EntranceThe Caucasus - where it is located, map with cities and republics, general characteristics. Interactive map of the North Caucasus Federal District Main types of landscapes
We study the countries of Transcaucasia and their capitals on the map (list 5) ➤ included in the Caucasus region. Below is a map of the location of the Caucasus republics + capital, alphabetical list, borders by land and sea, flags and continents, in English
Presentation with flags for children and adults: the capitals of the 5 republics in Transcaucasia. The ability to sort the table alphabetically, select the necessary neighboring countries and their capitals, friendly and unfriendly. Go to a detailed map in Russian, look at the surroundings of the city, show border areas nearby, find and write down the names. Find out the number of adjacent third-order neighboring states, their location in the region, as indicated. See on the diagram who it is adjacent to and the places nearby where the nearest city on the border is located. List the names of continents and parts of the world, surrounding seas and oceans. Find out the number of letters in the name and which one it starts with
Full list of countries in the Caucasus region + capital:
- Abkhazia, Sukhum
- Azerbaijan, Baku
- Armenia, Yerevan
- Georgia, Tbilisi
- South Ossetia, Tskhinvali
Republic of Transcaucasia on the map + capitals
The table is alphabetical, it contains all the states of the region (Zakavkazya), which are united by location and territory, which have common borders. Both land/by land and sea/by sea. The above republican formations are geographically located between the Black and Caspian Seas, on the border of Europe and Asia. Previously part of the former USSR -
According to the list of 5 states in the region and a detailed geographical diagram of their location in the world for 2020, for clarification, switch to the “MAP” or “SATELLITE” view type. Nearest countries with territories around: western, eastern, northern, southern. More details here,
Show or name the mountains that are located between the Black and Caspian Seas? The Caucasus Mountains are divided into two mountain formations: the Greater Caucasus and the Lesser Caucasus. Abkhazia and Georgia belong to the state territories of the Black Sea coast, Azerbaijan has access to the coast of the Caspian Sea
In English:
| A country | Select country Abkhazia Azerbaijan Georgia Armenia South Ossetia | English version: |
Have you ever wondered what the Caucasus is? The origin of the word is still unknown. Scholars suggest that it means the name of the people who lived in the area during the time of the ancient Greek playwright Aeschylus.
From the time of the settlement of primitive man on the territory of Armenia and right up to the present day, this southern part of Eurasia fell under the wave of division in every possible way: there was a constant struggle for strategically advantageous, resource-rich territories.
During the invasion of the Golden Horde, the Caucasians suffered significantly from the power of the Mongol-Tatars and for a long time remained under her influence. This contributed to the preservation of the patriarchal-feudal system, which slowed down the political development of the south compared to the central part of Russia.
It is known from history that the desire of the Russian Empire in the 18th century to trade with European countries contributed to the organization of military campaigns in the southern territories in order to annex new lands. But the conquered coast of the Caspian Sea was soon lost. Southern border as a result peace treaties again began to pass along the Terek River. However, the location of the army in difficult mountainous areas contributed to the construction of fortification lines, which began with the construction of the fortresses of Kizlyar and Mozdok.
Decades later, after the war with Turkey, the famous Azov-Mozdok defensive line would be created, strengthening Russia’s influence in the Black Sea.
The Caucasus - where it is located and what it borders on
On the world map, the mountainous area can be found on the border between Europe and Asia; it covers an area of about 450 thousand km 2. Having basic knowledge of geography, it will be easy to imagine the volume of the territory by geographical coordinates- 38°25' - 47°15' north latitude, 36°37' - 50°22' east longitude.
The territory is limited from the east by the Caspian Sea, and from the west by the Black Sea and Azov coasts. The northern border of this region is considered to be the Kuma-Manych depression. Southern - the republics of Iran and Turkey.
Population of the Caucasus
The peoples of this region are divided into three groups based on language:
- Caucasian family: Georgians, Lezgins, Abkhazians, Chechens and others;
- language family: Azerbaijanis, Karachais, Trukhmens and others;
- Indo-European family: Ossetians, Jews, Armenians, Greeks, Russians and others.
