms and methods of life.
Mesosocialization. The specific historical process of the formation and development of youth in the infraspheres of the parental family, health care, everyday life, upbringing and education, free time, one’s own young family, in which certain programs and corresponding forms and methods of life are gradually implemented.
Economization. Mastering by young people certain professions and specialties, participation in the production of spiritual and material values.
Political socialization. The process of youth entering the political life of society, implying the mastery of certain political norms, values, and patterns of behavior.
Ethnocultural socialization. Formation of abilities to preserve national culture, maintain interethnic communication, and renew traditions.

Features of the socialization of youth in the modern world

The specificity of young people is manifested in the fact that they are in the process of transition from childhood to adulthood, experiencing the stage of family and extra-family socialization, internalization of norms and values, formation of social statuses and roles, and professional expectations.

This process manifests itself in:

specific youth forms of behavior and consciousness,
concepts of youth music, fashion, language;
formation of youth subculture.

Recently, such important components of generational continuity as education and upbringing have been noticeably pushed aside. Their place is taken by the institutions and cultural values of mass society.

Characteristic features of youth socialization:

Prestigious status consumption becomes a priority. The personality is increasingly alienated from spiritual values, the structure of their development is deformed, the means become the goal. Mass culture determines the cultural self-identification of young people and the socialization of each individual.
Civilization, or global crisis of identity, accompanied by cultural fragmentation, disorganization of large structures and communities, destruction of traditions, globalization of world processes, postmodernization, destruction of traditions and values, destruction of ideological attitudes.
Providing opportunities for the formation and development of individual characteristics of the younger generation by society increases the dynamics of the development of society, however, sometimes it destabilizes society, leads to a decrease in the resource of its viability, and disrupts systemic connections.

The sociocultural development of youth is observed with the simultaneous interaction of various socionatural factors and processes, such as:

self-education;
professional pedagogical impact;
large and small groups of people;
family;
culture;

Problems of youth socialization

In the modern world, the younger generation faces a number of difficulties:

a variety of social connections that limit the possibilities of a holistic perception of the surrounding world;
increasing speed of life rhythms;
“means of life” replacing spiritual life goals;
hedonic orientation towards pleasure;
speed and unpredictability of modern social transformations;
cultural heterogeneity of society;
political pluralism.

CHAPTER I. YOUTH IN MODERN TIME

IN A CHANGING WORLD

1.1. Cognition of social objects: philosophical and 23 sociological analysis

1.2. Theoretical and methodological foundations of modern 40 sociology

1.3. Heuristic potential of Polish social and humanitarian knowledge 55

1.4. Sociocultural processes in post-socialist countries

1.5. Youth as a socio-demographic group of society

CHAPTER II. SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS AS CHANNELS

SOCIALIZATION OF YOUTH

2.1. General understanding of social institutions and their functions

2.2. The process of socialization and its sociological analysis

2.3. Traditional channels of socialization: family, 132 education system, sociocultural environment

2.4. Priority channels of socialization in a transitive society: 157 labor market, institute of entrepreneurship, media and the Internet

2.5. New content of education and its socializing role

CHAPTER III. MASS CONSCIOUSNESS AND ITS ROLE IN

SOCIALIZATION OF MODERN YOUTH

3.1. Mass consciousness as a sociocultural phenomenon

3.2. The structure of mass consciousness: theoretical aspect

3.3. Concepts of stereotypes of consciousness and social ideas and 239 their significance for the formation of mass consciousness of youth

3.4. Value orientations and their evolution in conditions of radical 257 changes

3.5. Ideas about the Polish national character and 268 ethno-identification as a channel of socialization

CHAPTER IV. BROADCASTING CULTURE IN THE MODERN 290 WORLD

4.1. The phenomenon of culture and its modern understanding

4.2. Mastering culture in the modern world

4.3. Sociological studies of Polish youth in the 60s. XX 334 centuries

4.4. Youth as a factor in changing the world

4.5 Theoretical forecasts of world development for the next 373 decades

Conclusion of the dissertation on the topic “Social structure, social institutions and processes”, Emchura Teresa

CONCLUSION

Consideration of youth as a specific socio-demographic group of modern society shows that it has a number of common features associated with its basic characteristics. These include:

Mismatch of somatic, psychological, social and chronological ages, which distinguishes all youth in the modern world;

It is also obvious that the period of adolescence is lengthening due to the complication of social practice and the lengthening of the period of obtaining education;

Modern youth increasingly have the learning process as their leading activity, thanks to which the value of human capital, the main wealth of any society, increases;

The process of primary and secondary socialization of youth requires increasing financial, economic, socio-political and moral costs on the part of older generations, and therefore not all countries of the world are able to implement targeted and effective youth policy, which is typical only for the most developed and democratic countries ;

An increasing number of young people, especially in developed countries ah is born and socialized in an urban environment, where social control is weakened, and therefore the deviant and delinquent behavior of young people increases.

A more detailed study of the youth of the Earth shows that they differ significantly not only across countries and regions, due to the specific historical features of the development of certain countries, but also differ in their stereotypes of consciousness, value orientations and social ideas within their country, influenced by the pace of its development, the relationship between various social groups and the characteristics of government institutions, traditional/innovative trends in the development of the country. The characteristics of youth cohorts are determined by many objective factors that act in a diverse and chaotic manner, therefore, for the most part, young people grow up in social systems, exposed to various social risks, and each such social risk significantly affects the formation of young people, their adaptive or maladaptive attitude towards social institutions and processes dominant in society.

Let us illustrate this using the example of demographic forecasts that guide educators of the younger generations for the near and longer term. What will humanity be like by 2050? Will it contain over 60% of youth, as was the case in the total population of the Earth in the 60s? last century?

Demographers believe that in the first half of the 21st century. The predominance of men compared to women in the total population of the Earth will increase. Already at the present time, the preponderance of men is about 20 million.134 F. Fukuyama noted that in the 20-30s. XXI century millions of angry men will not be able to find a married couple, this preponderance is especially noticeable in the countries of Asia, Africa and Oceania. In modern China, there are 1,059 men per 1,000 women. In this regard, the exception is Russia, where there are 878 men per 1,000 women. In general, starting from the time of victory in the Great Patriotic War, with its huge losses of the predominantly male population, the proportion of women in the USSR per 1000 men was 1339, i.e. more than

134 Francis F. Our posthuman future. - M., 2004. - P. 95 et seq. a third more. This could not but affect both the formation of sociocultural characteristics based on gender and the social behavior of the population - family and marriage relations, migration processes, supply and demand in the labor market, gender and age structure of the education system, etc. were significantly influenced by the predominance of the female gender in all spheres of life.

The first half of the 21st century, demographers note, will be characterized by a significant aging of the population of developed countries in Europe and Japan. Given the persistence of small families, the required number of workers for the normal functioning of the economy of these countries will be replenished by migration from labor-abundant regions of the Earth, which will increase the multi-ethnicity of most countries and require special measures in the field of adaptation of migrants to new socio-cultural living conditions. Due to the fact that most migrants are, as a rule, young people, male, this imposes special specifics on their adaptation.

Since the 60s. last century, all researchers already consider youth as a specific and particularly significant socio-demographic group of society. It is studied by all social and humanitarian knowledge regarding how the processes of primary and secondary socialization of children, adolescents and young people occur in the existing social institutions of society, what are the mechanisms of adaptation of youth into society, how the system of values, norms and cultural traditions of society influences the formation of social ideas, stereotypes of consciousness and fixed attitudes of young people towards their mass behavior.

It is these processes that ensure the socialization of young people and their successful integration into the social whole.

Each society is interested in a certain type of personality that best suits it and therefore makes its own demands on the formation of the social character of the younger generations. This is embodied in the system of education and upbringing, in the media, in the forms and methods of adaptation of the younger generations to the life of society. The process of personality formation is difficult and multiply mediated. Based on an objectively identical social position, but due to different subjective-evaluative attitudes towards it, different personality types can develop, therefore the process of socialization is not controllable, it is quite chaotic and random.

Social behavior rising generations can be assessed quantitatively - by the level of social activity of young people, and qualitatively - by the nature and direction of this activity, which can be creative and destructive, conscious and spontaneous, oriented towards globalization or regional affairs, etc.

Everything depends, firstly, on the social structure of society, secondly, on its normative culture and value orientations, including the normative credo of the subject, his ideas about what he should or should not be, and thirdly, behavior depends on fixed attitudes , style of thinking and level of self-awareness of the individual, therefore real behavior corresponds to the normative-ideal very little.