Today, over seventeen million people live in this area: more than 50 nations, different religions, cultures, languages. Traditions and economic structures of different stripes mixed in the southern part of Eurasia. This certainly creates problems among the population.
Nevertheless, over many centuries of cohabitation, Chechens, Lezgins, Dargins, Avars and other representatives of the peoples have built a complex but fruitful system of relationships: conflicts and strikes between the population began to occur less frequently, and it was possible to maintain relative calm in the region.
The population of the Caucasus constantly suffered not only from internal ethnic contradictions, but also from external threats. Since ancient times, Caucasians have been subject to invasion by nomadic barbarian tribes. Fierce wars were constantly fought for influence in the Black and Caspian Seas. For example, the invasion of the lands of the Caucasus Russian Empire dealt a crushing blow to the established historical features of the interaction system. The population decreased by approximately five hundred thousand people.
During the occupation of the territories by the Nazis, the population of the Caucasus was resettled to Siberia and Central Asia, and remained there for several decades. Only a small part returned to their rightful territories.
The population was seriously undermined by the first Chechen War, in which more than 5 thousand people died, tens of thousands were left homeless, and the crisis that followed years later provoked the population into a new military conflict and entailed another wave of victims.
The indigenous population is basically Muslim, but there are also Orthodox peoples - Ossetians, Abkhazians and Georgians, Armenians, etc.; Jews practice Judaism.
List of Caucasus countries
Turning to political map, we will see that the list of states located in this territory includes:
- Abkhazia;
- Chechen Republic;
- Ossetia;
- part of Russia;
- Circassia;
- Ingushetia;
- Azerbaijan;
- Georgia;
- Armenia.
Many scientists are inclined to believe that Turkey also belongs to the countries of this region. Numerous arguments confirm this.
These countries are home to the most beautiful, world-famous cities:
- the resort city of Sochi, beloved by many;
- Bulgakov's Kislovodsk, famous for its mineral waters;
- Grozny is the capital Chechen Republic, rich in oil;
- Gagra and Tbilisi are wonderful resort cities.
Relief
The terrain is mostly mountainous.
Conventionally, the entire territory is divided into tectonic zones:
- The Ciscaucasia region is characterized by flat terrain and low hilliness.
- The Greater Caucasus is composed of ridges and valleys, geographically divided into: Main and Side ridges, belts of the northern and southern slopes.
- The Transcaucasian zone is represented by a relief with a larger number of hills than in the rest of the region. It includes the Kura and Rioni depressions.
- The mountainous heights of the Lesser Caucasus limit the Armenian Highlands.
- Armenian folded zone.
Remembering this geographical area, most residents of Russia will name the Caucasus Range.
The ridge of the main Caucasus ridge
This powerful mountain system, clearly visible on the physical map of the world, consists of the Main Range, the Side Range, divided by rivers into separate sections. To the west of Mount Yalbuz the ridge is smaller than Vodorazdelny; in the east, on the contrary - higher. Along the entire length of the mountain system there are: Central, Eastern and Western parts.
The central part is located between the Kazbek and Yalbuz mountains.
The relief forms of the Western Caucasus are the same rocky as in the Central Caucasus. To the west of the peak, the Fisht mountains become lower.
Babadag is a mountain peak in the east of the Greater Caucasus Watershed Range
The eastern part is higher than the Western, but the height of the mountains in it is much lower than in the Central. After the peak of Babadag, located in Azerbaijan, the mountains decline sharply - this section is called the Caspian chain.
Geological structure and minerals
Oil is one of the most significant mineral resources of the southern regions. During the war with Soviet Union Hitler sent part of his army in this direction with the aim of capturing the most valuable of natural resources- “black gold”.
These are Paleogene and Neogene rocks occurring in the Dagestan, Grozny and other regions. No less famous is the Absheron oil field in the eastern part of the Kura Depression. It is composed of river sediments from the deltas of the ancient Volga and Kura, which once flowed into the lake of the South Caspian depression.