The model of a social personality type is a product of a complex interweaving of historical, cultural and socio-economic conditions of people’s life and activities. Sociology offers various options for social typology of personality. Thus, M. Weber takes the specifics of social action as the basis for typification, more specifically, the degree of its rationality. In this connection, he distinguishes between goal-rational, value-rational, affective and traditional orientations of people and the typology of their characters.

His classification was put forward by F. Znaniecki, who believed that the typology can be built on the basis of studying the behavior of people, their social interaction and their performance of social roles.

The typification proposed by P. Sorokin is based on the dominant value systems, according to which each type of society corresponds to a specific historical social type. His student and successor of the theory of sociocultural dynamics, T. Parsons, believed that in order to identify social typology, it is necessary to turn to the analysis of the role of cultural symbols that ensure interaction and understanding between people.

There were approaches to defining social typology back in the 19th century. proposed by K. Marx and F. Engels (material production and class affiliation form social types); then 3. Freud and K.-G. Jung (the entry of an asocial individual into a taboo culture, hence the initial neuroticism of the subjects, their libidinousness and the great significance of the “collective unconscious” in deeds and actions).

In the concept of interactionism by J. Mead, social typology is a consequence of interpersonal interaction between people, as a result of which mutual conformist behavior, and conformity becomes the main feature of a person in mass society and this must be taught, which is what American sociology and psychology does, publishing in millions of copies all kinds of prescription behavior that ensures effective interpersonal contacts.

Modern sociological understanding of a young person involves, first of all, the study of personality as a social type, the study of historically specific social connections and relationships of a person, as well as the study of personality as an element of a real social system.

The general sociological theory of personality is closely related to the philosophical problems of man. Its main problems include: revealing the social essence of man and the specific historical nature of man’s appropriation of his essence: identifying the most general sociological laws of personality development in society and the historical forms of its implementation; research of social activity as a way of implementing social relations; revealing the dialectics of personality as a subject and object of social relations and a number of others. Great importance For the study of personality as a specific social type, there are special sociological theories, in particular, the role concept of personality by T. Parsons and the concept of P. Sorokin, which considers personality as the bearer of a certain system of value orientations.

Analyzing the role concept, it should be noted a number of its important advantages - the ease of empirical interpretation of personality in its terms, the possibility of its correlation with social relations and the entire system of social reality. However, the role concept of personality cannot provide a complete and adequate understanding of personality, because it does not even raise a number of problems of knowledge about a person, leaving in the shadows such important problems of personal existence as self-awareness and self-knowledge of a person, his freedom and self-realization and others. Role theory considers a person as a set of functions given by the social whole, and not by the individual-personal existence of the subject.

The concept of value orientations attempts to overcome this limitation. In its terms, personality is determined by the social whole (personality as an object of social relations), and the source of its social activity is in its life position (personality as a subject of social relations). However, by exploring the problem of the formation of value orientations, studying the orientation of the individual, this concept increasingly merges with the socio-psychological understanding of the individual, which is noted by the adherents of the theory of value orientations themselves.

Works have a special place in personality analysis social psychologists, in which the relationship of the individual with the social whole (group) is considered through the inner world of the individual, revealing interpersonal relationships and analyzing the degree of a person’s awareness of their significance for his activity, cognition and communication. Social psychology also studies the problems of personality orientation, self-esteem, well-being and self-esteem, conformity and adaptation, collective suggestions and anxiety, personal prospects and frustrations. In this plan social Psychology considers and interprets the individual as a subject and object of group relations, as a subject and object of group activity.

An analysis of the literature on activity allows us to conclude that modern social and humanitarian knowledge defines activity as a way of existence and formation of a social person; reveals the subjectivity of the activity; its consciousness and expediency; transformative and creative character; social character and conditioning by past experience; the interchange of activities is specifically studied; its versatility; the relationship between freedom and the active relationship of the subject to the world.

A detailed analysis of social and philosophical problems of activity is given in a number of works by L.P. Buevoy. Analyzing the initial positions of human analysis, the author showed that the Marxist tradition of analyzing activity considers its attributes to be activity, objectivity and instrumentality of activity and emphasizes the connection with the concepts of work, practice, method of activity, type of life activity, way of life.

An important point in Marx’s concept of man in the modern world is the problem of alienation, which has gone beyond philosophical discussions and acquired modern practical significance. In this sense, mass society and its ideology make a person even more alienated from his essence than was the case in the 19th century, in industrial society. The concepts of “a consuming person” and a “playing person” proposed by sociologists and cultural scientists could not overcome the alienation of a person from his generic essence - active creativity. The development of media and information systems, instead of man’s active participation in the world, offered him a “global village” and “virtual reality”, i.e. the illusion of real life.

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Introduction

Man is a social being, but, being born into society, he must go through a long process of inclusion in it in order to become a full-fledged and full-fledged member of society. For this purpose, society has created educational institutions for the younger generation - kindergartens, schools, higher education institutions educational establishments, army. The essence of socialization of young people is integration into society through the assimilation of generally accepted norms and rules, as well as the establishment of their own, interpersonal connections and relationships through active activity. The main task of a person in this process is to become part of society, while remaining an integral person.

The relevance of this topic, in our opinion, is that at the present time, when everything in our country is radically changing public relations and social institutions, the study of the characteristics of the socialization of youth is becoming a particularly popular and pressing problem, attracting the attention of not only scientists, but also teachers, parents and teenagers themselves.

The problem of this topic is that the emergence of new directions and a radical change in traditional trends in the socialization of the younger generation in a modern transitional society have led to an increase in the number of young people leading an asocial and immoral lifestyle.

Our interest in this issue is explained by the fact that we are one of the representatives of the modern generation of young people who are experiencing new processes of change in society. And since radical changes in the world have a huge and not always positive impact on the development of young people, we want to reveal this problem in detail in order to know exactly what can stand in our way of life and the path of our peers.

Purpose Our work is to consider the process of socialization of youth in modern Russian society, to identify the main problems and prospects for the socialization of youth in Russia.

We have supplied the following tasks:

Define socialization.

Consider factors influencing socialization.

Analyze the process of personality formation.

Show the influence of economic and socio-political factors on the socialization of youth.

Determine the role of youth socialization for the future of Russia.

And the following are used research methods:

Theoretical analysis of literature

Observations

Youth as an object of study

It is believed that a person reaches physical maturity at an average age of 14 years. Around this age, in ancient societies, children underwent a ritual initiation— initiation into the number of adult members of the tribe.

However, as society became more advanced and complex, it took more than just physical maturity to be considered an adult. It is expected that an accomplished person should acquire the necessary knowledge about the world and society, acquire professional skills, and learn to independently provide for himself and his family. Since the volume of knowledge and skills has continuously increased throughout history, the moment of acquiring adult status has gradually been pushed back to a later age. Currently, this moment corresponds to approximately 25 years.

When I was young It is customary to call the period in a person’s life from 14 to 25 years - between childhood and adulthood.

The youth- this is a generation of people going through the stage of growing up, i.e. formation of personality, assimilation of knowledge, social values and norms necessary in order to become a full-fledged and full-fledged member of society.

If we consider youth from the point of view of leading activities, then this period coincides with the end education(educational activities) and entry into working life.

Let's consider this difficult concept from the points of view of various sciences:

From a psychological point of view youth is the period of acquiring one’s “I”, establishing a person as an individual, unique personality; the process of finding your own special way to achieve success and happiness.

From the perspective of law, youth - the time of coming of age (in Russia - 18 years). An adult person receives full legal capacity, i.e. the opportunity to enjoy all the rights of a citizen (voting rights, the right to enter into a legal marriage, etc.) At the same time, the young man assumes certain responsibilities, including compliance with laws, paying taxes, caring for disabled family members, and protecting the Fatherland.

From a general philosophical point of view youth can be seen as a time of opportunity, a time of looking to the future. Youth is a time when nothing has happened yet, when everything can be done and done.

Based on all these characteristics, we can say that youth- this is our time life path, when a person gets to know himself, and whose character is determined by a combination of (1) age characteristics, (2) characteristics of social status and (3) a special psychological make-up.

Socialization of youth

As we have already said, youth is, first of all, the formation of ideals, the development of social norms and attitudes, the acquisition of skills that help to exist and function successfully in society. Let's take a closer look at this process. In the modern world, this process is commonly called socialization.