The upper soil is composed of sands and clays. The lower, sedimentary layer contains hydrocarbons - this is where oil deposits are located. IN last years More ancient strata of the Republic of Dagestan and the Krasnodar Territory are being developed.
The gas fields of the mountainous region are no less important. People have been benefiting from this wealth for a long time. For example, the Dagestan glass factory has been operating on natural gas for several centuries. The cities of Stavropol and Grozny are rich in gas. Even before the revolution, natural resources were mined in them for heating premises. Large deposits They were also discovered in the Krasnodar region, which currently ranks first in terms of gas reserves in Russia.
The western region of Georgia is famous for its coal mining. And, although the reserves of this mineral are not so large, it is of significant importance in industry.
The mountainous country is rich in ores. Almost all metals needed in industry are concentrated here. The most significant representatives: copper, zinc, iron, arsenic, aluminum.
Climate
The Caucasus is located in two zones - temperate and subtropical. The presence of mountain ranges that obstruct the flow of cold air has a noticeable effect on the climate. For this reason, in winter the temperature in the Ciscaucasia drops lower than in the Transcaucasus, which is protected from cold currents by mountains.
IN different parts The climate of the region may differ significantly. Continental temperate is typical for Western Ciscaucasia. And the East has a dry continental feel. The Lankaran lowland is characterized by humid subtropical climate.
Significant amounts of precipitation fall on the slopes of the Greater Caucasus. Most of them, thanks to air currents, are concentrated on the slopes of the most humid regions: Central and Western.
Considering the territory of the Lesser Caucasus, it is worth noting some features:
- duration of winter - in some areas it lasts about 4 months;
- the average amount of precipitation per year, which reaches 500 mm or more.
Glaciation
At the beginning of the twentieth century, glaciation amounted to 1967 km 2. Due to a certain direction of wind flows, the glaciation of the northern slope of the mountains is more significant than the southern one.
Elbrus Volcano
The largest area of glaciation has the inactive volcanoes Elbrus (Yalbuz) and Kazbek, which are 143 km 2 and 135 km 2, respectively. Today, the length and thickness of the ice sheet have decreased, for example, the glaciation of Elbrus has decreased by about 10%.
It is worth noting: This area is dangerous from the point of view of avalanches. During scientific research a pattern has been established between the sizes of ancient avalanche drains and glaciers that feed on solid sediments. It was the collapse of avalanches in large numbers that led to the appearance of massive Caucasian glaciers of considerable length.
Another problem in the Caucasus is the formation of mudflows arising from rain and snow, as well as from melting ice. If there is little precipitation for a long time and the temperature drops, then melt water accumulates in the valleys and, mixed with moraines, forms mudflows, posing a great threat to people's economies.
The largest rivers and lakes of the Caucasus
A significant part of the mountain ranges is concentrated in the Greater Caucasus region. Rainfall, melted snow and groundwater rushing from high mountains into the valley, form rivers and streams. These are rivers of the so-called alpine type, with a glacial type of feeding.
Such rivers have a number of distinctive features: in winter, their water volume decreases, and they may completely disappear before the onset of summer (peak melting). Rivers of this type of feeding: the famous Lermontov Terek, the upper reaches of the Kuban, Kodori and many others.
Rivers in the Lesser Caucasus region are fed by groundwater. They form at an altitude of 2-3 km and increase to significant volumes in the spring, during floods. In summer, when the process of moisture evaporation occurs, the water level decreases and reaches minimum values.
A typical representative of this type is R. Kura.
In Mediterranean streams, the maximum level is observed in winter.
After the snow melts, rivers in the steppes of the Ciscaucasia increase in volume. In summer they turn into chains of small lakes, or disappear completely until the next flood. These are rivers originating in the Stavropol Upland.
There are few lakes in the Caucasus, mostly fresh tar lakes, small in area and no more than 4 meters deep.
The most large lake tectonic origin – Sevan. Its waters are used in the land irrigation system and in the Sevan cascade of power plants. Located in Armenia.
The rivers are used by the local population for industry. Kura in its lower part, r. Rioni and R. Kuban – navigable; The fields are irrigated with water from the rivers; some have hydroelectric power stations.
Main types of landscapes
The southern region is diverse in landscape.
Conventionally, it can be divided into three zones:
The steppes are plowed and sown. Spaces not occupied by crops are used as pastures. Beech, ash, and oak grow in forest-steppes. The fauna of the Caucasus is similar to that of Central Asia: in the fields you can find long-eared hedgehogs, jerboas and reed cats.
The mountainous territories are divided into the Greater and Lesser Caucasus, occupied by meadows, mountains and forests, in the space of which beech, pine, and hornbeam grow; and the Armenian Highlands with steppes, which are used for hay harvesting and animal walking. 
The nature is similar to Western Europe: deer live in the forests, bear, lynx, and fox are common. Less commonly you can see the jerboa and gopher.
Reserves of the Caucasus
There are many nature reserves located in the resort areas of the south. The state carefully monitors the preservation of the natural environment: any economic activity and hunting are prohibited, in some natural complexes Entrance is open only for scientific work.
The most famous visited nature reserves are:
The warm climate, the presence of healing mineral waters, the proximity of the seas and relatively low prices played a decisive role in the status of the Caucasus as the main resort area of Russia and neighboring countries.
Not only the best health resorts are concentrated here, including Caucasian Mineral Waters, famous city Sochi, a beach coast with boarding houses and children's summer camps, but also competitive mountaineering centers and ski resorts.
Many poets and prose writers wrote about the mountainous country. Famous politicians grew up here. Mineral baths brought thousands of sick people back to their feet.
What else do you know about this wonderful world, where everything glows with steppe will, freedom and the dashing character of a mountaineer? If, after reading the article, you still have not had the desire to travel to a magnificent corner of the world, perhaps a few interesting facts will make you change your mind:
North Caucasus District of Russia
The North Caucasus Federal District is an administrative formation located on an area of 172.4 thousand km² in the southern part of European Russia, as well as the eastern and central parts of the North Caucasus. The interactive map of the North Caucasus Federal District contains information about the administrative-territorial division: the North Caucasus Federal District includes 7 subjects of the Russian Federation, among which Stavropol region and 6 republics (Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkarian, Ingushetia, North Ossetia-Alania, Karachay-Cherkess, Chechen). The region's population reaches 9.54 million people.The map of the North Caucasus Federal District displays its geographical borders: the district has common land borders with the Southern Federal District, the republics of Abkhazia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and South Ossetia. The region shares its water borders with the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The functions of the center of administrative formation are performed by Pyatigorsk, which is not administrative center a constituent entity of the North Caucasian Federal District (Stavropol Territory). A detailed map of the North Caucasus Federal District shows the location of Pyatigorsk, which occupies part of the Stavropol Upland, the banks of the river. Podkumok. Makhachkala is considered the largest city in the region.
The Stavropol Territory is considered the most developed in economic terms. Various industries operate successfully here National economy. On a detailed map of the North Caucasian Federal District, the Stavropol Territory is represented by the largest resort in the Russian Federation - Caucasian Mineral Waters. In terms of quantitative and qualitative indicators of therapeutic mud and mineral waters, it cannot be compared with any balneological resort in Eurasia.
In front of you detailed map Caucasus mountains with names of cities and settlements in Russian. Move the map while holding it with the left mouse button. You can move around the map by clicking on one of the four arrows in the upper left corner.
You can change the scale using the scale on the right side of the map or turning the mouse wheel.
In which country are the Caucasus Mountains located?
The Caucasus Mountains are located in Russia. This is a wonderful, beautiful place, with its own history and traditions. Coordinates of the Caucasus Mountains: northern latitude and eastern longitude (show on large map).