In different dictionaries, socialization is defined as:

“the process of assimilation by an individual throughout his life of social norms and cultural values of the society to which he belongs”

“as a process of assimilation and further development by an individual of socio-cultural experience”

as “the process of personality formation, learning and assimilation by an individual of values, norms, attitudes, patterns of behavior inherent in a given society, social community, group”

as “a complex, multifaceted process of including a person in social practice, acquiring social qualities, assimilation of social experience and realization of one’s own essence by performing a certain role in practical activities"

Main factors influencing socialization

In the modern world, there are many factors and problems that influence the process of a person acquiring the skills necessary for a full life in society.

Consider these main influencing factors:

Economic forces most of all influence the situation of young people. For the most part young people are not well off financially, does not have her own home, and is forced to rely on financial assistance from her parents. The desire to get an education delays the start of working life to a more mature age, and the lack of experience and knowledge prevents people from obtaining highly paid positions. Young people's wages are much lower than the average wage.

Spiritual factors no less important. In modern times it is intensifying the process of losing moral guidelines, erosion of traditional norms and values. Young people, as a transitional and unstable social group, are most vulnerable to the negative trends of our time. Thus, the values of labor, freedom, democracy, interethnic tolerance are gradually leveled out, and these “outdated” values are replaced by consumer attitude towards the world, gregariousness.

The most important problem remains the problem of fathers and children", associated with the conflict of values between youth and the older generation. In any type of culture, the family is the main unit in which the socialization of the individual occurs. In modern society, socialization occurs mainly in small families. As a rule, a child chooses a lifestyle or behavior that is inherent in his parents and family.

Relationships between generations

In our opinion, the most important factor in the process of personality development is intergenerational relations. It is the relationship between “fathers and children” that deserves special attention in our work.

Now there are three types of intergenerational relationships:

postfigurative - have long been established, acquired clear contours, took shape in the form of habitual, stable figures of thinking and behavior and imply an orientation towards the past and traditional values. Young people learn from the experiences of the older generation. The development of post-figurative cultures is slow, innovations have difficulty making their way;

configurative- are in the process of formation, focused on the present: both young people and adults correlate their actions with the changing modernity. Socialization occurs mainly in the process of communicating with peers. A youth counterculture is born;

prefigurative- not yet defined, aimed at the future. Old values and stereotypes are abandoned because past experiences turn out to be useless or harmful. The older generation is increasingly learning from young people.

Obviously, the question of which is preferable—the values of fathers or the values of children—does not have a precise answer. But still, we must say that in a steadily developing and sustainable society, the values of the older generation are in demand, but in conditions of a deep social crisis we have to abandon many outdated values and begin to search for new guidelines that correspond to the changed living conditions.

Trends in the development of youth culture

Youth as a special demographic group is characterized by the following main features:

high level of social mobility;

active search for one’s place in the social structure, a satisfactory way of life;

mastering professions and career prospects;

assimilation and critical assessment of generally accepted social norms, values, standards of behavior;

territorial mobility;

instability and internal contradictions of the psyche;

radicalism of social, political, cultural views;

the desire to stand out, to be different from others;

association in informal, unofficial groups based on interests and hobbies;

the existence of a specific youth subculture.

Therefore, the following trends in the development of youth culture can be identified:

1. The crisis state of society has led to stratification and polarization of youth social groups and strata in terms of material well-being, quality of life, and, consequently, in terms of the level of development of cultural goods. The previously existing system of mass-accessible forms of culture has collapsed. The distribution of benefits in the field of youth culture occurs according to the principle of ability to pay.

2. Privatization cultural sites led to the fact that The main place for young people to spend their free time is increasingly becoming the street, the entrance and a person’s apartment, which is due to the increased need for relaxation, rest, and lower material costs for home leisure.

3. One of the results of the crisis is an increase in socio-psychological tension, which is expressed in an increase in the deviant behavior of young people on the one hand, and in health problems on the other. The desire to relieve these conditions leads young people to try to get away from life’s problems with the help of mysticism, religion, drug addiction, suicide. From within, the need of young people to suppress strong stressful emotions is intensifying, and here the search for ways and mechanisms of “peace” is very important.

Thus, modern reality has confronted the young man with a lot of problems. They are determined both by macrotrends (general civilizational changes, the nature of political and economic development Russia, etc.), and miscalculations in state youth policy.

What are modern youth interested in?