Virtual walk
The “man” figurine above the scale will help you take a virtual walk through the cities of the Caucasus Mountains. By clicking and holding the left mouse button, drag it to any place on the map and you will go for a walk, while inscriptions with the approximate address of the area will appear in the upper left corner. Select the direction of movement by clicking on the arrows in the center of the screen. The “Satellite” option at the top left allows you to see a relief image of the surface. In the “Map” mode you will have the opportunity to get acquainted in detail with the roads of the Caucasus Mountains and the main attractions.
antiqus classics
Caspian mountains
- Caspian mountains
- and gates (Greek Κασπία ὄρη, Latin Caspii monies).
- 1. The fanatical mountains between Armenia and Albania on the one hand and Media on the other (now Qaradagh, Siah-Koh, i.e. Black and Talysh Mountains). In a broad sense, this name refers to the entire chain of mountains running south of the river. Arak (from the Kotur River to the Caspian Sea). Here were the so-called.
Caspian Gate (Kaspiapili), a narrow mountain pass 8 Roman miles long and one chariot wide (now the Chamar pass between Narsa-Koh and Siah-Koh). This was the only way from Northwestern Asia to the northeastern part of the Persian state, because the Persians locked this passage with iron gates, which were guarded by guards (claustra Caspiarum).
The Caucasus Mountains are a mountain system between the Black and Caspian seas.
It is divided into two mountain systems: the Greater Caucasus and the Lesser Caucasus.
The Caucasus is often divided into North Caucasus and Transcaucasia, the border between which is drawn along the Main, or Watershed, ridge of the Greater Caucasus, which occupies a central position in the mountain system.
The most famous peaks are Mt. Elbrus (5642 m) and Mt.
Kazbek (5033 m) is covered with eternal snow and glaciers.
From the northern foot of the Greater Caucasus to the Kuma-Manych depression, the Ciscaucasia stretches with vast plains and hills. To the south of the Greater Caucasus are the Colchis and Kura-Araks lowlands, the Inner Kartli Plain and the Alazan-Avtoran Valley [Kura Depression, within which the Alazan-Avtoran Valley and the Kura-Araks Lowland are located]. In the southeastern part of the Caucasus are the Talysh Mountains (up to 2492 m high) with the adjacent Lenkoran Lowland. In the middle and west of the southern part of the Caucasus is the Transcaucasian Highlands, consisting of the ridges of the Lesser Caucasus and the Armenian Highlands (Aragats, 4090 m).
The Lesser Caucasus is connected to the Greater Caucasus by the Likhsky ridge, in the west it is separated from it by the Colchis Lowland, in the east by the Kura Depression. Length - about 600 km, height - up to 3724 m.
Mountains near Sochi - Aishkho (2391 m), Aibga (2509 m), Chigush (3238 m), Pseashkho and others.
Location of the Caucasus Mountains mountain system on the world map
(the boundaries of the mountain system are approximate)
Hotels in Adler from 600 rubles per day!
Caucasus Mountains or Caucasus- a mountain system between the Black and Caspian seas with an area of ~ 477488 m².
The Caucasus is divided into two mountain systems: the Greater Caucasus and the Lesser Caucasus, very often the mountain system is divided into the Ciscaucasia (North Caucasus), the Greater Caucasus and the Transcaucasus (South Caucasus). The state border runs along the ridge of the Main Ridge Russian Federation with the countries of Transcaucasia.
Highest Peaks
The largest mountain peaks of the Caucasus Mountains (indicators from different sources may vary).
|
Height, m |
Notes |
|
| Elbrus | 5642 m | the highest point of the Caucasus, Russia and Europe |
| Shkhara | 5201 m | Bezengi, the highest point of Georgia |
| Koshtantau | 5152 m | Bezengi |
| Pushkin Peak | 5100 m | Bezengi |
| Dzhangitau | 5085 m | Bezengi |
| Shkhara | 5201 m | Bezengi, the highest point of Georgia |
| Kazbek | 5034 m | Georgia, Russia (highest point of North Ossetia) |
| Mizhirgi Western | 5025 m | Bezengi |
| Tetnuld | 4974 m | Svaneti |
| Katyn-tau or Adish | 4970 m | Bezengi |
| Shota Rustaveli Peak | 4960 m | Bezengi |
| Gestola | 4860 m | Bezengi |
| Jimara | 4780 m | Georgia, North Ossetia (Russia) |
| Ushba | 4690 m | |
| Tebulosmta | 4493 m | highest point of Chechnya |
| Bazarduzu | 4485 m | highest point of Dagestan and Azerbaijan |
| Shan | 4451 m | highest point of Ingushetia |
| Adai-Khokh | 4408 m | Ossetia |
| Diklosmta | 4285 m | Chechnya |
| Shahdag | 4243 m | Azerbaijan |
| Tufandag | 4191 m | Azerbaijan |
| Shalbuzdag | 4142 m | Dagestan |
| Aragats | 4094 m | highest point of Armenia |
| Dombay-Ulgen | 4046 m | Dombay |
| Zilga-Khokh | 3853 m | Georgia, South Ossetia |
| TASS | 3525 m | Russia, Chechen Republic |
| Tsitelikhati | 3026.1 m | South Ossetia |
Climate
The climate of the Caucasus is warm and mild, with the exception of the highlands: at an altitude of 3800 m there is a border " eternal ice" In the mountains and foothills there is a large amount of precipitation.
Flora and fauna
The vegetation of the Caucasus is distinguished by its rich species composition and diversity: oriental beech, Caucasian hornbeam, Caucasian linden, noble chestnut, boxwood, cherry laurel, Pontine rhododendron, some types of oak and maple, wild persimmon, as well as subtropical tea bushes and citrus fruits grow here.
In the Caucasus there are brown Caucasian bears, lynxes, wildcats, foxes, badgers, martens, deer, roe deer, wild boars, bison, chamois, mountain goats (turs), small rodents (forest dormouse, vole). Birds: magpies, blackbirds, cuckoos, jays, wagtails, woodpeckers, owls, eagle owls, starlings, crows, goldfinches, kingfishers, tits, Caucasian grouse and mountain turkeys, golden eagles and lambs.
Population
More than 50 peoples live in the Caucasus (for example: Avars, Circassians, Chechens, Georgians, Lezgins, Karachais, etc.) which are designated as Caucasian peoples. They speak Caucasian, Indo-European, and Altai languages. Largest cities: Sochi, Tbilisi, Yerevan, Vladikavkaz, Grozny, etc.
Tourism and rest
The Caucasus is visited for recreational purposes: there are many seaside resorts on the shores of the Black Sea, and the North Caucasus is popular for its balneological resorts.
Rivers of the Caucasus
Rivers originating in the Caucasus belong to the basins of the Black, Caspian and Azov seas.
- Bzyb
- Kodori
- Ingur (Inguri)
- Rioni
- Kuban
- Podkumok
- Araks
- Liakhva (Big Liakhvi)
- Samur
- Sulak
- Avar Koisu
- Andean Khoisu
- Terek
- Sunzha
- Argun
- Malka (Kura)
- Baksan
- Chegem
- Cherek
Countries and Regions
The following countries and regions are located in the Caucasus.
- Azerbaijan
- Armenia
- Georgia
- Russia: Adygea, Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, Krasnodar region, North Ossetia-Alania, Stavropol Territory, Chechnya
In addition to these countries and regions, there are partially recognized republics in the Caucasus: Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Nagorno-Karabakh.
Largest cities of the Caucasus
- Vladikavkaz
- Gelendzhik
- Hot key
- Grozny
- Derbent
- Yerevan
- Essentuki
- Zheleznovodsk
- Zugdidi
- Kislovodsk
- Kutaisi
- Krasnodar
- Maykop
- Makhachkala
- Mineral water
- Nazran
- Nalchik
- Novorossiysk
- Pyatigorsk
- Stavropol
- Stepanakert
- Sukhum
- Tbilisi
- Tuapse
- Tskhinvali
- Cherkessk
Cheap flights to Sochi from 3000 rubles.
Where is it located and how to get there
Address: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Russia