According to the survey results, the Internet ranks first among interests. Why? Now the younger generation cannot imagine life without social networks and other Internet resources. The Internet is used in all areas of life (study, work, communication). Of course, the Internet is a necessary and useful thing, but in no case should we forget about the real world. Besides the Internet, clubs and cinemas are the most popular entertainment among young people.

Second place is given to communication. The communication of young people themselves is noticeably different from communication with the older generation. They have their own interests, life views, their own opinions, which can be very difficult to challenge. Popular topics of conversation: music, films, hobbies, cars, fashion.

Money is another integral part of our life. It is not surprising that today’s youth are thinking about their future income now.

Let’s talk separately about the popularity of sports among young people. It has now become even more important than ever. Our generation is really interested in this. Football, hockey, volleyball, basketball are the most popular sports among young people.

What else are young people interested in? Undoubtedly, it is worth noting education, modern Art, fashion trends. But, unfortunately, many drink alcohol and energy drinks and smoke.

The younger generation is trying to create a beautiful, carefree life for themselves. But to achieve all this, you need to make a lot of effort. We are the future of our country and must live up to this definition, achieve new heights, improve and pave our own path to a happy tomorrow!

Deviant behavior

Unfortunately, teenagers' behavior does not always correspond to norms. This is manifested in the use of drugs and alcohol, harsh treatment of the environment, and vandalism. All this can be attributed to one concept - the concept of “deviant behavior”.

Deviant behavior is behavior that deviates from the most common, generally accepted, and established norms and standards.

Deviant, negative behavior is eliminated by applying certain formal as well as informal sanctions (treatment, isolation, correction, punishment of the offender). The problem of deviant behavior has been a central issue that has attracted attention since the emergence of sociology.

The reasons for the deviant behavior of adolescents lie in insufficient supervision, lack of attention from loved ones, in anxiety and fear of punishment, in fantasy and daydreaming, in the desire to get away from the care of teachers and parents, in cruel treatment from comrades, in an unmotivated desire to change a boring environment.

Separately, I would like to note the early alcoholism and drug addiction of adolescents. Among delinquent adolescents, most are familiar with drugs and abuse alcohol. The motives for such use are the desire to be in the company of others and become an adult, to satisfy curiosity or to change one’s mental state. In subsequent times, they take drugs and drink for a cheerful mood, as well as for self-confidence and relaxedness. The emergence of a group addiction to getting drunk at a meeting of friends carries the threat of alcoholism. And a teenager’s desire for drug use is an early sign of drug addiction.

Deviant behavior of adolescents is marked by a characteristic orientation towards material and personal well-being, as well as towards life according to the principle “how I want”, asserting oneself by any means and at any cost. In most cases, young people are not driven by the desire to satisfy needs and self-interest through criminal means, but are attracted to participate in the company in order to be considered brave. Adolescent deviations are a common phenomenon that is accompanied by the process of maturity and socialization, increasing throughout adolescence and decreasing after 18 years.

Deviant behavior of adolescents includes antisocial, anti-disciplinary, illegal, as well as auto-aggressive (self-harm and suicidal) actions. Actions are determined by various deviations in personality development. Often these deviations include children's reactions to difficult life circumstances.

The causes of adolescent deviation are associated with the conditions of upbringing, characteristics physical development and social environment.

Reproaches and hints from others regarding appearance, as well as awkwardness, provoke violent emotions and distort behavior. The emergence of deviant behavior is determined by psychological characteristics. Features of deviant behavior of adolescents are noted in the unstable mood of adolescents.

Thus, the development of a teenager’s personality is carried out under the influence of society and culture and is directly related to the economic.

Conclusion

While working on this study, we studied the process of socialization, its characteristics and phases. And they concluded that the term “socialization” refers to the totality of all social processes through which an individual assimilates and reproduces a certain system of knowledge, norms and values that allow him to function as a full member of society.

We studied the features of the process of socialization of youth and the problems that the younger generation faces during socialization.

We came to the conclusion that during the reform of Russian society, modern youth, as a social group, faced the problems of self-determination, finding a job, acquiring a guaranteed social status, obtaining quality education.

To summarize, we can say that the changes occurring in society affect all spheres of its life, and especially the younger generation. Young people are constantly forced to adapt to these changes. In this regard, new problems arise in the process of socialization, therefore, in modern Russian society there is an urgent need to understand the main problems of socialization of youth.

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